A Miniature Cross-Coupled Wide Band Microstrip

Bandpass Filter
Ratnesh Kumar Gaur, Anil Pandey
Department of Software and Modular Systems
Keysight Technologies
Email: ratnesh_gaur@keysight.com
Abstract A miniature cross-coupled wide band Microstrip
Bandpass Filter topology has been investigated. Since there is
a virtual grounding in the middle of each open-loop resonator
at its fundamental resonance, it is feasible to introduce a
physical via ground in that location without appreciably
affecting the primary passband. This however, leads to a new
topology of a miniature cress-coupled filter.

A. Design Considerations:
A practical approach based on a general coupling
matrix and external quality factors is often employed. The
general coupling matrix for an n-coupled resonator filter
has a form

IndexTermsBandpassfilter,coupling,microstrip.

I. INTRODUCTION
As one of the most important components in
RF/microwave systems, high performance wideband
bandpass filters with low insertion loss within the pass band
and large attenuation in the stop band are extremely
desirable[1][2]. Moreover, as shown in the figure 1, the
definition of the fractional bandwidth for the narrowband
bandpass filter is less than 1%; and the fractional
bandwidths for wideband/ultrawideband (UWB) bandpass
filter are greater than 1% and 25%, respectively [2].
The main features of the high performance wideband
microstrip bandpass filters include simple design, compact
size, low loss, good linearity, enhanced out-of-band
rejection, and easy integration with other circuits/antennas
etc. [3], [4]. Various microstrip wideband filters employing
multimode resonators, complementary split-ring resonator
(CSRR) and multilayer aperture-coupled patches have been
designed and analyzed [3][6].

which is an n x n reciprocal matrix (i.e., mij = mji ) and is

allowed to have nonzero diagonal entries mii for an
asynchronously tuned filter. Note that mij denotes the socalled normalized coupling coefficient, and the required
coupling coefficient for a given fractional bandwidth FBW
of a bandpass filter centered at f0 can be obtained from,

The external quality factors, namely, Qe1 that represents the

coupling between the source and resonator 1 (the input
resonator) and Qen that denotes the coupling between the
load and resonator n (the output resonator), are defined as

where qei denotes the scaled external quality factor.

For a given filtering characteristic, the coupling matrix and
the external quality factors can be obtained using a
synthesis procedure. The scattering parameters of the twoport filter network can be computed from [6]

in which [A]1 ij denotes the ith row and jth

column element of [A]1 with
Where
Fig. 1 The definition of the bandwidth of bandpass filter

II. FILTER DESIGN

[U] is the n n unit or identity matrix and [q]

is an n n matrix with all entries zero, except
for q11 1/qe1 and qnn 1/qen .

Cross-coupled resonator filters can be

implemented
with
different
forms
of
microwave resonators. For planar filter
realization, microstrip open-loop resonators
provide great flexibility for implementing a
variety of cross coupling structures. As an
example of this realization, a four-pole
microstrip cross-coupled filter is designed
based on a prescribed general coupling
matrix:
Fig. 4 Magnetization as a function of applied field.

III. SIMULATION AND MEASUREMENT

Magnetization (kA/m)

with the scaled external quality factor qe1

qe4 0.94908. There is cross coupling
between resonators 1 and 4 and the filter
may be seen as a canonical or single section
CQ filter. The filter is designed for a fractional
bandwidth FBW 0.06 at a center frequency
f0 1.17 GHz. Thus, the desired design
parameters can be found from (10.6) and
(10.7):

Pass band of frequency: 3.1-3.5GHz

Insertion Loss:1.2dB
Input/output return loss: <-18dB
Rejection @Fc400MHz:<-35dB
Rejection at 2nd 3rd Harmonics:<-70dB

Fig. 5 Magnetization as a function of applied field.

Applied Field (103 A/m)

Fig. 2 Magnetization as a function of applied field.
Note how the caption is centered in the column.

Fig. 6 Magnetization as a function of applied field.

Fig. 3 Magnetization as a function of applied field.

[1] M. King, B. Zhu, and S. Tang, Optimal path planning, Mobile Robots,
vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 520-531, March 2001.
[2] H. Simpson, Dumb Robots, 3rd ed., Springfield: UOS Press, 2004, pp.6-9.
[3] M. King and B. Zhu, Gaming strategies, in Path Planning to the West,
vol. II, S. Tang and M. King, Eds. Xian: Jiaoda Press, 1998, pp. 158-176.
[4] B. Simpson, et al, Title of paper goes here if known, unpublished.
[5] J.-G. Lu, Title of paper with only the first word capitalized, J. Name
Stand. Abbrev., in press.
[6] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, Electron spectroscopy
studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface, IEEE
Translated J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740-741, August 1987 [Digest 9th
Annual Conf. Magnetics Japan, p. 301, 1982].

Fig. 7 Magnetization as a function of applied field.

Fig. 8 Magnetization as a function of applied field.

IV. CONCLUSION
Microstrip filter designs involve a number of
consideration including careful choice of topologies and
substrates. Driven by applications and emerging device
technologies many new and advanced microstip filters have
been developed and their designs are quite innovative and
nontraditional. Such one filter topology has been discussed
hear.
A new compact microstrip Bandpass Filter is proposed
in
this work. Since the bandpass filter is formed by only four
resonators. Each of the four resonators, as numbered, has a
short circuit (via ground) at one end and an open circuit at
the other end, which is basically half of an open-loop
resonator. Therefore, the new filter topology requires a
circuit size which only amounts to half of that open loop
filter. Moreover, the miniature crosscoupled filter exhibits a
better upper stopband. It shows that the first spurious only
appears at about 3f0 , resulting in a wide and better upper
stopband. This is because the resonators used are only a
quarter-wave long. As a result, the proposed compact size
and high selective Bandpass filter is particularly suitable for
the applications in the Radar and multi-band
communication systems.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors wish to thank the colleagues of software
and modular division of Keysight Technologies.
REFERENCES