Digital Modulation

Digital Modulation
Three basic forms of digital modulation
Analog

Digital

AM

Amplitude

ASK

FM

Frequency

FSK

PM

Phase

PSK

05/07/09

Digital Modulation

Amplitude Shift Key

f (t)

f (t)

11111010001101010010111

t
ASK

(t)

ASK

Ac sin c t

f (t) =

ASK

t nT
an rect
T

1
where an =
0

( t ) = f ( t ) Ac sin ct

05/07/09

Ac sin c t
ASK ( t ) =
0

(logic 1)

Digital Modulation

(logic 0)

(t)

Amplitude Shift Key[1]

The ASK waveform for one pulse (logic 1)

Ac sin c t
ASK ( t ) =
0

In order to find an Energy Spectrum of

0 t T
elsewhere

ASK

(t)

Energy Spectrum

The Autocorrelation technique is used

f (t)

f (t)
Delay

f (t T )

Therefore Energy Spectrum of ASK

05/07/09

R( t ) R( f )
sinc2 function

2
T

Digital Modulation

2
T

Power Spectral Density

2

Ac

( 0 +
2

Ac

( 0
2

)
2

Ac

Gb ( 0 +
2

2
T

A
G ASK ( ) = c
2

c c+

[{G (
b

2
T

Detection of ASK : detect

05/07/09

)
2

Ac

Gb ( 0
2

)
c

) + G (

2
T

c+

2
T

)} + ( 0 c ) + ( 0 + c ) ]

present (logic 1) or
absent (logic 0)

Digital Modulation

of the carrier

Frequency Shift Key

11111010001101010010111

f (t)
t
t

FSK ( t )

ASK 1

(t)

ASK 2

(t)

t
t
Output for 1

ASK 1

(t)

Ac cos( c + ) t

f (t)
Output for 0

ASK 2

(t)

FSK ( t )

Ac cos( c ) t

05/07/09

Digital Modulation

Power Spectral Density

K ( c

K ( c +

K ( c

K ( c +

G ASK1 (
c

c+

G ASK 2 (

c+

2
Frequency separation

Note: To prevent significant overlapping of the bandpass of two

filters in detection process
frequency separation

05/07/09

Data rate

Digital Modulation

Power Spectral Density[1]

The Actual shape of Power Spectral Density of FSK
Detection of FSK Bandpass Filter
is used to detect f1 (1) and f2 (0)

c+

2
In general for frequency separation;

2
= 2 f

05/07/09

2 f

DataRate
2
=
T
m
1
=
or
T
T

Digital Modulation

where m is an integer

Phase Shift Key

11111010001101010010111

f (t)

f (t)

PSK ( t )

PSK ( t )

Ac cos c t

cos 2 f 0t

cos( 2 f 0t +

f (t) =

t nT
an rect
T

1
where an =
0

PSK ( t ) = f ( t ) Ac cos c t
05/07/09

Digital Modulation

Power Spectral Density

2

Ac

Gb ( 0 +
2

2
T

c c+

Ac

Gb ( 0
2

2
T

[ (

Ac
GPSK ( ) =
Gb 0
2
05/07/09

2
T

c+

Digital Modulation

2
T

) + G (
b

)]
10

Detection of PSK
Phase Reversal Key (PRK)
Since information is in the phase, only synchronous detection is possible

Receiver:
PSK ( t )
carrier

Synchronize
(coherent)

To data detection

cos 2 f 0t

cos( 2 f 0t +

Matched filter detection

carrier
Local oscillator e.g. Crystal oscillator
known as Voltage Control Oscillator VCO

05/07/09

Digital Modulation

11