Professional Documents
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Inflammation
The bodys response to injury of vascularized
Inflammation
Types of Injuries
trauma
anoxia
poison
Inflammation
A dynamic process that lasts from a few
Inflammation
Protective Role
Inflammation
The presence of the cardinal signs of
Functions of Inflammation
Inactivate injurious agent
Inflammatory Response
Complex response that involves:
Circulatory (Hemodynamic)
Changes
Circulatory (Hemodynamic)
Changes
first response of arterioles to injury
Followed by
vasodilation
flooding the capillary network with arterial
blood
Circulatory (Hemodynamic)
Changes
pressure from the capillaries is transmitted to
the venules
venules forces:
Circulatory (Hemodynamic)
Changes
Dilated Capillaries & Venules
Circulatory (Hemodynamic)
Changes
Leukocytes (WBC) marginalize
pavementing
Circulatory (Hemodynamic)
Changes
WBC adhesion to the surface of the venules
Circulatory (Hemodynamic)
Changes
Interleukins
Circulatory (Hemodynamic)
Changes
Adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelial
venules
Changes occur due to
Mediators of Inflammation
Chemical Mediators
Plasma derived
Cell derived
Mediators of Inflammation
Multi-functional
Mediators of Inflammation
effects include
vasodilation
vasoconstriction
altered vascular permeability
activation of inflammatory cells
chemotaxis
cytotoxicity
degradation of tissue
pain
fever
Mediators of Inflammation
Mediators of Inflammation
Biogenic amines
Peptides
Histamine
Bradykinin
Complement system
Prostaglandins
Mediators of Inflammation
histamine
Mediators of Inflammation
bradykinin
Mediators of Inflammation
Arachadonic Acid Derivatives
Mediators of Inflammation
Arachadonic Acid Derivatives
active in chemotaxis
increase vascular permeability
AKA slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis
cause brochospasm in asthma by contraction of the
smooth muscles in the bronchi
Cause anaphylactic shock by contraction of the
smooth muscles in the bronchi
Mediators of Inflammation
Arachadonic Acid Derivatives
formation of prostaglandins
Modulate vasomotor tone
modulate platelet aggregation and thrombosis
promote pain perception and mediate fever
Corticosteroids
transudation
edema formation
Transudate
contains few cells
readily exchanges across vessel walls
clear
thin
exudate is formed
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
As inflammation evolves, PMNs are joined by
lose mobility
begin acting as scavengers
active uptake of bacteria or other cellular debris
lysosomal degranulation of irritant
Cells of Inflammation
Eosinophils
2-5% of WBCs
appear 2-3 days after the PMNs
slower to react, slower mobility
single nucleus
prominent in allergic reactions
Cells of Inflammation
Basophils
histamine
Cells of Inflammation
Macrophages
Macrophages
produce
activate
coagulation sequence
thrombolysis
Cells of Inflammation
lymphocytes
Cells of Inflammation
platelets
Cells of Inflammation
Platelets
extracellular matrix
endothelial cells
thrombin formed in early thrombi
Classification of Inflammation in
Clinical Practice
Classification based on
duration
etiology
location
morphology or pathological characteristics
Classification of Inflammation
Duration
Acute Inflammation
Classification of Inflammation
Chronic Inflammation
Represents:
Classification of Inflammation
Chronic inflammation
Classification of Inflammation
Duration
Acute
PMNs regulated
Chronic
Classification of Inflammation
Etiology
infectious pathogens
chemical
physical
immune factors
Etiology
bacteria
viruses
protozoans
fungi
helminthic origins (wormlike animals)
Etiology
chemical causes
organic /inorganic
industrial /medicinal
exogenous /endogenous
physical causes
foreign bodies
heat
irradiation
trauma
Etiology of Inflammation
Many inflammations are multi-factorial
infectious inflammations
Classification of Inflammation
Location
Localized
Widespread or Systemic
Classification of Inflammation
Pathological Characteristics
Serous
Classification of Inflammation
Pathological Characteristics
Fibrinous
Classification of Inflammation
Pathological Characteristics
Purulent
pus formation
Can occur on mucosa, skinor
In internal organs
abscess
Repair
Remodeling
Inflammation
Tissues that can regenerate themselves:
skin
muscle
peripheral nerves
bone
themselves:
Tissue Repair
Participating Cells
leukocytes
macrophages
connective tissue cells
epithelial cells
myofibroblasts
angioblasts
Tissue Repair
fibroblasts
collagen
Remodeling
newly manufactured tissue is remodeled in
Remodeling
Granulation tissue
Wound healing
Scar tissue
site
mechanical factors
size
infection
circulatory status
nutrition
age of the patient
medications