Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GLASGOW 2011
British Academy
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
XIV th INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC CONGRESS
GLASGOW 2009
II
CONTENTS
Preface
Editors note
18
19
Inaugural lecture
A foreigners view of the coinage of Scotland, by Nicholas MAYHEW
23
Antiquity: Greek
I Delfini (distribuzione, associazioni, valenza simbolica), by Pasquale APOLITO
35
42
48
Up-to-date survey of the silver coinage of the Nabatean king Aretas IV, by Rachel
BARKAY
52
58
67
Not only art! The period of the signing masters and historical iconography,
by Maria CACCAMO CALTABIANO
73
81
89
97
105
114
123
CONTENTS
131
The coinage of the Scythian kings in the West Pontic area: iconography, by
Dimitar DRAGANOV
140
The royal archer and Apollo in the East: Greco-Persian iconography in the
Seleukid Empire, by Kyle ERICKSON & Nicholas L. WRIGHT
163
170
178
184
189
199
203
213
Archaic Greek coins east of the Tigris: evidence for circulation?, by J. KAGAN
230
237
246
251
The coinage of Chios during the Hellenistic and early Roman periods, by
Constantine LAGOS
259
265
CONTENTS
269
280
285
293
Some remarks concerning the gold coins with the legend , by Lucian
MUNTEANU
304
310
The coinage of the Paeonian kings Leon and Dropion, by Eftimija PAVLOVSKA
319
Le trsor des monnaies perses dor trouv Argamum / Orgam (Jurilovca, dp.
de Tulcea, Roumanie), by E. PETAC, G. TALMACHI & V. IONI
331
337
350
357
365
The coin finds from Hellenistic and Roman Berytas (fourth century BC third
century AD, by Ziad SAWAYA
376
382
Uso della moneta presso gli indigeni della Sicilia centro-meridionale, by Lavinia
SOLE
393
405
CONTENTS
417
427
436
Zur Datierung und Deutung der Beizeichen auf Stateren von Grtyn, by
Burkhard TRAEGER
441
447
461
473
487
The civic bronze coins of the Eleans: some preliminary remarks, by Franck
WOJAN
497
500
Antiquity: Roman
The coinage of Diva Faustina I, by Martin BECKMANN
509
514
The key to the Varus defeat: the Roman coin finds from Kalkriese, by Frank
BERGER
527
Monetary circulation in the Bosporan Kingdom in the Roman period c. first fourth century AD, by Line BJERG
533
The Roman coin hoards of the second century AD found on the territory of
present-day Serbia: the reasons for their burial, by Bojana BORI-BREKOVI
538
CONTENTS
Die Mnzprgung des Thessalischen Bundes von Marcus Aurelius bis Gallienus
(161-268 n. Chr.), by Friedrich BURRER
545
557
569
576
580
592
Analytical evidence for the organization of the Alexandrian mint during the
Tetrarchy (III-IV centuries AD), by J.M.COMPANA, L. LEN-REINA, F.J.
FORTES, L.M. CABALN, J.J. LASERNA, & M.A.G. ARANDA
595
605
613
621
629
635
Monuments on the move: architectural coin types and audience targeting in the
Flavian and Trajanic periods, by Nathan T. ELKINS
645
657
662
CONTENTS
668
New coins of pre- and denarial system minted outside Italy, by Paz GARCABELLIDO
676
686
696
709
Mars and Venus on Roman imperial coinage in the time of Marcus Aurelius:
iconological considerations with special reference to the emperors
correspondence with Marcus Cornelius Fronto, by Jrgen HAMER
715
The silver coins of Aegeae in the light of Hadrians eastern silver coinages, by F.
HAYMANN
720
726
732
742
749
757
765
772
The Nome coins: some remarks on the state of research, by Katarzyna LACH
780
785
CONTENTS
794
800
809
816
822
828
839
846
856
864
Die Sammlung von Lokalmythen griechischer Stdte des Ostens: ein Projekt der
Kommission fr alte Geschichte und Epigraphik, by Johannes NOLL
872
878
888
893
901
Could the unofficial mint called Atelier II be identified with the officinae of
Chteaubleau (France)?, by Fabien PILON
906
CONTENTS
911
916
926
933
941
A stone thesaurus with a votive coin deposit found in the sanctuary of Campo
della Fiera, Orvieto (Volsinii), by Samuele RANUCCI
954
964
973
Numismatics and archaeology in Rome: the finds from the Basilica Hilariana,
by Alessia ROVELLI
983
991
999
1004
1013
1019
1020
1025
CONTENTS
1037
The iconography of two groups of struck lead from Central Italy and Baetica in
the second and first centuries BC, by Clive STANNARD
1045
1056
Personalized victory on coins: the Year of the Four Emperors Greek imperial
issues, by Yannis STOYAS
1067
1073
1082
Gold and silver first tetrarchic issues from the mint of Alexandria, by D. Scott
VANHORN
1092
Note sulla circolazione monetaria in Etruria meridionale nel III secolo a.C., by
Daniela WILLIAMS
1103
Roman coins from the western part of West Balt territory, by Anna ZAPOLSKA
1115
Antiquity: Celtic
La moneda ibrica del nordeste de la Hispania Citerior: consideraciones sobre
su cronologa y funcin, by Marta CAMPO
1135
1142
1148
1155
Trading with silver bullion during the third century BC: the hoard of Armua de
Tajua, by Manuel GOZALBES, Gonzalo CORES & Pere Pau RIPOLLS
1165
1173
10
CONTENTS
1182
1191
1198
New coin finds from the two late Iron Age settlements of Altenburg (Germany)
and Rheinau (Switzerland) a military coin series on the German-Swiss border?,
by Michael NICK
1207
1218
Antiquity: general
La moneda en el mundo funerario-ritual de Gadir-Gades, by A. ARVALO
GONZLEZ
1231
Neues Licht auf eine alte Frage? Die Verwandschaft von Mnzen und Gemmen,
by Angela BERTHOLD
1240
Tipi del cane e del lupo sulle monete del Mediterraneo antico, by Alessandra
BOTTARI
1247
Not all these things are easy to read, much less to understand: new approaches to
reading images on ancient coins, by Geraldine CHIMIRRI-RUSSELL
1254
1261
Preliminary notes on Phoenician and Punic coins kept in the Pushkin Museum,
by S. KOVALENKO & L.I. MANFREDI
1266
Greek coins from the National Historical Museum of Rio de Janeiro: SNG
project, by Marici Martins MAGALHES
1278
1292
The sacred life of coins: cult fees, sacred law and numismatic evidence, by
Isabelle A. PAFFORD
1303
Anton Prokesch-Osten and the Greek coins of the coin collection at the
Universalmuseum Joanneum in Graz, Austria, by Karl PEITLER
1310
CONTENTS
11
1323
1334
Greek and Roman coins in the collection of the orum Museum, by D. zlem
YALCIN
1344
1355
1360
1372
1382
1392
1401
1408
1411
Norwegian bracteates during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, by Linn EIKJE
1418
1426
1431
1436
1441
12
CONTENTS
1452
1458
1464
Among farmers and city people: coin use in early medieval Denmark, c. 10001250, by Gitte Tarnow INGVARDSON
1470
1477
1492
Byzantine coins from the area of Belarus, by Krystyna LAVYSH & Marcin
WOOSZYN
1500
Die frheste Darstellung des Richters auf einer mittelalterlicher Mnze?, by Ivar
LEIMUS
1509
Coinage and money in the years of insecurity: the case of late Byzantine
Chalkidiki (thirteenth - fourteenth century), by Vangelis MALADAKIS
1517
1535
The money of the First Crusade: the evidence of a new parcel and its
implications, by Michael MATZKE
1542
1552
1557
1564
1570
CONTENTS
13
1580
1591
The discovery of a hoard of coins dated to the fifth and sixth centuries in
Klapavice in the hinterland of ancient Salona, by Tomislav EPAROVI
1597
1605
1614
1620
1625
1633
1640
1649
1664
1671
1679
The money box system for savings in Amsterdam, 1907-1935, by G.N. BORST
1687
1693
14
CONTENTS
1704
1713
1719
1725
1734
1744
1748
Representaciones del caf en el acervo de numismtica del Museu Paulista USP, by Angela Maria Gianeze RIBEIRO
1752
Freiburg im echtland und die Mnzreformen der franzsischen Knige (16891726), by Nicole SCHACHER
1758
1765
1774
The political context of the origin and the exportation of thaler-coins from
Jchymov (Joachimsthal) in the first half of the sixteenth century, by Petr
VOREL
1778
The late sixteenth-century Russian forged kopecks, which were ascribed to the
English Muscovy Company, by Serguei ZVEREV
1783
1789
1796
CONTENTS
15
1807
1813
1821
1826
Numismatic research in Japan today: coins, paper monies and patterns of usage.
Paper money in early modern Japan: economic and folkloristic aspects, by
Keiichiro KATO
1832
1841
A study of medieval Chinese coins from Karur and Madurai in Tamil Nadu, by
KRISHNAMURTHY RAMASUBBAIYER
1847
1852
Silver fragments of unique Byid and amdnid coins and their role in the Kel
hoard (Czech Republic), by Vlastimil NOVK
1862
Numismatic evidence for the location of Saray, the capital of the Golden Horde,
by A.V. PACHKALOV
1869
Le regard des voyageurs sur les monnaies africaines du XVIe au XIXe sicles, by
Josette RIVALLAIN
1874
Les imitations des dirhems carrs almohades: apport des analyses lmentaires,
by A. TEBOULBI, M. BOMPAIRE & M. BLET-LEMARQUAND
1884
1890
Glass jetons from Sicily: new find evidence from the excavations at Monte Iato,
by Christian WEISS
1897
Medals
Joseph Kowarzik (1860-1911): ein Medailleur der Jahrhundertwende, by
Kathleen ADLER
1907
16
CONTENTS
1920
1931
1937
1945
The rediscovery of the oldest private medal collection of the Netherlands, by Jan
PELSDONK
1959
1965
Shines with unblemished honour: some thoughts on an early nineteenthcentury medal, by Tuukka TALVIO
1978
General numismatics
Dalliconografia delle monete antiche allideologia della nazione future.
Proiezioni della numismatica grecista di DAnnunzio sulla nuova monetazione
Sabauda, by Giuseppe ALONZO
1985
1993
The Count of Caylus (1692-1765) and the study of ancient coins, by Franois de
CALLATA
1999
2004
2012
2017
A prosopography of the mint officials: the Eligivs database and its evolution, by
Luca GIANAZZA
2022
2027
CONTENTS
17
2036
2044
Foundation of the Hellenic World. A new private collection open to the public,
by Eleni PAPAEFTHYMIOU
2046
2047
2058
2072
2082
2089
2100
From the electrum to the Euro: a journey into the history of coins. A multimedia
presentation by the Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation, by Eleni ZAPITI
2102
Highlights from the Museum of the George and Nefeli Giabra Pierides
Collection, donated by Clio and Solon Triantafyllides: coins and artefacts, by
Eleni ZAPITI & Evangeline MARKOU
2112
Index of Contributors
2118
http://earth.google.com/
http://maps.google.com/
2013
mapia,3 to obtain DMS data (Degrees Minutes Seconds) or DD (Decimal Degrees) in order
to define these georeferences. This concerns most of all the monetary find-spots. Generally, when
DMS data is found, it is reported to an xml table from where maps are produced under Google
maps. These Google maps are then used in putting them on the base maps to tag the different location referenced on the Google map. Also produced is the georeferencing of ancient cities in order
to show the source of coins found on an archaeological site.
Some initiatives, both public and private, now enable us to have access to databases concerning
ancient cities. The upcoming alignment of the Barrington Atlas through the Ancient World Mapping Center4 and Pleiades5 will bring us accurate information for the localisation of ancient cities.
Concerning the cities, and because the georeferencing (DMS data) includes Seconds, which
gives a chance for a very precise localisation, it was decided to centre our georeferences on the
ancient theatre of the city when we have traces of it, or on central points of the ancient cities as
such as agoras. It seems to us that a place like the theatre was a strong sign of antique presence
in a city; this precision in the localisation forces us to make choices when the city spread is over
great distances. The precision in the localisation of ancient cities goes along with the availability
of some new digital information on maps such as relief, hydrography, etc.6
The localisation of hoards was done after the relevant scholar made a list of each. After a first
localisation, the DMS data was sent to the scholar for checking and verification. Indeed, when we
are talking about villages within regions about which we are not an expert, the support of a specialist is essential to avoid mistakes in localisations. When confusion happens, it often involves a
mix-up of two different places bearing the same name in a small geographical area.
Within the publications, the localisation of the find-spot could be more or less precise, from
under the doorway of the third pylon of Karnak to northern Greece or Asia Minor. Whenever
the localisation is not very precise, it is up to the scholar to determine if there is a sense in tagging
such location or another.
Excavation coins: maps presenting the origin of foreign coins found on a site.
A first series of maps were produced as a result of the georeferencing of data from the book by J.
Kroll on the monetary finds from the agora excavations in Athens, Greece (Kroll / Walker 1993).
For the publication of this article the series of maps were reduced to a single map gathering all
the information (Fig. 1). The map shows the cities from which the coins on the site come. I have
isolated find-spots in a chronological order. This chronological cut-out could have been different.
Kroll presents a table on which the different issues are dated by one or two centuries since some issues lasted for more than a hundred years or spanned over two centuries. Moreover, dates attached
to different coins concern their date of issue, and not their circulation or date of burial, which could
differ greatly and be much later.
I wont dwell on the historical analysis of these maps since it has not yet been carried out by
any scholar of the group. Nevertheless, this example shows the limits of the material. First of all,
we can note that the predominance of information from the fourth century is due to a large extent
to the introduction of bronze in the Greek coinage. Since these bronze coins are the most likely
to be found during excavations, data on bronze coins are largely overrepresented. This leads us to
wonder about the nature itself of the evidence given by excavation coins. If, on one hand, gold and
silver coins are often overrepresented in hoards (a tendency that slightly changed in past years), on
3
4
http://wikimapia.org/
http://www.unc.edu/awmc/
5
6
http://pleiades.stoa.org/
http://www.shaded-relief.com/ or http://www.maps-for-free.com/
2014
THOMAS FAUCHER
the other hand, bronze coins are clearly more numerous in excavation finds. Therefore, both these
types of evidence have to be handled with great caution.
2015
http://nomisma.org/
2016
THOMAS FAUCHER
This map gathers the information for series 1a, 1b-c, series 2 and series 3. Following the
analysis of Mr. Picard, the different monetary types of Thasos were split up into three large series:
the satyr series, divided into three parts, the Keeper gods series, Dionysos and Herakles, and the
Young gods series. It is not the intention here to give a large presentation of this coinage already
presented elsewhere by Picard (2008 and 2011).
Prospects
To close this paper, and because the topic of the round table was the Networking of coin-find data
repositories, some questions that we are all facing show up.
Where is the limit of the relevance of the geographical distribution of finds? We know that the
majority of the locations of hoards are unknown, or not precisely known, essentially because most
of the coin hoards were not unearthed during proper excavations but often identified in trade. On a
simple map, not interactive, this limit, as defined by the scholar, is relatively easy to establish. The
scholar has chosen a particular coinage or city, and the scale of the map often makes the limit obvious. For example, a hoard found in Pamphylia or in Beotia pointed out on a map showing the eastern Mediterranean Sea and the Seleucid Empire makes sense. On the contrary, on a map of Egypt
showing the hoards containing Ptolemaic coinage, a hoard found in Egypt does not make sense.
How to define these limits on a database where no specialist can choose whether or not to show
the hoard on the map? On a map like the one provided by Google maps, interactive and zoomable,
maybe the precision of certain locations is just an illusion for someone who does not have access
to the full information. Moreover, we have to be as precise as possible in the definition of each element listed on the maps so that each user, whatever his language may be, can have access to data.
Another question: how to warn users about the great discrepancies in the data collected by the
archaeologists? Some countries provide a lot more information than others, and it is sometimes possible that the dispersion maps lead users to observe certain things only due to a lack of information.
Of course, by these questions, we do not want to criticise the setting-up of databases, which is
crucial and a remarkable progress for History, well beyond numismatics. We see that with an appropriate treatment of the data, the graphic representation of coin hoards gives a new tool for the
understanding of monetary issues.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Coin hoards (1975 2002), Vol. 1 (1975) - Vol. 9 (2002), London (The Royal Numismatic Society).
Kroll, J.H. / Walker, A.S. (1993), The Athenian Agora: Results of Excavations conducted by the
American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Vol. 26, the Greek coins, American School of
Classical Studies at Athens.
Picard, O. (2008), Les ttradrachmes type thasien et les guerres thraces au dbut du Ier sicle
av. notre re, CRAI, pp 465-93.
Picard, O. (2011), La circulation de largent: le cas de Thasos, in: Quantifying Monetary Supplies
in Greco-Roman Times (Rome, 29-30 September 2008), pp 285-302.
Thompson, M. / Mrkholm, O. / Kraay, C.M., / Noe, S.P. (1973). An Inventory of Greek Coin
Hoards, New York.