t

iil ili,Hruifff""* nt.

T& n167Fiofl€ Ftol ,6 lea

t
r
3

fi*'i$iii,r,#:ii";;;ti"

J"'i c) : f , 33o 3.3

n{
-.'\. ; "* *.tu*iftf;f r:-,. Efu
rt,€l:!1,-Ai."t,t9
*4.- ... ;;.ili,ffii:,l:
t,\;s^j-,1d !:,er, !_ !!.!
 t5/

coN'ftN ls

2. LXd-UlNal lc! o"JtlLREc

i. THF CARGO

-1.1. TheC.rsc Lined or

de Manjfesttor Maid c1.gc

IATA Dange.ous
Coods

CJrSo

Possible
Causes
ofrheFne
 t Jl b

REPOR'T ON
TIIi:FIRD,{,\D EXPLOS ION ASPECTS
. RgLATINCTO TIIE LOSSOF
r O \ 1 8 1,
T H Es O I T H \ F R I c a I I i R w A Y S7 1 7 = 2 0 0 8
REG.ZS.SA5, ON28THNOVENII]ER T'8?
NEAR II{AURITTUS

C,Nl, SOIITIILqRD

8SSr/CrIS

on 231[NovemberItuT 3 SourbAlricadAip^ys 747 combi', Rcg. ZS SAS,

crohedinlo rheseaoifMaurhius\vnhthalossolail pa$ene:*
clll sign Helderberg,

On 14drApril 19891*a insrructedlo lravel lo SoulbAIrici in urLic' LUr\ani ;r.

rhelvreckag€ whichhad beenretrieved.Priorlo thisvisit I 'nlelLed to Sea(le whereI
mcrwirlr Boci.g pe6omel. I nradelwo tdps to SourhAJri.a, one on 14th illay 1939
' J i c r i c o n ) 4 r' r . '- 34.

LruririgluLI ny vlsilsI rook 5orreplroLogr!plr.r scledd!r ol which l qill rse lo

 05i
I E\^N rN11ION OLt]lI 8l.!Q!II[]t.Dl tlltls

-_ "'
b",.,er,,r1\1xJ,,Jl)1,JV-ytooa,a1i2odJ,.,
J . ) r h J . n eI o 8 4 ., n " o . b . , \
^^.,r,,; ;,.,:;;,i;"
:,i l,l,"":::l:.l_,".".o_,.',,,r,"

| a o r e n h a l e d L ' ' 1 gu r ' e . o ' e a

i|. .- : r: eo .: r.r;' :e. -1e1 .i e: ,\:a: ,, .o-r, , e r .
-on.e o P " . ' ' o nI
r - o n . , . e: i r e n d , i i : , , . . . , 4 . . . a ,

i:*:T:,::::T::::: o"*'"
::*"""u." ",,,,"
*,,,:;; ;:ff; i::l
argc eeJ f-d b.. I
d . !o r B \ . I 0 .

A ' r n " , o ^ f . . JD " " r ! o n . 1 . l e d ,

fhoog.I r, r.,,.r, !., .i.
':.i:,","'.'l'::: "l"'*
e ,r - r r n
'*'' dopo\ n -r .pJ'e,
I . e r a e ' o - r e B S i"ll
t , d o r o r h er e r . D , e \L r e n , r
' ''"0 -- !'$-:q 'r"I -"''
r,;-- ;;s.--nlE j ro ,,,e ,,-he, .n
rL 1eI

'ri*xfi,ffilw
-;:r:1';:'.T*h:'.:
:;:
;#+,.,*'.r :;I j :ffi
0. r oirhe.e. pre..u.o
e r j t ' r , j .-r : -B: sr 12 _
l ol o' ,,.pt " .nr h
", -+ o i ' ' J b e e r r e P or r o
- |rrhe(oapd.rner|

co.firedro dererhinine
wxcme.
ofiioh..^r^
",,,.." _;;,;;,;":,.;:i
,..,.
Il,fij:"1:::*::'::.:::
li",l.:.il"l:,1,:*" -- :l:l;:;:l:.:;:
i;
rnerewasany
_....,,."i!,J,J,Jresulor,rerona.o,

"'..'."^'"""
;,;1"1",11;'1.,-;;'1;'"
--1"*- -" *+!!!re!!_!!:ls!-9l
.,. i"il,l,l',ll
, ,.. ., . Lilffifi'i, liii
.":-++'*#Jr9!1_!!8"!:_j!t:!:!
",",'iea,rcr,trandJhrnar"ty.!e+rr"id.1r,eorrner.re

45 rheskjnot rherircirn rour!

| ^
",*^",*".,;;"',.":;;;:l,;::"L,,lllil,;."".
" ",,1,,,,,
- . d I d d n c g et o : r e s
hr\c hadrhefn.i

:J
r a , r i n . ' r e. c r g o . o m o , . r n r e f t .
I n o r . e . r o B d r g e. 1 e t . l e r
 0o0

eDdofthe renp*atue Engeerpcrienced

wirhinrhccornpadment
and !hereto.erimn
*"T,'*:n *perienced
anysignjri.adt
:l:: hear,, _-..u *" *", u_,.ri
suna'nedby irefts which hetted !t relalivety
low I
i;,.;; i;;,;]i"";Hil:.l
:;::fffijj:;l_*,_,;.;;; #,j."j:j
^-Sc&ml pa eh oidanage emerged
whicbindica,eorna! host.r lhe
1.,^_ teal hxd
.".,,**-
""d doqnro io\re.
.::.!:: ::,+ * "'r*,n,.,,r,
:*":":+S+rg!ij+I!i!r!!las"
qq;"r.rffiGar..ifri"
'eas rrr phsricbrmker
fan",...r". ""...**i-"',"-;;"il
;::
j::::::::::11.":*T*. "c.itrr-ibeneerBsrs;oud rs:o(pnoroer3oh,*
A(
li"""ll
wn.re l:;::..-'",*:
*"*t po", -"i,u"*-_-oo6_fii;;;_":,,;;
E.jr'ng {2s obsetred.ndic.red jevel
a below
j.:j:'"*..:'.""',,';;;;;;;;;;::'::":::'
::"::, 11lH *:::"fi
:
d.'eroped
beN d,.iere,
or;,";;;;;;il;T*:r'
hadedrtaly ner'eddow ro nriiser
il.,T'.'i,l ffi;:"1"1
:::e.,:e-l 20R bur rhj, ** *. "*.,,
":'.,":;.,'., r n o J , i , , , r r , . e r eL r n o e v . J e n . e *r, "i
o r , . r e, . . r . r e . L , " , , . e
-:":::.*,." r . . n b e ?. 1 R. o , 2 R .A i o r L \ 2 ? o o
n \ r o nb . _ n ( e,r_ e r e rp o . .
c l r o q nr n J n y t o cn. r pw, e r e
j n i , . t0 1 . rc . - . p r e . . . .
Nr,le.'l $Fn r t,sh te\ct. T1-
ind"rr"d ;,rJ!Ine a.e, nJJ 10r
.C. Tle ,,Detrun, ,-!-,reo
seahin lhe rear presure brlkherd
*ies r'adbee!.ou..d,
hadne,red,
butrhese
,ypi.a,ry
:i",,':i",::l;|il:::" nreL,

I:,:,::,_'.o 1 b e t , esl , r r 1 , - o r r n e , e f D e r a , u , e \
e , p e . . e n c e d . n ,Jn,". -
o'.,"0,"."*,.;;;;;;.'
::ih
;:::i,::.:i':"I:t*::'t :;i;:;;"ll;;:;;"
*, ^ *ir.,"",r,",."r.ing.i"j,_;;;
;il:::;::,,ff:
;:_*:i:i ].:j:_, "*,""". ";;;t;.
ilJ"j"::i"f.::,
e!:!_r
!3qEelred in' r!!_.']1!.
rbi
;;;;":-;ltl^;illl:..:
. Nletringhu oc.r(.d. "";",
" ,.
;:11:'l,.:"'i:1,:: ''jo .", '" o"-,'. ","- ,".1^
::l* ",J;.,,;.."'";,;.,:J::;T; ;i ;..;,::;:jj;
:l::
I,_:.,:,JJ
::l'::.: ;:.:fi:If
In addirioqt|ere wasnetrine
ir
rl
,
(ft ro the coppercondlcrorsof wiing roured
loMa.d tiie ratr $ppon over
beao.-someof rhisnelringcourdhavebeen
causedby
$ 068

f Furrherinfornlljon abour rhe degrecof hear lo which

$e skin had b.cn

r
qposedw^ g'!e! b' conducrjvity
measuremenrs ,!ken on rtE skinbv Dr C F.\fler.
rrde re$rrs@nrirned
rhatrre higr,esr
renperarures
weree[*i.i."a bfIJJin
berqeenBS 1800,1820
andsringeA t5R-i4R. In addirrodtr wasnoledrhal the patnr
"r tn"."',t,,""r tl,
riJ:,rm

rg :r lo_r1n,e: job t:m

f : , n i . o , o r r " y { h . p e d , a , r e , n ". { e _ a . n 8. 1 e o r 8 , ,
: l :e | e d, r . m - . . . i o . f
r o! n g e r. ) R b e $ . n A S, 8 . 1 ] . n J, 8 , t 0 .

No fire dahag. lrasdbseredb€lowrhenain 4eckfloor

sroundr.g the lowtr aft a.go tobe. simitrly:. iire
v..nupe

or on anyof rhe irems

danag. *is .bsetuedai :oLv
lelel.r,ir|inrhe.rdo ompairn.nr €xceptto. isolared
IF areassherenolrentrluni.jun

rt _
nad iallenonro so,ic ilems. ir padicutarrhe

r "'r. l N
.rlbGriter,r nrFenoorrphotogi,..hL
9C carso.e! wasnor hc,t airecred

r cIr:i-n\ (slt " d o r i v o , c u n - Jo r r h e, . s h ts . d eo r h c

f,,. n+c,orheqrn,roq.Jroos.r_e
ce
u rd . ( J ! e r - I I D , . . -

:nlr' d: ,n,ol :rb

e u. cr nr c u crr...pJ,,.o..eorenrrv"h.e
o n r h er i q h r\ j d eo f p a l t cpr R c r I t e \ e loerowxpprorjnraret!
strjnger
t9R,
*
Twosrarswlieh badsupponed rhebean upo. wbrcnthe ov*head srowagebitr
\veretued atong rhe cent.e of the akeft sere
hear blacke.ed ar high level
(Photoeraphs 22-24). Tbs€ srturshad be.enidenrifiedas baving
been tixed ar BS
1180. There was ro evidencero suggestttrat
tte s;trnr i d h e t l e d o r h a d b e e r
Dreachedby lhe fire anyvhercin rbcah(afr.

As part of my inspedionI madea delailederaminarion

ot lhe a.cessdoor
betweenrhe p4snge. and mai! deck ceSo
compartmenrs,As a resuhof lhis
exuiaation I concluded rhat the door had b€enin rhe ctosedposirionrhroughour
host oifie fire, but rherewN evidence
llral it probablybad beenbrieflyopened,r
sohesrage.Therews no evidence
rhata lorcedenlryhadbeenmaderhr.r"ri1rhjs,
 00',
L T H EC A R C O

3.1 The Cr.so on (hc Ca.soLkr, is prodlcedby lhe DCA ro. tlain c.reo Dock
Compartnent

Tlre cargolisr lisreda widevarietyof nens as beingnowedin rhe hain .argo

comprnmedr.Noneol lboselined, howeve.,woulCbaveposeda pa j.ular hazard
rnd noneqere .onsidercdlo be ,Dangeouscoodt urdq (he Internarionat An
Tnnspontuso.iaton (rATA) Regxt,ijons.I un,le$tand, l,oreve.,lhat ihereve.c a
numberoi snrallbarreries asociar.dwirh rhevariousetecrronic and .ompurernems
noredIn tlrefriindeckc.rgocomparhenl,andnlo ryp:: v,,r: r:.ove.ed;
(i) Nicid.cadniun atrd(b) Lirhiunjhionrl.hloride.
ii li ilr knownwhcdre'orherul)eswerea15o pr€serrin rhecargo.I alsounderra.
rliarrhesebr(erieswerc.or stowcdin bulk,bul aspart of th€ comD.nenrj Ior.,hjrlr
rheypfovidedpowe..eg memoryca.dsfor snalt conputers.Tte bardies werea ot
r sdaUsizeaid wouldhayebee!packaged ituiderheelectrurcnems.

Thereis someevidence rhatwhenbatleriesof rhehhium{hionytchlorite rrpo

are subj.rted to abuse,dey can expiode. A reporr has been preparedby
11 \l Tnackerayouilinjngthe probieG and lhen relevancelo lnis incilent. Ir
nppc.6 troo h6 repo and flom ode. Iirerarurethatj lt$ough an ,exptosion,
lesullingirom abuseof a lilhiumrhio.ylcbtoridebatre.,caMor .bsolutetybe ruted
out,such.noccurrence is ra.e.

Theotherimplicaiion ofhavinglithiun batteries in rhecarSois ihe poren(ialitre

promolrigaspedsehich lirbiun po$esses. Liftiun like othersinitarmeGlscanbufn
$ilh greatinrensity,burlhe adornt oflirhiumi! Oe hhiun-rhionr-l.h oid. baneies
in th. cargois verysmall.rd cons€quenrty wouldprobablynor havea sisniijcrlr
ptomorin8 etlectilinvolvedin fte.

ln sumary, rheretore, I couldiind no potentiatigtrjron sourcesfor lhh fne

ahongslthoseiremsljsEd on the cargolist s having
beensrowcdh the mlin deck

3 2 iATA D!nge.ons
CcodsRegutrtio.j

Iunsponationof all dangcrous goods,Eherherby land, sea o. air is

by internarional
regulations
.nd recomendariods.The regularing
bodyfor
I

t
I
ata
tu tra6porr k rhe InrcrnrlonJi
f
"il:',i':.;1,..l:,-'"":"
,l-1":. .;r"J; :;l:::::i:;;li
?Ur TrrnsDd( /

;;;::;::;:;:";::"#.","::
. , . , , i r e c x , q , , o. -"s" . .
'l ;;."-',J "" .,.","r..";,;.'-,,"'.'
,.,"*, ,
*

2 i::1,
i1;;; ":
*
::::il';':'j,;"::iiIll11.;i;,i;.;:I
"" I r"ril.
:"',i!";t ;
f " ;"::.',:;
:::"-,.,". :"i-:"i:l:""i"
;llil::"
E
6 n l r u f e . l Ue e o . L j 5 l : h : :
r h J n j u _ar s e n e r JItn l c
E-
I ",1l;:,:,,"tj;l;.; .1..'' e,.J Ji,:.
;,:1,';: :,i]::
s
-
I edb) - ,. " "r. "*-," ,.,",,i""1
_e I
F ",'lll ::::l";'"'
r " ! , i n c u w n $ r n t j K r k \ L h ec i r s
.,.,:.".,,"t.
":'"; ;';:';':ii';i:;,j,;::
J i t l U n a i o nr n t r )u
";".,:l:
,
tre, .. i, , (eorroi.iry .onFoJi,,..., i
* , - - , ' d * . q . i : . ; ; ; : : : ; " 1 " i l ; " [p; .J( ,: -; d
i ,.( g
,o. ._n.poir 01 ",, ,;:",1,'.'*-

';:li:i,";
l " : " i i ' ; " : : " :I : : : r ' ^,;';;:;. , ' b!,o ,b u 1 . r , p p e
: : r h ' ' ' ' p o;r;;
"'.'::,:.;i"iT' ' or , , . o i
.,:;:t :l:, : ;.::* ;;:
* " .,^';;";;;;.:'.ii','
,l;;;X;'" jii :ll
-ii1"..1'",'i1.,

';.1.^11,1i1,,"
*.*r**
' - 6 . - n u 5 lconcernjns
IA'A" u c e r r f g r,he Gtrpor!
h. a t u p o n ot 'DaigcroLs
'n',"'"'.",;
^^.-,.,
.r. -"1,"""i1",""
o'"d;;;';; ;::iil",.:il i"
AIponrr. ...nd \r,n-..,*rr!n{,/e5reconhendadons
- '"b" '",u,_8. ro"d.nE
coodt,
as ro
serk_,^, .. a r d securineiand tor
ncomrrDk,uur_ne. w.1,1 w I r r,.*.,o
rhe
so;d:;"jlo'
C o o d rh - ., ., . ,
, q , c , o a rg e r u u t J* i t h
e g u t dr,o
o r,,"
' e larer, soDe {langero!s
o n pa l u r t _ e",n o r l e r e t o . e
ouflng transitrheyftus
 471
.
be physically
separared,
sometimes in djffererrholds. hshing and securi,rg
amngcnentsmuslbecai.jcdourin ..cordancewilhrheoperarots innrucrions.
Noneof$esubslaiceslistedonthecarlo list
, , ashaury becdnow.d
urd have,D ny opiruon.reactedw h one
,helord,rions
or lovr8e in rne4rc,rfr. s,miia,I,
:1::-:,t 1..*"1
n o r nn gn q e J{ h r c h w o u ' d
h a r eb e eI p r o n er o l e t f h e a r i u B u u innoCr a S e .
 at2
.1. CALCULATIONS

Tcslscrrriedout bv Dr c Fowlerindicared rharrheskinber*eenBS r80O.l8?0

Dn! asrowas thepanlt benvcen sr, t5R 14R,lad readku rempenlures beiween2g8,
C and:00L-. Itre nn flow acro$the outsideof rbetus€l!8e
dudngftightwouldhave
hdda subsramial cooli.g€ffecto! rhe skjn and so in order ro
esrnrare$e ener!]
rcqutred-toImt thc skin ro rhesctemperarures ir wd n€cesarrlo quanrit/ rhn

The cahularions mr.jo ro dale took jnto accountrhc fac.tbal onty

" \ e m 8 5 . 8 0 t ! . 8 : 1 1 qt - . a shall
r g ' r " i . i J r , J r n n p r o \ , . r.:m
r ,Frmi.9.:.. .:
*",'
ji,.",i- .]M +p' " ""erJ r00r:r.\rr . iei ",1- " ne.,e
{ oo\\. -.
s ' u w s persquare
c€ inetle (t0 w/cm2).

Caltulrtionsw{e atsoma{lein o..le. to p.edict

ure s ze ot rrr. wtich .outJ
.cveropann reachr sready
st!tc,sivenrhevenrilarion
(
.rr.o,,Ba.Ja e,_a,",;;"^.,,-;; ;,;;;i11. i Jl ;:,:,
r d t c m n r r E m f e i c 1 1 J . n . * r h e t r r e r o - t u p r o D ;1""
.Lh L .-re. ".J,
, l el ' e 1 o r.1r)
r u t o r r r o nJ b o r r2 ) OK $ r o r D o _ t
| \,egarr,,,l-\,. n r,...:.ra,,
5 . . ) d o . h c o a B e n ' I r t - aa i r / a c o n . L . r e d . 9
I r.:re or r e ", rtu be.qLN,t1.
'oa lire invotvingh amchairar rhe low
end o.a large5ereear rhe higherend_

li
 0/3
i. Dtsc!SsloNs

i . 1 T}e Originotlhe Fi.eand FireSpre!.r

Tle exrenlhd inredsilyot rhe fke dhage lo ireG of

debrt recoverel
indi.rled rhatrhe fn. sla.redin t:lle! PR, which!a on rlc fronr
righ! sjdeot th.
ourn ceck careocomp,i:r!:rl, lrd atl h. neatdanree obs€(ed
is co.sjsrenl,irh
lrrespreadinglron rhi:3rca.

Due io lnc linjred anount ot deb6 reroveredfros rbepalleh

and due io rhe
mmpk:ry of ti.JL.j|L iirc :prcadnnhnrsucha corfgur.rion,ii
\e!s nor ,r,,jrNe r.
i,e'ermnetre er:l positio,iin *hicn rheihc
sranedhlh .bsotutecerrajnty.there
b:s1er, relules of rhe daddeewbichprecludedce ain
:re,. arels or rlre pi cl
Iron beinCtIe searot rIo iir..

Tnere *as no elidence ol burni.g ro lh€ floor around

Fattei pR lnd
consequenrly no firehadbu.nraltowievelaroundrhe5 i . l e os f r h c p x l l d
o o rt r i d
burni.g debrisfa en down fron rhe pall.r, wilil lne erceprion
ot nrotren
nateflatfallirgdownbehindthe9C net.

(ii) 'Ile.e $as no fne damage aroundthe windowtraneson lhe riahrsideoi palter
PR *hich indicarcd that no firc had burnron |he irgrrtlde to\verrhanlbour
stringerr9R. il ike had dctetopedar lbis point or if debris
bad iallen doqn,
flahesqould haveburntrhrougbfi€ polycrrbonare ,pulrdo\vn,shade
ovc! rhe
Mndow wrrhrelariveeaseand aho d4ftoyed $e plastc
windows,producing
tracesotrhatbuningon llie windowfranes.No sucht.lcess.ere
ioutrd,
(in) In ny opitrioqif rhefirc laj staded
rowa.dsrhelert sideoathe pxttcrn qould
haveinvolvedPanerpLat a fanlyearlysta8eandir is likdy rhar
debrisfrom !he
e d g eo. . f e r f _ , ' e bv o , . | 1 , . 1 cr J i e r a o q . " L sI heal
C damagelo $e itoor
i
(rv) The inrenseleat whichu6 l
expedencedby the skiobehveen
levelof slringer15Rindicatedlnar a locatised
BS l80l]_t82l]ar i I
fire nad buht adjacentro rhis
area. If a firc h.d sla.redlowerdoM towaldsrheccnrre
of lhe palterI solld
lave expededit to hrve spreadlpwardsard olrwards
rowardsrhe top ot rhe
pall.r, horder ro fiavecals€drhctocalised
dmag€ seeno€Neentss r30l]-lS2O

1i
 'iii

al4 ri
it trouldhlve beenoece$aryro havearriliciatty
channelted
rhe iire ros.rds thlr

It is po$iblelharlh; fire adjacsnr

o BS 18l]0l8tl]caused the insutarion
blanker
to lau a$ayberween rheseneolrameslnd thc bla*e6 on eirnerstdeof rttisbay
cooidnave.emained inractIo.longer. Atter. tvetyall $e btankelsin rhisir.a
couldhavefallenawayat abourlhe sam€rjn1e,tn both scenarios a tocatise{l
sourceolnear wasnece$iw ro eirhercausctbe oi. bltrnketro iail wirhourrhe
orhe:sor to cause re locatiscdh.rr sen on tt,i skin dow. rhe foot of lhe

aonscqucnrirI ad ofrhe optnionti,rt lirc;i1e stad€drowardsrhe rop rjghl side

ofPrllet PR in Ihe.r..:r.ri:l !5 lto0l821].

In m! opinio.rheilamesspreadup rtE sj<leot rhetusclase on rhcrigh!sidcadd

xcr.rslhe crown.Thereis aGoevidence lLat ilaneshadspreadoier lhe foNar{t tire
farr supporrbean, bcr\veen1680-1720. Hor g.sesv.rld hav€b(ih up ,tong rlre
lenglhof rhc conpa(menrbenearhlbe crownand someinsutalionblankelswolld
iiale becomedetached duli.g tlt rin.. Ttere wasno evrdence, norvever,
ol r! her
&es developing in areasorberrhanpaltetpR lnd rheheardanree rowfudsrherer!
or !r3 compandenrwas retarivelyminorandwasconcenrrared at bighlevet.

h fry opi.iodth€ flanesfromPalterpR di€dbackafrera shod rifre tuc ro (he

d.plerionofongen rnd/o. exringuishnenr acdonby rbec.c1v,anda retr(ivelyslendy
staletrreburnedinPauelPR. It is po$ibterhatflameswerepeaisrenrrhroughour lhe
re4a,nderor rhc flightunril jdpacr,bur rhefire sizewouldhavetjeenlimir€{jro rhe
tze of a buning arnchairor lrrge set€e dependi.gon rne venrilarion avaitrbtear

Accordin8to the rrauc.ipt ot |he CockpitVoice Recolder(CVR), ths Fne

Ala.h b€ll fiEr sounded at 28.31and lhe C\,tt first becam€affecredby the iie !r
29.40.(ie 800H2Tesl rcne sigdalcomerced), T]re recordrng
ended!l 29.52.
Th...fore r]relviringto lhe CVR whichwas,ouledatong
both sid.s of rhe crotrn
becan€iNolvedin ine aboutI minutero I minure20 scconds
aftersmokedetecrio..
 al5
Cons€qtrently
bt lhe rime rharderecrionhad oc.!(cd lhe lr.e \ris dcveL.pingr!pirlly
rnd ra myopnnonnameshadprobrblyatreadyreached rhe

Th*c ue rwoseneios whichwoutdrheorericr|yexplainine.l,.k

o rtjeCVR
*,nng sl'oiry a|l{ aaivdionofrhesookedereclo6.

(r) A normaldirfusion
flamctke invollingontyrbenlleriah Inrenon t|c ca.g. l$r
w|ich had becr burningrnd producjngsmokctor sornetin., bur lor
some
..rson hadnotbecr dct.clci

(ii) A prornord or a(.tenrcd lire which w."rd h.v. d::.l.i.j ,.r, ,.1piLltv rn<,
r. i n i r i . t i o n . n di o r L d h a r e p , r C u . e di n t c n s eh e a tI n F " d i ^ r e l ,
i . U o * i n di S r i r i . .
!l This Ilpe oa tne coul,l hxur i.ecn .r!3e.1 !t .ither an inc€ndixr/
devi.c or br
!ome chetriicxlrc.cliotr\virhincrrgoDorlisredon lhe ca,gortrr.
r
The nomal niilusjonflame Ine, tuclled odt by lje qpe ., $bn.nces
li$eJ in
rhecareolisr an{trheasso.icredpackagi.s.canonlyreactrcc ain renrper!rures ao{l
.nir cedainlevehot cnergy.This h dtre to rhe fact lh.r theyarc
lestrj.ledbl 1|e
sfeed ar rvbich(he iuei can conbine wirh orrgen in th€ surouiding.ir
ie. rhe
corlbi.arioncanontyhke ptaceat the €dgesof rheflafre. ConsequearL),
rherareof
Dum'ngsoull be lessand rher€tore lhe enerSyemilredeoutd be sma er than if rtj.
oxrSenwas mi{edwirhrhefuetbeforeicnitjonie premiledllame. -:l

A prented n.me or a chemicay pronoredfire h c.pabteof producine

v:i,r
inienseloc.lisedflxn€s whichcoutddeletopveryraprdly.
Sucha .lreni.ll would
ryprcaUy haveirs ownortgensourceie ir qoutd relese oxyge!as a by producrot is
oq conbustion,and in rhe conrexro! this tue voutd probabty
be cnpabteof seia
igtrilingor causing igniliondue ro spillage,An exampleofsucha sLbsranc. is ooeof
he orgahicperoxid* shichca! causeignitionifspiUedonloorbersubiarcesandlrjtl
hurnwifi a veryfi.rce and violentnane, Other
cramptesincludenelal iires e.g,
sonium, finelydilidedmagnesiuo, or someof rhefinetydividednetal caBlvsrs\vhich
hP ly oidise on cr?.sur. toajr.

]lre hear danaceobserved on $e r U n j u s ta b o v cn n n g e rl 5 R b e n v € eD

nS
1800-1820 was localisedand inrenseand i! my opinionfi€ energies.equired
ro
Pfoduce lhardanagesere untiketyro havebeenanainedby a normaldjfiusion
L'reconsidering lame
rheSeonerryof thjscasei_erbedjsiance aodaneteberween rhepali.r
 0/6
eLlge
:nd nnnq.rt5F. C.i
e q u e n r tIyr m o i t t e . n ,

.| ' i" oi r'erv' i

e1 "i.'fl" ';;i,","- d'1 ' '
: e'rIe "h'""'\o,
'' :ieD-k"\x,- "..;;.;;";;::: e
:;1"
5.1 PossiDle
Causcs
oftle Firc

" , " n o n . r vD et u j o . i . , e "

,..,,i:;.-i'.'.:"u':1^,'"".'' *,,, ,.,.,. l
il":: il:iilJH,*::;l;::ji:t::
:l:1-
. i"jii;,'; i":.1:: ;Jj1'::iii
",:::":::::.*:
'' 'Lh"e,o f.,e,,t:srri
,.; r' ono e n"or'

l::,i,i'ri '
;:i il .
;;,'t;ig_fti_::":l;
p, - ",,:: " """

"lJ:...|:ii'ii
.::iiii:.;::'il:;T ;;,'i1;
;::^"r.;,
;;'i;;,I;;
.;"* l*trj,I;]1+:HJ1 .*:::r**:i ::::
'.,1;: :#*fu#*t,;;ilr; i; i ;jl,ir:t,,
:;:Tlijl;
"1. xti: Ijil#} : tiir"r:r.
:.::;:
""; ; r:
;:":::::t :'*it''. """."..
;;";,;;:
."'.,1,,1J,,i..
ii,;';;;i
*;::;:;:;:;::'::: :ffHr;,j::*ll:,*j r',:
I an tr.refore of (he
ca.gosro$cdon pallerpR. 1fiecarseof tte fire was
somerhinc
in rhc
oelibeEtelyptanred nave.beenan incendjary devicewhichwar
in rhe courd haye been a cb€nical
whict was
 a7/

dis dcdarcdand clusd igdirionwhenspilledor she! conranjnared

by someorher

'fhc h.in
dcckcrrtsoconrpldhen!wascquiptedwnh r 16 ttr {7.25Kg)IhLon
L.ll1 crrnrsuishdbut o$d !lalon erringlishe^nnd waterc{inguishenwere ako
rerrl,bleon boardlbe ahcrafr.Ellod 1t11(;CF) extinguishes namesby interf*ine
$irh rhechainroacdonin ilanes antl consltuedtlyliaton lould be €ffecriveon fics
n,volrnBnorn'alpackagnrg mare.irkin.!io:: !3nslbt. tiquid!. riHalon js uscdon
lrcs iuv"lvirgoxidisiDglgcrrs o! ircrlLsN rtrc iLrct,Ios..vcr, rhcr rtre IIrt(nr crn
..rct qrlh tlre burningFeral 4! oyirlijcr jnJ pic.lJ.. M .\-Jt$nic.eacriotr Lyhi.h
enn6 a raree quaniitt ol |eat. rhus pronod.g the iire insre3ri.!.r.inAui:tii3 ii.
rvrtcr *ould have a similar €ifect or metat lircs untesssuficienr spray could D.
appliedIo cool rhe area. This is u..likelyiron a iimired sourcesuchrs a p.rr.b!. fire
F al3
I
T
5 (i, coNctustoN
I
! Ti:e lire on boarddr SouthAlricanAiNlys 747,Regiskarion ZS SASlvhjch
T
I
(d'ed ofl i{auririuson28tbNovenber1987srartedin P.llet PR,\vhichwassilulred
r t t l r e l r o n t r i g h r s i d et o
h fe n a i n d e c k c a r g o c o m p l r l m e n i
I
t3 In iry opinioorhe lire na ed a a rlpidly devetopingnamingfire rowardsrte
rup righl sideof rhepaller,andnmes cxrended a(.$ lhe c.oNn.i the ahcdit and
ove.,1!et_oNdrdlileraftsuppoiib€amatBS1680-1720.'tl;cheatdamagede(easd
* .s th€distlncefromBS 1800!820increded-

E
E
Ii j; aljo rny opinion lhar tbe fi.e wascausedby sonelhins in rnc careoa.Fen
on Palle' PR whichpr.m.!.J a npidly devclopiig fire ar an early si!:.. Tl,i! .,-nt
hxeebeeneitheran in.endiarydeviceorahuardols substance wnhin nie.!rgo shi.tt
had appar€ndynot beer declared.Mant 5uchsub$nces havelhe abilily ro isdj|e anJ
promorcan n'tensetue ifspilled on ro suitablesubsrrates,

( q=a;\ss.*\