Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Type of Chain:
1. Roller Chain
2. Inverted tooth or Silent Chain
Roller Chain Designation
Example:
RC XX X
0: Chain of usual proportion
1: Light weight chain
5: Roller less chain
: Replacement chain pitch
Pin
Roller
Bushing
Roller
Pin
Pitch (P)
Pitch of Chain Distance between centers of adjacent Rollers
Minimum Number of Sprocket Teeth
Ntmin = 12 for very low speed
Pitch circle
P2
Ntmin =
Ntmin =
Ntmin =
Ntmin =
d
D
17
21
25
23
for
for
for
for
low speed
moderate speed
high speed
speed increasing drives
[ ]
900 3
: inch
Nt
n1
D=
p
180
sin
n1
[ ]
Chain Length
(N t 1+ N t 2)
( N t 2+ N t 1)2
L=
+2C p +
2
2C p
Where:
L = length of chain in pitches, links or teeth (preferably even number to avoid the
use of an offset link)
Cp = center distance between the sprockets in pitches
Nt1 = number of teeth of small sprocket
Nt2 = number of teeth of large sprocket
Center Distance
Average good center distance for chain drive
v =D2+
D1
2
Thus:
N t 1 n1=N t 2 n2 :n1 D1 n2 D2
Where:
n1 = rpm of small sprocket
n1 =rpm of large sprocket
N t min =
4d
+5
p
N t min =
4d
+4
p
N t min =
4d
+6
p
inch to 2 4
inch
hp
=0.004(N t 1)1.08 (N t 1)0.9 [ p(30.07 p) ]
strand
100 N t 1
hp
=K r
strand
n1
1.5
( p)
0.8
2. Silent Chain
Rated Hp per inch of chain width
pv
vm
hp
= m 1
inch of width 53
425 ( N t 18 )
b=
Design HP
hp
(
)
inchof width
WIRE ROPES
Dr = rope diameter
Dw = wire diameter
Designation
AxB
Number of wires per stand
Number of strand
Dw Dr
1 6 x 19 MPS a wire rope made of a mild plow steel (MPS) with a rope diameter D r =
1, consisting of strands with 19 wires per strand
Different Ropes Sizes with their Common Application refer to p. 471 Faires
Materials with their Ultimate Strengths - refer to p. 471 Faires
Properties of Wire Ropes - refer to AT28 Faires
Wire Rope Loads
A. Total tensile load
This includes the effect of acceleration.
[ ]
Ft =(W L +W R ) 1+
a
g
Where
WL = weight of attached load
WR = weight of rope
a = acceleration of load
g = gravitational acceleration
B.
Equivalent load
Fb =
ED w
( Am)
Ds
Where
FL = equivalent load due to bending around the sheave
E = modulus of elasticity of rope material
Dw = wire diameter
Ds = sheave pitch diameter
Am = metallic cross-sectional area of rope
Factors of Safety
A. Static approach
N=
Fu Fb
F1
p
)S
Su u
2 F1
DR D s (
N=
Where
Su = ultimate strength of material
p/Su = ratio of bearing pressure to ropes ultimate strength.
(For indefinite life, p/Su 0.0015)
Ft = ropes total tensile load
Brake Drum
FB
BRAKES
Brake arm
BAND BRAKES
A. Simple Band Brake one end of the band is fixed to a pivot support
a
Pivot Point
F 1
=e
F2
F1 F2
Friction Torque
T =( F 1 + F 2)
D
2
Braking Force
From the given setup above, the brake is self-energized in a clockwise drum
rotation. That is, braking force is minimum in a clockwise drum rotation.
0
R
FB
a
L
F1=F 2
[]
a
L
F2
F1
Since F2 < F1 , FB is minimum
Power Absorbed by the Brake (Friction Power)
Power=T ( n )=(F 1F 2 )
( D2 )n
Brake Drum
FB
Brake arm
B. Differential Band Brake
b
C.
L
F B=
[(
F 1 bF 2 a )
L
F B=
[(
F 2 bF 1 a )
L
St=
Ft
=Sd
bt
F1
t
F1
Maximum Lining Pressure between Band and Drum
Pmax =
2 F1
D(b)
b
Rx
Ry
Rx
Ry
BLOCK BRAKES
A. Single Block Brake
b
D
c
Braking Force R:
a) Drum rotates clockwise
R=
P ( a )F (c )
(a+b)
Where
R = braking force required
P = normal force at the drum or block
F = frictional force at the drum or block
F=Pf
4 sin
2 +sin 2
R=
P ( a ) + F (c)
(a+ b)
Ry
R
R
M =0
T =F
4 sin
D
( D2 )=Pf [ 2 +sin
(
2 ] 2 )
Power=T (n)
FL
FR
PL
Ry
T
D
PR
Two pair of forces (P and F) act at each block. Thus, the friction torque equation
becomes
T =( F L + F R )
( D2 )
Where
F L =PL f L
4 sin L
2 L +sin 2 L
4 sin R
2 R +sin 2 R
F R=P R f R
]
]
CLUTCHES
DISK OR PLATE CLUTCH
Driving Disk
Key or
spline
Driven Disk
Driven Shaft
b
N
d
Spring
D
Driving
Shaft
p
dr
d
Dr