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WESTERN CIVILIZATION FINAL

NOTES
• Darwinism
o The Origin of Species
o The Descent of Man
o Social Darwinism
o Natural selection
• Marxism
o Carl Marx/Frederick Engels
o Working class revolution
o Industrialized places (London)
• Nationalism
o Great pride in one’s homeland
• Socialism
o Redistribution of wealth
• Nepotism
o Favoritism in politics, giving friends and family power
• Liberalism
o Civil Liberties and Natural rights of man
• Great Irish potato famine
o UK did nothing, led to IRA
o Women had diminished role
• Imperialism
o Matthew Perry opened up Japan
o India
o China – Open door policy, boxer rebellion (society of closed fists)
• Samurai/Shogun Shogun was the militaristic ruler, Samurai were
aristocracy
o Yamamoto***
o Mejii Restoration – samurai replaced shogun with royalty; emperor
now in power
o Bushido- die a hero, like then Spartans
• Russo-Japanese war – Japan wins
• Queen Victoria became empress when GB took over India
• Spanish-America War – over Cuba; William Randolph Hearst; Teddy
Roosevelt; Roughriders; Pres. McKinley assassinated, Teddy youngest
American President
o Philippines/Hawaii – Created sugar planter’s rebellion to get
stronghold in
o We did not give Cuba nor the Philippines freedom
• WWI- Started by “The Black Hand” – Archduke Francis Ferdinand
assassinated in Bosnia – Austria declares war on Serbia (Germany did
NOT initiate WWI)
o In WWI, Japan took the Allies’ side, same with Russia but Russia
left early
o Zimmerman Telegram**
o Lusitania**
o Trench Warfare
o The OSS
o Woodrow Wilson was pres.
o Blackjack Pershing AEF
o Airplanes and dogfighting rise, Red Baron
o Treaty of Versailles**
o ARTICLE 231*** German war guilt clause

• RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
o Lenin- anti-czar, his brother had been assassinated by pro-czar
people
o Women’s march- ST. Petersburg
o Lenin kicked out of Russia, sent to Siberia because off anarchist
ideals
o White Army/ Red Army
o Provisional government in between Czar abdication and
Lenin/socialism (moderate liberals)
o White = anti-Bolsheviks
o Red = Soviets (Bolsheviks)
o Rasputin – “cured” Alexis the Hemophiliac
o Rasputin survives numerous assassination attempts, gets thrown in
river and drowns
o Leon Trotsky**
• UNITES STATES 20s – 30s
o Dawes Plan- Germany was about t go under, was US’s economic
stimulus plan until the Great Depression
o NEW DEAL - FDR- pull us out of Depression
o Prohibition
o Rudolph Valentino – sex symbol of the time
• ITALY
o Benito Mussolini - Facism (Black shirts)
o Church supported him because he promised to eradicate
Communism
o Facist Party/ Non-Facist Party
o Francisco Franco was head of Facist Party
o Abraham Lincoln Brigade – sponsored by USSR (they were
American volunteers in the Spanish war)
o Germany came into war to try out their new weapons
o Catholic church backed Franco
• JAPAN
o Invaded Manchuria – Nanking (Rape of Nanking)
o They wanted to get the US out of the war
o Yamamoto – Pearl Harbor plan
o Tojo was head of Japan during WWII
o Hirohito was emperor
o Japan is unstoppable in beginning, control South Asia
o Japan takes no prisoners; In the Philippines, Bataan Death March
• PACIFIC
o Turning point was the Battle of Midway, unusual in that it was
fought only by planes
o Iwo Jima >>> Two of the last island
o Okinawa >>> battles fought in the Pacific campaign
o Invasion against Japanese mainland would be stricken with high
casualties
o First bomb- Hiroshima Aug. 6, 1945- Enola Gay
o August 9, 1945 - Nagasaki – JP and US diplomats met afterward,
not unconditional surrender, Hirohito was allowed to stay on the
throne
• GERMANY
o Hitler – Born in Austria
o Served in WWI as a messenger – fought for Germany even though
he was Austrian
o National Socialist Party- the Brown Shirts (SA)
o Mein Kampf – in jail
 Autobiography and his philosophy about Aryan perfectionism
o At the time, Germany was the Weimar Republic
o (SA)- victims of Night of the Long Knives
o Kristallnacht- Night of Broken Glass
o Head of SS- Heinrich Himmler
o Evil SS Doctor - Dr. Mengele
o Goering- Head of Luftwaffe
o Superman theory***
 Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy

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