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Interfacialtension,wettability,capillary
pressure
Furqan Hussain
PTRL3001 ReservoirEngineering B
3/6/2014
Interfacial tension
Surface molecules
Bulk molecules
Interfacial tension
Surface molecules
Bulk molecules
Interfacial tension
Surface molecules
Bulk molecules
Surface forces: Interfacial tensions different surface forces on each side of the
interface result in different pressures on each side of the interface
Curved interface: Non-zero net force on interface, interface in tension. Since
interface is a free surface it deforms (becomes curved)
Interfacial tension
Surface molecules
Bulk molecules
Liquid
Solid
Adhesion tension
Capillary-Gravity Equilibrium
Capillary-Gravity Equilibrium
Neutral
Oil-wet
water
Interfacial force
Buoyancy force
water
IMBIBITION wetting fluid (red) displaces the non-wetting fluid from the
capillary. This is a spontaneous process.
Capillary rise in all the tubes is to the same vertical height free water level
Pnw
Pw
Pnw
Pnw
Pw
P0
Pw
P0
P0
For horizontal capillary wetting fluid completely displaces non-wetting fluid from the tube.
There is no gravitational force to oppose the adhesive force.
Pc
2 cos
r
Pnw1
Pw1
It follows that
Pnw 2
Pw 2
P0
Pc
2 cos
r
P0
Pnw2 Pnw1
Drainage
forced
Pc
2 cos
r
Pnw1
Pw1
It follows that
Pnw 2
Pw 2
P0
Pc
2 cos
r
P0
Pnw2 Pnw1
6 min
200 min
800 min
6 min
200 min
800 min
6 min
200 min
800 min
Capillary rise occurs along the corners of the interconnected pore space
pw is atmospheric (constant)
Since Pc po pw
Pct
Increasing
Pc means
increasing
pw
Mt.Gambier limestone
The curvature
of the graph
give us some
information???
MEDIUM Pc
thick film
water
thin film
oil
water-wet
HIGH Pc
Thinner film
oil
oil
water-wet
water-wet
water-wet
oil-wet
oil
water-wet
Strongly water-wet
oil-wet
oil
oil
mixed-wet
Moderately oil-wet
mixed-wet
Strongly oil-wet
SchoolofPetroleumEngineering
InitialFluiddistribution
Furqan Hussain
PTRL3001 ReservoirEngineering B
3/13/2014
3/13/2014
4049
SchoolofPetroleumEngineering
RelativePermeability
Furqan Hussain
PTRL3001 ReservoirEngineering B
3/13/2014
Relative permeability
Extension of Darcys law to two-phase flow
Relative permeability
Extension of Darcys law to two-phase flow
Relative permeability
Residual oil
saturation
End-point
relative permeabiliy
Irreducible
saturation
due to
limited
capillary
pressure
End-point
relative permeabiliy
Residual
saturation
due to
snap-off
Oil wet
3/13/2014
krw
3/13/2014