Laser Cutting

Laser Cutter

Theodore
Maiman

Laser Beam Machining (LBM)

Definition of LASER

Laser is the abbreviation of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation).

A highly collimated monochromatic and coherent light beam is generated and focused to small
spot , so that high power densities are then obtained.

Types Of LASER

Types

Wavelength (nm)

Solid

Ruby
Nd YAG (Hair Removal)
Nd Glass

694
1064
1064

Semiconductor

GaAs (Gallium Arsenide)

800-900

Molecular

CO2

10.6 (um)

Ruby Laser

Ruby Laser

Applications

Cutting
Marking
Welding
Scribing
Drilling
Surface Treatment
Surgery and hair removal

Laser Beam Machine

CO2 Laser Tube

Laser Path

Mirror

Laser Head

Principle Of Material Removal

The workpiece material is removed

through several effects including
reflection, absorption and conduction of
light that is followed by melting and
evaporation.
At a given wavelength, the higher the
reflectivity of the material the lower is the
material removal rate and vice versa.
The level of reflectivity can substantially
be reduced by modifying the surface
conditions.

Removal Rate

LASER Cutter Parameters

Power (0 100%)
- Depends on LASER Power Used (700mW,2W,30W,etc..)

Speed (0 100%)
- Affects Production Rate

Pulse Per Inch (PPI)

- Affects Finishing

Machining Speed

General Comments
Non metals can be cut at higher speeds than do metallic
ones, since metals have higher reflectivity and thermal
conductivity
To achieve the same cutting speed greater power
density lasers should be needed to cut through metallic
materials.
The smaller the depth of altered layer associated with
high cutting rates is an advantage of laser beam
machining.

Machinability
The term Machinability refers to the ease with which a metal can be machined to an acceptable
surface finish.

Parameters Affecting LASER

Power & Speed Vs Thickness

Heat Affected Zone (HAZ)

LASER Drilling

Micro Drilling

Texturing

Cutting

Engraving

Slitting

Slitting

3D Slicing

Advantages

Tool wear and breakage are absent.

Holes can be located accurately by using optical laser system for
alignment for alignment.
Very small holes of large aspect ratio can be produced
A wide variety of hard and difficult-to-machine materials can be tackled.
Machining is extremely rapid and the set-up times are economical.
Holes can be drilled at difficult entrance angles ( to the Holes can be drilled
at difficult entrance angles( to the surface). Due to its flexibility, the
process can be automated easily such as the on-the-fly operation for thin
gauge material which requires one shot to produce a hole.
The operating cost is low.

Disadvantages
High equipment cost.
Tapers are normally encountered in the direct drilling of
holes.
A hole of precise depth is difficult.
The thickness of the material that can be laser drilled is
restricted to 50 mm.
Adherent material need to be removed.

LASER Cutters
High Power (30W, 80W)

LASER Cutters
Low Power

Mr. Beam

Risha

Hazards

Noise / Vibration
Gases / Fumes
Radiation
Reflected / Scattered Light
Particles / Aerosols

Protective Measures

Software
Inkscape

Raster Graphics
A Raster Graphics Image, or Bitmap, is a dot matrix
data structure representing a generally rectangular grid
of pixels, or points of color.
Raster images are stored in image files with varying
formats.

Vector Graphics
Vector graphics is the use of geometrical
primitives such as points, lines, curves, and
shapes or polygonsall of which are based
on mathematical expressionsto represent
images in computer graphics.
Vector graphics are based on vectors (also
called paths)

Raster Vs Vector

Inkscape

http://inkscape.org/en/download/

Box Maker
http://boxmaker.rahulbotics.com/

Laserpro C180 Preferences

Laserpro C180 Preferences

16 Colors
Each color has
- Power
- Speed
- PPI
Raster / Vector
Checkbox

Break

Control
Eng / Ahmed Abdel Aziz

GRBL Library
Grbl is software for controlling the motion of
machines that make things.
ence

Sequ

Sequence

G-Code

PWM
GRBL Library

X Axis

Y Axis

LASER

Vector Image G-Code

G0 X0 Y0 Z0
G1 X10.6 Y5
G1 X0.5 Y3
G0 X0 Y0
M03
G0 Z-1
G0 X100 Y100
G0 X0 Y0 Z0

Vector Image
(.DXF)

DXF To G-Code

G-Code

Risha Laser Cutter

Risha which means feather in
Arabic, is a new concept for laser
cutters that is opensource,
portable, DIY, and easy to use.
The machine interfaces with
mobile phone to expand the user
base and make technology
accessible for almost anyone, as
long as they can sketch or draw.
www.reshalaser.org

While Rastering Arduino Logo On Polyester

Risha Controller Software

Risha Workshops

Berlin
Germany

Risha Workshops

Barcelona
Spain

Thank You

www.reshalaser.org