Patreece Jackman

Human Geography- P. 8

Tuesday, January 5, 2016

Vocabulary:

Triangular Trade
Sharecropper

Triangular Trade: An efficient triangular trading pattern.

Ex: Atlantic Slave Trade
Sharecropper: A person who rents land from a landowner, and pays rent with a
share of the food grown.
Ex: Southern U.S. adopted practice with freed slaves

Ethnicity vs. Race

Ethnicity is the identity-or heritage of a group of people who share the same
cultural traditions of a particular hearth.
Ex: Bengali, Pashtun, Tajik
Race is genetic, and can biologically passed down from parent to child.
Ex: Black, Asian, White

4 Minority Group Clusters

1. East Coast (Carolinas plus other states to Baltimore, Philadelphia, NYC,
etc)
2. East Central (Alabama & Eastern Tennessee north to either Detroit or
Cleveland)
3. West Central (From Mississippi and western Tennessee north to St
Louis and Chicago)
4. Southwest (From Texas west to California)

African Americans and the 3 Phases of Migration

In the 18th century African Americans were forcibly migrated to American
Colonies. In the 20th century, they immigrated from the U.S. South to the
Northern U.S. In the second half of the 20th and the first decade of the 21st
century, African Americans immigrated from inner-city ghettos to other
urban neighbourhoods.

Effects of Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896)

The U.S. Supreme court asserted a Louisiana state law that stated that upheld
separate but equal, dividing Blacks and Whites in separate railway cars.

Vocabulary:

Jim Crow
Separate but equal

Jim Crow was the name for laws during the 19th century thats restricted Blacks of
their equal treatment compared to their white counterparts.
Separate but Equal was a law passed by the supreme court of the divided but
equal treatment of races, which Southern states used to segregate Blacks from
Whites.

Effects of Brown vs. Board of Ed (1954)

This found that separating schools for Blacks and Whites was unconstitutional, and
that all schools had to be desegregated.

Vocabulary:

White Flight
Blockbusting

White Flight was the mass migration of whites after the passing of Brown vs.
Board of Ed (1954), after not wanting to integrate.
Blockbusting was the practice of real estate owners to white families to sell their
homes for low prices in their fear of living near Black families.

The Apartheid & Nelson Mandela

The Apartheid was the physical separation of different races (Black, White,
Colored, Asian) into geographic areas in South Africa. Racial prejudiced in South
Africa reached its climax by the late 20th century. While the United States was
abolishing laws that separated people by race, South Africa was enforcing them.
The Apartheid lasted till the 1990s however it will take many years for the effects

of the past policy to go away. Nelson Mandela was the leader of the anti apartheid
organization African National Congress-that became legalized, and was elected
president after being released from prison. He was the countrys first black
president.

What is Nationality?
Nationality classifies American citizens, along with people born in the country and
people from other countries who had become citizens.

In the U.S.,which is Shared by All Americans?

Nationality is shared by all American citizens.

Why is Denmark a good Example of a Nation-State?

Denmark is a good example of a nation-state because, the Danish ethnicity closely
corresponds to the state of Denmark. A nation-state is a state whose territory
closely corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been
transformed into a nationality.

What Represents loyalty and Devotion to a State that Represents a

Particular Groups Culture?
Multiculturalism: The preservation of different cultures or cultural identities
within a unified society, as a state or nation.

Elements of Nationalism
Loyalty to a nationality
Promotes one nation of all others
Gives priority to nations own culture and interests and not other
nations
A nationalist expresses nationalism by supporting conditions that
keeps and promotes their culture and feelings of their nationality.

The Concept that nationalities have the right to govern themselves is known as the
right of SELF-DETERMINATION.

The Flag, The Star Spangled Banner, and Baseball, are strong centripetal
forces in the United States. Centripetal force is an attitude that brings people
together and promotes support for the state.

What is the Nationality of Someone who Gives Allegiance to the

United Kingdom?

British.

Since the breakup of the once largest multinational state the Soviet
Union, what is the largest multinational state now?
Russia is currently the largest multinational state. Russia is officially cognizant of
the existence of 39 nationalities (most are eager for independence). They are
clustered along borders of neighbouring states. 20% of the Russian Population is
non-Russian.

Conflict Between Ethnicities

Nations

Centripetal Forces

Centrifugal Forces

The Baltic States

Location on the Baltic Sea

Cultural differences & historical

traditions

Belarus & Ukraine

Isolated from main body of

Eastern Europe (Russia)

Cultural diversity

Ethnically similar. Moldova was

part of Romania

Russia seizing Moldova

None

Ethnically divided between

Kazakhs and Russians.

Aspired to create a sovereign

nation-state.

Different ethnicities.

Most Somalis are Sunni Muslims

and speak Somali. National
history & culture

Divided among several ethnic

groups

Moldova &
Romania
Kazakhstan
The Caucasus
Somalia

1. In what ways was Yugoslavia a fragmented country under

Josip Tito?
Yugoslavia was broken up in the 1990s, and was divided into sects as if they were
countries within a country.
2. What caused ethnic cleansing in Bosnia?
Territorial conflicts and religion caused ethnic cleansing in Bosnia.
3. What caused the ethnic cleansing in Kosovo?
Serbia had a historical claim to Kosovo. Once given control of Kosovo, Serbia
began the ethnic cleansing. Kosovo was made up of 90% ethnic Albanians
4. What caused the ethnic cleansing in Central Africa?
The non corresponding boundaries between ethnic groups have caused tensions.
Since Europeans had divided Africa without regarding the ethnicities within it, it had
made things difficult. Once the African colonies had gained independence, they had
began forcing out other ethnicities that were not theirs. A prime example with be
Rwanda between the ethnic groups Hutus and the Tutsis. Many Tutsis were
murdered by the Hutus for past history of great inequality when they were a colony.