1 (a) Describe the battle of Plassey.

[4]

1757, French encouraged Siraj-ud-Daulah to attack EIC base at Calcutta. Captured city but couldnt keep hold
of it, Clive arrived with EIC soldiers and bribed Jafar, one of Sirajs key men. Made him Nawab of Bengal as a
reward for turning against Siraj who was defeated by Clive. Body found in a river after battle. As a result of
battle, EIC controlled trade in Bengal, Clive made Governor of Bengal.
(b)
c)

Explain why the Mughal Empire declined following the reign of Aurangzeb
[7]
The strength of the British army was the sole reason for the failure of the War of Independence by 1858.
Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.
[14]

2.

Read the source below carefully to answer question.

Bengal was the largest province of India with a population of 85 million people. Lord Curzon, the newly
appointed Viceroy believed that Bengal was too large to be governed efficiently as a single province and in
1903 proposed that it should be split into two, West Bengal and East Bengal.

(a)
(b)
(c)

Describe the Swadeshi Movement.

[4]
Explain why the Muslim League was formed in 1906.
[7]
Were the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms the main reason for the outbreak of violence across India in 1919?
Explain your answer.
[14]

(a) Who was Chaudri Rahmat Ali?

[4]
1930 left India to study law at Cambridge, attended conferences in London on Hindu-Muslim
relationships. Believed in a separate Muslim homeland partition. 1933 a pamphlet Now or Never argued
in favour of partition, gave the name Pakistan. Became popular amongst most Muslims during the 1930s.
Considered less important than Allama Iqbal, Jinnah refused to meet him.
(b) Why did the Cripps Mission of 1942 fail?
[7]
(c) The main reason why Congress rule (19371939) was so hated was because of the introduction of the
Wardha Scheme. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.
[14]

4. (a) What problems did Benazir Bhutto face as Prime Minister of Pakistan?

[4]

198890, 199396. Faced opposition from politicians who wanted her to fail, husband Zardari accused of
corruption, divisions within her party (PPP), IJI criticised government of being close to USA. Confrontations
with provincial governments, violent protests, coalition party MQM joined with IJI, Pucca Qila massacre.
(b) Why was India successful in the 1965 and 1971 wars against Pakistan?
[7]
(c) Constitutional reforms were the most important of Ayub Khans domestic policies during the Decade of
Progress between 1958 and 1969. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.
[14]
5.

Read the source below carefully to answer question (a).

During the 1980s, relations between India and Pakistan were fraught with difficulties. The situation in Kashmir
was far from resolved and both sides were developing nuclear weapons. Neither side was willing to sign the
Nuclear Proliferation Treaty. By the 1990s tension was increasing again regarding nuclear weapons and
Kashmir. Eventually an attempt was made to reduce tensions between the two countries by ending nuclear
testing, and then the Kargil Conflict happened.
(a)
(b)
(c)

What was the Kargil Conflict?

[4]
Why was Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto executed in 1979?
[7]
Were political concerns more important than economic ones in the creation of Bangladesh in 1971?
Explain your answer.
[14]