Semester II, 2015-16

Department of Physics, IIT Kanpur

PHY103A: Lecture # 16
(Text Book: Intro to Electrodynamics by Griffiths, 3rd Ed.)

Anand Kumar Jha

Notes
Quiz-1 will be normalized to 10 (out of 220) marks
Will return the quiz on Tuesday in Tutorial
Quiz-1-solutions and Homework # 5 solutions have been
posted on the course webpage

Conceptual Clarification (Multipole expansion versus dipole field)

Multipole Expansion:
V() =

1 1
1
1
+ 2 (cos) + 3
40

3
1
cos2
+
2
2

It is an exact expression but at large the expression can be approximated

by just the first non-zero term in the expansion.
The Field of a Polarized Object: Ex. 4.2 (Griffiths, 3rd Ed. ):

=
(2cos + sin )
For
3
40

For
3
40
The dipole field can be calculated at all

Summary of Lecture # 15:

Electric displacement and Dielectric constant
Define: 0 1 +

Clausius-Mossotti formula
= else

Define:
= 0

Capacitance with dielectric filling

= vac
=

= 1 +
30 ( 1)
=
( +2)

Energy in dielectric systems

=

Force in dielectric system

1 2
=
2

Magnetostatics
Stationary charges
Steady currents
Non-stationary charges
and/or Non-steady currents
Force on a point charge :
Electric Force:

Constant Electric field

Electrostatics

Constant Magnetic field

Magnetostatics

Changing Electric and

Magnetic field

Electrodynamics

elec = Q

Magnetic Force: mag = Q( )

Total Force:

Lorentz Force Law

= elec + mag = Q( + )

Work done by magnetic forces

The work done by a magnetic force is zero !
Why?
mag = mag = Q

= Q
=0

Magnetic forces do no work

Magnetic forces can change the direction in which a particle moves.
Magnetic forces do not change the speed with which a particle moves.

Currents
Current is charge flow per unit time =

It is measured in Coulombs per second, or Amperes (A).

Charge flowing in a wire is described by Current

=

The direction of current is in the direction of

charge-flow.
=

Conventionally, this is the direction

opposite to the flow of electrons.
Force on the length of the current carrying wire

mag = Q = = =
mag = =

Currents
Current is charge flow per unit time =

It is measured in Coulombs per second, or Amperes (A).

Charge flowing on a surface is described by surface current density

Current density is a vector quantity.

Force on the surface area element

mag = Q = =

Currents
Current is charge flow per unit time =

It is measured in Coulombs per second, or Amperes (A).

Charge flowing in a volume is described by volume current density

=
=

Current density is a vector quantity.

Force on the surface area element

mag = Q = =

The Continuity Equation (Conservation of Charge)

I =

I = J

Current crossing a surface

Total charge per unit time crossing a surface

For a closed surface

I =

Total charge per unit time crossing a closed surface

Total charge per unit time leaving the volume V.

But, total charge per unit time leaving the volume V is

=

So, =

The Continuity Equation