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Postgrado de Ingeniera
Procesos de Extraccin de
Lquidos
Procesos de Expansin
Se disminuye la presin del gas para disminuir la temperatura
Balance de energa en sistemas abiertos
1 & 2
E& K = m
u
2
Energa Potencial
& . g .z
E& P = m
- Turbina o expansor
H = Q& W&
Adiabtico
H = W&
Proceso
isentrpico
- Vlvula de expansin
Entalpa
H = U + P .V
H = 0
Proceso
isentlpico
Vlvula de
expansin
La variacin de la T con
respecto a la variacin
de la P es una constante
P
Volumen
Volumen
Compresor
P.V = n.R.T.z
Se produce el efecto Joule Thomson
para bajas la temperatura
P2 T2
La presin de salida depende
de las especificaciones
requeridas:
yi
P2 T2
L xi
% recuperacin
en el lquido
Se requiere
conocer las
especificaciones
de salida de la
torre
Separador
Pre enfriamiento
Fraccionamiento
Gas
Intercambiador
Gas - Gas
Vlvula de
expansin
Gas Residual
Producto
requerido
Fraccionamiento
Separador
Chiller
Vlvula de
expansin
Gas
Intercambiador
Gas - Gas
Producto
requerido
Turbina
A compresin
Gas
Fraccionamiento
Intercambiador
Gas - Gas
Vlvula de expansin
Refrigerante
Producto
El expansor
se ubica en
la corriente
de vapor
que sale del
separador
Proceso de refrigeracin
Condiciones iniciales
Proceso
isentrpico
Condiciones finales
Proceso
isentlpico
Procedimiento de Clculo:
1.- Ensayo y error: se asumen varias T de
T de descarga ??? descarga mnimo 3 temperaturas.
W
P2, T2
Procedimiento de Clculo:
- Con V, Yi, L, Xi de cada una de las temperaturas asumidas hallamos Hv y HL
para Hm= V*Hv + L* HL. Luego hallamos Sv y SL para Sm=V*S+L*SL
Comp
yi
C1
0,7
C2
0,2
C3
0,1
yi
zi
xi =
=1
i =1
i =1 V * ( ki 1) + 1
yi
ki =
xi
yi = 1
L +V = 1
i =1
F zi
Vaporizacin
instantnea
o
clculo de fase
L
xi
Comp
C1
C2
C3
zi
0.7
0.2
0.1
ki @ Pk 3000
5.8
0.375
0.057
xi
0.14139
0.41188
0.44673
yi
0.82008
0.15445
0.02546
V=
0.8231
L= 1-V
L= 0.1769
zi
xi =
=1
i =1
i =1 V * ( ki 1) + 1
yi
ki =
xi
yi = 1
L +V = 1
i =1
zi (ki 1)
f (V ) =
V (ki 1) + 1
zi (ki 1) 2
f ' (V ) =
(V (ki 1) + 1) 2
Error
V(2 ) V(1)
0.01
V(1)
V( 2)
f (V )1
= V(1)
f ' (V )1
zi
0.7
0.2
0.1
ki @ Pk 3000
5.8
0.375
0.057
ki-1
4.8
-0.625
-0.943
0.5
V1=
0.8342
0.8231
L= 1-V
L= 0.1769
0.8234
f(V)
0.98824
-0.18182
-0.17843
f'(V)
-1.39516
-0.16529
-0.31837
f(V)
0.67141
-0.26118
-0.44209
f'(V)
-0.64399
-0.34108
-1.95442
f(V)
0.67846
-0.25754
-0.42188
f'(V)
-0.65759
-0.33162
-1.77979
0.6280
-1.8788
-0.0319
-2.9395
-0.0009
-2.7690
V2=
E=
0.8342
0.6685
V2=
E=
0.8234
0.0130
V2=
E=
0.8231
0.0004
V1=
Hm = V * H V + L * H L
Entalpa de la fase Vapor
n
H = yi PMi H oi
o
HV = H ( H H )
i =1
yi
0.82008
0.15445
0.02546
PM
16.04
30.07
44.097
Pc
667
707.8
615
TC
343.34
550.07
665.92
H
198
118
95
yi*Pc
546.99
109.32
15.66
671.97
yi*Tc
281.566
84.958
16.954
383.479
yi*wi
0.00687
0.01501
0.00386
0.02574
yi*Pmi*H
2604.508
548.029
106.657
3259.195
BTU/lbmol
(H H )
= 0.45
R Tc
o
(H H )
= 0.34
R Tc
o
HV = H o ( H o H )
H V = 3259,19 349,38 = 2909,83 BTU / lbmol
H L = H o (H o H )
Leido en tabla Cap 23 GPSA
Comp
C1
C2
C3
xi
0.14139
0.41189
0.44673
PM
16.04
30.07
44.097
Pc
667
707.8
615
TC
343.34
550.07
665.92
H
198
118
95
xi*Pc
94.31
291.54
274.74
660.58
xi*Tc
48.545
226.568
297.486
572.600
xi*wi
0.00118
0.04004
0.06768
0.10890
xi*Pmi*H
449.043
1461.493
1871.448
3781.984
BTU/lbmol
(H H )
= 0.45
R Tc
o
'
(H H )
= 0.34
R Tc
o
Fig. 24.6
Fig. 24.7
Hm = V * H V + L * H L
Hm@ 60 F = 0,8231* 2909,83 + 0,1769 * 2464,62
Hm@ 60 F = 1927,74 BTU / lbmol
Sm = V * SV + L * S L
n
SV = S o ( S o S )
Comp
C1
C2
C3
yi
0.82008
0.15445
0.02546
PM
16.04
30.07
44.097
S
2.88
1.895
1.48
yi*S *PMi
37.8838
8.8010
1.6616
48.3463
BTU/lbmol*R
yi*Ln(yi)
-0.1627
-0.2885
-0.0935
-0.5446
(
S
S)
o
+ w
+ ln P
( S S ) = R
R
R
(S S )
= 0.34
R
Fig. 24.20
'
(S S )
= 0.32
R
P en Atm
Fig. 24.21
S o = xi S oi PMi R xi ln( xi )
i =1
Fig 24.19 GPSA
Comp
C1
C2
C3
xi
0.14139
0.41189
0.44673
PM
16.04
30.07
44.097
S
2.88
1.895
1.48
xi*S *PMi
6.5315
23.4706
29.1552
59.1573
BTU/lbmol*R
xi*Ln(xi)
-0.2766
-0.3653
-0.3600
-1.0019
(S S )
= 5.2
R
Fig. 24.20
'
(S S )
= 6.8
R
Fig. 24.21
zi
0.7
0.2
0.1
ki @ Pk 3000
6.3
0.48
0.09
xi
0.12333
0.36952
0.50715
yi
0.77699
0.17737
0.04564
1.00000
1.00000
V=
0.8822
L= 1-V
L=
0.1178
yi
0.77699
0.17737
0.04564
PM
16.04
30.07
44.097
Pc
667
707.8
615
TC
343.34
550.07
665.92
H
210
125
105
yi*Pc
518.25
125.54
28.07
671.86
yi*Tc
266.771
97.565
30.395
394.731
yi*wi
0.00839
0.01724
0.00691
0.03255
yi*Pmi*H
2617.206
666.684
211.338
3495.228
BTU/lbmol
(H H )
= 0.44
R Tc
o
'
(H H )
= 0.30
R Tc
o
Fig. 24.6
Fig. 24.7
xi
0.12333
0.36952
0.50715
PM
16.04
30.07
44.097
Pc
667
707.8
615
TC
343.34
550.07
665.92
H
210
125
105
xi*Pc
82.26
261.54
311.90
655.70
yi*Tc
42.345
203.261
337.722
583.327
xi*wi
0.00103
0.03592
0.07683
0.11378
xi*Pmi*H
415.430
1388.925
2348.200
4152.555
BTU/lbmol
(H H )
= 4.75
R Tc
o
'
(H H )
= 6.6
R Tc
o
Fig. 24.6
Fig. 24.7
Hm = V * H V + L * H L
Hm@ 40 F = 0,8822 * 3142,49 + 0,1178 * 2221,61
Hm@ 40 F = 2510,59 BTU / lbmol
Calculamos la entropa de la mezcla a -40 F
Sm = V * SV + L * S L
n
SV = S ( S S )
i =1
yi
0.77699
0.17737
0.04564
PM
16.04
30.07
44.097
S
2.98
1.90
1.48
yi*S *PMi
37.1394
10.1069
2.9789
50.2252
BTU/lbmol*R
yi*Ln(yi)
-0.1961
-0.3068
-0.1409
-0.6437
(S S )
= 0,29
R
Fig. 24.20
'
(S S )
= 0,28
R
Fig. 24.21
S o = xi S o i PMi R xi ln( xi )
i =1
Fig 24.19 GPSA
Comp
C1
C2
C3
xi
0.12333
0.36952
0.50715
PM
16.04
30.07
44.097
S
2.98
1.90
1.48
xi*S *PMi
5.8951
21.0561
33.0984
60.0497
BTU/lbmol*R
xi*Ln(xi)
-0.2581
-0.3679
-0.3443
-0.9703
(S S )
= 5,4
R
Fig. 24.20
'
(S S )
= 6,6
R
Fig. 24.21
300 psia
-20 F
Comp
C1
C2
C3
zi
0.7
0.2
0.1
ki @ Pk 3000
6.8
0.52
0.13
V=
0.9321
L= 1-V
L=
0.0679
xi
0.10927
0.36192
0.52881
yi
0.74306
0.18820
0.06874
1.00000
1.00000
yi
0.74306
0.18820
0.06874
PM
16.04
30.07
44.097
Pc
667
707.8
615
TC
343.34
550.07
665.92
(H H )
= 0,42
R Tc
o
'
(H H )
= 0,3
R Tc
o
Fig. 24.6
Fig. 24.7
H
215
135
110
yi*Pc
495.62
133.21
42.28
671.10
yi*Tc
255.121
103.522
45.779
404.422
yi*wi
0.00623
0.01829
0.01041
0.03493
yi*Pmi*H
2562.507
763.980
333.459
3659.946
BTU/lbmol
HV = H o ( H o H )
H V = 3659,94 349,10 = 3310,84 BTU / lbmol
H L = H o (H o H )
xi
0.10927
0.36192
0.52881
PM
16.04
30.07
44.097
Pc
667
707.8
615
TC
343.34
550.07
665.92
(H H )
= 0,75
R Tc
o
'
(H H )
= 6,8
R Tc
o
Fig. 24.6
Fig. 24.7
H
215
135
110
xi*Pc
72.89
256.17
325.22
654.27
xi*Tc
37.518
199.081
352.143
588.742
xi*wi
0.00092
0.03518
0.08011
0.11621
xi*Pmi*H
376.839
1469.193
2565.070
4411.102
BTU/lbmol
Hm = V * H V + L * H L
Hm@ 20 F = 0,932 * 3310,84 + 0,0679 * 2787,85
Hm@ 20 F = 2896,40 BTU / lbmol
Sm = V * SV + L * S L
n
SV = S ( S S )
i =1
Fig 24.19 GPSA
Comp
C1
C2
C3
yi
0.74306
0.18820
0.06874
PM
16.04
30.07
44.097
S
3
1.92
1.52
yi*S *PMi
35.7559
10.8655
4.6078
51.2292
BTU/lbmol*R
yi*Ln(yi)
-0.2207
-0.3143
-0.1841
-0.7191
(S S )
'
(S S )
= 0,225
R
Fig. 24.21
S = xi S o i PMi R xi ln( xi )
o
i =1
xi
0.10927
0.36192
0.52881
PM
16.04
30.07
44.097
S
3
1.92
1.52
xi*S *PMi
5.2582
20.8952
35.4446
61.5980
BTU/lbmol*R
xi*Ln(xi)
-0.2419
-0.3678
-0.3369
-0.9467
(S o S )
= 5,4
R
Fig. 24.20
'
(S S )
= 6,79
R
Fig. 24.21
yi
0.70000
0.20000
0.10000
PM
16.04
30.07
44.097
Pc
667
707.8
615
TC
343.34
550.07
665.92
H
245
155
125
yi*Pc
466.90
141.56
61.50
669.96
yi*Tc
240.338
110.014
66.592
416.944
yi*wi
0.00756
0.01944
0.01515
0.04215
yi*Pmi*H
2750.860
932.170
551.213
4234.243
BTU/lbmol
(H H )
= 1,5
R Tc
o
'
(H H )
= 0,36
R Tc
o
Fig. 24.6
Fig. 24.7
46
44
42
H real=(80/100)*800=640
Leemos temperatura = -50F
40
-60
-40
-20
H
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
-60
-40
-20