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Name
Time: 60 minutes
The total marks for the paper is 60.
The marks for each question are shown in square brackets.
Use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your written
communication will be assessed.
You should take particular care with your spelling and grammar, as well as the
clarity of expression, on these questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
There may be more space than you need.
FORMULAE
You may find theses formulae useful
charge = current time
Q=It
V=IR
P=IV
E=IVt
distance
time
speed =
acceleration =
change in velocity
time taken
v=
s
t
a=
v-u
t
F=ma
W=mg
p=mv
force =
change in momentum
time
F=
work done
time taken
kinetic energy =
E=Fd
P=
(mv - mu)
t
E
t
GPE = m g h
KE =
1
m v2
2
1. (a) A technician investigates a light-dependent resistor (LDR) connected in series with a 120
resistor and a voltage source.
The technician measures the voltage across the LDR and also the current in the LDR.
(i) Which one of these circuits should the technician use?
(1)
(2)
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(iii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
The current in the 120 resistor is
A
B
C
D
(1)
(iv) The technician repeats the readings with the LDR in different light conditions.
The table gives two of the readings.
(2)
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The traffic sign uses many small lights all powered by a rechargeable battery.
These lights need to be very bright during the day so that they can be seen clearly.
They do not need to be as bright at night.
Explain how using a light-dependent resistor can make the energy stored in the battery last
longer.
(6)
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(Total for Question is 12 marks)
2. A box with a mass of 0.8 kg is lifted from the floor and placed on a shelf.
The shelf is 1.8 m above the floor.
(2)
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gain in gravitational potential energy = ......................................... J
(ii) The box falls off the shelf.
State the kinetic energy of the box just before it hits the floor.
(1)
......................................................................................................................................................................J
(iii)Just before the box hits the floor it has a momentum of 4.8 kg m/s.
Calculate the velocity of the box just before it hits the floor.
(3)
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velocity = ........................................ m/s
(Total for Question is 6 marks)
(1)
A zero
B greater than the driving force
C smaller than the driving force
D the same size as the driving force
(ii) The car now accelerates in a straight line.
Its average acceleration is 12 m/s2.
Calculate the increase in velocity of the car in 4.0 s.
(3)
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*(b) After going to the shops, a car driver places a bag of shopping on the passenger seat. During the
journey home, the driver has to use the brakes to stop very suddenly. The driver is wearing a seat
belt.
Explain what happens next to the car, the driver and the shopping bag.
(6)
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(Total for Question = 10 marks)
(1)
(3)
(i) Calculate the activity of the carbon-14 in the comb when it was new.
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(ii) The scientist takes several readings of background radiation.
Explain why this is necessary to improve the accuracy of the investigation.
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(iii) Old objects like the comb emit a very small amount of radiation.
The activity from the comb is about the same as comes from background radiation.
Scientists have stopped measuring the activity of carbon-14 for carbon dating.
Instead, they can measure the mass of undecayed carbon-14 left in the sample.
Suggest a reason for this change.
(1)
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(Total for Question is 10 marks)
5. Engineers are trying to generate electricity using the energy from nuclear fusion reactions.
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
High temperatures and pressures are needed in a nuclear fusion reactor. This is to overcome (1)
A
nuclear fission
(2)
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(iii) State one advantage of a fusion reactor over a fission reactor.
(1)
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(Total for Question is 4 marks)
(1)
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(iii) Explain why some people are exposed to more background radiation than others
(2)
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(iv) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
The recommended safe limit for exposure to radiation has been reduced over the last 80 years.
This is because now
(1)
A better instruments allow scientists to make measurements more quickly
B global warming has increased the rate of decay of radioactive materials
C humans release more radioactive materials into the environment
D scientists have a better understanding of the dangers of radiation
(Total for Question is 5 marks)
10
7. (a) The diagram shows the horizontal forces acting on a moving bicycle and cyclist.
(1)
gravity
weight
(1)
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(iii) The graph shows how the velocity of the cyclist changes during the first part of a journey along a
straight and level road. During this part of the journey the force applied by the cyclist to the
bicycle pedals is constant.
Describe how and explain, in terms of the forces A and B, why the velocity of the
cyclist changes:
between the points X and Y
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and between the points Y and Z.
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11
(b) (i) The cyclist used the brakes to slow down and stop the bicycle.
A constant braking force of 140 N stopped the bicycle in a distance of 24 m.
Calculate the work done by the braking force to stop the bicycle. Give the unit.
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(ii) Complete the following sentences.
(2)
When the brakes are used, the bicycle slows down. The kinetic energy of the
bicycle ............................................................ . At the same time, the brakes transfer energy to
the surroundings by ...................................
(Total for Question is 13 marks)
(Total for Paper is 60 marks)
12
Mark Scheme
Q1.
13
Q2.
Question
Number
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Answer
Acceptable answers
14
Mark
(2)
(1)
(3)
Q3.
15
Q4.
(a)
(b)
(c)(i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
A
axes labelled correctly With label or unit
(1) correct shaped smooth curve (1)
line does not reach zero activity (1)
Idea of 2 half-lives (1)
11 400 = 2 5700 Idea of halving activity
twice (1)
16
Mark
(1)
(3)
(3)
(c)(ii)
(c)(iii)
(2)
accept interfering/including varies
with place/time/random nature
repeating test improves reliability
Q5.
(iii)
ONE from:
no radioactive waste (1)
huge energy yield (1)
hydrogen is renewable (1)
(1)
17
Q6.
Answer
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Acceptable answers
B
Any ONE of the following
Rocks (1)
Food (1)
Radon gas (1)
Cosmic rays (1)
Own bodies (1)
Fall-out (1)
Sun/stars (1)
An explanation linking
personal circumstances such as
geographical location nature of their
work lifestyle (1)
the consequences such as
radiation from radon gas/particular
rocks/fallout (eg Chernobyl) greater
exposure to x-rays greater exposure to
cosmic rays (1)
D
Mark
(2)
(1)
Q7.
(a)(iii)
(b)(i)
(b)(ii)
Between X and Y:
F>0 forwards (1)
accelerating / v (1)
B due to v (1)
Between Y and Z:
B becomes same size as A (1)
F0 (1)
a=0 / v constant (1)
E = Fd (1)
= 140 x 24 (1)
= 3360 J (1)
decreases (1)
friction (1)
heat
18
(1)
(1)
19