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Main Operation
Larox provides several types of horizontal belt filters; Pannevis RB (Traditional Rubber Belt) and in its newest
configuration - the Pannevis RB-SV (side mounted vacuum box) and Pannevis RT (Reciprocating Tray). Horizontal
belt filters are typically used for separation of relatively free filtering solids where good post treatment is required. The
horizontal belt filter is a continuous filter with an endless cloth supported on a grooved carrier belt. The belt and cloth
are driven around two rollers and across a series of evacuated suction boxes. The feed suspension is introduced at
one end of the filter and deliquored to produce a cake at the other end.
The benefits of using horizontal belt filters are good cake washing, continuous and visible processing, in addition to
fully automatic operation, flexibility, high capacity and relatively high speeds of operation. If required, horizontal belt
filters enable efficient counter-current washings to minimize the usage of wash liquid.
The Pannevis RT horizontal vacuum belt filter is a unique design that offers true multi-step processing on one unit.
This one unit provides discrete multi-step processing of a wide range of products, and enhanced dewatering through
cake vibration, mechanical compression or hot air drying.
The Pannevis RB and RB-SV rubber belt filters meet the requirements of high capacity, heavy-duty applications.
The filters can handle the highest capacities, while producing superior performance in separation, washing and cake
dewatering.
Metal Concentrates
Coarse base metal concentrates
Mineral sand
Tailings
Apatite
Metallurgy
Alumina
Chloride processes
Ferro silicon
Goethite
Jarosite
Nickel and cobalt refining
Platinum group metals
Residues in metallurgical plants
Rutile
Silver recovery
Metal powder
Zinc processing
And many other applications in Mining and Metallurgy
industries
Pannevis RT-GT
Alumina Ammonium Meta-Vanadate Apatite Coal Slurries Coarse Base Metal Concentrates Ferro
Silicon Goethite Gold Tailings Hematite Ilmenite
Benefits
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Pannevis RT 8 m2 Filter
Jarosite Kieserite Mineral Sand Residues in Metallurgical Plants Rutile Silver Recovery Silicon
Carbide Stainless Steel Powder Zinc Processing
Operating Principles
Cake Forming
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Cake Washing
Cake Washing
Once the cake is formed, wash liquor/water can be
introduced onto the top of the cake via a wash launder or
sprays. Multiple washing stages, co-current, counter current
or direct washing can be added by increasing the length of
the filter.
Cake Drying
Cake Drying
Pannevis RT Principle
RT Principle
Conventional RB Principle
Conventional RB Principle
RB-SV Principle
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Drawings:
GA
Foundation
P&ID
Piping
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S/L Applications
Horizontal belt filters combine gravity settling with filtration
in the cake-forming zone to create an even filter cake that is
well suited to drying or washing. This gravity settling in the
early cake form time allows coarser particles to lay down a
precoat improving filtration performance.
Co-Current Washing
Co-Current Washing
With a horizontal filtration surface and variable length
HVBF,s are recognised as one of the best filters when
process solutions require solids washing and dewatering.
For maximum solute removal co-current washing with 2, 3
or even more displacements can achieve excellent wash
efficiency. While typical wash efficiencies are in the range of
50 to 90% in some applications wash efficiencies as high as
99.8% can be achieved.
Counter-Current Washing
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Mechanical Dewatering
Cake Vibration
Cake Vibration
Cake vibration is available for metallurgical leach residues
and precipitates that are thixotrophic in nature, vibration
reduces the tendency for cake cracking and can reduce the
cake moisture by several % points.
Cake Compression
Compressible filter cakes can be further dewatered
beyond the limits of normal vacuum filtration by applying
mechanical forces to the cake either while it is still
under vacuum or on completion of the vacuum steps.
The Pannevis range of Press Belts cover both options.
Several alternative designs of Press Belts are available.
Squeeze Belt
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Belt Support
Pannevis rubber belt filters feature roller support of the rubber carrier
belt. By matching the roller spacing to the belt rigidity, rollers provide a
stable filtration surface with low friction and power requirement. Unlike
table support or sliding belts support systems, no seal water is required
to lubricate between the support and the belt resulting in a much cleaner
installation.The only sliding contact point is at the vacuum box where
two seal belts protect the belt and seal the vacuum to ensure maximum
carrier belt life.
RB Operating Principle
The Pannevis RB filter is a continuous
vacuum filter that consists of an endless
carrier belt that supports a filter cloth
on the upper surface to enable vacuum
filtration.
Filtrate is drawn through the cloth, along
grooves in the rubber carrier belt and into
the vacuum box under the belt.
Filter Cloth
The Pannevis HVB filters are available
in widths from 0.575 to 4.25m. Standard
filter cloth is ultrasonically welded, which
provides a perfect smooth joint. In case a
rapid exchange is required the cloth can
be provided with a clipper seam. The filter
cloth is continuously tracked, tensioned
and kept in proper width to prevent cloth
creasing. The carrier belt is driven by a
frequency controlled motor. The cloth
selection is either based on experience or
on bench tests.
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Vacuum Boxes
The Pannevis RB Filter is provided either with a traditional centre
mounted vacuum box or the latest innovation side vacuum box
that is more accessible for cleaning or maintenance. Both vacuum
boxes are manufactured from AISI 304 stainless steel or alternative
corrosion resistant materials. Loose seal belts made from low
friction, wear resistant materials run in UHDPE grooves and are
designed for long life and easy maintenance.
RB-SV Advantages
The vacuum box acts as a gas/liquid
separator reducing the need for vessels.
Cake Discharge
The nature of the cake determines the
type of discharge system e.g. doctor-knife,
wire- or roller discharge.
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Pannevis RB
Pannevis RB filters from Larox provide the highest level of
performance in rubber under-belt filter technology. Backed
by 25 years of experience in the design and manufacture
of rubber under-belt filters, the Pannevis RB finds wide
acceptance in high tonnage, heavy industries including the
primary market of mining and metallurgy. With a wide range
of material and design options to meet different applications,
the Pannevis RB is also tailored to the requirement to provide
optimum performance.
Pannevis RB 30 m2 Filter
Type
Pannevis RB
Filtration Width
1.175
1.60
2.10
3.00
4.00
5.6
5.6
8.4
9.8
14.0
Increment
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
14.0
19.6
23.8
33.6
42.0
m2
6.6
9.0
17.6
29.4
56.0
Increment
m2
1.6
2.2
2.9
4.2
5.6
m2
16.5
31.4
50.0
100.8
168.0
Overall Width
2.73
3.05
3.65
4.65
6.15
9.5/17.9
9.5/23.5
13.9/29.3
17.2/41
21.4/49.7
Overall Height
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
Weight, Min-Max
kg
7800/11400
11200/20200
15800/25150
24500/37300
36900/53450
kW
1.5 - 7.5
1.5 - 11
2.2 - 11
3 - 18.5
4 - 22
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Pannevis RB-SV
The Pannevis RB-SV is a further development of the
Pannevis RB filter. The vacuum box is located under the
rubber belt on the outside edge. For larger width machines
(3m and 4.25 m wide) a box can be mounted on each side
of the belt. This offers a number of advantages over the
conventional rubber belt concept.
The vacuum box is easily accessible as it is on the
outside of the filter.
The box is stationary as access for maintenance and
cleaning is via removable panels on the box.
The vacuum box acts as the gas-liquid separator
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eliminating the need for separate vessels. Piping can also Pannevis RB-SV 50m filters on zinc plant
be fixed.
The overall height of the filter is reduced as there is no
requirement for space under the belt for lowering of the
vacuum box.
There are no holes in the centre of the rubber belt so it
can be reinforced across its total width thus increasing
belt life.
Type
Pannevis RB-SV
Filtration Width
1.60
3.00
4.25 *
6.0
10
20
Increment
20
40
40
m2
9.6
30
85
Increment
m2
3.2
8.5
m2
32
120
170
Overall Width
3.25
4.65
5.90
10,75/24.76
17,36/47.36
24,768/44.76
1,9
1,9
1,9
Weight, Min-Max
kg
8700/14700
13800/31800
24300/39300
kW
2,2 - 22
4 - 55
11 /90
sl/m hr
30/100
50/200
100/200
Seal Water
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Vacuum Tray
The vacuum tray has a U-shaped cross section and a module length
of 1.4 m. The 150 mm high sides prevent overflow of slurry and wash
liquid feed. Each module consists of two 0.7 m compartments, which
are combined separation, washing and drying sections of the required
length. The filter cloth is supported above the vacuum tray by removable
grids. Trays and grids are available in a wide range of materials to suit
various process conditions.
Vacuum Stroke
The vacuum is applied to the tray
and filtration takes place. The tray is
pulled by the cloth and hence, cloth
and tray move forward at the same
velocity. During normal operation the
belt speed velocity is between 1-6cm/s,
continuously discharging cake.
Return Stroke
At the end of the vacuum stroke, vacuum
is released and the tray vented. The
cloth keeps moving forward at constant
velocity whilst the tray is automatically
pulled back to its starting position.The
vacuum tray is then evacuated again
and the cycle is repeated. The trough
shaped vacuum tray supports the filter
cloth which moves at constant, but
variable speed.
Cloth Washing
To ensure a constant and optimum
filtration, the filter cloth is washed
continuously. In addition to the
standard wash box and acid
wash system can be provided if
required.
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Cake Washing
To ensure optimum washing results the wash liquids are
applied on the formed cake continuously. Depending on the
wash mode either special overflow weirs of spray bars are
selected to guarantee an even distribution over the width of
the filter.
Suspension Feed
The slurry is continuously fed to the filter
by means of a splash plate with feeding
points to guarantee a smooth cake of
constant thickness. Several alternative
systems are available in case the slurry
requires a special feeding system.
Control System
The filter functions continuously and is fully
automatic. The vacuum- and air intake
valves as well as the tray retraction are
pneumatically operated. The mechanical
operation of the filter is controlled by a
PLC system.
PanStreker TM
The PanStreker system consists of a pair of rollers
on either side of the filter cloth. When tracking is
required a pneumatic controller actuates the rollers
aligning the filter cloth to the centre of the filter.
The cloth is continuously tracked, tensioned
and kept in proper alignment, by the PanStreker
system, which prevents cloth creasing.
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Pannevis RT
Pannevis RT was the first and is still one of the most
successful tray type horizontal vacuum belt filter designs
in the market today. The Pannevis RT filter from Larox
has redefined belt filtration providing high productivity and
reliability in most applications. The filter handles various
process steps either alone or in combination including:
co-current washing, counter-current washing, mechanical
compression, vibration, and thermal drying.
Type
Pannevis RT
Filtration Width
0.575
1.15
1.60
2.10
2.8
4.2
4.2
7.0
9.8
Increment
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
9.8
11.2
11.2
14.0
16.8
m2
1.6
4.8
6.7
14.7
28.2
Increment
m2
0.8
1.6
2.2
2.9
4.0
m2
5.6
12.9
17.9
29.4
48.4
Overall Width
2.05
2.5
2.93
3.26
4.24
6.3-13.3
7.7-14.7
7.7-14.7
10.5-17.5
13.1-20.1
Overall Height
1.9
1.87
1.87
1.9
1.67
Weight, Min-Max
kg
1475-2925
2500-4400
2860-4900
6225-8250
12750-16325
kW
0.75
0.75
0.75 - 1.1
1.1 - 1.5
2.2 - 3
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Pannevis RT-GT
Pannevis GT gas-tight model from Larox operates with a recirculated inert atmosphere inside the filter housing to safely
handle solvent or flammable processes. With an installed
production base of over 120 filters, the Pannevis GT is the
acknowledged leader in this area. The Pannevis GT filter
can carry out all of the process steps possible on an open
RT filter and can also incorporate any of the mechanical or
thermal processes for improving cake solids, making it fully
suitable for multi-step processing.
Type
Pannevis RT-GT
Filtration Width
0.575
1.15
1.60
2.10
3.00
4.2
4.2
4.2
7.0
9.8
Increment
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
12.6
15.4
m2
2.4
4.8
6.7
14.7
29.4
Increment
m2
1.6
3.2
4.4
5.9
8.4
m2
5.6
11.3
15.6
26.5
46.2
Overall Width
1.74
2.75
3.35
3.85
4.75
8.0-13.6
8.0-13.6
8.0-13.6
10.8-16.4
13.6-19.2
Overall Height
1.9
2.4
2.8
2.8
2.8
Weight, Min-Max
kg
4700-7100
8000-13200
9950-15350
12500-18200
18300-25900
kW
0.75
0.75
0.75 - 1.1
3-4
2.2 - 3
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Laboratory Filters
Larox's laboratory pressure and vacuum filters simulate the
process at the clients production site on a smaller scale. All
process and cost benefits of the application are projected
with reliable test results that can be used for filter sizing.
Pilot Filters
Larox test engineers work closely with the clients personnel
to conduct test filtration for full-scale process evaluations
on site. Pilot units can be connected directly to the clients
filtration process. Larox has a range of pilot filters for
pressure, polishing, vacuum, and vacuum belt filtration to
meet all possible process requirements. Pilot testing typically
takes place after laboratory scale testing.
Test Reports
Larox testing produces dewatered solids and filtrate samples
using slurry obtained directly from the clients process. Larox
test reports indicate the most appropriate filter type and
potential process improvements. Testing can be conducted
at the Larox Research Centre or at the clients facilities.
Research
The Larox Research Center evaluates test results and
advises test engineers on the best methodology for each
process. The Research Center continuously updates the
testing equipment to ensure accurate results, and also
maintains the Larox Databank, a source of information on
over 10,000 filtration tests.
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Filter Automation
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Larox People
The Larox Group is built on the expertise, talent and skills of every employee. Many Larox employees have
worked in the mining and metallurgical industries and understand their needs. Worldwide, the Larox personnel pool
their experience and partner with Larox's clients to develop the optimal solution for their needs.
Further information on the Larox Group and its products, downloadable brochures, data sheets and application case studies are
available at www.larox.com and from your nearest Larox representative.
Larox Corporation
P.O. Box 29
53101 Lappeenranta, Finland
Phone +358 (5) 668 811
Fax
+358 (5) 668 8277
E-Mail info@larox.com
Internet www.larox.com
Representatives Sticker
Certified Quality System SFS, Certificate No 1398-02. Complies with the requirements of standard SFS-EN ISO 9001 Copyright 2005 Larox Corporation. All
rights reserved. Larox is a registered trademark of Larox Corporation.