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Fractional distillation
Passed over
Kr Xe
heated Cu to
Ar
Physical properties:
• These are colourless, odourless and tasteless gases.
• All these are monoatomic gases.
• Density melting point boiling points atomic weight and atomic radius increase down the group
with increase in atomic number.
• There are weak Vanderwaal's forces of attraction between the atoms.
• Vanderwaal's forces increase with the increase in size of the atoms.
• These elements have the highest ionization potentials in the periodic table due to stable
configuration.
• He has the highest ionization potential in the periodic table.
• Ionization potential decreases with the increase in atomic size down the group.
• These elements have 'zero' electron affinity due to the completely filled S and P orbitals.
• Heat of vaporisation increases from He to Rn.
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Structure of XeF4: F
F
• The hybridization of Xe is sp3d2. Xe is hybridized in it's 2nd excited
state. Xe
F F
5
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Oxides of xenon: F
• Xenon combines with oxygen to form XeO3 and XeO4.
F
• In XeO3, xenon is in + 6 oxidation state. It is hygroscopic and explosive.
Structure:
• Xe atom undergoes sp3 hybridization
• The three 'p' electrons are excited to vacant d - orbitals.
• Xe has 3 sigma bond pairs and 1 lone pair. Therefore shape of XeO3 is Xe
pyramidal and bond angle is decreased from 109°.281 to 103°.
• In XeO3, there are 3 σ bonds and 3π bonds.
• All the 3σ bonds involve sp3 - p overlapping.
• All the 3π bonds involve d - p overlapping.
• The bond angle decreases from 109°281 to 103o due to the lone pair bond pair repulsions.
• Xe is linked to each oxygen atom by a double bond.
Xenon tetraoxide XeO4:
• It is formed when sodium or barium perxenate is treated with conc. H2SO4 at room
temperature.
Na4XeO6 + 2H2SO4 →XeO4+2Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Ba2XeO6 + 2H2SO4 → XeO4 +2BaSO4 + 2H2O
• It is an unstable compound and readily dissociates into Xe and O2.
XeO4 →Xe+2O2
Structure:
• The hybridixation of Xe is sp3. The three 'P' electrons and one 'S'
electron are excited to vacant d - orbitals.
Xe
• It has regular tetrahedral shape and bond angle is 109°.
• Each oxygen atom is linked to Xe atom by a double bond.
• The molecule contains 4σ bonds and 4π bonds and there is no lone
6
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