05 - RN31555EN30GLA0 - Cell Selection and Reselection

Cell Selection & Reselection
Nokia Siemens Networks
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Module Objectives
At the end of the module you will be able to:

List the motivations for cell selection & reselection
Explain the meaning of Equivalent PLMN
Name the differences between access classes & cell access restrictions
Understand the cell Selection criterion S
Name the differences between cell selection with & without HCS
Explain the Ranking criterion R
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

Motivation; PLMN Search/Selection
Cell Status & Access Control
States & State Transitions in RRC Idle mode

Cell Selection; Selection S- & Ranking R-Criterion
Cell Selection Criterion S
HCS
Cell Reselection without HCS
Cell Reselection with HCS
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Cell Selection & Reselection: Motivation

Four different reasons for camping on a cell in the RRC idle mode are identified in TS 25.304:
1. The UE is capable to read the System Information, which is broadcasted on the BCCH (P-CCPCH).
Hereby, the UE gains also information of the Serving PLMN.
2. If access to the current cell is not barred, then the UE can use the cell to initiate an RRC (signalling)
connection.
3.
The Access Network is accessed by common control channels (CCCH on PRACH).

Initial access is done to register the UE at the network.
Other reasons for accessing the network is to request transmission resources for user data transfer.
If the UE is registered, and there is a MTC, the serving core network elements know the Location
Area and/or Routing Area, in which the UE is camping.
4.
Paging is done with the PCH (on S-CCPCH).

The UE receives the paging message, because it is monitors all paging occasions on the paging resources
of its paging class within the cell.
The UE can receive cell broadcast service CBS messages.

UE camping on a cell
in RRC Idle Mode can:
UE
read System Information

initiate RRC connections
getting paged MTC
receive Cell Broadcast Service messages
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Network

NAS control
indication
to user
radio
measurements
CM requests
manual mode
PLMN
selected
cell selection
& reselection
PLMN selection
& reselection
Registration
Area changes
Location
Registration
PLMN
available
Location Registration
response
automatic mode
RRC tasks:
if the UE is in the
RRC idle mode

TS 25.304:
Idle mode tasks
subdivided into 3 processes:
PLMN selection &

reselection
Cell selection &

reselection
Location Registration LR
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
if the UE is in the
RRC connected mode

states:
CELL_FACH,
CELL_PCH &
URA_PCH
TS 25.304: UE procedures in idle mode

The UE tries to find a suitable cell to camp on.
With a suitable cell, all network services are available.
If it is unable to find such a cell, it attempts to camp on any non-barred cell.
It enters an internal "limited service" state. In this state, only emergency calls can be carried out.
The same state is given, when no USIM was inserted in the UE or the Location Registration failed.
The UE is also responsible for cell reselection in the RRC connected mode states CELL_FACH,
CELL_PCH & URA_PCH.
The purpose of camping on a cell are the same as in the RRC idle mode with the exception of
RRC connection establishment (because the RRC connection already exists).
The Cell Reselection procedure is the same in the RRC idle & RRC connected mode.
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
PLMN search
The UE shall scan all RF channels in the UTRA bands* to find available PLMNs.
On each carrier, the UE shall search for the strongest cell and read its system information, in order to find out
which PLMN the cell belongs to.
If the UE can read the PLMN identity, the found PLMN shall be reported to the NAS as a high quality PLMN
(but without the RSCP value), provided that the following high quality criterion is fulfilled:
For an FDD cell, the measured primary CPICH RSCP value shall be greater than or equal to -95 dBm.
Found PLMNs that do not satisfy the high quality criterion, but for which the UE has been able to read
the PLMN identities are reported to the NAS together with the CPICH RSCP value for UTRA FDD
cells.
The search for PLMNs on the rest of the carriers may be stopped on request of the NAS. The UE may
optimise this search by using stored information of carrier frequencies and optionally also information
on cell parameters, e.g. scrambling codes, from previously received measurement control information
elements.
For a GSM cell, a PLMN shall be understood to be received with high quality signal if the signal level
is above -85 dBm.
Once the UE has selected a PLMN, the cell selection procedure shall be performed in order to select
a suitable cell of that PLMN to camp on.
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
* according to its capabilities
PLMN search
High quality
PLMNs
Other found
PLMNs
PLMN Id
PLMN Id
+ RSCP/RSSI
UE NAS
UE AS
UTRA:
GSM:
If RSCP > -95 dBm
If RSSI > -85 dBm
Search PLMNs
TS 25.304 & TS 43.022

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3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
RSCP: Received Signal Code Power

RSSI: Received Signal Strength Indicator
PLMN Selection
For PLMN selection, 2 modes of operations were specified:
Automatic mode
The UE detects available networks. It utilises a list of PLMNs, which names PLMNs in a priority order. The PLMN
with the highest priority, which is available & which the UE is allowed to select is chosen for network registration.
Manual mode
The UE scans the radio interface and indicates to the user available PLMNs. The UE attempts to register with the
subscriber selected network. If the subscriber does not select a (suitable) network, then the UE only offers limited
services, i.e. emergency calls.
Following data fields are stored on the 3G USIM or ME, playing a major role in the automatic PLMN
selection process:
IMSI: The MCC & MNC of the IMSI identify the HPLMN (stored on USIM)
The last PLMN including RAT to which the UE was registered to (stored on ME)
A PLMN list including RATs as preferred by the subscriber (stored on USIM)
A PLMN list including RATs as preferred by the operator (stored on USIM)
The list of equivalent PLMNs which were received in last registration (stored on ME)
HPLMN search period timer (stored on USIM)
A list of PLMN identifiers associated with an access technology is listed on the USIM in a priority order.
If there is a PLMN identifier allowing more than one access technology, it is up to the UE implementation
to determine the preferred access technology.
Not only international roaming is possible, but also national roaming.
Several national regulation authority enforced national roaming of UMTS subscribers in existing GSM networks in
order to grant a higher coverage to UMTS subscribers.
If national roaming is allowed, the UMTS operator wants to avoid unnecessary roaming fees.
In this case the UE must periodically search for the HPLMN. The HPLMN Search Period timer is used for that.
HPLMN Search Period timer can be set in a way, that no periodic search attempts are conducted.
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3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
PLMN Selection
Switch on
in automatic PLMN selection operation mode
Last registered
PLMN
Home PLMN
other PLMNs in
decreasing signal
quality order
User controlled
PLMN list
Operator controlled
PLMN list
HPLMN Search Period Timer
6 .. 480 min; Default: 60 min
other high quality

PLMNs in random
order
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3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011


HCS
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3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Cell Reservations and Cell Restrictions

If the operator wants to restrict access to a cell or to set set cell reservations. 2 methods are identified:
1) Cell status and special reservations:
This method is applied to control the cell selection and reselection process. It informs the UE, if a cell is
suitable for cell selection and re-selection.
2) Access control:
In this method, a cell can be selected in the cell selection & re-selection process. But a UE is not
allowed to send an initial access message to the access network.
This method is normally applied for load control reasons.
The subscribers access class(es) are determined on cell basis from the IMSI and parameters,
broadcasted on the BCCH. The subscribers access class(es) is (are) stored on the USIM.
Cell status and special reservations

Acceptable cell: cell, which offers limited services (i.e. the origination of an emergency call) to the subscriber.
Suitable cell: cell, where the full service set can be offered to the subscriber. This cell must fulfil a set of
requirements, such as being part of the selected PLMN. It must also fulfil the cell selection criterion S, which is
covered later on in this chapter.
Barred cell: cell, where the UE is not allowed to camp on.
Reserved cell: cell, where "ordinary UEs are not allowed to camp on.
The IE Cell Access Restriction is used to indicated cell status and cell reservations.
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3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Cell status & special reservations

BCCH SIB3/4: Cell Access Restriction
Cell status &

special reservations:
Access Control
Cell
- acceptable (limited services*)
- suitable (full service set)
- barred
- reserved#
Access Class barred:

(UE access classes 0..9 and
11..15)
* e.g. Emergency Call (Access Class = 10) in Network w/o Roaming Agreement
# e.g. for operator use
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3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

1) Cell status and special reservations
The UE must read following 3 information elements in the IE Cell Access Restriction in order to
learn cells status & cells reservations:
cell barred
cell reserved for operator use, and
cell reserved for future extensions.
4 cases can be distinguished:
Case 1: The cell is suitable for selection & re-selection both in the RRC idle mode & RRC
connected mode.
Case 2: The UE behaves as if cell status "barred" is indicated.
Case 3: If a UE is in the HPLMN & assigned to access class 11 or 15, then it is allowed to select
& re-select this sell. If it belongs to another access class, it behaves as if the cell status is
barred.
Case 4: The UE is not allowed to select & re-select this cell. Not even emergency calls are
allowed. In the IE Cell Access Restriction an IE "Intra-frequency cell re-selection indicator" can be
used to inform the UE, whether is has to re-select a cell on the same or on a different frequency
band, if the cell selection and re-selection criteria are fulfilled.
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3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

suitable for selection &
reselection
Cell barred
UE reads from
IE Cell Access Restriction
Case
Cell Barred
Cell reserved
for operator
Cell reserved
for future extension
not barred
not reserved
not reserved
not barred
not reserved
reserved
not barred
reserved
---
barred
---
---
suitable for AC 11 or 15 in HPLMN

otherwise barred
Cell Barred
WCEL; 0 (Barred),
1 (Not Barred)
15
Not suitable not even for

emergency call
Tbarred
Cell Reserved
if cell after Tbarred still best,

check again wether barred
for operator use
IntraFreq_Cell_Reselect_Ind
WCEL; 0 (reserved),
1 (Not reserved)
Intra-freq. Cell reselection allowed

when cell barred?
WCEL; 0 (allowed), 1 (Not allowed)
WCEL; 10, 20, 40, 80,

160,3G320,
1280
s / AA / 03_2011
RPLS640,
(RN 3155)
/ RU30
Access Control
2) Access Control
Access Control is normally used to for load reasons. It limits the access on the common control channels.
Access class restrictions are broadcasted via the BCCH
In the cell selection and re-selection process, the UE ignores cell access restrictions.
A change of the access class while the UE is camping on the cell, is not triggering a cell re-selection by the UE.
If the UE is in the RRC idle state, it checks access class restrictions before it sends an RRC CONNECTION
REQUEST message.
If the UE is already in the RRC connected state, there are no access class restrictions valid for the UE.
Access class restrictions do also not apply, if the UE must enter the RRC connected mode after an Inter-RAT
cell re-selection to UTRAN.
3) Emergency Call
Access class restrictions for emergency calls can be imposed by the operator. The UEs get informed by
emergency call access class restrictions, when read on the IE Access class barred list:
Access classes 0 to 9 are barred
This is the case, when access class 10 is barred in the above mentioned IE. This includes also UEs
with no USIM (no IMSI).
Access class 11 to 15 are barred
UE of access class 11 to 15 is not allowed to initiated an emergency call, when in the above IE access
class 10 is barred and its own class (11 to 15). Otherwise, emergency calls are allowed for these phones.
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3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Access Control
Access Class
irrelevant
for access
suitable cell
suitable cell
UE RRC connected
I ignore all Access
Class related cell
access restrictions
when selecting a cell
to camp on
Access Control normally

used for load reasons:
Overload Control feature
UE RRC Idle
Access Class only

relevant for access
(from RRC IDLE)
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HCS
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3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
States and State Transition in the RRC Idle Mode

Cell Selection Process
The NAS protocol layers in the UE are responsible for PLMN selection.
When a PLMN has been selected, the lower layers are responsible to find a cell of this PLMN which is suitable
to camp on.
So how far is the Non-Access Stratum controlling the cell selection process?
It provides information about the RAT(s), which are associated with the selected PLMN.
It holds a list of PLMNs, which are equivalent to the selected PLMN. Please note, that many operators
with 2 access technologies identify the CN with different network identifiers. But they can support an
inter-RAT Handover between the 2 networks (which is physically only one).
It holds a list of forbidden Registration Areas.
The Access Stratum (AS) manages the interaction between the UE and the RAT. Among others,
it is responsible to find a suitable cell, on which the UE can camp on.
As soon as the AS has found a suitable cell, it commands the UE to camp on this cell.
It informs the higher layer NAS protocols about this, so that these can start the registration procedure. If
the UE was successfully registered with the serving CN elements, the UE enters the internal state
Camped normally .
If the UE is not capable to find a suitable cell to camp on within the selected PLMN, it enters the internal
state Any cell selection.
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3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
CN: Core Network

NAS: Non-Access Stratum
RAT: Radio Access Technology

Cell Selection Process
UE
NAS:
PLMN
selection
AS:
attempts
to find
suitable
cells
20
CN
NAS controls
RAT(s) information associated with the selected PLMN
forbidden registration areas
list of equivalent PLMNs
AS controls
correspondent
procedures
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
YES
suitable
cell
found
NO
camped
normally
all network
services available
limited services
camped
on any* cell e.g. Emergency Call
* acceptable cell

The UE receives from the System Information (on the P-CCPCH) a wide range of PLMN and cell
relevant information.
If initial registration was done successfully, it can also receive paging information on one of the SCCPCHs and initiate a MOC setup on behalf of the NAS.
The AS must inform the NAS about relevant changes in the system information after the cell selection
and re-selection process. For instance, the UE may have entered a new routing area after a cell
reselection, which enforces the UEs NAS to start the Routing Area Update procedure.
Cell re-selection may be based on different measurement methods in the RRC idle & RRC connected
mode.
In the RRC idle mode, 3 different UE states can be identified:
Camped normally state
When a UE camps normally on a cell, all network services are available to the phone.
The UE is responsible to perform a Cell reselection evaluation process to determine, whether there is a
better cell to camp on. If so, a cell reselection takes place.
It can also happen, that the UE does not find a suitable cell (any more). This is the case, when the
subscriber is leaving the mobile communication supply area. If this happens, the UE enters the internal
state Any cell selection, where it attempts to find at least a cell, where limited network services (e.g.
emergency calls) are available.
The UE also enters the Any cell selection state, when the NAS registration procedure failed. When the UE
attempts to access the cell, it leaves the Camped normally state and enters the Connected mode state.
(continued on the next text slide)

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3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

go here whenever
a new PLMN
is selected
cell information
stored for the PLMN
Stored
Information
Cell Selection
no cell information
stored for the PLMN
Initial
Cell Selection
no suitable cell found
no suitable
cell found
suitable cell found
Cell Selection
when leaving
connected
mode
return to
idle mode
suitable
cell found
leave
idle mode
(adopted from TS 25.304)

Camped
normally
trigger
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
NAS
registration
rejected
suitable
cell selected
Cell
Reselection
Evaluation
Process
Connected
Mode
22
suitable cell found
no suitable
cell found
no
suitable
cell
found

Any cell selection state
In this state, the UE tries to find an acceptable cell.
That means, it attempts to offer to the subscriber at least limited services the emergency call.
Consequently, in this state, the cell search is done without regard of the PLMN identity.
The UE also looks for an acceptable cell in every RAT, it supports.
The UE stays in this state till it has finally found an acceptable or suitable cell to camp on.
The UE (AS) informs the NAS about it.
The UE enters also this state, if a NAS registration failed.
Camped on any cell State
Only limited services the mobile originated emergency call are offered to the subscriber.
The UE is responsible to perform a Cell reselection evaluation process to determine, whether
there is a better cell to camp on. If so, a cell reselection takes place.
It also regularly tries to find a suitable cell.
Hereby it evaluates all RATs it is capable to support.
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3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

go here when no USIM in the UE
Any Cell
Selection
USIM inserted
no acceptable cell found

an acceptable cell found
Cell Selection
when leaving
connected
mode
return to
idle mode
acceptable
cell found
leave
idle mode
Connected
Mode
(Emergency
calls only)
(adopted from TS 25.304)

24
Camped on
Any Cell
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
suitable
cell found
acceptable
trigger
cell selected
Cell
Reselection
Evaluation
Process
no acceptable
cell found


HCS
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3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

Cells, which are suitable for (initial) cell selection & reselection (so that the UE can camp on them) are
determined by the UE based on the cell selection criterion S.
It is fulfilled, when Srxlev > 0 AND Squal > 0
in the FDD mode, and
Srxlev > 0
in the TDD mode.
Squal delivers the cell Selection quality value (dB):
The UE determines it according to this formulary: Squal = Qqualmeas Qqualmin
The UE measures the received signal quality Qqualmeas of the cell. It is based on CPICH Ec/N0 (dB) for FDD
cells. (CPICH Ec/N0 is averaged.)
A cell is not suitable for cell selection & re-selection, if the measured received signal quality level is below
Qqualmin.
Srxlev (db) stands for the cell selection receive level value:
UE determines: Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - Qrxlevmin Pcompensation
Qrxlevmeas is the cell RX level measured by the UE, based on the CPICH RSCP for FDD cells, and the averaged
received signal level for GSM cells. (All values get averaged!)
Qrxlevmin is set by the operator as min. required RX level in the cell, which is sent to the UE via the BCCH.
If the UE determines the cells RX level value Qrxlevmeas and Qrxlevmin calculated the Srxlev accordingly, it may have
good RX level which means, that a good DL connection can be established.
But the UEs own output power capability has to be taken under consideration. This is done with
Pcompensation = max(UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH P_MAX, 0) (dB)
In order to access a cell, the UE has to use the common channel PRACH.
The operator determines the max. cell radius by limiting the maximum TX power level, a UE can use on the PRACH.
This is the UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH (dBm).
UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH can range according to the specifications - between 50 dBm and 33 dBm.
On the other hand, there is the UEs max. RF output power, given by P_MAX (dBm).
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3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Cell Selection Criterion S (in the FDD mode)
Squal > 0
Qqualmeas (dB)
(CPICH Ec/N0)
S-Criterion
fulfilled:
Squal >0 AND
Srxlev > 0
QqualMin
-24...0; 1; -18 dB
SIB 11/12
Squal =
CPICH Ec/No
QqualMin
Qrxlevmeas (dBm)
CPICH RSCP
Qrxlevmin
Pcompensation
Srxlev =
Qrxlevmeas
Qrxlevmin
Pcompensation
27
suitable
cell?
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Srxlev > 0
AdjsQrxlevmin
-115...-25; 2; -115 dBm
SIB 11/12

Cell size defining parameters:
Qrxlevmin
Qqualmin
Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas Qrxlevmin Pcompensation
I am
outsid
e
I am inside,
but have not
enough
power
AdjsQrxlevmin:
-50 .. 33 dBm
Pcompensation
= max(UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH P_MAX, 0)
28
UEtxPowerMaxPRACH
WCEL; -50..33 dBm; 0.1; 21 dBm
SIB3/4
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
WCEL; -115...-25; 2; -115 dBm
(Initial) Cell Selection Process

There exist two cell selection procedures:
Initial Cell Selection
The UE has to find a suitable cell of the PLMN, which was selected by the NAS.
To do so, the UE scans all radio frequency carriers of UTRA. Hereby, the UE focuses its cell
search to the strongest cell on each carriers.
As soon as the UE has found a suitable cell, it selects it.
In contrast to the initial cell selection procedure stored information cell selection, this procedure
does not require knowledge in advance, which of the scanned radio frequency bands holds UTRA
carriers.
Stored Information Cell Selection
To speed up the cell selection process for instance, when the UE is switched on again
information about UTRA carriers, even cell parameters such as cell scrambling codes can be
stored in the UE.
The UE uses this information to find a suitable cell of the PLMN, which was selected by the NAS.
If the cell selection based on stored information in the UE fails e.g. the selected PLMN cannot
be found the UE continues the cell selection process based on the Initial Cell Selection
procedure.
Both for Initial Cell Selection and Stored Information Cell Selection, a cell is only suitable for the UE to
camp on, if it fulfils the cell selection criterion S:
Srxlev > 0 AND Squal > 0 in the FDD mode, and
Srxlev > 0
in the TDD mode.
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(Initial) Cell Selection Process

Once a suitable cell is found this cell is selected
Squal = Qqualmeas Qqualmin > 0
Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas Qrxlevmin Pcompensation > 0
Initial Cell Selection

(scan RF channel)
or
Stored Information
Cell Selection
carrier, even Scr.Code may be
stored in UE
I have to find
a suitable
cell
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Cell Selection When Leaving the RRC Connected Mode

The subscriber just has terminated a call, i.e. the UE was in the RRC connected mode, dropping back
into the RRC idle mode.
Which cell is then a candidate cell for the UE to camp on?
Candidate cells are the ones, the UE was connected immediately before call termination.
But these cells must be suitable cells.
If none of these cells are suitable or fulfils the criterion S - , the UE starts the Stored
Information Cell Selection procedure.
There is a difference, when the UE returns to the RRC idle mode after an emergency call on any
PLMN.
Here, candidate cells to be selected to camp on are cells, to which the UE was connected to
immediately before it terminated the emergency calls.
These cells have to be only acceptable cells.
But if none of these cells are acceptable, the UE has to start looking for acceptable cells, while it
is in the internal state Any cell selection.
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Cell Selection When Leaving the RRC Connected Mode

Active Set cells as candidates for
cell selections; if not suitable, then
stored information cell selection
Squal > 0
Srxlev > 0
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Cell Reselection in the RRC Idle and RRC Connected Mode

As soon as a UE camps on a cell, it must periodically look for a better cell to camp on.
But what is a better cell?
On the BCCH, parameters for cell reselection are broadcast. If a cell meets the cell selection criteria of these
parameters, it is a better cell to camp on. The cell re-selection may result in the change of the UTRA carrier or
even the RAT.
If the UE camps normally on a cell, it is responsible to

monitor the BCCH and to obtain the system information;
listen to its paging channel and its paging channel resource;
perform serving cell measurements periodically;
perform neighbouring cell measurements as far as this is required by the cell re-selection evaluation procedure;
conduct the cell re-selection evaluation procedure, when BCCH information has changed or internal threshold
measures indicate it.;
execute a cell reselection, if a better cell has been found after the cell re-selection evaluation process;
Move the UE to the internal state Any cell selection, if no suitable cell can be found.
The UE performs its measurements based on the BCCH.

The BCCH also delivers the neighbourhood list to the UE. Given this information, the UE decides,
on which RATs and frequency bands it has to perform its measurements
which cells are candidate cells for measurements within one frequency band and RAT (HCS), and
ranks the cells to determine the best suitable cell for cell reselection.
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HCS
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Cell Reselection in the RRC Idle and RRC Connected Mode

HCS in use:
HCS not in use:
measurement
thresholds
measurement
thresholds
S-Criterion
fulfilled
S-Criterion
fulfilled
H-Criterion
for fast
moving UEs
cells with
lower HCS
priority than
in serving cell
R-Criterion
cell ranking
35
for slow
moving UEs
if no Cell
cells with
highest HCS with H>0
accept all
Priorities &
neighbours
H>0
R-Criterion
cell ranking
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
R-Criterion
cell ranking
Hierarchical Cell Structures HCS

The radio access network may be designed using hierarchical cell structures.
Numbers in the picture describe different layers in the hierarchy.
The highest hierarchical layer, i.e. typically smallest cell size, has the higher priority
(number 3 in the figure).
The HCS priority of each cell is given in system information
Normally, different layers are created using different frequencies.
However, in some scenarios, different layers can use the same frequency.
Different frequencies can also be used on the same hierarchical layer e.g. in order to cope with
high load in the system.
In order to cope with UEs travelling fast through smaller cells (e.g. through micro or pico
cells), the cell reselection procedure can be performed towards bigger cells on lower
priority layers e.g. to macro cells so as to avoid unnecessary cell reselections.
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Hierarchical Cell Structures HCS

Priority
3
3
3
1
2
3
3
3
2
Typical:
smallest cell highest HCS priority
different layer different frequency
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HCS
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Cell reselection without HCS

Normal re-selection process (without HCS) follows simplified procedure
Measurement criteria w/o HCS
S-criteria
R-criteria
Neighbour list
from BCCH
Measurement criteria
Measured
neighbours
S criteria
Suitable
neighbours
R criteria
UseOfHCS
Best ranked cell
WCEL;
0: HCS not used;
1: HCS in use
SIB 11/12
39
Cell Re-selection
if not serving cell
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Cell Reselection (w/o HCS): Measurement Rules

As part of the network planning process, the operator has to determine the threshold values, which
trigger the cell re-selection process by the UE.
The operator has also to decide, whether to use the HCS. The BCCH is used to inform the UE about
the use of HCS.
If HCS is not used, the UEs measurements are based on following rules, which can be found in the
specification TS 25.304 (replace Sx by Squal for FDD cells and by Srxlev for TDD):
Intra-Frequency measurement threshold Sintrasearch
If this parameter is not sent in the serving cell, the UE must always perform intra-frequency measurements. If it
is transmitted and Sx > Sintrasearch, the UE does not perform intra-frequency measurements. If Sx <= Sintrasearch,
it performs intra-frequency measurements.
Inter-Frequency measurement threshold Sintersearch

If this parameter is not sent in the serving cell, the UE must always perform inter-frequency measurements. If it
is transmitted and Sx <= Sintersearch, it must perform inter-frequency measurements, but if Sx > Sintersearch, there
is no need to perform this type of measurement.
Inter-RAT measurement threshold SsearchRAT m

If this parameter is not sent in the serving cell, the UE must always perform inter-system measurements. If it is
transmitted and Sx > SsearchRAT m, it wont conduct measurements on cells of radio access technology m. But if
Sx <= SsearchRAT m, it has to do these measurements.
Sintrasearch, Sintersearch, and SsearchRAT m can get integer values ranging from 32 to 20 (step size 2) in
the FDD mode. Negative values are set to 0 by the UE.
40
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Cell Reselection: Measurement Rules

Sintersearch Sintrasearch
SsearchRAT m
Intrafrequency,
Interfreqency,
Inter-RAT
EC/N0 =
Inter-frequency
-14 dB
Example: NSN
Qqualmin = -18 dB,
41
Intra-frequency,
-10 dB
SintraSearch:
WCEL; 0...20; 2; 10 dB
Sintrasearch = 10dB,
Sintersearch = 8dB,
SinterSearch:
WCEL; 0...20; 2; 8 dB
Ssearch_RAT = 4dB
Ssearch_RAT:
WCEL; 0...20; 2; 4 dB
Intrafrequency
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Sx=Squal (in FDD mode)
no need to
measure
neighbour
cells
Squal =
CPICH Ec/No
- qQualMin
-8 dB
When to perform
measurements
QqualMin:
WCEL; -24...0; 1; -18 dB
serving cell
Cell Reselection: R-Criterion

After checking the measurement thresholds, the UE has detected suitable cells to camp on.
Now it has to select the best of the remaining candidate cells for cell re-selection.
For that, a cell-ranking criterion R was specified:
Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhysts
(for the serving cell)
Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n
(for candidate neighbouring cells for cell reselection)
The serving cell and the remaining candidate cells are ranked according to criterion R.
The cell ranked with the highest value R is the best cell for the UE to camp on.
Qhysts gives a hysteresis value to make the serving cell more attractive and thus delay the cell reselection. It exists in two versions:
If the quality measure is based on CPICH Ec/No, Qhyst2s is used in (FDD cell only); otherwise
the hysteresis value Qhyst1s is used (if the quality measure for FDD cells is based on CPICH
RSCP, for TDD cells and GSM cells).
It ranges between 0 and 40 (step size 2).
The value Qoffset is an offset given for each individual neighbouring cell, which ranges between 50
and 50 dB, with default set to 0.
Qoffset2 when Ec/No is used
Qoffset1 when RSCP is use
42
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Cell Reselection: R-Criterion

If a neighbouring cell was ranked with the highest value R, will the UE start the cell re-selection?
If it is a GSM or TDD cell, then the UE performs the cell re-selection process to this cell.
If it is an FDD cell, it depends on the used quality measure.
There are 2 options: CPICH RSCP or CPICH Ec/No.

The UE learns from the system information, which quality measure to use.
If the quality measure CPICH RSCP is used, the UE perform the cell re-selection.
If the quality measure Ec/No is used, the UE has to make a second ranking; it performs cell re-selection to
the FDD cell, which is ranked best in the second ranking process.
Is the cell re-selection initiated immediately after the UE ranks a neighbouring cell to be the best?
If so, we could face a ping-pong effect a UE often performing cell reselection between two neighbouring cells.
To avoid this, the operator uses the time interval value Treselection, (value: 0 - 31 s).
Only when a cell was ranked Treselection seconds better then the serving cell, a cell reselection takes place.
Additionally, a UE must camp at least 1 s on a serving cell, before the next cell re-selection may take place.
How often are the cell re-selection criteria evaluated?

This is done at least once every DRX cycle for cells, for which new measurement results are available.
43
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Cell Reselection (w/o HCS): R-Criterion

Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n
Rn > Rs Cell Reselection

WCDMA & GSM cells;
Qmeas
RxLev: 1st Ranking

Qmeas,n
Adjg,s,iQoffset1
Rn
HOPx; -50.. 50; 1; 0 dB
Qmeas,s
Qhysts
Qhyst1
Treselection:
WCEL; 0.. 40; 2; 0 dB
Time Neighbour cell must be

ranked better before Reselection
WCELL; 0..31; 1; 2s
Rs
Qoffsets,n
Treselection
Qmeas = Ec/No or RSCP
Ec/No Qhyst2
RSCP Qhyst1
Rs / Rn: Serving / Neighbouring cell value
44
FDD cells & Ec/No:

2nd Ranking
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
AdjisQoffset2
Qhyst2
HOPS; -50.. 50; 1; 0 dB
WCEL; 0.. 40; 2; 2 dB


HCS
45
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Cell reselection with HCS

Normal re-selection process (without HCS) follows procedure
Measurement criteria without HCS
S-criteria
UseOfHCS
WCEL;
0: HCS not used;
1: HCS in use
SIB 11/12
H-criteria
R-criteria
HCS specific H-criteria defines whether priorities are applied in re-selection
46
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
UseOfHCS
Cell reselection with HCS

Neighbour list
from BCCH
Measurement criteria
with HCS
WCEL;
0: HCS not used;
1: HCS in use
SIB 11/12
Measured
neighbours
S criteria
Suitable
neighbours
H criteria
Neighbours
to rank
R criteria
Best ranked cell

Re-selection if not serving cell
47
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
* Adjg,i,sHCSpriority
HCS_PRIO*
0 (lowest)..
7(highest); step: 1
SIB 11/12
Prioritized
neighbours
Cell Reselection with HCS: Measurement Rules

The UE gains from the BCCH system information, that HCS is used. Then the UE knows, that it has to perform
following threshold based measurements rules (replace Sx by Squal for FDD cells and by Srxlev for TDD cells):
intra-frequency & inter-frequency threshold based measurement rule :
IF (Srxlevs SsearchHCS) OR (if FDD AND Sx Sintersearch)
THEN measure on all intra-frequency & inter-frequency cells
ELSE
IF (Sx > Sintrasearch)
THEN measure on all intra-frequency & inter-frequency cells, which have higher
HCS priority level than the serving cell unless measurement rules for fastmoving UEs are triggered
ELSE measure on all intra-frequency and inter-frequency cells, which have equal
or higher HCS priority level than the serving cell unless measurement rules
for fast-moving UEs are triggered
ENDIF
ENDIF
(cited from TS25.304 V3.11.0, chap 5.2.6.1.2)
If HCS is used and if Sintrasearch or SsearchHCS or Sintersearch (in FDD) are not sent for the serving cell, UE performs
measurements on all intra-frequency and inter-frequency cells. SsearchHCS can get integer values ranging from -1 to
91 (step size 2) in the FDD mode. Negative values are set to 0 by the UE.
48
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

if Srxlevs > SsearchHCS
BCCH SI: HCS used
(i.e. RSCP > - 115 dBm)
Sx = Squal (in FDD mode)
Sintersearch
SsearchRAT m
EC/N0 =
-14 dB
Sintrasearch
-8 dB
-10 dB
search
Equal &
higher HCS
priority
Intra- & InterFrequency
search ALL
Intra- &
Inter- Frequency
search
higher HCS
priority
Intra- &
Inter- Frequency
Srxlev =
Qrxlevmeas
Qrxlevmin
Qrxlevmin:
WCEL; -119...-25;
2; -115 dBm
SIB 11/12
if Srxlevs SsearchHCS OR Squal Sintersearch
if Srxlevs SsearchHCS
(i.e. RSCP < - 115 dBm):
search ALL
Intra- & Inter-frequency cells
49
Squal =
CPICH Ec/No
- QqualMin
SsearchHCS
WCEL; -1..91; def.: -1 dB*
SIB3
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Example: NSN
Sintrasearch = 10 dB,
Sintersearch = 8 dB,
Ssearch_RAT = 4 dB,
SsearchHCS = -1 dB
*negative values are set to 0 by UE
QqualMin:
WCEL; -24...0;
1; -18 dB
SIB 11/12

HCS is used in the serving cell, what kind of inter-RAT measurements are conducted?
(replace Sx by Squal for FDD cells and bySrxlev for TDD cells):
Inter-RAT threshold-based measurement rules
IF (Srxlevs <= SHCS,RATm) or (if FDD and Squal <= SSearchRATm)
THEN UE shall measure on all inter-RAT m cells
ELSE
IF (Sx > Slimit,SearchRATm)
THEN UE need not measure neighbouring cells in RAT m
ELSE UE shall measure on all neighbouring cells in RAT m, which have equal or
higher HCS priority level than the serving cell unless measurement rules for
fast-moving UEs are triggered
ENDIF
ENDIF
(cited from TS25.304 V3.11.0, chap 5.2.6.1.2)
If HCS is used and if SHCS,RATm is not sent for the serving cell, UE performs measurements on all InterRATm cells.
50
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

HCS;
Inter-RAT measurements?
if Srxlevs > SHCS,RATm

(i.e. RSCP > - 115 dBm)
SsearchRAT m
EC/N0 =
Sx = Squal
(in FDD mode)
Slimit_searchRAT m Sintersearch S
intrasearch
-16 dB
-14 dB
search
search ALL
Intra- &
InterFrequency +
Inter-RAT
Intra- &
Interfrequency &
Equal &
higher HCS
priority InterRAT
search
search all
Intra- &
InterFrequency
Ssearch_RAT:
Slimit_SearchRAT#
WCEL; 0...20; 2; 4 dB
WCEL; 0..20; 2; 2 dB
Equal &
higher HCS
priority
(i.e. RSCP > - 115 dBm):
higher HCS
priority
Example: NSN
Sintrasearch = 10 dB,
SIB3
if Srxlevs SHCS_RATm
search
Srxlev =
Qrxlevmeas
Qrxlevmin
Qrxlevmin:
WCEL; -119...-25;
2; -115 dBm
SIB 11/12
Squal =
CPICH Ec/No
- QqualMin
Sintersearch = 8 dB,
Ssearch_RAT = 4 dB,
SHCS_RAT
-1..91; 2; -1 dB*
SIB3
Slimit, searchRAT = 2 dB,

SsearchHCS = -1dB,
search ALL Inter-RAT cells
QqualMin:
WCEL; -24...0;
1; -18 dB
SIB 11/12
SHCS_RAT = -1dB
* negative values are set to 0 by UE
51
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
# Threshold
for skipping inter-RAT measurement rules in HCS
Measurement Rules with HCS & fast moving UEs

HCS is introduced, so that slow moving UEs are served in cells with high priority, which have often a
small radius (micro or pico cells). On the other hand, fast moving UEs should remain on cells with
low priority, which often have a large cell radius (macro cells). By doing so, too many re-selection
shall be avoided. For fast moving UEs, following intra-frequency, inter-frequency & inter-RAT
measurement rules apply:
NCR is a threshold value for the number of cell re-selections.
TCRmax is a time period.
If there are more than NCR cell reselections during TCRmax, then high-mobility has been detected (UE).
In this state, the UE measures on all neighbouring cells, which have equal or lower HCS priority than serving
cell. Candidate cells for re-selections fulfil the S-criterion. If there are several candidates for cell re-selection,
the UE prioritises re-selection neighbouring cells on lower HCS priority level before neighbouring cells on
same HCS priority level.
What happens, if the number of cell re-selections no longer exceeds NCR during the time period
TCRmax?
Then, for the time period TCrmaxHyst, the high speed cell re-selection rule is applied.
Afterwards, the UE must apply the normal (low speed) threshold based measurement rules for HCS.
According to the specifications, following parameter values are possible:

TCRmax: Enumerated (not used, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240), in seconds. Default value is set to 60s.
NCR : is an integer value ranging from 1 to 16. Default value is 8.
TCrmaxHyst : Enumerated (not used, 10,20, 30, 40,50, 60, 70), in seconds. Default: not used.
52
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Measurement Rules: HCS & fast moving UEs

NCr: WCEL; 1..16; 1; 8; SIB3
TCrmax: WCEL; not used, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 s; 60s; SIB3
TCrmaxhyst: WCEL; not used; 10..70; 10; SIB3
NCR/TCRmax
time
measurement rules for
slow moving UEs
fast moving UE
TCrmaxHyst
measurement rule for fast moving UEs

NCR = cell reselections threshold
TCRmax = duration for evaluating the # of cell reselections
TCrmaxhyst: Cell reselection hysteresis for reverting
from UE high-mobility measurements
measures neighbouring cells with

53
equal
or 3155)
lower
priority
3G RPLS (RN
/ RU30HCS
/ AA / 03_2011
measurement rules for

slow moving UEs
priorizes cells with lower

HCS priority for re-selection
Cell Reselection: H-Criterion (slow moving UE)

HCS is in use. Which cells are potential candidates for cell re-selection?
Here, we use the quality level threshold criterion H.
It is applied for all neighbouring cells, i.e. Intra-frequency cells, Inter-frequency cells & Inter-RAT cells.
H values are defined for the serving & neighbouring cells:
Hs = Qmeas,s Qhcss
Hn = Qmeas,n - Qhcsn TOn * Ln

(for candidate neighbouring cells for cell re-selection)
Qmeas is the quality of the Rx signal at the UE.

For FDD cells, this value is calculated from the averaged CPICH Ec/No or CPICH RSCP.
For TDD cells, it results from the averaged P-CCPCH RSCP.
For GSM cells, the UE determines it from the averaged received signal level.
There are two measurement options for FDD cells. The UE derives the measurement quality (Ec/No
or RSCP) from UTRAN.
A cell fulfils the quality level threshold criterion H, if its H-value is equal or larger then zero.
The value Qhcs is used to determine the UE distance from the Node B before the cell becomes a
candidate for cell re-selection; its value depends on the measurement method. The specification
default value is 0.
TOn = TEMP_OFFSETn * W(PENALTY_TIMEn Tn)
0 if HCS_PRIOn = HCS_PRIOs
Ln =
1 if HCS_PRIOn <> HCS_PRIOs
0 for x < 0
W(x) =
1 for x >= 0
54
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
(continued)

TEMP_OFFSETn introduces an additional offset to the H (and R) criterion, but only for a certain period
of time, which is specified by the parameter PENALTY_TIMEn.
This timer is set for each neighbouring cell.
A timer is started from value zero, when one of the following conditions is fulfilled:
if HCS_PRIOn <> HCS_PRIOs and Qmeas,n > Qhcsn
if HCS_ PRIOn = HCS_PRIOs and
i) for serving FDD and neighbour FDD cells if the quality measure for cell selection and
reselection is set to CPICH Ec/No in the serving cell, and:
Qmeas,n > Qmeas,s + Qoffset2s,n
ii) for serving FDD and neighbour FDD cells if the quality measure for cell selection and
reselection is set to CPICH RSCP in the serving cell, and for all other serving and neighbour cells:
Qmeas,n > Qmeas,s + Qoffset1s,n
(from TS25.304 V3.11.0, chap 5.2.6.1.4)
The timer Tn is only in use, when one of the above conditions is fulfilled.
If a cell-reselection takes place, and the cell, for which this timer was triggered is still a neighbouring
cell, and the above conditions are fulfilled with the threshold values of the new cell, then the timer
continues to run. Otherwise, its use is stopped. If no condition is fulfilled, the value TOn is set to zero.
55
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
(continued)
HCS_PRIO*
0 (lowest)..
According to the specifications, following parameter values are possible:

7(highest); step: 1
SIB 11/12
HCS_PRIO gives a cells priority.
TEMP_OFFSET value depends on the measurement method.
If in the FDD mode, CPICH Ec/No is used, then its value are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, or
infinitive; Otherwise, its values are 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or infinitive.
PENALTY_TIMEn is an integer value of either 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 60 seconds.
The default value is 0.
The H-selection criterion:
The UE has determined all neighbouring cells, which fulfil the S-criterion.
Then, it determines all cells of the highest HCS_PRIO, which fulfil the quality level threshold
criterion
H 0.
Only these cells are ranked by the UE.
If no cell fulfils the quality level threshold criterion H >=0, then all cells will be ranked by the UE,
independent of their HCS priority level. This rule also applies, when no HCS is in use.
56
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
* Adjg,i,sHCSpriority

Qhcs:
HCS is in use:
Candidates
for cell re-selection?
H-Criterion !
Hs = Qmeas,s Qhcss
measurement
thresholds
Quality threshold
level for HCS
WCEL; -24..0;
0.5; -24 dB
TOn: temporary Offset during Penalty Time

next slide
S-Criterion
fullfilled
Ln = 0, if HCS_Prion = HCS_Prios
= 1, if HCS_Prion HCS_Prios
H-Criterion
for fast
moving UEs
cells with
lower HCS
priority than
in serving cell
cells with
for slow
moving UEs
no cells with
H>0
H>0
only cells
with
highest HCS
priorities &
H>0
accept all
Neighbours
(same as HCS
not in use)
R-Criterion
cell ranking
57
R-Criterion
R-Criterion
cell ranking
cell ranking
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Cell Reselection: H-Criterion (slow moving UE) & TOn

Adjs,i,gPenalty_Time:
HOPx; 0..60; 10; 0 s
Hs = Qmeas,s Qhcss
Ln = 0, if HCS_Prion = HCS_Prios
= 1, if HCS_Prion HCS_Prios
Adjg,i,sTempOffset;
HOPx; 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18,
21, Infinity; 3 dB;
temp. offset during
Penalty Time used when
neighbour has different
priority than serving cell

PENALTY_TIMEn
Qmeas,n - Qhcsn
PENALTY_TIMEn
0
TOn
TOn
H-Criterion:
H>0
TOn = 0
58
Example:
HCS_PRIOn HCS_PRIOs
Ln = 1
TOn = 0
Start
Tn
Stop
Tn
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
time
Start
Tn
Cell Reselection with HCS: R-Criterion

After checking the measurement thresholds, the UE has detected suitable cells to camp on.
If HCS is in use, it has reduced the candidate cells for cell reselection to those with highest priority and
H >= 0 (given a slow moving UE).
But which of the remaining candidate cells is the best one for cell re-selection?
For that, a cell-ranking criterion R was specified:
Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n - TOn * (1 Ls) (for candidate neighbouring cells for cell reselection)
The serving cell and the remaining candidate cells are ranked according to criterion R.
The cell ranked with the highest value R is the best cell for the UE to camp on.
Qhysts gives a hysteresis value to make the serving cell more attractive and thus delay the cell reselection. It exists in two versions:
If the quality measure is based on CPICH Ec/No, Qhyst2s is used in (FDD cell only); otherwise
the hysteresis value Qhyst1s is used (if the quality measure for FDD cells is based on CPICH
RSCP, for TDD cells and GSM cells).
It ranges between 0 and 40 (step size 2).
If HCS is applied in the serving cell, TOn is calculated as described on the preceding pages.
If HCS is not applied, then this temporary offset term is not used when calculating Rn.
59
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Cell Reselection with HCS: R-Criterion and TOn

Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n - TOn * (1 Ls)
Qmeas
PENALTY_TIMEn
temp. offset used only

when neighbour has
same priority than
serving cell
PENALTY_TIMEn
TOn
TOn
Qmeas,s
TOn = 0
TOn=0
Start
Tn
60
Stop
Tn
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Start
Tn
Example:
HCS_PRIOn = HCS_PRIOs
Ln = 0
Cell Reselection with HCS: R-Criterion

Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n - TOn * (1 Ls)
Qmeas
WCDMA & GSM;

RxLev: 1st Ranking
Rn > Rs Cell Reselection

Qhyst1
WCEL; 0.. 40; def.: 0 dB
Qmeas,n
Rn
Adjg,s,iQoffset1
HOPx; -50.. 50; def.: 0 dB
Qmeas,s
Qhysts
Rs
Qoffsets,n
Example: HCS_PRIOn HCS_PRIOs Ln = 1

61
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011
Treselection:
Adji&sQoffset2
WCEL; 0..31; 1; 2s
HOPx; -50.. 50; 1; 0 dB
FDD cells & Ec/No:

2nd Ranking
Qhyst2
WCEL; 0.. 40; 2; 2 dB
References
For this course module, following 3GPP specifications were used:
TS 23.122, Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) functions related to Mobile Station (MS) in idle
mode
TS 25.133, Requirements for support of radio resource management (FDD)
TS 25 304, User Equipment (UE) procedures in idle mode and procedures for cell
reselection in connected mode
TS 25.331, Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specification
NSN WCDMA RAN Parameter Dictionary
62
3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

05 - RN31555EN30GLA0 - Cell Selection and Reselection

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05 - RN31555EN30GLA0 - Cell Selection and Reselection

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Cell Selection & Reselection

Nokia Siemens Networks

3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

At the end of the module you will be able to:

Nokia Siemens Networks

3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

Cell Selection & Reselection

States & State Transitions in RRC Idle mode

Nokia Siemens Networks

3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

Cell Selection & Reselection: Motivation

The Access Network is accessed by common control channels (CCCH on PRACH).

Paging is done with the PCH (on S-CCPCH).

The UE can receive cell broadcast service CBS messages.

read System Information

3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

Cell Selection & Reselection: Motivation

RRC idle mode

Nokia Siemens Networks

PLMN selection &

Cell selection &

3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

RRC connected mode

TS 25.304: UE procedures in idle mode

Cell Selection & Reselection: Motivation

Nokia Siemens Networks

3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

Nokia Siemens Networks

3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

* according to its capabilities

If RSCP > -95 dBm

If RSSI > -85 dBm

TS 25.304 & TS 43.022

Nokia Siemens Networks

3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

RSCP: Received Signal Code Power

Nokia Siemens Networks

3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

in automatic PLMN selection operation mode

other high quality

Nokia Siemens Networks

3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

Cell Selection & Reselection

States & State Transitions in RRC Idle mode

Nokia Siemens Networks

3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

Cell Reservations and Cell Restrictions

Cell status and special reservations

Nokia Siemens Networks

3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

Cell status & special reservations

Cell status &

Access Class barred:

Nokia Siemens Networks

3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

Cell status & special reservations

Nokia Siemens Networks

3G RPLS (RN 3155) / RU30 / AA / 03_2011

Cell status & special reservations

suitable for AC 11 or 15 in HPLMN

Nokia Siemens Networks

Not suitable not even for

if cell after Tbarred still best,