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Tell me about your body

1

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A VOCABULARY: Write the name of each organ. Then do the crossword.
1. PAROTID GLAND
2. SUBLINGUAL GLAND
3. ______________________________
4. ______________________________
5. ______________________________
6. ______________________________
7. ______________________________
8. ______________________________
9. ______________________________
10. ______________________________
11. ______________________________
12. ______________________________

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B WORD POWER: Complete the statements with one of the words from the picture.

1.

______________________________: Its a large organ located above and in front of the stomach. It filters toxins
from the blood, and makes bile (which breaks down fats) and some blood proteins.

2. ______________________________: Its a sack-like, muscular organ that is attached to the esophagus. When food
enters it, it is churned in an acid bath.
3. ______________________________: Its a small, sac-like organ located by the duodenum. It stores and releases bile
(a digestive chemical which is produced in the liver) into the small intestine.
4. ______________________________: Its an enzyme-producing gland located below the stomach and above the
intestines. Enzymes from it help in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the small intestine. It
produces insulin.
5. ______________________________: Its the first part of the digestive system, where food enters the body. Chewing
and salivary enzymes in it are the beginning of the digestive process (breaking down the food).
6. ______________________________: Its the long tube between the mouth and the stomach. It uses rhythmic muscle
movements (called peristalsis) to force food from the throat into the stomach.
7. ______________________________: Its the long, thin winding tube that food goes through after it leaves the
stomach. It absorbs nutrients.
8. ______________________________: Its the long, wide tube that food goes through after it goes through the small
intestine. It absorbs water and salts.
9. ______________________________: Its the opening at the end of the digestive system from which feces exit the
body.
10. ______________________________: Its the soft part in the mouth that moves around, used for tasting, swallowing,
speaking, etc.
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C READING CLOZE: Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.
waste
tongue
system
swallow
stomach
small intestine
saliva

rectum
pharynx
mouth
liver
liquids
large intestine
food

esophagus
energy
digestion
chewed
acid
absorbed

All animals need to eat 1______________ to get 2____________ to live.

But in order to use this food, they have to break it down in a process
called 3__________________. And so, all animals have a group of
connected organs called the digestive 4__________________.
In humans, the process of digestion begins in the 5_____________
where food is 6________________ into small pieces by the teeth. The
7_______________ helps by moving these pieces around. These pieces
are covered by 8________________, or spit. The saliva makes the
food slippery so that it is easier to 9_______________. It also helps to
break down the food.
Once the food is swallowed, it passes through the 10_______________, which is like a gate that sends
food into the 11______________ and air into the lungs. The food travels down the esophagus and into
the 12______________. Once in the stomach the food is mixed with 13_____________ and crushed
some more.
After spending some time in the stomach, the food is sent into the 14________________________
where nutrients are 15______________. The 16_____________ helps by producing some digestive
juices called bile. Next, the remaining food goes into the 17_________________________where the
18_______________are absorbed. The remaining food is called 19_________________ and it is pushed
into the 20________________ where it waits before leaving the body.
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2 URINARY SYSTEM
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A VOCABULARY: Label the picture and then complete the statements with one of the words from
the picture.

1. _______________________ It is a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the genitals for removal out of the
body. In males, it travels through the penis, and carries semen as well as urine. In females, it is shorter and
emerges above the vaginal opening.
2. _______________________ It is the organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys before disposal by
urination. It is a muscular and distensible organ that sits on the pelvic floor. It collects the urine via the
ureters and exits it via the urethra.
3. _______________________ They are an essential part of the urinary system. They regulate electrolytes,
maintain the acid-base balance, and regulate the blood pressure. They serve the body as a natural filter of the
blood, and remove wastes which are diverted to the urinary bladder. They excrete wastes such as urea and
ammonium. They also reabsorb water, glucose, and amino acids, and produce hormones including calcitriol,
renin, and erythropoietin.
4. _______________________ They are muscular tubes that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

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B WORD

POWER: Write the number of each organ next to the correct word or words. Then

highlight the words in the word search puzzle.

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Adrenal Gland

Human Urinary System

Inferior Vena Cava

Kidney
Renal Artery and Renal Vein
Renal Pelvis
Ureter
Urethra
Abdominal Aorta
Iliac Artery and Iliac Vein
Large Intestine
Liver

Pelvis
Urinary Bladder
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3 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A VOCABULARY: Write the name of each organ. Then do the crossword.
1 ..

2..
3..
4..
5..

6..
7..
8..
9..

10..
11..

9
5

7
11

3
1
10
4
2
8
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B WORD POWER: Complete the statements with one of the words below.
Pharynx

Ribs

Trachea

Larynx

Lungs

Nose

Bronchi

Diaphragm

Heart

1. _________________________Theyre the essential respiration organ in an organism. They are located

in the chest on either side of the heart. Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the
atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the
atmosphere.
2. _________________________Theyre any of the curved bones that are connected to the spine and
surround the chest.
3. _________________________Its the soft area at the top of the throat where the passages to the nose
and mouth connect with the throat.
4. _________________________Its the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. Its shape is
determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which
separates the nostrils.
5. _________________________Its the primary muscle of inspiration. It is a thin, dome-shaped sheet of
muscle that inserts into the lower ribs. When it contracts, it pushes downward and spreads out,
increasing the vertical dimension of the chest cavity and driving up abdominal pressure.
6. _________________________Its the organ in the left side of the chest that pumps blood around the
body.
7. _________________________Its the bony tube that connects the nose and mouth to the lungs, and
flows air into the lungs.
8. _________________________Its commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the neck of an organism
involved in protecting the trachea and sound production. It manipulates pitch and volume. It houses
the vocal folds, which are an essential component of phonation.
9. _________________________Its a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the
lungs. It branches into smaller tubes which in turn become bronchioles. No gas exchange takes place
in this part of the lungs.

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C READING CLOZE: Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.
trachea
pharynx
lungs
carbon dioxide
air

vapor
respiratory
mouth
cough
blood

yawn
sneeze
oxygen
diaphragm
exhale

bronchi
inhale
nose
hiccup

All animals need 1________________ to make energy from food.

We get this oxygen from the 2_____________ that we breathe.
In order to get the oxygen into the blood where it can be
transported to the rest of the body, the air travels through a
system of organs called the 3_______________ system.
When you 4________________, air enters the body through the
5_______________ or the 6____________. From there it passes
through the 7______________, which forces air into the
8_______________ and food into the esophagus. The air travels down the trachea into two branching
tubes called 9________________ and then on into the 10________________.
In the lungs oxygen from the air enters the 11_______________. At the same time, the waste gas
12____________________ leaves the blood and then leaves the body when you 13___________________.
Some 14__________________ also leaves the body when you exhale, which is why mirrors get foggy
when you breathe on them. The 15______________ is the muscle that controls the lungs.
It is important to keep the respiratory system clear so oxygen can keep flowing into your body. If
something gets in your nose and irritates it, you 16___________________. If something gets in your
trachea or bronchi and irritates it, you 17_________________. If something irritates your diaphragm,
you 18_________________. Finally, if the brain thinks you are not getting enough oxygen, then it forces
you to 19_________________.
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A VOCABULARY: Write the number of each organ next to the correct word or

words.
____Jugular Vein
____Carotid Artery

____ Superior Vena Cava

____ Renal Vein
____ Renal Artery
____ Pulmonary Vein
____ Pulmonary Artery
____ Mesenteric Arteries
____ Inferior Vena Cava
____ Iliac Vein
____ Iliac Artery
____ Hepatic Vein
____ Hepatic Portal Vein
____ Aorta
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B WORD POWER - THE HEART: Label the human heart.

_____Aorta

_____Aortic Valve

_____Inferior Vena Cava

_____Left Atrium

_____Left Ventricle

_____Mitral Valve

_____Pulmonary Artery

_____Pulmonary Valve

_____Pulmonary Vein

_____Right Atrium

_____Right Ventricle

_____Superior Vena Cava

_____Tricuspid Valve

C READING COMPREHENSION: Read the following text and then answer the
questions that follow.
The heart is the organ that helps supply blood and oxygen to all parts of the body. It is divided by a
partition or septum into two halves, and the halves are in turn divided into four chambers. The heart is
situated within the chest cavity and surrounded by a fluid filled sac called the pericardium. This amazing
muscle produces electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract, pumping blood throughout the body.
The heart and the circulatory system together form the cardiovascular system.
-

The heart has four chambers two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers).

The heart wall is made up of the Epicardium (the outer layer), Myocardium (the muscular middle
layer) and the Endocardium (the inner layer).

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The Cardiac Conduction is the rate at which the heart conducts electrical impulses. The following
structures play an important role in causing the heart to contract: Atrioventricular Bundle (bundle
of fibers that carry cardiac impulses), Atrioventricular Node (a section of nodal tissue that delays
and relays cardiac impulses), Purkinje Fibers (fiber branches that extend from the atrioventricular
bundle) and Sinoatrial Node (a section of nodal tissue that sets the rate of contraction for the heart).

The Cardiac Cycle is the sequence of events that occurs when the heart beats. Below are the two
phases of the cardiac cycle: Diastole Phase (the heart ventricles are relaxed and the heart fills with
blood) and Systole Phase (the ventricles contract and pump blood to the arteries).

The heart also has four valves, which are flap-like structures that allow blood to flow in one
direction. Below are the four valves of the heart: Aortic Valve (prevents the back flow of blood as it
is pumped from the left ventricle to the aorta), Mitral Valve (prevents the back flow of blood as it is
pumped from the left atrium to the left ventricle), Pulmonary Valve (prevents the back flow of
blood as it is pumped from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery) and Tricuspid Valve
(prevents the back flow of blood as it is pumped from the right atrium to the right ventricle).

1. How many chambers does the human heart contain?

a) 2

b) 3

c) 4

d) 5

2. The fluid filled sac that surrounds the heart is called the
a) Myocardium

b) Pericardium

c) Ventricle

d) Septum

3. The audible sounds (referred as the lub-dupp sounds) that can be heard from the heart are made
by the heart.
a) Nodes

b) Ventricles

c) Atria

d) Valves

4. Which of the following is referred to as the pacemaker of the heart?

a) Sinoatrial Node

b) Purkinje Fibers

c) Endocardium

d) Atrioventricular Node

5. It helps supply blood and oxygen to all parts of the body.

a) Heart

b) Coronary Artery

c) Endocardium

d) Pericardium

6. It happens when the heart ventricles are relaxed and the heart fills with blood.
a) Systole

b) Diastole

c) Circulation

d) Pumping

7. It prevents the back flow of blood as it is pumped from the right atrium to the right ventricle.
a) Aortic Valve

b) Tricuspid Valve

c) Mitral Valve

d) Pulmonary Valve

8. It prevents the back flow of blood as it is pumped from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
a) Aortic Valve
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b) Tricuspid Valve

c) Mitral Valve

d) Pulmonary Valve
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5 SKELETAL SYSTEM
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A VOCABULARY: Use the words from each list to label the bones on the diagram.
______Carpals
______Cervical Vertebra
______Clavicle
______Coccyx

______Cranium
______Femur
______Fibula
______Humerus
______Mandible
______Maxilla
______Metacarpals
______Metatarsals
______Patella
______Pelvic Girdle
______Phalanges

______Phalanges
______Radius
______Rib
______Sternun
______Tarsals
______Tibia
______Ulna
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B READING CLOZE: Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.
tendon

protect

jellyfish

skeleton

move

cranium

skeletal

minerals

bones

shape

marrow

blood

ribcage

ligaments

There are around 206 1________________ in the

adult human body. These bones plus the connecting
tissue make up the 2_______________ system.
The skeletal system is very important for many
reasons. Some bones help 3_____________ our
organs. The 4_____________, for example, protects
our brains and the 5________________ protects
our lungs.
The skeletal system also gives us our 6_______________. Without a 7______________,
we would be shapeless blobs like a 8______________ or an earthworm. Our bones, which
are connected by 9______________, provide a frame for the rest of the organs, giving us
our unique body shape.
The skeletal system also helps us 10______________. Muscles, which are attached to
bones by 11_______________, cause the bones to move, which makes our bodies move.
Bones also help your body store 12________________ such as calcium. If there is too
much calcium in the blood, some of it becomes bone. If there is not enough calcium, then
the bones give some to the blood.
Finally, another important function of bones is to produce 13________________. Inside
bones there is a soft substance called 14________________, which is used to make blood
cells.

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C WORD POWER: Find the skeletal system words below in the grid to the
left.

2
3
4

7
8

10

11

12

13

14

15
16

17

18

Across

Down

4. The place where two bones meet.

1. Something that joins muscles to bone.

5. The triangle shaped bone in your upper back.

2. One of the bones in your spine.

8. The bone that holds your lower teeth.

3. Something that joins bone to bone.

10. The substance inside a bone that makes

blood cells.

6. One of the lower leg bones.

13. The bone that protects your brains.

15. The bone in your shoulders.
16. One of the lower leg bones.
17. Your backbone.
18. The upper arm bone, your funny bone.

7. The largest bone in the human body.

9. The bone in the center of the chest between
the ribs.
11. The collection of bones that protect your
lungs.
12. One of the forearm bones.
14. One of the forearm bones.

15

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6 MUSCULAR SYSTEM
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A READING COMPREHENSION: Read the text.

The muscular system produces movement. There are over 600 different muscles in your body. Muscles
cover the skeleton. They also line the walls of some organs, such as the heart and stomach. Tendons attach
muscles to bone.
Muscles can be voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary muscles are the ones that you can control. You can
tell them when to move. Most voluntary muscles are attached to bones. Involuntary muscles, like those of
the heart, move without your having to think about them. The muscles that control your eyelids may
seem like voluntary muscles. You can blink your eyes when you want to. However, you cannot keep your
eyes from blinking when they need to! You do not have complete control over them.
Muscles cause movement by contracting or getting shorter and firmer. This action pulls on the bones or
other body structures. Muscles move the blood through your body.
They also move food and wastes through your body. Muscle tone is achieved through exercise. If a person
has good muscle tone, the muscles do not completely relax. They are always slightly contracted. For you
to have good muscle tone, plenty of blood needs to reach the muscle cells. This requires exercise.
There are three types of muscles in the body. Each type of muscle cell looks different. The smooth muscles
are long and thin and pointed at each end. The stomach has smooth muscle cells. Cardiac muscles make
up the heart. They branch out and weave together. Skeletal muscles are long and shaped like cylinders
(similar to straws). Unlike the other muscle cells, the skeletal muscle cells have many nuclei. The tongue
and lips are skeletal muscles, as are the biceps and triceps in your arms.

B MUSCULAR SYSTEM: Match each description with the correct word.

______ 1. Muscles that make up the heart.

A. Tendons

______ 2. Muscles over which you have complete control.

B. Involuntary

______ 3. What muscles do to cause movement?

C. Contract

______ 4. Necessary for muscle tone.

D. Cardiac

______ 5. Muscle cells with many nuclei.

E. Exercise

______ 6. Attach muscles to bone.

F. Skeletal

______ 7. Muscles that move without conscious effort.

G. Voluntary

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C VOCABULARY: Identify and label each letter with the correct muscle group.
_______Sternocleidomastoid
A

_______Rectus femoris

_______Sartorius

_______Tibialis anterior

_______Deltoid

_______Soleus
_______Trapezius
C

_______Rectus abdominis

_______Gastrocnemius
D

_______Biceps brachii

_______Pectoralis major

_______Semitendinosus
A

_______Gluteus maximus
B

_______Biceps femoris

_______Latissimus dorsi
_______Triceps

_______Achilles tendon
D

_______Gastrocnemius

17

_______Trapezius

_______Deltoid

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I feel really sick!

HUMAN BODY
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A VOCABULARY: Label the parts of the human body. Use the words from the box.
1 ---------------------------2 ---------------------------3 ---------------------------4 ---------------------------5----------------------------

6---------------------------7----------------------------

8----------------------------

9----------------------------

10--------------------------

11-------------------------12-------------------------13--------------------------

14-------------------------15-------------------------16------------------------17------------------------18------------------------19------------------------20-------------------------

21-------------------------

22-------------------------

23-------------------------

24------------------------25------------------------26-------------------------

Vagina

Wrist

Palm

Penis

Shin

Toe

Mouth

Navel

Neck

Nose

Head

Heel

Knee

Leg

Eyes

Finger

Foot

Groin

Cheek

Chest

Ears

Elbow

Abdomen

Arm

Breast

Calf

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2 AILMENTS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A VOCABULARY: Match the signs or symptoms to the correct picture.
A headache
A sore throat

1 ..

4 .

Head lice
A temperature

2 ..

5 .

A rash
A stomach ache

6 .

B WRITING: Now write a sentence for each picture. Remember to use a capital letter and a full stop.
1 ..
2 ..
3 ..
4 ..
5 ..
6 ..
19

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C WORD POWER: Answer the questions. Work with a partner.

A: Whats wrong?
B: He has a backache.

A: Whats wrong?
B: ___________________.

A: Whats wrong?
B: __________________.

A: Whats wrong?
B: __________________.

A: Whats wrong?
B: _________________.

A: Whats wrong?
B: _________________________.

A: Whats wrong?
B: _______________________.

A: Whats wrong?
B: ___________________________.

A: Whats wrong?
B: _________________________.

A: Whats wrong?
B: __________________.

A: Whats wrong?
B: ___________________________.
20

A: Whats wrong?
B: ___________________________.
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D VOCABULARY: Match the ailments to the correct pictures. Then write sentences.
___Bruise

___ Toothache

___Backache

___Earache

___Burn

___Stomach ache

___Cut

___Sore throat

___Fever

___Cough

___High blood pressure

___Cold

___Sprained ankle

___Dizziness

___Rash

___Headache

21

10

13

11

14

12

15

16
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E WORD POWER: Find out the right answers. Then do the crossword.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Its a blue, brown or purple mark that appears on the skin after somebody has fallen, been hit, etc.
Its a common illness that affects the nose and/or throat; making you cough, sneeze, etc.
Its a continuous pain in the back.
Its a continuous pain in the head.
Its a medical condition in which a person has a temperature that is higher than normal.
Its a pain in or near your stomach.
Its a pain in your teeth or in one tooth.
Its a pain in your throat, especially very painful, red and swollen.
1
15
3
13

10
12

8
5
2

16

11
14

7
9
6

9. Its a pain inside the ear.

10. Its an area of red spots on a person's skin, caused by an illness or a reaction to something.
11. Its an illness or infection that makes you force out air suddenly and noisily through your throat.
12. Its an injured joint in your body, especially your ankle, by suddenly twisting it.
13. Its an injury or a mark caused by fire, heat or acid.
14. Its an opening or a wound, especially with a sharp tool such as a knife or scissors.
15. Its the blood pressure that is higher than is normal.
16. Its the feeling as if everything is spinning around you and that you are not able to balance.
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3 AILMENTS AND REMEDIES

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A LISTENING: Listen and circle what the medical condition is. Then match them to the
right remedies.
1. Whats wrong?

Sore hands

Sore Feet

Sore throat

2. Whats wrong?

Stomachache

Headache

Backache

3. Whats wrong?

Heart attack

Insomnia

Anorexia

4. Whats wrong?

Burned face

Burned arm

Burned hand

________He should drink some herbal tea.

________He should put on some ointment.
________She should put on some cream and place a bandage over it.
________She should take some pills.
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4 MALARIA
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A PRE-READING: Identify and name the pictures. Use the words below.

Anti-malaria drugs

Headache

High fever

Liver

Malaria victim

Profuse perspiration

Red blood cells

Repeated attacks of shaking

The Anopheles mosquito

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24

Malaria, though not getting as much publicity as cancer or AIDS, is nonetheless the world's major infectious
disease. There are about a hundred million cases of malaria each year and more than two million die of the
disease.
The disease is caused by a parasite known as Plasmodium which is carried by the female anopheles mosquito.
When the infected mosquito bites a person, the parasite enters the bloodstream and quickly invades the liver.
There it begins to divide. It then goes into the red blood cells and multiplies quickly. The symptoms of the
disease are then felt by the victim. Such symptoms include repeated attacks of shaking, high fever, headache
and profuse perspiration. Travelers to malaria infected countries are required to take anti-malaria drugs to
safeguard themselves.
Our government is very concerned with the problem of mosquito-breeding in Singapore. Mosquitoes not only
spread malaria but also cause dengue fever, another dangerous disease that has claimed many lives in the past
few years.
We must do our part to get rid of mosquitoes to minimize the risk of being infected with such diseases.
Mosquitoes need only a little stagnant water to lay and develop their eggs. Water left standing in our plant pot
holders, flower vases and pails; roof gutters and drains clogged with leaves all serve as ideal breeding grounds
for them.
Unless and until all of us make a conscious effort to solve the problem of mosquito breeding, the danger of
contacting malaria or dengue fever will always be present.

B POST-READING: Read the text and answer the questions:

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1.

What is malaria?

2.

How is it spread?

3.

What happens when an infected mosquito bites a person?

4.

When does the parasite multiply?

5.

Which word used in the passage means the same as 'signs'?

6.

What are some of the symptoms of malaria?

7.

What must tourists do before they visit malaria infected countries?

8.

Why are mosquitoes regarded as pests?

9.

What is an ideal mosquito breeding ground?

10.

How can we help to prevent mosquitoes from breeding?

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4 CHLAMYDIA INFECTION
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A READING COMPREHENSION: Read the text.
It comes from the Greek word, meaning "cloak". It is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in
humans caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. The term Chlamydia infection can also refer to
infection caused by any species belonging to the bacterial family Chlamydiaceae. C. trachomatis is found only in
humans. Chlamydia is a major infectious cause of human genital and eye disease. Chlamydia infection is one of
the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide.
C. trachomatis is naturally found living only inside human cells. Chlamydia can be transmitted during vaginal,
anal, or oral sex, and can be passed from an infected mother to her baby during vaginal childbirth. Between half
and three-quarters of all women who have a chlamydia infection of the neck of the womb (cervicitis) have no
symptoms and do not know that they are infected. In men, infection of the urethra (urethritis) is usually
symptomatic, causing a white discharge from the penis with or without pain on urinating (dysuria).
Occasionally, the condition spreads to the upper genital tract in women (causing pelvic inflammatory disease) or
to the epididymis in men (causing epididymitis). If untreated, chlamydial infections can cause serious
reproductive and other health problems with both short-term and long-term consequences.
Chlamydia conjunctivitis or trachoma is a common cause of blindness.
B CHLAMYDIA INFECTION: Check whether the statements are true or false.
1. Chlamydia Infection isnt found in human beings.

2. It is a contagious disease.

3. It is a major infectious cause of the whole human body.

4. It cant be transmitted if you have safe sex.

5. It cant be transmitted during childbirth.

6. 95 % of women dont know that they have Chlamydia Infection.

7.

8. Chlamydia Conjunctivitis can cause blindness.

9. Urethritis is the inflammation of the ureters.

Chlamydia in men is asymptomatic.

C CHLAMYDIA INFECTION: Complete with a right word from the text:

1. It is when you cannot see.

________________

2. It is the inflammation of the epididymis.

________________

4. It is the inflammation of the urethra.

________________

5. It is the inflammation of the cervix.

________________

6. It is the process of giving birth to a child.

________________

3. It is a kind of pain when you urinate.

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________________

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5 MEDICAL CONDITIONS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A READING: Match the disease to the correct definitions.
Hepatitis
Heart Failure

Diabetes
Tuberculosis

Myocardial Infarction
Leukemia

1. _____________________It is a disease of the liver. There are several kinds of it, the most common are A, B and

C. Most cases of it are caused by viruses. It can also be caused by alcohol. About one in four people who drink
more than three alcoholic drinks a day, (over a period of 10-15 days) will have some form of it caused by

alcohol. Various drugs and chemicals can also cause it, most notably Paracetamol (overdose), yellow
phosphorous, and others. It may also be caused by other diseases.
2. _____________________It is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either

because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is
produced. This high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia

(increased thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger). There are three main types of it: Type 1, Type 2 and
Gestational.

3. _____________________It is a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal

increase of white blood cells. It is a broad term covering a spectrum of diseases. In turn, it is part of the even

broader group of diseases called hematological neoplasms. Clinically and pathologically, it is subdivided into a
variety of large groups.

4. _____________________It is also known as TB (short for tubercles bacillus). It is a common and often deadly
infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium TB in humans. It usually
attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. It is spread through the air when people who have

the disease cough, sneeze, or spit. The classic symptoms are a chronic cough with blood-tinged sputum, fever,
night sweats, and weight loss.

5. _____________________It is commonly known as a heart attack, is the interruption of blood supply to a part of
the heart, causing heart cells to die. This is most commonly due to occlusion (blockage) of a coronary artery

following the rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, which is an unstable collection of lipids (fatty
acids) and white blood cells (especially macrophages) in the wall of an artery. The resulting ischemia (restriction
in blood supply) and oxygen shortage, if left untreated for a sufficient period of time, can cause damage or death
(infarction) of heart muscle tissue (myocardium).

6. _____________________It is generally defined as inability of the heart to supply sufficient blood flow to meet
the body's needs. Common causes of it include myocardial infarction (heart attacks) and other forms of ischemic

heart disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease, and cardiomyopathy. It can cause a number of symptoms
including shortness of breath (typically worse when lying flat, which is called orthopnea), coughing, chronic
venous congestion, ankle swelling, and exercise intolerance.

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B WORD POWER: Match the picture to the correct disease from the previous exercise.

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I am a healthy person!
HEALTH
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A VOCABULARY: Label the pictures.

1..

2 .

5 ..

6 .

8 .

9 ....

11 ..

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3 .

4 ...

7 ...

10 ..

12 ....

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B WORD POWER - FOOD ITEMS: Give examples related to the items.

Cereals

Beverages

Dairy Products

Desserts

Fish & Seafood

Vegetables

Alcoholic Beverages

Fruit

C WORD POWER: Classify the words in two groups.

Salad

Hamburguer

Beer

Yogourt

Wheat

Candies

Rum

Milk

Toast

Icecream

Soda

Rice

Chocolate

Cheese

Wine

Bananas

Strawberries

French fries

Carrots

Vodka

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Healthy Food

Unhealthy Food

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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2 HEALTHY EATING DURING PREGNANCY

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A READING COMPREHENSION: Scan the reading passage, and then answer the questions that follow.
FOLIC ACID is also called: Folacin, Folate, Pteroylglutamic acid, Vitamin B9. Folic acid is a B vitamin. It helps the
body make healthy new cells. Everyone needs folic acid. For women who may get pregnant, it is really
important. When a woman has enough folic acid in her body before and during pregnancy, it can prevent major
birth defects of her baby's brain or spine.
Foods with folic acid in them include leafy green vegetables, fruits (bananas, pineapples, grapefruit and
oranges), dried beans, pulses, peas, lentils and nuts. Enriched breads, cereals (whole grains) and other grain
products also contain folic acid as well as milk, yogurt, yeast (marmite) and malt extracts. If you don't get enough folic acid from the foods
you eat, you can also take it as a dietary supplement.

B VOCABULARY: Which ones contain folic acid? Cross the foods with folic acid.

C QUESTIONNAIRE: Answer the following questions.

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a.

What is folic acid?

b.

Who is it really important for?

c.

What does it prevent?

d.

Where can you find it?

e.

How can you take it if you dont get it in your diet?

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3 HEALTHY CHECKS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A VOCABULARY: Match the correct words to the correct picture.
Blood test
Operation

X-ray
Eyes test

1. .

2.

4.

5. .

Scan
Examination

3.

6. .

B WORD POWER: Complete the sentences with one of the words from exercise A.
1.

___________________________The process of cutting open a part of a person's body in order to remove or repair a damaged
part.

2. ___________________________A close look at somebody, especially to see if there is anything wrong or to find the cause of a
problem.
3. ___________________________To get an image of a part of somebody's body on a computer by passing a beam of X-RAYS,
ULTRASOUND waves or ELECTROMAGNETIC waves over it in a special machine.
4. ___________________________A photograph made by X-rays, especially one showing bones or organs in the body.
5. ___________________________An examination of a small amount of your blood by doctors in order to make judgments about
your medical condition.

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4 MEDICINES TO BE HEALTHY
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A WORD POWER: Everyone knows what medicines are for - to make you feel better when you are sick.

B READING: Complete the paragraphs below with The Brand Name or The Generic Name.

Each medicine has an approved name called ___________________. These names do not change. A group of medicines that
work in a similar way often have similar sounding this name. For example, penicillin, ampicillin and amoxicillin are the names
for a group of antibiotics.

Many medicines also have one or more _________________________. These names are chosen by the company that makes it.
Several companies may make the same medicine, each with their own name. A product from the same company may also be
called by different names in different countries.

C VOCABULARY Complete the table below.

GENERIC MEDICINES

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WHAT IS IT FOR?

BRAND MEDICINES

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D READING CLOZE: Complete the paragraphs with the words in bold.

There are three broad categories of medicines Prescription Medicines, Complementary Medicines and Over-The-Counter Medicines.

___________________________You can only purchase them if you have them from your doctor. Examples of these include contraceptive pills,
antibiotics and strong painkillers.

___________________________They include cough and cold products, mouthwash and sunscreen. You dont need a prescription to obtain these
products. Some of them can only be purchased from a pharmacy, and many are also available from supermarkets and health food shops.

___________________________They (also known as 'traditional' or 'alternative' medicines) include vitamin, mineral, herbal, aromatherapy,
hydrotherapy, acupuncture, physiotherapy and homoeopathic products. These products are available without a prescription.

E VOCABULARY - DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEDICINES: Label the pictures.

Medicine looks like:
1

1.

..

2.

..

3.

..

4.

..

5.

..

6.

..

7.

..

8.

..

9.

..

10. ..
5

11.

12. .
13. .
14. .
6

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15. ....

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F READING CLOZE: 5 Complete the paragraphs with a proper word.

Topically Rectally By injection By inhalation By mouth
1. ____________________This is the most common way of taking medicines. The medicine is swallowed and passes from
the stomach or intestine into the bloodstream and is carried to all parts of the body.
2. ____________________Medicines may be put into a person using a syringe to produce an effect on the entire
body. Medicines are often put in this way when people are unable to take medicines by mouth (or other routes into
the body are inconvenient or inappropriate), when a very rapid effect is needed or for medicines that aren't
absorbed well when given orally.
There are several ways of injecting medicines: Intramuscular (IM), Intravenous (IV) and Subcutaneous (SC)

___________________: the medicine is injected directly into the bloodstream, usually via a vein near the surface of the body
(e.g. in the hand). Medicines injected in this way enter the bloodstream directly and reach their site of action almost
immediately (e.g. anesthetics).

___________________: the medicine is injected just beneath the skin. Medicines that are inactivated by the stomach acid or
medicines that need to be absorbed slowly may be injected in this way (e.g. insulin).

___________________: the medicine is injected into muscle, usually the thigh, upper arm or the buttock. These kinds of
injections provide a very steady level of absorption and are used, for example, for antibiotics such as penicillin.

3. ____________________: the lower end of the large intestine (rectum) that leads to the anus will
absorb many medicines. The medicine passes through the cells lining the rectum and into the bloodstream.
This method is useful for people who are unable to take medicines by mouth, such as those suffering from
nausea and vomiting. Suppositories and enemas are given in this way.
4. ____________________: medicines that are applied directly to the part of the body which is being treated, e.g.
the skin, eyes, ears or nose are called topical medicines. Various types of these preparations are available,
including:
- creams
- ointments
- lotions
- suppositories
- ear, eye & nasal drops
- sticky patches, e.g. hormone & nicotine patches
1. ____________________: medicines may be breathed in through the mouth or nose to produce a rapid
effect on the lungs and airways (e.g. asthma inhalers and nebulizer solutions for chronic airway disease). Some
medicines which have an effect on the whole body (e.g. general anesthetics) may also be inhaled. Migraine
medicines and medicines used to relieve nasal congestion may also be given by a nasal spray, to provide rapid
relief of symptoms.
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5 COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINES
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A READING COMPREHENSION: Do you see a doctor or do you try other healing forms when you are ill?
Why / Why not? Match the pictures to the correct healing forms.

B READING: Read and find out what the text is about.

Many people use alternative healing forms of health care and believe strongly that they are as effective as the system of medical
practice. Here are some examples:

A. Acupuncture: Its a 3000-year-old Chinese medical system. Acupuncturists insert hair-thin needles at certain points in the body to
treat various diseases or to relieve pain.
B. Reflexology: It is similar to acupuncture but focuses on treating certain disorders through massage of the soles of the feet.
C. Herbalism: It is the worlds oldest and most widely used healing form. Herbalists use herbs to treat illnesses such as depression,
anxiety and hypertension.
D. Ayurveda: It takes a preventive approach and focuses on the whole person. It is effective especially in treating headaches and chronic
sinusitis.
E. Naturopathy: Proponents of naturopathy believe that the mind and body are in balance. With a healthy diet, adequate rest and minimal
stress, the bodys own vital forces are sufficient to fight off diseases.
F. Homeopathy: It uses doses of herbs, minerals or even poisons to stimulate the bodys curative powers. Homeopathy is based on the
theory that if large doses of a substance can cause a problem, tiny doses can help healing of that same problem.

C QUESTIONNAIRE: Which of the healing forms above?

1. Involves the injection of needles into the body at various points?
2. Can help someone who has headaches and chronic sinusitis?
3. Gives small quantities of a substance?
4. Uses the sense of touch?
5. Focuses on the balance between the body and the mind?
6. Requires plants as medicine?
7. Is used for problems with nervous system?
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6 HOME CARE KIT

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A PROJECT: Prepare and present an HCK.

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