Soc Test Bank 2

Quiz 1
1-Nations that are interconnected through economic, political, cultural and

social means
bringing together different groups of people all over the world are an
example of
Globalization
Which of the following is one of the stages that Comte believed each society passes through?
A.
Metaphysical
B.
Metempsychosis
C.
Clergic
D.
Scholarly
Christopher is planning his experiment. He will introduce change into group A and group B will
not experience any change. Which group is the control group in Christopher's experiment?
Sociology uses which of the following as part of its scientific approach to interpret social
behavior?
A.
Bias
B.
Systematic observations
C.
Simple commonsense
D.
Preconceptions
According to Durkheim, which form of solidarity shares a common culture and sense of
morality?
A.
Mechanical
B.
Organic
C.
Communal
D.
Natural
According to Durkheim which form of solidarity exists when people are interdependent, share
less obvious common values, have diverse and conflicting interests, and a more complex division
of labor?
A.
Mechanical
B.
Communal
C.
Organic
D.
Natural
Sociology is best described as
The study of personalities

B. The study of human behavior in society
C. The study of human genetics
D. The study of common sense
Which is a central component of Karl Marx's theoretical framework?
A.
Social engineering
B.
Democracy
C.
Corporate economy
D.
Capitalism
A.
Who coined the term sociology?

A.
Auguste Comte
B.
Karl Marx
C.
Emile Durkheim
D.
Max Weber
What according to Robert Merton, can the functions of any institution or interactions be?
A.
Either manifest or latent
B.
Either multiple or singular
C.
Both concrete and abstract
D.
Neither manifest nor latent
Which sociological theorist was a central figure of structural-functional analysis?
A.
Erving Goffman
B.
Lester Ward
C.
George Ritzer
D.
Talcott Parsons
Quiz 2
1-According to the text, what was NOT an American value identified by sociologist Robin
Williams Jr.?
A.
Progress
B.
Individualism
C.
Racism and group superiority
D.
Altruism
2-What makes a counterculture different than a subculture?

A. It
is not different from a subculture.

is more likely to support drug use.
C. It has a semi-acceptance of the dominant culture.
D. It identifies itself with being different and in oppostion to the dominant
culture
B. It
3-Which of the following is an example of nonmaterial culture?

A.
American flag
B.
Minivan
C.
School building
D.
Democracy
4-Culture that is associated with more affluent and largely White groups may be referred to as
what form of culture?
A.
High
B.
Low
C.
Popular
D.
Universal
5-What best describes the term cultural lag?

A When societies experience the gap between language skills and
.
technological skills without any noticeable effect.
B When societies experience the gap between other societies based on
.
the unknown.
C When societies experience the gap between technology and material
.
culture and its social beliefs and institutions.
D When societies experience the gap between ritualistic practice and
.
religious belief driven by the quest for non-supernatural knowledge
6-Eileen bases her beliefs about members of other groups on stereotypes. Sociologically, what is
this belief that Eillen has about other groups called?
A.
Prejudice
B.
C.
D.
Egalitarianism
Myopy
Tolerance
7-Which best describes language?

A Language is an organized set of symbols by which people are able to
.
think and communicate with others.
B Language does not shape perception of reality.
.
C
.
D
.
Language merely reflects the world as we know it.

Language does not involve interaction, it only involves words.
8-Which best describes values?

A. Ethical foundations of a culture, ideas about right and wrong, good
and bad.
B. Stronger norms that are informally enforced.
C. Norms that have been organized and written down.
D. Relatively weak and informal norms that are the result of patterns of
action.
The vast differences that can exist between the world's many cultures are representative of what
concept?
A.
Cultural Conformity
B.
Cultural pluralism
C.
Cultural diversity
D.
Cultural shock
When a country's culture is deliberately imposed on another country this is called?
A.
Cultural Imperialism
B.
Cultural Relativism
C.
Cultural Pluralism
D.
Cultural Moralism
What theorist argued that different groups possess "cultural capital"?
A.
Pierre Bourdieu
B.
Robert Merton
C.
Emile Durkheim
D.
William Ogburn
Which hypothesis proposes that language shapes our perceptions?
A.
Smith-Klein
B.
Sapir-Whorf
C.
D.
Ratzinger-Maida
Pullum-Marx
What is a group of people within a culture who share some distinguishing characteristic, belief,
value, or attribute that sets them apart from the dominant culture called?
A.
Minor culture
B.
Subculture
C.
Middle culture
D.
Hidden culture
All of the following are true about symbols EXCEPT?
A.
Symbols' meanings can change over time.
B.
Symbols can be created at any time.

Symbols do not represent feelings or ideas.
Symbols are not always universally shared.
C.
D.
Enthnocentrism is based in what belief?

A. A belief that one's culture is superior to others.
B. A belief that one's culture is equal to others.
C. A belief that one's culture us inferior to others.
D. A belief that there are no cultural differences.
Culture that consists of things people make and the things people use to make them is known as?
A.
Nonmaterial
B.
Material
Popular
Universal
C.
D.
Which is not true about mores?

A They are strong norms that are informally enforced.
.
B
.
C
.
D
.
They are weak norms that are informally enforced.

They are perceived as more than simple violations of etiquette.
They are moral attitudes that are seen as a serious even if there are no
actual laws that prohibit them.
Which term refers to the spreading of new ideas through a society, independent of a population
movement?
A.
Cultural Diffusion
B.
Cultural Infusion
C.
Cultural Immersion
D.
Cultural Subversion
Which best describes the culture?

A Culture refers to the sets of doctrinal beliefs that we comprehend
.
through the lens of individual conscience.
B Culture refers to the sets of values and ideals that we understand to
.
define morality, good and evil, appropriate and inappropriate.
C Culture refers to the sets of values and norms that we rebel against
.
when we do not believe in morality but accept a false reality.
D Culture refers to the sets of values and ideals that we do not believe
.
define morality, good and evil, appropriate and inappropriate.
Which is NOT an example of a fad?
A.
The Pledge of Allegiance
B.
Tie-dye shirts
C.
A pet rock
The moonwalk
D.
What are the processes by which members of a culture engage in a routine behavior to express
their sense of belonging to the culture known as?
A.
Taboos
B.
Virtues
C.
Rituals
D.
Vices
Popular culture is often associated with what groups?
A.
Upper class
B.
Elite
C.
Middle and working class
D.
Under class
Which of the following is an example of a counterculture?
A.
White Supremacist Survivalists
B.
Weight Watchers
C.
Knights of Columbus
D.
Free Masons
Charles is an American who moved to China. Charles felt disorientation and uncertainty of what
was culturally expected when he moved. What did Charles experience?
A.
Cultural materialism
B.
Cutural shock
C.
Cutural disconnect
D.
Cultural absorbency
A short-lived, highly popular, and widespread behavior, style, or mode of thought is known as
what concept?
A.
High culture
B.
Fad
C.
Low culture
D.
Fashion
QUIZ #3
John tells vulgar jokes with his buddies all the time and he often makes up stories about his ex
life that he believes are funny. However, when John is with his mother he is the exact opposite,
often critical of others who make such jokes or tell such stories around his mother. What is John's
behavior an example of?
A.
Impression overload
B.
Impression management
C.
Impression supervision
D.
Impression conflict
What is NOT an example of a coercive organization?
A.
Prison
B.
Reform School
C.
McDonald's
D.
Mental institution
In Democracy of America, what did Alexis de Tocqueville call America?
A.
B.
C.
D.
"A
"A
"A
"A
nation of dissenters"
country of ex-patriots"
country of followers"
nation of joiners"
What is most accurate about the Internet and networks?

A
.
B
.
C
.
People only form networks online about topics they are uncomfortable
or embarrassed about discussing off-line.
People are not easily able to assume pseudo-identities or aliases.
Message boards and chat rooms allow people more creativity in playing
roles than may exist in live interaction.
D The Internet is extremely isolating, causing people to have a lack of interaction in any
. form with others.
What is an achieved status best defined as?

A. An involuntary status society gives us.
B. A voluntary status one attains.
C.
D.
An accident status we neither earn nor reject.

An unwanted status that we attain but later regret.
Talking is an example of what type of communication?

A.
Verbal communication
B.
Nonverbal communication
C.
Attached communication
D.
Communication action
What does the term 'molecular cement" that links individuals in groups by Robert Nisbet refer
to?
A.
Five basic patterns of familial life
B.
Five basic patterns of social interactions

Three basic patterns of social interactions
Six complex patterns of social behavior
C.
D.
When an aggregate of individuals who happen to be together but experience themselves

as seperate persons is present what is this described as being?
A.
Crowd
B.
Group
C.
Mono-dyad
D.
Organization
What is different about a group from a crowd?
A.
B.
A group has cohesion.

A group is large.
C. A group is people all in the same place.

D. A group experiences itself as made up of totally independent members.
What best describes instrumental reason for secondary groups to come together?
A. Working together to distract from common goals.
B. Providing emotional support, love, companionship, and security.
C. Working together to meet common goals.
D. Working together to meet others who share similar instrumental
needs.
A status, either ascribed or achieved, that overshadows all others, dominating our lives and
controlling our position in society is reffered to as what type of status?
A.
Overachieved
B.
Underachieved
C.
Minor
D.
Master
Behaviors that are oriented toward others are called?
A.
Meta-actions
B.
Social constructions
C.
Social interactions
Social cohesiveness
D.
What concept is defined as an organized collection of individuals and institutions, bounded by

space in a coherent territory, subject to the same political authority, and organized through a
shared set of cultural expectations and values?
A.
Culture
B.
Context
C.
Society
D.
Structure
When a person attempts to give the best performance possible, he/she is doing what type of work
according to Goffman?
A.
Grace
B.
Identity
C.
Face
D.
Self
Who coined the term looking-glass self?
A.
George Herbert Mead
B.
Charles Horton Cooley
C.
Erving Goffman
D.
Karl Mar
When you are aware of the subtle differences amoung the individual members of your group this
is called?
A.
In-group heterogeneity
B.
Out-group homogeneity
C.
In-group homogeneity
Out-group homogeneity
D.
Erving Goffman called his theory what?

A.
Dramaturgy
B.
Liturgy
C.
Zymurgy
D.
Chemurgy
Which theorist is credited with first describing the essential characteristics of bureaucracies?
A.
Robert Merton
B.
Erving Goffman
C.
D.
Max Weber
Emile Durkheim
Which theorist explained that people create a "self" through our interactions with others?
A.
Karl Marx
B.
George Herbert Mead
C.
Erving Goffman
D.
Max Weber
Quiz 4
According to your text, what type of sample do most qualitative studies use?
A.
Cluster sample
B.
Random sample
C.
General sample
D.
Purposive sample
When researcher has "gone native" what has occured?

A The researcher has uncritically embraced the groups' way of seeing
.
things.
B The researcher cannot turn off his/her filter and is unable to see things
.
the group's perspective.
C The researcher is overly critical toward the group.
.
D
.
The researcher does not spend enough time with the group to really
understand their perspective.
A controlled form of observation with an independent and dependent variable is known as what?
A.
Participant observation
B.
Experiment
Content analysis
Secondary analysis
C.
D.
What is known as the ability to generate testable hypothesis from data and to "predict" the
outcomes of some phenomenon or event?
A.
Causality
B.
Correlation
C.
Predictability
Reliability
D.
When a sample is divided into different groups before being constructed, and the researcher
makes sure that she gets an adequate number of members of each group, this sample is called?
A.
Purposive
B.
Cluster
C.
Stratified
Totally random
D.
What best describes a survey?

A A one-on-one interview administered to participants which collects
.
information about attitudes or behaviors.
B A content anaylsis administered with books, whcih collects information
.
about attitudes or behaviors.
C An ethnographic study which collects information about attitudes or
.
behaviors.
D A set of questions administered to participants which collects
.
information about attitudes or behavoirs.
What is a sample taken by using an abstract or arbitrary method?
A.
Defined
B.
Stratified
C.
Purposive
D.
Random
When a researcher wants to begin researching he needs approval from what university group?
A.
RRG
B.
FDA
C.
IRB
D.
ASA
What does a Likert scale measure?

A Levels of agreement only with a set of offered statements on a
.
questionnaire.
B Levels of neither agreement nor disagreement but only a simple yes or
.
no with a set of offered statements on a questionnaire.
C Levels of agreement or disagreement with a set of offered statements
.
on a questionnaire.
D Levels of disagreement only with a set of offered statements on a
.
questionnaire.
Which best describes a hypothesis?
A. Predicts a relationship between two variables, independent and dependent.
Depends on or is caused by the independent variable.

Predicts a relationship between two variables, dependent and causal.
D. Suggest a loose relationship between two methods.
B.
C.
What is a correlation?
A. A direct relationship between two phenomena.
B. A cause and effect model.
C. A relationship between two phenomena.
D. A strong understanding of why two phenomena are both together.
Whose studies on "Obedience to Authority" had participants use "electric shocks" on "learners"
in order to test how the participants would follow orders?
A.
Robert Rosenthal
B.
Max Weber
C.
Lenore Jacobson
D.
Stanley Milgram
When sociologist want to conduct research among the people they want to study they are doing
what type of research?
A.
Controlled experiment
B.
Content anaylsis
C.
Going into the field
D.
Secondary anaylsis
When one is doing deductive reasoning what does data refer to?
A. Logically
proceeding from one demonstrable fact to the next and

deducing results.
B. Subject reasoning based on interpretative feeling and then deducing
results.
C Illogical thoughts that discount one demonstrable fact to the next and
.
deducing results.
D Subjective proceeding from one demonstrable fact to the next and
.
deducing results.
What are variables that influence the outcome of an experiment but are not actually of interest to
the researcher called?
A.
Confounding
Extra
Extraneous
D.
Controlled
What is true about interview studies?
A. They are not easily generalizable because of the sample size.
B. They include a very large sample as the norm.
B.
C.
C. Replication is easy and convenient.

D
.
It relies on other people's research that just needs to be analyzed by

the researcher.
What term is used for a subset of the population a researcher wants to study?
A.
Sample
B.
Variable
C.
Experiment
D.
Hypothesis
Which of the following is a type of research that a sociologist might engaged in?
A.
Content analysis
B.
Surveys
Observation
Interviews
All of the above
C.
D.
E.
What is the field method where researchers live and work with the group they're studying from
the group's point of view and identify themselves as a researcher?
A.
Content analysis
B.
Ethnography
C.
D.
Detached observation
Endomethodology
What could content analysis include in its intensive reading?

A.
Books
B.
Magazines
C.
Pieces of conversation
D.
Newspaper articles
All of the above
E.
What term did Max Weber use to identify "intersubjective understanding"?

A.
Soziologie
B.
Gelleschaft
C.
Verstehen
Geisteswissenschaften
D.
Christopher is planning his experiment. He will introduce change into group A and group B will
not experience any change. Which group is the control group in Christopher's experiment?
A.
Group A
B.
Group B
C.
Both are
D.
None are
Why is coming up with a good survey question hard?
A It's hard to mislead people with your wording and so you must really work at it.
.
B People don't like answering surveys and so you must trick them into
.
C The location of a question has little to do with the results, only the
.
D
.
wording matters.
The wording of the question or location of it within the survey can
change the survey results.
What form of observation does a researcher perform if she is not involved in any way in the
event being observed?
A.
Aloof
B.
Distant
Remote
Detached
C.
D.
it.
When a researcher colects data she must ensure teh data is which two things?
A.
Valid; licit
B.
Valid; reviewed
C.
Reliable; constant
D.
Valid; reliable
Quiz 5 review
------------examines how an individual's interactions with his or her environment--other people,
institutions, ideas-- help a person develop a sense of "self.
symbolic interactionism
A group of only two people is a-------
Dyad
The American flag is a ________ because it carries an additional meaning beyond itself to others
who share in the American culture.
Symbol
_________ refers to formal and systematic information, organized and coherent.

Data
_________ is an organized collection of individuals and institutions.

Society
Fashions are more permanent than a ________.

Fad
__________ is a field method used most often by anthropologists when they study other cultures.
Ethnography
__________ refers to any position that carries with it certain expectations, rights, and
responsibilities.
Status
___________is a relationship between two phenomenon
Correlation
___________ status refers to status we receive involuntarily, such as being "male" or being
"female".
Ascribed
What concept is defined as an organized collection of individuals and institutions, bounded by

space in a coherent territory, subject to the same political authority, and organized through a
shared set of cultural expectations and values?
A.
Culture
B.
Context
C.
Society
D.
Structure
Relatively weak and informal norms are ________.
Folkways
___________ functions are hidden and unintended.
Latent
Weber added the concepts of "status" and _________ to class.

Party
Jenny is performing analysis on already existing data and is performing ________ analysis.
Secondary
Cultural _______ proposes that all cultures are equally valid in the experience of their own
members.
Relativism
What theorist argued that different groups possess "cultural capital"?
A.
Pierre Bourdieu
B.
C.
D.
Robert Merton
Emile Durkheim
William Ogburn
/19/16
-US Census estimates there are 350 diff languages spoken in the homes of US
residents
-Approx. 50% of Brazilians are overweight
-B-Leisure are millennials (mix business with leisure)
-New virus out of Brazil (zika virus) affects pregnant women, if infected, your
child has severe neurological problems (smaller brain)
-On average, teenagers send 2,000 text messages a month
1/21/16
-The Happy Birthday song is copyrighted song...must pay $100,000 to use it (ie
on commercials)
-80% of flowers used in USA come from overseas
-The gaming industry is worth $80 billion worldwide
-China has 2nd largest economy in the world
-DMV has the worst traffic congestion in the nation
-Los Angeles has the highest # of homeless vets
-1st year temps were recorded was in 1880; 2015 was the hottest year on
record
-US National debt is 18 trillion
1/28/16
-European country will be cashless by 2030: Sweden; 20% activities occur with
cash currently in Sweden, US is 40%
-Wyoming produces 50% of the coal produced used by US
-3 billion people lives on less than $2.50 a day
-Everyday, 16% of searches are searches that Google has never seen before
-Women who do lightweight and resistance training can reduce their type II
diabetes by 2%
-Small pickup truck sales have increases by 20% in 2015
-George Washington University doesn't use SAT scores as a requirement to get
in
The 12th most popular country

Phillipines

How many muscles in the human body
650
How many states in the US?

Healthiest state?
-50
-Hawaii
Hawaii
only 14.1% smoke and they have the lowest obese rate
Largest refugee in Kenya

Dadaab, 1991 half million population
Happiest country is
-Columbia, 85% ppl said they are happy
-fiji, saudi arabia
How many billionaires across the world

1,820
Happiest at their job
Dermatologists, ophthalmologists, psychiatrist
How many cars and trucks sold in the US last year

17.4 million
Life span of a rabbit

8-12 years
Number of Indian tribes

566 tribes
90% of Finland engages in at least how many sporting events each week
Two events
How many physical activity locations in Finland

30,000 making it the largest per capita
Belgium has
text walkers lane for people that text & walk
What percentage of Brazilians are considered overweight

50%
U.S. census estimates that

there are about 350 different languages spoken in homes of US residents
B. Leisure travelers
'billionaires' that travel and mix business and leisure together
Originated in Brazil & effects pregnant women, child gets severe neurological
problems...
Zika Virus
On average, teenagers send over

2,000 text messages a month
$100,000 has to be paid to

sing the Happy Birthday song in commercials bc it is copyrighted
80% of flowers in the US come from

overseas
The game industry is worth

$80 billion worldwide
2nd largest economy

China
The DMV has the

worst traffic congestion in the nation
Has the largest number of homeless veterans

Los Angeles
First year temperature was recorded was in 1880

and 2015 was the hottest in record
the US national debt is

$18 trillion
Rubik's cube was solved

January 2006 by a 12 year old
Sweden hopes to be a cashless society by

2030, %20 with cash... 40% in the US
Wyoming produces
50% of US coal
3 billion people live on less than

$2.50 a day
Everyday, an estimated 16% of searches that are done

Google has not seen before
Women who engage in light weights & resistance training can

reduce type 2 diabetes by 33%
Small pick up trucks sales has increased

20% in 2015
George Washington University

disallowed SATs as a requirement
22 vets
take their lives every day
Apple is considered the richest publicly traded company

The last stock share was $665 & the company is worth $660 billion
Number of registered independent voters
24 million
1 billion birds die

by crashing into glass windows
Uber is worth
60 billion
First head transplant in Italy last year

estimated cost of $11 million
QUIZ 6
Risk factors for HIV/AIDS include:

oral sex
sharing intravenous needles
being in close proximity to HIV infected persons
a and b
Which animal in the book is used as a "symbolic" representation of an "unbridled" stressor,

especially when it is untamed and ferocious? Also, what is this animal's Latin name?
A.
Lion; Panthera legress
B.
Panther; Panthera pantheress
C.
Leopard; Lepara Leopress
D.
Tiger; Panthera tigris
What is true about depression?

A. It is a disease involving the chemistry of the brian.
B.
C.
D.
Untreated, it is not a very disabling disease.

Approximately 15% of college students have symptoms
a and c
The "father" of stress is called?
B.
Walter Cannon
Hans Selye
C.
Herbert Mead
D.
none of the above
A.
Which age group is expected to have a projected 15% increase in college enrollment between the
year 2000 and 2012?
A.
25-29 year old population
B.
C.
D.
35+ year old population
As discussed in the book, stress has reached epidemic proportions because...
Time magazine ran a cover story on stress.
A.
B.
C.
Three of the best selling drugs are Tagamet,

Indernal, and Valium.
All of the above
Which of the following was reported as the strongest predictor of obtaining a bachelor's degree
in college?
A.
SAT scores
B.
(strong) high school curriculum
C.
parent's socioeconomic background
D. students' motivation levels
Sexual orientation is defined as what?
A. An identity determined by one's sexual partner(s).
B. One's attractions/feelings toward women and/or men.
C. One's curiosities of the opposite sex.
D. An expression of the desires one has for the opposite sex.
Which of the following is true?

A. stress is subjective
B. stress is caused by our response to the environment
C. E + P = R
D. al of the above
The Yerkes-Dodson Law states that

A. when students experience low stress levels and high stress levels they learn the
most.
when students experience moderate stress levels they learn the

most.
C. when students experience zero stress levels they learn the most.
D. when students experience low levels of stress they learn the most.
B.
Which stressor deals more with interpersonal conditions or relationships?

A.
academic stressors
B.
psychosocial stressors
C.
private life stressors
D.
personality stressors
The purpose of National College Health Risk Behavior Survey (NCHRBS) is to monitor a broad
range of priority health-risk behaviors including:
A. sexual behaviors that contributes to unintended pregnancy
B. tobacco use
C. alcohol and other drug use
D. all of the above
Good stress is called
A.
B.
C.
D.
z-stress
contemporary stress
human stress
eustress
Regarding HIV/AIDS,
A approximately 22,000 AIDS cases have been reported in individuals
.
between the ages of 20-24.
B many of individuals with AIDS in the 25-35 age group actually aquired
.
the HIV infection in their late teens and early twenties.
C
.
D
.
all of the above

none of the above
The following statement(s) is (are) correct:

Approximately 1.3% of college women report the occurence of an
unintended pregnancy as a cause of an academic problem
There is a higher rate of drinking in the college population versus peers
of the same group who do not attend college.
all of the above
none of the above
Regarding menonggococcal infection,
A there is no apparent threat to the college population
.
B
.
C
.
D
.
college freshmen living in dormitories have a higher risk of contracting

meningtis than other college students
all students are equally at risk
none of the above
The first national survey to measure health-risk behaviors among college students across six
important behavioral areas is called:
A. The National College Student Health Survey (NCSHS)
B. The College Student Infectious Disease Survey (CSIDS)
C. The National College Health Risk Behavior Survey (NCHRBS)
D. The Annual U.S. College Health Survey (AUSCHS)
Based on how stress is defined in the book, it is a discrepancy between which of the following?
A.
Energy and will power
B.
Demands and resources
C.
Perception and insight
D.
Knowledge and ignorance

A. There
is a postive relationship between educational attainment and

income.
B. Males
C
.
D
.
and females receive the same income when they have similar
educational levels.
all of the above
none of the above
Regarding facts associated with students' persistence after 3 years of college enrollment, it was
reported that as of 1998
A roughly 2/3 of students who had first enrolled in a 4-year college in
.
1995-1996 were still enrolled at the same college.
B 1/5 of students had transfered to another institution.
.
C
.
D
.
13% had left and not returned.

all of the above
The following statement(s) is(are) correct:

A. Stressful events and experiences can trigger episodes of depression
B. 85% of college students have symptoms of depression
C. More than 18 million American adults have depression.
D. a and c
According to a U.S Department of Education Report
A there is an estimated 428,280 students with disabilities enrolled at 2.
year and 4-year post-secondary institutions during the periods of 1996
through 1998.
B as a category "learning disabilities" is the most frequent disability.
.
C
.
D
.
both of the above

none of the above
Generally speaking, research on eating and dietary habits of college students indicate that they:
A. eat regular meals
B. eat the suggested nutrients in various foods
C. drink the recommended quantity of water
D. none of the above
Based on the discussion in class, as well as the information in the stress book, which of the
following infections has the highest occurence among (incoming) freshmen?
A.
gastrointestinal
cardiac
herpes
meningococcal
B.
C.
D.
Of all the main stressors discussed in the book, which is the most dominant stressor that
affects (influences) all the other stressors?
A.
B.
C.
D.
personality
private life
psychosocial
academic
QUIZ 8
Which of the following was not mentioned as involving misconceptions about relaxation?
A. leisure time
B. playing with pets
C. vacations
D. watching movie shows and television
Based on the 101 Stress management Tips For College Students in the Appendix of the book,
which was not one of the factors listed?
A.
acquire a meal plan and stick with it
B.
read and know your college catalog
C.
take time to smell the roses
D. when in doubt ask questions
Caffeine is perhaps one of the most serious of the _________ and it is recommended that the
drinking of coffee be stopped, if possible, or severely curtailed.
A.
risk factors
B.
pseudostressors
C.
irritants of our stomach walls
D.
contributors to headaches
According to the book, students' PPOA must incorporate information in the 3-Step Approach to
Stress Management called the __________ Approach.
A.
A-B-C
B.
E-P-R
C.
I-R-M
D.
R-P-E
In the new and revised USDA Food Pyramid, the color code guide has recommendations that
include:
A.
variety
B.
volume
C.
proportionality
D.
a and c
Based on the information presented in the book, which stress management strategy is similar to
personality stressors in terms of its level of importance?
A.
situational strategies
B.
relaxation experiences
C.
cognitive restructuring
D.
personal management
Which of the following factors is not included in the food pyramid?
A.
Fruits
B.
milk/dairy products
C.
vegetables
D.
none of the above
In order to manage stress more effectively, change has to occur in students'
A.
feelings
B.
situational views
C.
interactions with others
D.
all of the above
Systematic Methods of Relaxation include
A.
jumping rope
B.
biofeedback
C.
progressive relaxation
D.
b and c
The very common aerobic exercises include

A.
swimming
B.
walking
C.
jogging
D.
all of the above
Which of the following is(are) correct when speaking about a 'To do List" as discussed in the
book?
A. activities that need immediate action
B. activities that can be addressed in the distant future
C. activities that can be done at any time
D. b and c
Of all the skills mentioned in the book, which one is the most important in terms of its relative
"umbrella' position and function compared with others?
A.
coping skills
B.
action skills
C.
acceptance skills
D.
awareness skills
Please complete the statement: " _________ are simple statements that you say to yourself over
and over again...through constant repetition, your subconscious mind picks up the message and
you start taking action to create change."
A.
serial expressions
B.
logical expressions
C.
all of the above
D.
affirmations
Which stress management strategy is referred to in the book as the most important strategy given
that it subsumes all the other strategies?
A.
B.
psychosocial adjustments
C.
D.
lifestyle adjustments
As discussed in the book, for students to develop effective study habits they must engage in
A. an evaluation of their sleeping patterns
B. a clear plan to meditate at least 2 times a day
C. the practice to have supportive friends
D. activities that will establish their values, priorities and goals to be
accomplished
In the book tips for reducing text anxiety include which of the following:
A.
prayers
B.
a positive attitude
C.
relaxation techniques
D.
b and c
Trying to improve your communication fell under
A.
B.
situational adjustments
C.
none of the above
D.
Setting realistic goals falls under which stress management strategy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
none of the above
According to the book, time management is really a misnomer and it should really be called
A.
group activity
B.
self-management
C.
individual realization
D.
none of the above
Basically, _________________ is a technique used to change how we look at things in order that
we may feel better about them.
A.
reflection
B.
introspection
C.
hindsight
D.
reframing
Which of the following was not mentioned in the book as being associated with changes in your
life?
A.
thinking
B.
meditation
C.
self-care behaviors
D.
personal management
Under which stress management strategy does "ReZeroing" fall?
A.
B.
C.
D.
lifestyle adjustments
As discussed in the book, "talking things out" can result in
A. allowing you to find a solution
B. allowing you to get rid of "pent-up" feelings
C. all of the above
Which of the following was not one of the tips listed in the book to improve test taking?
A. be prepared
B. ask for help
C. get plenty of sleep and eat well before a test
General Methods of Relaxation include
A. getting away from it all
B. taking warm showers/baths
C. all of the above
D. running a minimum of 5 miles per day
Garrett is three years old and loves to pretend to be Spiderman. He pretends to do all the things
that he believes Spiderman might do. What stage of development, according to Mead, is Garrett
doing?
A.
Imitation
B.
Game
C.
Operational
Play
D.
When does gender socialization begin?

A.
At birth
B.
Early preschool years
C.
Elementary school
D.
Middle school
What does morality mean in the preconventional stage of Kohlberg's theory?

A. Relativism
B.
Seeing some acts as essentially good or bad
C.
Avoiding punishment and gaining rewards
D.
Non-absolutism
What are our friends also known as when discussing agents of socialization?
A.
Acquaintances
B.
Familial supports
C.
People we know in school only
D.
Peer groups
After young adulthood what is the next life stage in adulthood?

A.
Old
B.
Young middle
C.
Middle age
D.
Older young
What is the force that balances our drive for self-gratification and social rules known as?
A.
Eros
B.
Ego
C.
Id
D.
Superego
Which of the following could be an example of Freud's oral stage of development?
A.
Defecation
B.
Urination
C.
Breastfeeding
D.
Attraction to others
What best describes primary socialization?

A Occurs throughout life, every time we start something new and must
.
gain new behavioral patterns in the process.
B Occurs throughout life, gives us basic behavioral patterns, but does not
.
allow for adaptation.
C Occurs during childhood, gives us basic behavioral patterns, but allows
.
for adaptation and change later on.
D Occurs during early childhood, allowing for little adaptation and change
.
later on.
What does nature refer to?
A. Our biological makeup.
B.
How we grow up.
C.
Our sociological makeup.
D.
How we learn from our environment.
The idea of "faking until you make it" where a person begins to act out a role even before he or
she has it could be understood as a what form of socialization?
A.
Anxious
B.
Redefined
C.
Prepared
D.
Anticipatory
Which of the following is a possible agent of socialization?

A.
Family
B.
Mass media
C.
Religion
D.
All of the above
Which is NOT true about how modern society sees children?

A.
Little adults
B.
Innocents
C.
In need of protection
D.
In need of guidance
Lenore is teaching her three-year old daughter about colors. What is this an example of?
A.
Socialization
B.
Programming
C.
Indulgence
Instinct
What do studies of isolated children reveal?
A Some will recover, with little to no effort and specialized care.
D.
.
B
.
C
.
Most will suffer permanent damage.
Some will recover, with effort and specialized care, but others will
suffer permanent damage.
D Most will not suffer permanent damage.
.
Which theorist developed a three-stage theory of socialization that included imitation, play, and
games?
A.
George Herbet Mead
B.
Jean Piaget
C.
Sigmund Freud
D.
Charles H. Cooley
What is it known as when a person must learn a new set of values, behaviors, and attitudes that
are different from those previously held?
A.
Anticipatory socialization
B.
Resocialization
C.
Desocialization
D.
Staged socialization
Which of the following is NOT one of the elements of self in Freud's theory?
A.
Id
B.
Superego
C.
Ego
D.
Eros
What is NOT accurate about religion?

A 40% of the U.S. population attends religious services every week.
.
B
.
C
.
D
.
We are socialized by religious views in various other settings beside a

house of worship or prayer.
It has little impact on socialization in the United States.
It gives us a divine motivation for instilling social norms in children and
adults.
Lawrence Kohlberg built on Jean Piaget theory to argue what about development?
A. Psychological development is in three stages.
B.
Abstract thought is in three stages.
C.
Concrete reasoning is in three stages.
D.
Moral development is in three stages
When does primary socialization occur?

A.
Young adulthood
B.
Old age
C.
Childhood
D.
Middle age
What best describes secondary socialization?

A It occurs during infancy as we wean from our mothers and develop
.
interest in other caregivers.
B It occurs during our teen years but not as we enter into adulthood.
.
C
.
D
.
It occurs during childhood and gives us basic patterns of behavior.

It occurs throughout life, each time we change social roles and
abandon old behavior patterns and develop new patterns.
What is most accurate about mass media?

A It is not interacted with daily by most Americans.
.
B
.
C
.
Television is the most dominant form across the world.

For teenagers, radio and magazines play little role in socialization.
D
.
Video games have now become a more important form of mass media
over the last 20 years.
What is it known as when a person can "internalize" the expectations of more and more people,
until eventually they take on their group as a whole?
A.
The nonparticular group
B.
The generalized other
C.
The generalized self
D.
The specific other
Who is the founder of psychoanalysis?

A.
Lawrence Kohlberg
B.
Sigmund Freud
C.
Jean Piaget
D.
George Herbert Mead
In Piaget's cognitive stages of development what is the sensorimotor stage characterized by?
A Capable of abstract thought and reasoning.
.
B
.
C
.
Capable of understanding and articulating speech and symbols.
Causal relationships are understood as are common concepts, but

cannot yet reach conclusions through general principle.
D Can understand only what they see, hear, or touch
.
Which sociologist used the term stigma to mean an attribute that changed you "from a whole and
usual person to a tainted and discounted one"?
A.
Erving Goffman
B.
Howard Becker
C.
Travis Hirschi
D.
Edwin Sutherland
Walter Reckless suggests that people are subject to what?

A.
Social controls
B.
Deviant genetic mutation
C.
Reward-benefit analysis
Only to outer controls
D.
Which theory argues that people are rational and decide whether or not to engage in an act by
weighing potential outcomes?
A.
System theory
B.
Control theory
C.
Norms theory
D.
Strain thoery
Which concept best defines when a group of formerly labeled as deviant attempts to redefine
their acts, attributes, or identities as normal?
A.
Tertiary deviance
B.
Primary deviance
C.
Quartic deviance
D.
Secondary deviance
When lawmakers interpret that a deviant act warrants formal sanctions, the act itself becomes
known as what concept?
A.
Social justice
B.
Stigma
C.
Law
D.
Crime
Philip Zimbardo proposed which theory to explain how social controls can systematically
weaken, and minor acts of deviance can spiral into severe crime and social decay?
A.
Broken windows theory
B.
Broken borders theory
C.
Open doors theory
D.
Closed homes theory
How is crime defined?

A Any act that doe snot violate a formal normative code but does violate
.
an informal normative code.
B Any act that is deemed legal but not socially approved.
.
C
.
D
.
Any act that is deemed legal and is socially approved by legislature.

Any act that violates a formal normative code that has been enacted by
a legally constituted body.
When a person repeatedly breaks a norm and people start making a big deal of it, this is an
example of what concept?
A.
Primary deviance
B.
Tertiary deviance
C.
Secondary deviance
D.
Quartic deviance
Which of the following best describes differential association theory?

A. Deviance is a matter of rewards and punishment.
B.
Deviance is a matter of discipline and desire.
C.
Deviance is a bio-social trait that is inherited via genetics.
D.
Deviance is a result of anomie.
Which theorist developed differential association theory to explain deviance?

A.
Karl Marx
B.
Erving Goffman
C.
Travis Hirschi
D.
Edwin Sutherland
What appears to be the largest bias motivator in hate crimes?

A.
Religion
B.
Gender
C.
Race
D.
Sexual orientation
What does opportunity theory hold?

A That those who have less opportunities will be more likely to commit
.
crimes than those who have more opportunities.
B That minor acts can become extremely deviant when communities
.
break down due to severe crime and social decay.
That there is strain between socially promoted goals and the means an
individual has to achieve them.
D That those who have many opportunities will be more likely to commit
.
crimes than those who have few opportunities
C
.
What does parolee and ex-con disenfranchisement refer to?

A. Being denied the right to vote.
B.
Being denied the right to own property.
C.
Being denied the right to practice one's religion.
D.
Being denied the right to work.
In strain theory what causes the strain?

A When a religious group promotes certain goals but decries unequal
.
means of acquiring them.
B When a society promotes certain goals but provides unequal means of
.
acquiring them.
C When a society promotes certain goals but provides equal means of
.
acquiring them.
D When an individual promotes certain goals but refuses to find means to
.
acquire them.
Which of the following is NOT oan example of outer social control?
A.
Conscious
B.
Police
C.
Teachers
D.
Family
According to Becker, labeling theory was used to stress what?

A. The absolute morality surrounding deviance.
B.
The objective truth of deviance.
C.
The non-relative nature of deviance
D.
The relativity of deviance.
When a person simply breaks a social rule or refuses to follow the behavior, this is known as?
A.
Deviance
B.
Stigmata
C.
Criminal
D.
Normal
Lisa recieved an email informing her that her bank account was overdrawn, and she was told to
click on the weblink in her email and enter her account information. Lisa has been the target of
what type of cybercrime?
A.
Dangling
B.
Spamming
C.
Phishing
D.
Hacking
In strain theory what do rebels do?

A. Accept both the means and the values of society, whether they achieve
the goal or not.
B. Accept the means but reject the values.
C. Reject
D
.
both the means and the values and substitute new ones.
Reject both the means and values, replacing them with nothing.
What social norms have strong moral significance, are viewed as essential to the proper
functioning of the group, and are often made into laws?
A.
Mores
B.
Stigmas
C.
Folkways
D.
Stigmata
Which one of the following is NOT one of Edwin Lemert's forms of deviance?
A.
Quartic
B.
Primary
C.
Secondary
D.
Tertiary
Which is most accurate white-collar crimes?

A. They often involve the use of force on behalf of a large corporation.
B.
They are illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf.
C.
They are illegal actions of individuals who act on their own behalf.
D.
They do not involve the use of credit but are fradulent.
Which group evolves from within a dominant group?

A.
Subculture
B.
Minor culture
C.
Reformation culture
D.
Majority culture
Which of the following best describes taboos?

A They are prohibitions viewed as nonessential to the well-being of
.
humanity and are a subset of stigmas.
B They are not prohibitions but are viewed as essential to the well-being
.
of humanity.
C They are prohibitions viewed as essential to the well-being of humanity
.
and are a subset of mores.
D They are prohibitions that are not essential to the well-being of
.
humanity but are a subset of mores.
What is the threat society poses through the justice system to cause people to do in relation to
crime?
A. Be deterred from future crime.
B.
Be encouraged to commit crime.
C.
Be redirected while committing a crime.
D.
None of teh above
Which definition best decribes social stratification?

A Most people in the United States believe that it exists ans is visible.
.
B
.
Social stratification is a relic from the medieval period of history, which

has little part in the modern post-industrialized United States.
C It is the system of structured social inequality and the structure of
.
mobility in a society.
D It is an unstructured system that promotes equality between all
.
persons regardless of position or social status in the society.
Which of the following is NOT simply identified as an ascribed status but also as an achieved
status?
A.
Age
B.
Gender
C.
Race
D.
Class
What is the definition of global inequality?

A It is systematic differences without regard to wealth and power among
.
countries.
B It is systematic differences in wealth and power among countries.
.
C
.
D
.
It is systematic differences in wealth and power within a country.

It is a nonsystematic differences that can exist within a country bases
on wealth and power.
Which of the following best describes core countries?

A These are the most advanced industrial countries, but they do not take the lion's
. share of profits in the world economic system.
B
.
These are the least advanced industrial countries, and they take the
lion's share of profits in the world economic system.
C These are the least advanced industrial countries, and they do not take lion's share of
. the profits in the world economic system.
D
.
These are the most advanced industrial countries, and they take the
lion's share of profits in the world economic system.
Which of the following is NOT one of Max Weber's components to social class?
A.
Power (political)
B.
Social (status)
C.
Economic (class position)
D.
Dominance (power)
Which of the following would NOT apply to social stratification?

A. It is a form of equality that allows for the society to properly function.
B
.
It divides people more than it acts as a unifying force.
C People only infrequently move up in the rankings, allowing elites to maintain control.
.
D It allows for elites to maintain inequality for their own political and
.
economic advantage.
Women head one-half of all poor families. This demonstrates what concept?
A.
Feminization of poverty
B.
Feminization of status
C.
Feminization of party
D.
Feminixation of class
Which of the following was included in the feudal system?

A.
Peasants
B.
Some merchants
C.
Some "free men"
D.
Lords
E.
All of the above
Which United States president declared a "war on poverty''?

A.
John Kennedy
B.
Lyndon Johnson
C.
George W. Bush
D.
Bill Clinton
Allison owns a factory where others work for her. The factory Allison owns is demonstrative of
what Marxian concept?
A.
The median of production
B.
The means of production
C.
The mode of production
D.
The nominal production
Social mobility that occurs when a person who is working class experiences movement into the
upper class is known as?
A.
Socio-generational
B.
Intergenerational
C.
Inner-generational
D.
Intragenerational
Chris was born in Harlem into a working-class family; Chris recently received tenure at Harvard
University. Chris's ability to change social locations in the United States is an example of what
concept?
A.
Class hopping
B.
Ladder climbing
C.
Social rungs
D.
Social mobility
What do state-centered theories argue about government policies?

A Government policies do interfere with economic development but can
.
still play a key role in bringing it about.
B Government policies should not be manipulated to alter economic development.
.
C Government policies do not interfere with economic development but
.
play a key role in bringing it about.
D Government policies cannot play a key role in bringing about economic development.
.
Which of the following reasons is a cause in the decline of feudalism?

A Society began to shift from the rural manor to the urban center.
.
B
.
C
.
D
.
Free men began to disappear in the cities.

The growth of a tribal culture that promoted a rejection of urbanism.
The abolishment of the monasteries and coveanants by the Catholic
Church making it impossible for feudal lords to care for all the serfs on
their land.
In societies where social mobility is possible which of the

following is most accurate?
most people remain at the same location through out their lives
The process of exploitation that most extensively occurred between 1500 and 1900, when
England, Spain, France, and other European nations attempted to exercise control over the entire
world, is known as?
A.
Feudalism
B.
Feminism
C.
Communism
D.
Colonialism
Which of the following is NOT part of social mobility in the Unites States?
A Social mobility is not possible, instead one is born into a particular class and will
. remain there no matter what they do.
B
.
C
.
D
.
Social mobility can be either upward or downward.

Social mobility can be inter- or intragenerational.
Social mobility exists and largely takes place within groups, not
between them.
Which of the following is NOT true about the poor in America?

A. The poor live in both rural and urban areas.
The elderly are more likely to be poor than any other group of
Americans.
C. Children and women are more likely to be poor than men.
B.
D. Three
out of five poor people are working full-time.
Steve belives that people who work hard will rise to the top and those who don't will fall to the
bottom. Steve's belief is a representative of what system?
A.
Caste
B.
Egalitarianism
C.
Meritocracy
D.
Oligarchy
Which of the following is NOT a part of the modernization theory?

A A nation's poverty is largerly due to the cultural failings of developed
.
industrialized nations.
B
.
C
.
D
.
Poor countries need to give up their ''backward'' way of life and adopt
modern Western values.
A nation's poverty is largely due to the cultural failings of its people.
The theory focuses on the conditions necessary for low-income country
to develop economically.
Geoff is a serf in the fuedal system. Whose estate does Geoff work on?
A.
Fuedal defensor's
B.
Feudal lord's
C.
Feudal peasant's
D.
Feudal merchant's
Which best describes the culture of poverty?

A Even though people have strong work ethic they are unable to get
.
ahead.
B People are forced by the upper class into poverty.
.
C People are socialized from one generation
.
to the next into believing

they have nothing to strive for.
D Poverty is not a result of larger social cultural factors but of individual
.
failures.
John grew up in a working-class family, but as a college student he went to Yale and earned his
MBA. John is now a CEO of a major corporation and spends his summers in the Hamptons. John
and his father are no longer part of the same social class, as his father is still working class. What
form of social mobility is demonstrated by the difference between John and his father's social
class?
A.
Inner-generational
B.
Intergenerational
C.
Monogenerational
D.
Intragenerational
John is able to set his own hours, does not have to punch a time clock, and has the ability to
decide what his work schedule will be like. John has an ability to have this amount of control
over his working situation. Which of the following concept best describes John's ability?
A.
Dominance
B.
Primacy
C.
Power
D.
Policy
How many socioeconomic classes do today's sociologist argue may exist in the United States?
A. Only two, the rich and the poor.
B.
Four strict classes as teh traditional caste system dictates.
C.
Five classes that do not allow for movement between them.
D.
At least six or more, usually divided on the basis of household income.
Reactive hypoglcemia refers to

A. high consumption of sugar within a limited amount of time
B.
low consumption within a limited amount of time
C.
consuming low amounts of potassium
As discussed in the book, what are the main areas of potential academic stressors?
A.
personal skills
B.
career plans and goals
C.
scheduled classes
D.
all of the above
Caffeine is perhaps one of the most serious of the Pseudostressors and it is recommended that the
drinking of coffee be stopped, if possible, or severely curtailed.
A.
Conscious
B.
Police
C.
Teachers
D.
Family
colonialism is the process of exploitation that most extensively occurred between 1500 and
1900, when England, Spain, France, and other European nations attempted to exercise control
over the entire world.
personality stessors are the most dominant stressors that affects all the other stressors.
Race
appears to be the largest bias motivator in hate crimes.
television is the most dominant form of mass media across the world.
Basically, is a technique used to change how we look at things in order that we may feel better
about them.
A.
reflection
B.
introspection
C.
hindsight
D.
reframing
Based on the discussion in class, as well as the information in the stress book, which of the
following infections has the heighest occurence among (incoming) freshmen?
A.
Gastrointestinal
B.
cardiac
C.
herpres
D.
meningococal
sexual orientation is defined as One's attractions/feelings toward women and/or me.

As mentioned in the book, there are approximately 3-6 million teenagers and young adults
struggling with panic disorders
Based on the relationships presented in the tables that were discussed in class, it was seen that
A low levels of personality stressors were associated with low self-control
.
means.
B low levels of academic stressors were associated with high self-control
.
means and high social support means.
C high levels of personality stressors were asscoiated with high
.
depression mean scores and low health protective behavior mean
score.
D b and c
.
Cortisol provides the fuel of battle (i.e the fight-or-flight response).
The "stomping bull" behavior belongs to which stressor?

A.
environmental stressor
B.
psychosocial stressor
C.
personality stressor
D.
academic stressor
Which type of stress deals more with tragedies, serious injuries, deaths and oftentimes involves
emergency service workers, first responders (e.g ambulance crew, police officers)?
A.
critical incident strssor
B.
acute stress
C.
chronic stress
D.
none of the above
Primary socialization occurs during childhood
As discussed in class, the authors Holmes and Rahe were associated with
A. life change events research
B.
daily hassles
C.
publication of Social Radjustment Rating Scale in 1967
D. a and c
Phillip Zimbardo proposed the Broken windows theory to explain how social controls can
systematically weaken, and minor acts of deviance can spiral into severe crime and social
decay.
Regarding menonggococcal infection
college freshmen living in dormitories have a higher risk of contracting

meningtis than other college students
What is true about depression?

it is a disease involving the chemistry of the brian,Approximately 15% of
college students have symptoms
The Yerkes-Dodson Law states that

when students experience moderate stress levels they learn the most.
Based on the discussion in class, as well as the information in the stress

book, which of the following infections has the highest occurence among
(incoming) freshmen?
Meningococcal
Risk factors for HIV/AIDS include

Oral sex,Sharing intravenous needles.

stress is subjective,stress is caused by our response to the environment,E + P
=R
Regarding HIV/AIDS,
approximately 22,000 AIDS cases have been reported in individuals between

the ages of 20-24,many of individuals with AIDS in the 25-35 age group
actually aquired the HIV infection in their late teens and early twenties.
Based on how stress is defined in the book, it is a discrepancy between

which of the following?
Demands and resources
Generally speaking, research on eating and dietary habits of college students

indicate that they
none of the above
The "father" of stress is called?

Hans Selye
Of all the main stressors discussed in the book, which is the most dominant
stressor that affects (influences) all the other stressors?
personality
The following statement(s) is (are) correct

Approximately 1.3% of college women report the occurrence of an unintended
pregnancy as a cause of an academic problem,There is a higher rate of
drinking in the college population versus peers of the same group who do not
attend college.
Sexual orientation is defined as what?
One's attractions/feelings toward women and/or men.
According to a U.S Department of Education Report

there is an estimated 428,280 students with disabilities enrolled at 2-year and
4-year post-secondary institutions during the periods of 1996 through 1998. as
a category "learning disabilities" is the most frequent disability.
The following statement(s) is(are) correct

Stressful events and experiences can trigger episodes of depression,More than
18 million American adults have depression.
Which stressor deals more with interpersonal conditions or relationships?

psychosocial stressors
As discussed in the book, stress has reached epidemic proportions because

Time magazine ran a cover story on stress. Three of the best selling drugs are
Tagamet, Indernal, and Valium.
Regarding facts associated with students' persistence after 3 years of college

enrollment, it was reported that as of 1998
roughly 2/3 of students who had first enrolled in a 4-year college in 1995-1996
were still enrolled at the same college. 1/5 of students had transfered to
another institution.,13% had left and not returned.
Which of the following was reported as the strongest predictor of obtaining a

bachelor's degree in college?
(strong) high school curriculum
Which animal in the book is used as a "symbolic" representation of an

"unbridled" stressor, especially when it is untamed and ferocious? Also, what
is this animal's Latin name?
Tiger; Panthera tigris
The first national survey to measure health-risk behaviors among college

students across six important behavioral areas is called
The National College Health Risk Behavior Survey (NCHRBS)

There is a positive relationship between educational attainment and income
Which age group is expected to have a projected 15% increase in college

enrolment between the year 2000 and 2012?
As discussed in book, stress has reached epidemic proportions because...

Time magazine ran a cover story of stress,Three of the beset selling drugs are
Tagamet, Indernal, and Valium
Which of the following is incorrect?

Close dormitory living quaters do not contribute to infectious diseases
associated with college students.
Regarding panic disorders and panic attacks, which of the following is/are
true?
Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder. Panic attacks may be seen as a kind of
"systems overload."
Reactive hypoglycemia refers to

high consumption of sugars within a limited amount of time
As discussed and illustrated in the book, in which of the three stages of the
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is the fight-or-flight response located?
Alarm Stage
Based on the relationships presented in the tables that were discussed in

class, it was seen that
low levels of academic stressors were associated with high self-control means
and high social support means.high levels of personality stressors were
asscoiated with high depression mean scores and low health protective
behavior mean score.
Being a perfectionist, having unrealistic expectations and engaging in

negative self-talk fall under which of the following categories in the book?
mind traps
Kobasa was associated with

Hardiness,Control,Challenge
As discussed in the book, the main network systems activated by the brain
via the (...) are the autonomic (or involuntary nervous system) and the
endocrine system.
hypothalamus
The main areas of stress outcomes include

Physical effects,Behavior effects,Cognitive effects
Although stress has been viewed in the past as a casual factor for ulcers,
recent evidence suggests that ulcers may also be caused by...
a bacterium called Helicobacter Pylori
As mentioned in the book, there are approximately 3-6 million teenagers and
young adults struggling with
panic disorders
Which of the following is correct?

Frustration= blocked aspirations + needs + desires.
Time management falls under which of the following main areas of academic
stressors?
personal skills
As discussed in class, the authors Holmes and Rahe were associated with
life change events research,publication of Social Radjustment Rating Scale in
1967
Which hormone literally provides the fuel of battle (i.e the fight-or-flight
response)?
cortisol
As discussed in class, post-traumatic stress and critical incident stress are

associated with
distress
As discussed in the book, what are the main areas of potential academic
stressors?
personal skills,career plans and goals,scheduled classes
As indicated in the book, published studies indicate that long term use of
marijuana can cause
memory loss,attention problems
As discussed in the book (see Chapter 14), while the ________ system is
responsible for increasing energy the ______ system is responsible for
conserving energy.
sympathetic, parasympathetic
Which two habits tend to go hand-in-hand, and often contribute to high

stress levels?
Inadequate sleeping and poor eating
The "stomping bull" behavior belongs to which stressor?

personality stressor
When an individual perceives an event (stressor) as stressful, the

_____________ controls the activation of the endocrine system and the
(autonomic) nervous system.
Hypothalamus
As discussed in the book, the nervous system is divided into

Central nervous system (CNS).Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Which type of stress deals more with tragedies, serious injuries, deaths and
oftentimes involves emergency service workers, first responders (e.g
ambulance crew, police officers)?
critical incident stress
Cannon is to the fight-or-flight response as____ is to the,General Adaptation

Syndrome.
Selye
Setting realistic goals falls under which stress management strategy?
none of the above
Which of the following is(are) correct when speaking about a 'To do List" as
discussed in the book?
activities that need immediate action
According to the book, time management is really a misnomer and it should

really be called
Self-management
In the book tips for reducing text anxiety include which of the following
Prayers,Relaxation techniques
Based on the information presented in the book, which stress management

strategy is similar to personality stressors in terms of its level of importance?
Cognitive restructuring
The very common aerobic exercises include

Swimming,Walking,Jogging
Systematic Methods of Relaxation include

Biofeedback,Progressive relaxation
General Methods of Relaxation include

Getting away from it all: Taking warm showers/ baths
Caffeine is perhaps one of the most serious of the _________ and it is

recommended that the drinking of coffee be stopped, if possible, or severely
curtailed.
Pseudostressors
As discussed in the book, "talking things out" can result in

Allowing you to find a solution, Allowing you to get rid of "pent-up" feelings
In the new and revised USDA Food Pyramid, the color guide has
recommendations that include
Variety,Proportionality
Trying to improve your communication fell under

Psychosocial adjustments
Of all the skills mentioned in the book, which one is the most important in
terms of its relative "umbrella' position and function compared with others?
Action skills
Basically, _________________ is a technique used to change how we look at

things in order that we may feel better about them.
Reframing
In order to manage stress more effectively, change has to occur in students'

Feelings, Situational views, Interactions with others
Based on the 101 Stress management Tips For College Students in the
Appendix of the book, which was not one of the factors listed?
Acquire a meal plan and stick with it
Which of the following was not mentioned as involving misconceptions about

relaxation?
Playing with pets
Please complete the statement

" _________ are simple statements that you say to yourself over and over
again...through constant repetition, your subconscious mind picks up the
message and you start taking action to create change."
: Affirmations
As discussed in the book, for students to develop effective study habits they
must engage in
activities that will establish their values, priorities and goals to be
accomplished
Under which stress management strategy does "ReZeroing" fall?
Which stress management strategy is referred to in the book as the most

important strategy given that it subsumes all the other strategies?
Which of the following factors is not included in the food pyramid?

none of the above
According to the book, students' PPOA must incorporate information in the 3Step Approach to Stress Management called the __________ Approach.
I-R-M
Which of the following was not mentioned in the book as being associated
with changes in your life?
Meditation
Which of the following was not one of the tips listed in the book to improve
test taking?
None of the above
What is NOT accurate about religion?

It has little impact on socialization in the United States.
What is the force that balances our drive for self-gratification and social rules
known as?
Ego
Who is the founder of psychoanalysis?

Sigmund Freud
What best describes secondary socialization?

It occurs throughout life, each time we change social roles and abandon old
behavior patterns and develop new patterns.
What is it known as when a person must learn a new set of values,

behaviors, and attitudes that are different from those previously held?
Resocialization
When does primary socialization occur?

Childhood
Which is NOT true about how modern society sees children?

Little adults
Which of the following is NOT one of the elements of self in Freud's theory?
Eros
Lenore is teaching her three-year old daughter about colors. What is this an
example of?
Socialization
Which of the following is a possible agent of socialization?

Family,Mass media,Religion
What are our friends also known as when discussing agents of socialization?
Peer groups
What do studies of isolated children reveal?

Some will recover, with effort and specialized care, but others will suffer
permanent damage.
Which theorist developed a three-stage theory of socialization that included

imitation, play, and games?
George Herbert Mead
After young adulthood what is the next life stage in adulthood?

Middle age
What does nature refer to?

Our biological makeup
Garrett is three years old and loves to pretend to be Spiderman. He pretends

to do all the things that he believes Spiderman might do. What stage of
development, according to Mead, is Garrett doing?
Play
What best describes primary socialization?

Occurs during childhood, gives us basic behavioral patterns, but allows for
adaptation and change later on.
In Piaget's cognitive stages of development what is the sensorimotor stage

characterized by?
Can understand only what they see, hear, or touch
The idea of "faking until you make it" where a person begins to act out a role
even before he or she has it could be understood as a what form of
socialization?
Anticipatory
What is most accurate about mass media?

Television is the most dominant form across the world.
What is it known as when a person can "internalize" the expectations of

more and more people, until eventually they take on their group as a whole?
The generalized other
What does morality mean in the preconventional stage of Kohlberg's theory?

Avoiding punishment and gaining rewards
Which of the following could be an example of Freud's oral stage of

development?
Breastfeeding
Lawrence Kohlberg built on Jean Piaget theory to argue what about

development?
Moral development is in three stages.
When does gender socialization begin?

At birth
Philip Zimbardo proposed which theory to explain how social controls can
systematically weaken, and minor acts of deviance can spiral into severe
crime and social decay?
Broken windows theory
Which concept best defines when a group of formerly labeled as deviant

attempts to redefine their acts, attributes, or identities as normal?
Tertiary deviance
Walter Reckless suggests that people are subject to what?

Social controls
What does opportunity theory hold?

That those who have many opportunities will be more likely to commit crimes
than those who have few opportunities.
Which of the following best describes differential association theory?

Deviance is a matter of rewards and punishment.
What appears to be the largest bias motivator in hate crimes?

Race
Which group evolves from within a dominant group?

Subculture
According to Becker, labeling theory was used to stress what?

The relativity of deviance.
When a person repeatedly breaks a norm and people start making a big deal
of it, this is an example of what concept?
Secondary deviance
Which theory argues that people are rational and decide whether or not to
engage in an act by weighing potential outcomes?
Control theory
Which sociologist used the term stigma to mean an attribute that changed
you "from a whole and usual person to a tainted and discounted one"?
Erving Goffman
Which one of the following is NOT one of Edwin Lemert's forms of deviance?
Quartic
How is crime defined?

Any act that violates a formal normative code that has been enacted by a
legally constituted body.
In strain theory what causes the strain?

When a society promotes certain goals but provides unequal means of
acquiring them.
Which theorist developed differential association theory to explain deviance?
Edwin Sutherland
What does parolee and ex-con disenfranchisement refer to?

Being denied the right to vote.
In strain theory what do rebels do?

Reject both the means and the values and substitute new ones.
Which is most accurate white-collar crimes?

They are illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf.

Conscious
Lisa recieved an email informing her that her bank account was overdrawn,
and she was told to click on the weblink in her email and enter her account
information. Lisa has been the target of what type of cybercrime?
Phishing
When lawmakers interpret that a deviant act warrants formal sanctions, the
act itself becomes known as what concept?
Crime
What social norms have strong moral significance, are viewed as essential to
the proper functioning of the group, and are often made into laws?
Mores
When a person simply breaks a social rule or refuses to follow the behavior,
this is known as?
Deviance
Which of the following best describes taboos?

They are prohibitions viewed as essential to the well-being of humanity and
are a subset of mores.
What is the threat society poses through the justice system to cause people
to do in relation to crime?
Be deterred from future crime.
Which of the following is NOT a part of the modernization theory?

A nation's poverty is largerly due to the cultural failings of developed
industrialized nations.
Steve belives that people who work hard will rise to the top and those who
don't will fall to the bottom. Steve's belief is a representative of what
system?
Meritocracy
Which of the following reasons is a cause in the decline of feudalism?

Society began to shift from the rural manor to the urban center.
How many socioeconomic classes do today's sociologist argue may exist in

the United States?
At least six or more, usually divided on the basis of household income.
Geoff is a serf in the fuedal system. Whose estate does Geoff work on?
Feudal lord's
The process of exploitation that most extensively occurred between 1500

and 1900, when England, Spain, France, and other European nations
attempted to exercise control over the entire world, is known as?
Colonialism
Which of the following would NOT apply to social stratification?

It is a form of equality that allows for the society to properly function.
Women head one-half of all poor families. This demonstrates what concept?
Feminization of poverty
Which United States president declared a "war on poverty''?

Lyndon Johnson
What is the definition of global inequality?

It is systematic differences in wealth and power among countries.
Allison owns a factory where others work for her. The factory Allison owns is
demonstrative of what Marxian concept?
The mode of production
John grew up in a working-class family, but as a college student he went to

Yale and earned his MBA. John is now a CEO of a major corporation and
spends his summers in the Hamptons. John and his father are no longer part
of the same social class, as his father is still working class. What form of
social mobility is demonstrated by the difference between John and his
father's social class?
Intergenerational
Which of the following is NOT true about the poor in America?

The elderly are more likely to be poor than any other group of Americans.
John is able to set his own hours, does not have to punch a time clock, and
has the ability to decide what his work schedule will be like. John has an
ability to have this amount of control over his working situation. Which of the
following concept best describes John's ability?
Power
In societies where social mobility is possible which of the following is most

accurate?
Most people remain at the same social location throughout their lives.
Which of the following is NOT one of Max Weber's components to social

class?
Dominance (power)
Which of the following is NOT simply identified as an ascribed status but also
as an achieved status?
Class
Which best describes the culture of poverty?

People are socialized from one generation to the next into believing they have
nothing to strive for.
Which of the following is NOT part of social mobility in the Unites States?
Social mobility is not possible, instead one is born into a particular class and
will remain there no matter what they do.
Chris was born in Harlem into a working-class family; Chris recently received
tenure at Harvard University. Chris's ability to change social locations in the
United States is an example of what concept?
Social mobility
Which definition best decribes social stratification?
It is the system of structured social inequality and the structure of mobility in a

society.
Which of the following was included in the feudal system?

Peasants,Some merchants,Some "free men",Lords
What do state-centered theories argue about government policies?

Government policies do not interfere with economic development but play a
key role in bringing it about.
Which of the following best describes core countries?

These are the most advanced industrial countries, and they take the lion's
share of profits in the world economic system.
Social mobility that occurs when a person who is working class experiences
movement into the upper class is known as?
Intragenerational
An estimated 8 million tons of plastic is being dumped in oceans each year

and
by 2050 there will be as much plastic as there is fish
16% of 29 year olds

have a drivers license
McDonalds buys 14 billion chickens each year

in the next 2 years they'll only buy chicken that are free ranged (not caged)
165 billion dollars of food

is wasted each year
1 in 5 Americans get sick each year by

food borne pathogens
40% of food
is wasted in the US each year
50 million americans suffer from food insufficiency

17 million of those are children
Progeria disease is
a premature aging disease where individuals can be 15 years old body but
again rapidly
-350 ppl worldwide
Most wired country in the world
Sweden
Japanese term meaning death from overwork

Karoshi
5 permanent members of UN Security Council

U.S, Russia, China, France, England
Killers of Americans
#1= Heart disease
#2= Cancer
#3= Strokes
Most organs only need

20% of functionality
2.9 trillion pounds of food

1/3 of food available never gets eaten
Each year damage from potholes cost

3 billion dollars
27% of the universe is composed of

Dark matter
28 countries composed the

European Union
1st census occurred in

1790
2000 miles of border exist in US and Mexico

700 miles has fence
Bubble wrap invented in

1951
About 8 million Americans

Are sleepwalkers
Number of iPhone users

7 million
How much of world economy is off the books

20%
S.O.M.E.
So others might eat
Has largest indoor ski resort

Dubai
435
Number of representatives
100
Number of senators
14% of water bottles

Make it to recycle
Between 2014 and 2015

Death by motor vehicles increased by 8%
Forticide
Death from the hands of others
43% of dogs
are overweight
USA Comfort
Largest hospital
- size of 3 football fields, treats 1,000 patients at a time, 40 surgical units
1.2 billion chicken wings

are eaten during the super bowl
30 second super bowl commercial costs

4.5 million
Happiest city and state

Napers, Florida
- lowest amount of stress
You should not eat more than

23 milligrams of salt each day
Amount of sugar consumed daily

22 tsp
60% of cancers that occurred in 2015,

occurred in developing countries/developing world
When did all 7,600 CVS stores stop selling cigarettes and other tobacco
products
October 1st 2013
El Salvador has one of the strictest abortion laws in the world..

can get up to 50 years for an illegal abortion
Approximately 80% of brain development occurs

by the child's 3rd birthday
Boulder, Colorado has the

thinnest, not overweight population, in the nation
CSX trains can move/transport 500 tons of freight/goods

on one gallon of fuel
Brazil has largest number of

blacks outside of Africa
Somalia has
longest coastline in Africa
Most popular muslim country

Indonesia
By 2055 the largest foreign born population will be

Asian
2015 and 2065 U.S. population will increase by 36% to 441 million people..
88% of this increase will be immigrant population, 103 million people
4.7 million couples

live together
Costs US Gov 71 million dollars to allow one astronaut to

fly on Russian Rocket going to international space station
-2017 there will be private U.S. companies to do the same
Largest eCommerce in the world

Alibaba
College Student Stress has increased by

a fold
facts
1. Forticide (death from the hands of others)
2. 43% of dogs in the US are considered overweight
3. US Comfort is the size of 3 football fields, can treat 1000 patients at a time
and has 40 surgical units
4. 1.2 Billion chicken wings were eaten during the SuperBowl (4.5 billion for 30
seconds of commercial
5. Happiest city and state in the US is Naples, Florida
6. You should not eat more
Fill in the blank
________ means how we grow up: what we learn from our physical environment and our
encounters with other people. A) Nurture B) Genetics C) Nature D) Personality Answer: A
The belief that people are blank slates is called ________. A) Austere ripa B) Tabula rasa C)
Mort vernal D) Vita lapis Answer: B
________ is the process by which we become aware of ourselves as part of a group, learn how
to communicate with others in the group, and learn the behavior expected of us. A) Nurturing
B) Formalization C) Socialization D) Cooperativism
The ________ child supposedly lives in the wild and does not have any adult contact. A)
Barnyard B) Woodlen C) Instinctive D) Feral
Mead argued there were ________ stages in the development of the perspective of the other.
A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four
) When a person takes on the role of their group as a whole, this is the ________. A)
Generalized other B) Focused group C) Wider self D) Peripheral other
In Piagets theory, the ________ stage is from birth to age 2 and children experience the world
through their senses. A) Sensorimotor B) Preoperational C) Concrete operational D) Formal
operational
________ developed a theory of moral development based on Piagets work. A) Sigmund

Freud B) George Herbert Mead C) Lawrence Kohlberg D) Stanley Milgram
In Kohlbergs theory, ________ is the stage from ages 9 to 20 when children or teenagers are
developing the ability to move beyond their immediate desires to a larger social context. A)
Preconventional B) Non-conventional C) Post-conventional D) Conventional
The ________ is pure impulse. A) Superego B) Id C) Ego D) Conscience Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 135 Skill: Knowledge
11) The ________ is internalized social norms and values. A) Superego B) Lesser ego C) Ego
D) Id Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 135 Skill: Knowledge
12) The ________ channels impulses into socially accepted norms. A) Superid B) Superego C)
Id D) Ego Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 135 Skill: Knowledge
13) ________ is when you begin to enact the behaviors and traits of the status you expect to
occupy. A) Prepared socialization B) Anticipatory socialization C) Fake-it socialization D)
Pretend socialization Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 136-137 Skill: Knowledge
14) ________ involves learning new sets of values, behaviors, and attitudes different from
what you previously held. A) Role socialization B) Desocialization C) Anticipatory
socialization D) Resocialization Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 137 Skill: Knowledge
15) ________ of socialization are people, groups, or social institutions that socialize new
members either formally or informally. A) Realtors B) Agents C) Brokers D) Vicars Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 137 Skill: Knowledge
16) ________ socialization occurs during childhood. A) Primary B) Initial C) Secondary D)

Adaptive Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 137 Skill: Knowledge 65 CHAPTER 5
SOCIALIZATION
17) ________ socialization occurs throughout life. A) Primary B) Lifetime C) Staged D)

Secondary Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 137 Skill: Knowledge
18) It is our ________ that gives us our first statuses and initially socializes us. A) Government
B) Friends C) Family D) Education system Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 138 Skill:
Comprehension
19) Our ________ tend to be age specific in modern society. A) Primary groups B) Peer groups
C) Secondary groups D) Religious groups Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 141 Skill: Knowledge
20) ________ marks the beginning of adolescence. A) Puberty B) Completing your education
C) Independence D) Dependence Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 144 Skill: Knowledge
21) ________ adulthood is between adolescence and full adulthood. A) New B) Middle C)
Young D) Starter Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 146 Skill: Comprehension
22) Middle age is roughly between ________ years of age. A) 25-55 B) 40-65 C) 30-60 D) 5070 Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 146 Skill: Knowledge
23) ________ socialization occurs when boys and girls are socialized to accept two entirely
different sets of social norms. A) Difference B) Masculine C) Feminine D) Gender Answer: D
24) ________ are expected to be tough, aggressive, loud, and athletic. A) Boys B) Girls C)
Both boys and girls D) Neither boys nor girls Answer: A
25) When girls are tough, loud, aggressive, and athletic they are labeled a ________. A) Sissy
B) Jane sprat C) Tomboy D) Little man Answer: C
1) Breaking a social rule, or refusing to follow one, is called ________. A) Sassy B) Criminal
C) Deviance D) Stigma Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 154 Skill: Knowledge 77 CHAPTER 6
DEVIANCE AND CRIME
2) When lawmakers consider a deviant act bad enough to warrant ________ sanctions it
becomes a crime. A) Formal B) Informal C) Overloaded D) Private Answer: A Diff: 3 Page
Ref: 154 Skill: Comprehension
3) ________ are routine, usually unspoken conventions of behavior. A) Mores B) Laws C)

Taboos D) Folkways Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 155 Skill: Knowledge
4) A prohibition viewed as essential to the well-being of humanity, such as incest, is a

________. A) Taboo B) Law C) Mores D) Folkway Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 156 Skill:
Application
5) ________ is an attribute that changes youfrom a whole and usual person to a tainted and
discounted one. A) Strain B) Stigma C) Soil D) Stigmata Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 156
Skill: Knowledge
6) To act like a ________ is to exaggerate the differences between the stigmatized and the
dominant group. A) Minstrel B) Jester C) Clown D) Fool Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 156
Skill: Comprehension
7) A ________ is a group that evolves within a dominant culture, always more or less hidden
and closed to outsiders. A) Sideculture B) Midculture C) Subculture D) Underculture Answer:
C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 157 Skill: Knowledge
8) Edwin H. Sutherlands theory of ________ suggests that deviance is a matter of rewards

and punishments. A) Criminal code B) Differential association C) Deviance equation D)
Control theory Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 160 Skill: Knowledge 78 TEST BANK FOR
SOCIOLOGY NOW: THE ESSENTIALS
9) Hirschi argued that people are ________ and they decided whether or not to engage in an
act by weighing the potential outcome. A) Analytical B) Irrational C) Calculating D) Rational
Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 161 Skill: Comprehension
10) When Abbie is deciding whether or not to engage in deviance she has weighed out the
cost-benefit analysisto see if the punishment of breaking her parentsrules is worth it.
Abbies decision-making process to engage in deviance is an example of A) Demand theory
B) Differential association C) Control theory D) Labeling theory Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref:
161 Skill: Application
11) ________ controls are family, social institutions, and authority figures who influence us
into obeying social rules. A) Inner B) Behavioral C) Outer D) Autonomous Answer: C Diff: 1
12) ________ controls are internalized socialization, religious principles, the self-concept of
oneself as agood person. A) Inner B) Secondary C) Outer D) Primary Answer: A Diff: 1
13) For something to be deviant it must be ________ as deviant by a powerful group. A)

Labeled B) Targeted C) Legislated D) Processed Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 162 Skill:
Comprehension
14) ________ deviance provokes little reaction and therefore has little effect on a persons
self-concept. A) Primary B) Initial C) Secondary D) Beginning Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref:
162 Skill: Knowledge
15) When a person acquires a deviant identity this is part of ________ deviance. A) Primary B)
Later C) Secondary D) On-going Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 162 Skill: Knowledge 79
CHAPTER 6 DEVIANCE AND CRIME
16) When a society promotes certain goals but provides unequal means to obtain them, the
result is ________, a conflict between accepted social norms and social reality. A) Alienation
B) Anomie C) Disconnect D) Discontinuity Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 164 Skill: Knowledge
17) ________ is the theorist who developed strain theory. A) Karl Marx B) Emile Durkheim C)
Edwin Sutherland D) Robert K. Merton Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 164 Skill: Knowledge
18) ________ theory holds that people who have many opportunities to commit crime will be
more likely to than those without these opportunities. A) Control B) Fortune C) Opportunity
D) Differential association Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 166 Skill: Knowledge
19) ________ crime includes offenses like burglary and motor vehicle theft; there is no force
or threat of force against the victims. A) Organizational B) Violent C) White-collar D) Property
Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 168 Skill: Knowledge
20) ________ crimes are those like credit card fraud where the criminal uses a fake or stolen
credit card to buy things for himself/herself or for resale. A) Corporate B) Property C)
Consumer D) Organizational Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 168 Skill: Knowledge
21) ________ uses the Internet and World Wide Web to commit crime. A) Cybercrime B)
Property crime C) White-collar crime D) Cybernetics Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 170 Skill:
Knowledge
22) A ________ crime is committed based on motivation of bias against race, ethnicity,
religion, sexual orientation, or disability status. A) Rage B) Anger C) Hate D) Livid Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 170 Skill: Knowledge 80 TEST BANK FOR SOCIOLOGY NOW: THE
ESSENTIALS
23) ________ still commit more violent crimes and property crimes than women. A) Elderly
persons B) Men C) Children D) The middle-aged Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 173-174 Skill:
Comprehension
24) ________ are over-represented in the arrest rates, conviction rates, and the prison
population. A) Blacks B) Whites C) Asians D) Middle-Easterners Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref:
174 Skill: Comprehension
25) ________ is the concept that people who break rules must be punished. A) Deterrence B)
Recidivism C) Rehabilitation D) Retribution Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 179 Skill:
Comprehension
1) The system of structured social ________ and the structure of social ________ in a society
is called social stratification. A) Parity; Mobility B) Inequality; Permanence C) Mobility;
Equality D) Inequality; Mobility Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 190 Skill: Knowledge
2) ________ refers to a system based on ability in which those who are at the top earned it
while those at the bottom did not. A) Democracy B) Meritocracy C) Hierocracy D) Geniocracy
Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 191 Skill: Comprehension 93 CHAPTER 7 STRATIFICATION
AND SOCIAL CLASS
3) A ________ system is fixed and permanent; you are assigned a position at birth and you will
not have social mobility to leave it. A) Class B) Feudal C) Caste D) Absolute monarchy
Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 191 Skill: Knowledge
4) In medieval Europe, peasants and serfs worked the estates belonging to a group of
________. A) Feudal lords B) City shopkeepers C) Brahmin D) Feudal abbas Answer: A Diff:
2 Page Ref: 192 Skill: Comprehension
5) Class systems promote the ________ amount of social mobility. A) Least B) Most stable C)
Least stable D) Greatest Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 193 Skill: Comprehension
6) ________ is the organization of society to produce what people need to survive. A) Median
of production B) Mode of production C) Means of production D) Method of production
Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 194 Skill: Knowledge
7) According to Marx, it has always been the case that some people own the ________. A)
Median of production B) Mode of production C) Means of production D) Method of
production Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 194 Skill: Knowledge
8) Upper class capitalists are known as ________ in Marxs theory. A) Brahmin B)

Bourgeoisie C) Proletariat D) Lumpenproletariat Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 194 Skill:
Knowledge
9) According to Karl Marx, ________ are the lower classes who receive no share in profits
earned by their labor. A) Brahmin B) Bourgeoisie C) Proletariat D) Lumpenproletariat Answer:
C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 194 Skill: Knowledge 94 TEST BANK FOR SOCIOLOGY NOW: THE
ESSENTIALS
10) Max Weber argued that the components to social class were: ________, social, and
political. A) Familial B) Economic C) Education D) Network Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 194
Skill: Knowledge
11) ________ is defined as the ability to do what you want to do. A) Status B) Economics C)
Power D) Prestige Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 195 Skill: Knowledge
12) A person who is from an older established wealthy family, born into massive fortunes that
their ancestors amassed during the industrial boom of the 19th century, would be a member of
the ________. A) Upper upper class B) Lower upper class C) Upper middle class D) Middle
class Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 196 Skill: Application
13) ________ would best describe people who have a household income of between $20,000
to $40,000 and tend to be blue-collar workers. A) Upper middle class B) Middle middle class
C) Working class D) Lower class Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 197 Skill: Knowledge
14) The social class that has no income and no connection to the job market is known as the
________. A) Middle class B) Working class C) Lower class D) Underclass Answer: D Diff: 1
15) A status that is fixed at birth is called an ________ status. A) Achieved B) Ascribed C)
Unofficial D) Official Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 201 Skill: Knowledge
16) The ________ is the estimated minimum income required to pay for food, shelter, and
clothing. A) Poverty line B) Income gap C) Poverty wall D) Income line Answer: A Diff: 1
Page Ref: 203 Skill: Knowledge 95 CHAPTER 7 STRATIFICATION AND SOCIAL CLASS
17) ________ is the sociological term that is used for the confluence of factors that has made
women a disproportionate number of the poor. A) Feminization of social worth B)
Feminization of inequality C) Feminization of poverty D) Feminization of class Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 205 Skill: Knowledge
18) Sam believes that people are poor because they are socialized into poverty and are resigned
to a life of poverty. Sams belief illustrates the ________ theory on why people are poor. A)
Culture of wealth division B) Culture of inequality C) Culture of impoverished socialization
D) Culture of poverty Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 206 Skill: Application
19) Poverty leads to reduced ________, limiting the opportunities the poor have in securing
everything from job autonomy to health care. A) Life cycles B) Equality cycles C) Life
chances D) Equality chances Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 207 Skill: Comprehension
20) The number of the worlds poor has been ________ over the past 20 years. A) Increasing
B) Declining C) Remaining the same D) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 208
Skill: Comprehension
21) ________ social mobility happens when a person moves from working class to lower
class. A) Intragenerational B) Intergenerational C) Nongenerational D) Inner-generational
Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 209 Skill: Knowledge
22) ________ is the systematic differences in wealth and power among countries. A) Global
equality B) Global equity C) Global inequality D) Global parity Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref:
212 Skill: Knowledge
23) The United States illustrates a ________ income country. A) High B) Low C) Middle D)
Under Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 213 Skill: Application 96 TEST BANK FOR
SOCIOLOGY NOW: THE ESSENTIALS
24) ________ developed the modernization theory, a highly influential market theory. A)
Immanuel Wallerstein B) Oscar Lewis C) W. W. Rostow D) Karl Marx Answer: C Diff: 2 Page
Ref: 214 Skill: Comprehension
25) In world systems theory, the ________ is an intermediate zone that are semi
-industrialized, middle-income countries. A) Semicore B) Periphery C) Core D) Semiperiphery
Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 217 Skill: Knowledge

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Quiz 1

1-Nations that are interconnected through economic, political, cultural and

The study of personalities

Who coined the term sociology?

Racism and group superiority

2-What makes a counterculture different than a subculture?

is not different from a subculture.

3-Which of the following is an example of nonmaterial culture?

5-What best describes the term cultural lag?

7-Which best describes language?

Language merely reflects the world as we know it.

8-Which best describes values?

Symbols' meanings can change over time.

Symbols can be created at any time.

Enthnocentrism is based in what belief?

Which is not true about mores?

They are weak norms that are informally enforced.

Which best describes the culture?

In Democracy of America, what did Alexis de Tocqueville call America?

What is most accurate about the Internet and networks?

What is an achieved status best defined as?

An accident status we neither earn nor reject.

Talking is an example of what type of communication?

Five basic patterns of familial life

Five basic patterns of social interactions

When an aggregate of individuals who happen to be together but experience themselves

A group has cohesion.

C. A group is people all in the same place.

What concept is defined as an organized collection of individuals and institutions, bounded by

Erving Goffman called his theory what?

When researcher has "gone native" what has occured?

What best describes a survey?

What does a Likert scale measure?

Depends on or is caused by the independent variable.

proceeding from one demonstrable fact to the next and

C. Replication is easy and convenient.

It relies on other people's research that just needs to be analyzed by

What could content analysis include in its intensive reading?

What term did Max Weber use to identify "intersubjective understanding"?

A group of only two people is a-------

_________ refers to formal and systematic information, organized and coherent.

_________ is an organized collection of individuals and institutions.

Fashions are more permanent than a ________.

What concept is defined as an organized collection of individuals and institutions, bounded by

Weber added the concepts of "status" and _________ to class.

The 12th most popular country

How many states in the US?

Largest refugee in Kenya

How many billionaires across the world

Happiest at their job

Dermatologists, ophthalmologists, psychiatrist

How many cars and trucks sold in the US last year

Life span of a rabbit

Number of Indian tribes

How many physical activity locations in Finland

What percentage of Brazilians are considered overweight

U.S. census estimates that

On average, teenagers send over

$100,000 has to be paid to

80% of flowers in the US come from

The game industry is worth

2nd largest economy

The DMV has the

Has the largest number of homeless veterans