Course:

CIVL222 Strength of Materials

Chapter 2 (continued)

Text
Mechanics of Materials
R.C. Hibbeler 8th Edition, Prentice Hall

GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING

SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS

A simpler method to construct shear and moment

diagram, one that is based on two differential
equations that exist among distributed load, shear
and moment

6.2 GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING

SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
LOAD AND SHEAR

Fy 0

V wdx (V dV ) 0
dV wdx
dV
w
dx

Slope of = distributed
shear
load intensity
diagram at each point
at each
point

using

dV wdx

dV

wdx
B
A

Change in
shear
between
points A
and B

Area under the

distributed load
diagram
between points
A and B

Regions of distributed load

Area
(A)

Degree n

Degree n 1
dV
= w(x)
dx

Area
(A)

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
SHEAR AND BENDING MOMENT

dx
M w(dx)( ) (V )dx ( M dM ) 0
2
dM Vdx
dM
V
dx

Slope of the BMD at a point

= shear at that point

using

dM Vdx

dM M B M A Vdx

Change in
moment
between points
A and B

Area under SFD

between points
A and B

Degree n

Degree n 1
Area
(A)

dM
=V
dx

Degree n 2

6.2 GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR

CONSTRUCTING SHEAR AND MOMENT
DIAGRAMS
Regions of distributed load
dV
= w(x)
dx
Slope of = distributed
shear
load
diagram
intensity at
at each
each point
point

dM
=V
dx
Slope of = shear at
moment each point
diagram
at each
point

6.2 GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING

SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS

Regions of distributed load

V = w(x) dx
Change in = area under
distributed
shear
loading

M = V(x) dx
Change in = area
moment
under
shear
diagram

summary

Shear force and load relation

summary

Shear force and bending moment relation

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
SHEAR AND CONCENTRATED LOAD

Fy 0
V P (V dV ) 0
dV P0
Change in shear
at the point of
application of a
concentrated load

Step change
having the
same sign as P

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
BENDING MOMENT AND APPLIED COUPLE

M M 0 ( M dM ) 0
dM M 0

The change in bending moment =

Step change having a negative
sign of M0

6.2 GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR

CONSTRUCTING SHEAR AND MOMENT
DIAGRAMS
Procedure for analysis
Support reactions
Determine support reactions and resolve forces
acting on the beam into components that are
perpendicular and parallel to beams axis
Shear diagram
Establish V and x axes
Plot known values of shear at two ends of the
beam

6.2 GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR

CONSTRUCTING SHEAR AND MOMENT
DIAGRAMS
Procedure for analysis
Shear diagram
Since dV/dx = w, slope of the shear diagram at
any point is equal to the intensity of the distributed
loading at that point
To find numerical value of shear at a point, use
method of sections and equation of equilibrium or
by using V = w(x) dx, i.e., change in the shear
between any two points is equal to area under the
load diagram between the two points

6.2 GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR

CONSTRUCTING SHEAR AND MOMENT
DIAGRAMS
Procedure for analysis
Shear diagram
Since w(x) must be integrated to obtain V, then if
w(x) is a curve of degree n, V(x) will be a curve of
degree n+1
Moment diagram
Establish M and x axes and plot known values of
the moment at the ends of the beam
Since dM/dx = V, slope of the moment diagram at
any point is equal to the shear at the point

6.2 GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR

CONSTRUCTING SHEAR AND MOMENT
DIAGRAMS
Procedure for analysis
Moment diagram
At point where shear is zero, dM/dx = 0 and
therefore this will be a point of maximum or
minimum moment
If numerical value of moment is to be determined
at the point, use method of sections and equation
of equilibrium, or by using M = V(x) dx, i.e.,
change in moment between any two pts is equal
to area under shear diagram between the two pts

6.2 GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR

CONSTRUCTING SHEAR AND MOMENT
DIAGRAMS

Procedure for analysis

Moment diagram
Since V(x) must be integrated to obtain M, then
if V(x) is a curve of degree n, M(x) will be a curve
of degree n+1

EXAMPLE 1
Draw the
SFD
BMD

V final area of loading Vinitial

M final area of SFD M initial

EXAMPLE 2
Draw the
SFD
BMD

V final area of loading Vinitial

M final area of SFD M initial

0

EXAMPLE 3
(a)

(b)

EXAMPLE 4
Draw the
SFD
BMD

18 kN/m
A

100.8158 kN

5m

5m

92.6417 kN

4.5m

Given:
A simply supported beam is loaded as shown.
Required :
a) Reactions at the supports
b) Shear Force Diagram. Use the graphical method
c) Bending Moment Diagram. Use the graphical method
Note: Label all key points on both the V and M
diagrams with both values and units.

CHAPTER REVIEW
Shear and moment diagrams are graphical
representations of internal shear and moment
within a beam.
They can be constructed by sectioning the beam
an arbitrary distance x from the left end, finding V
and M as functions of x, then plotting the results
Another method to plot the diagrams is to realize
that at each point, the slope of the shear diagram
is, w = dV/dx;
and slope of moment diagram is the shear,
V = dM/dx.

CHAPTER REVIEW
Also, the area under the loading diagram
represents the change in shear, V = w dx.
The area under the shear diagram represents the
change in moment, M = V dx. Note that values
of shear and moment at any point can be obtained
using the method of sections

CHAPTER REVIEW

Shear force and load relation

CHAPTER REVIEW

Shear force and bending moment relation