Acta Phys. Sin.

Vol. 62, No. 6 (2013) 064502

( , 241000 )
( 2012 8 22 ; 2012 9 13 )

, . ,
, n 2n 1
. .

: , , ,
PACS: 45.20.D, 46.40.f

DOI: 10.7498/aps.62.064502

[1,2] . , ,
,
, ,
() [36] . [7]
P-S

, ,
, .

, . ,
,
. ,
,
,
, ,

,
,
. , n
,
, 2n 1

[1,2]
x + 2 x = 0 (m = 1),

(1)

I1 = x cos( t) x sin( t),

I2 = x sin( t) + x cos( t),

(2)

t = 0 I11 , I1 I2
,
. (1)
x = A cos( t + ),
,
1
1
I3 = (I12 + I22 ) = (x2 + 2 x2 ),
2
2
I4 = arctg

I2
x
+ t.
= arctg
I1
x

, I3 , A
1
I3 = 2 A2 = E,
2
I4
v0
I4 = arctg
= .
x0

(3)

(4)
(5)

(6)

(7)

. E-mail: dgt695@sina.com
c 2013

http://wulixb.iphy.ac.cn

Chinese Physical Society

064502-1

Acta Phys. Sin.

, I3 ,
, ,
,
.
Lagrange [8] , , I3
1
L3 = (x2 2 x2 ),
(8)
2
I1 I2 Lagrange

1
1
I7 = (I32 + I42 ) = (y2 + 2 y2 ),
2
2
I4
y
I8 =arctg = arctg
+ t.
I3
y

(17)
(18)

, ,

1
I9 = I5 + I7 = [x2 + y2 + 2 (x2 + y2 )]
(19)
2
()
x
y
I10 = I6 I8 = arctg
arctg ,
(20)
x
y
, ,

L 1 = csc2 tF(I1 )
= csc2 ( t)F[ x cos( t) x sin( t)],

(9)

L 2 = sec2 ( t)F(I2 )
= sec2 ( t)F[ x sin( t) + x cos( t)],

(10)

2F
= 0.
(11)
x2
(2)
, , ,
Lagrange ,
,
. ,
, Lagrange .

3
.
,
x + 2 x = 0,

Vol. 62, No. 6 (2013) 064502

y + 2 y = 0,

(12)

I1 = x cos( t) x sin( t),

I2 = x sin( t) + x cos( t).
I3 = y cos( t) y sin( t),
I4 = y sin( t) + y cos( t).

(13)

(14)

,
,
. ,

1
1
(15)
I5 = (I12 + I22 ) = (x2 + 2 x2 ),
2
2
I2
x
+ t;
(16)
I6 =arctg = arctg
I1
x

I11 = I1 I3 + I2 I4 = xy + 2 xy,

(21)

I12 = I1 I4 I2 I3 = xy yx,

(22)

I11 , I12
, ,
.
(13) (14)
,
, . ,
, [1,3,7] ,
(15), (17), (19)(22) ,

, 2 ,
3 ,
,
, , ,
[1,2] .
6
, , I5 , I7 I9 , ; I6 , I8
I10 . ,
4 ,
3 .
, ,
, (13) (14) ,
(15)-(18) ,
, (15), (17), (20) ,
(19), (20), (22) . ,
, ,
, .

064502-2

,
x + 12 x = 0,

y + 22 y = 0 (1 = 2 ),

(23)

Acta Phys. Sin.

I1 = 1 x cos(1t) x sin(1t),
I2 = 1 x sin(1t) + x cos(1t).
I3 = 2 y cos(2t) y sin(2t),
I4 = 2 y sin(2t) + y cos(2t).

(24)

(25)

, , ,

1
1
I5 = (I12 + I22 ) = (x2 + 12 x2 ),
(26)
2
2

Vol. 62, No. 6 (2013) 064502

.
, ,
,
,
. [7] ,
, 1 /2 = 2
, (24) (25)
I1 = 20 x cos(20t) x sin(20t),
I2 = 20 x sin(20t) + x cos(20t).
I3 = 0 y cos(0t) y sin(0t),
I4 = 0 y sin(0t) + y cos(0t).

I2
x
= arctg
+ 1t,
I1
1 x

(27)

1
1
I7 = (I32 + I42 ) = (y2 + 22 y2 ),
2
2

(28)

I32 I42 =(02 y2 y2 ) cos(20t)

I4
y
= arctg
+ 2t.
I3
2 y

(29)

2I3 I4 =(02 y2 y2 ) sin(20t)

I6 = arctg

I8 = arctg

,
, ,
, (24) (25) (26)(29)
.
,
1
I9 = I5 + I7 = (x2 + y2 + 12 x2 + 22 y2 ),
(30)
2
, (20)(22)
, 1 = 2 .
I9 I5 , I7 , . ,
,
[7] .
,
,
[13,7] .
, ,
1 /2 = p/q, p, q ,
, ,
; ,
,
. ?
.
, ,
,
.
, ,

(31)

(32)

(32)
20 yy sin(20t),

(33)

+ 20 yy cos(20t).
(31) (33) ,

I10 =I1 (I32 I42 ) + 2I2 I3 I4

=20 x(02 y2 y2 ) + 20 yxy,

(34)

[7] .
,

y
x
I11 =I6 2I8 = arctg
2arctg
.
(35)
1 x
2 y
(20) ,

I11
= tgI11 =

02 (xy
2 4xyy)
xy2
,
20 (02 xy2 xy2 + yxy)

(36)

I10 .
1 /2 , I10
, , I11
I12 =2 I6 1 I8
x
y
=2 arctg
1 arctg
,
1 x
2 y

(37)

. ,
1 /2 , I11 I12
, I12 , I11
, I12
,
, . , (37)

064502-3

Acta Phys. Sin.

, 1 /2
. 1 /2 , 1
, , (20) (35)
.

.
, ,
, ,
.

, ,

, ;

, ,
, . .
, ,
1, , ,
. ,
, ,
, .

5
,

, ,
n . n

xi + i2 xi = 0 (i = 1, 2, , n),

2n . (40)
n ,
. ,
(20) ,
, (21) (22) ;
, (37)
, . ,
,
.
n ,
(2n 1) .
, 1
m (m 6 n), m ,

1 = 2 = = m , n m
1 , n m
, .
, (40) n ,
; ,
, ,
, , n . ,
m , m 1
, ,
x j
x1
arctg
I1 j =I14 I j4 = arctg
1 x1
jx j
( j = 2, 3, , m),

Ii1 =i xi cos(it) xi sin(it)

(42)

n m 1 ,
n m (37)
I1k =k arctg

xk
x1
1 arctg
1 x1
k xk

(k = m + 1, m + 2, , n),

(38)

n i ;
, .
(2)

(43)

(42) (43) n 1 .
, (40), (42) (43) 2n 1
.
, ()
. 2n 1

Ii2 =i xi sin(it) + xi cos(it)

(i = 1, 2, , n),

Vol. 62, No. 6 (2013) 064502

, ,
(39)

2n .

1
Ii3 = (xi2 + i2 xi2 ) (i = 1, 2, , n),
(40)
2
xi
Ii4 =arctg
+ it (i = 1, 2, , n),
(41)
i xi

,
. , n
, (39) 2n , (40) (41)
2n , ;
(40), (42) (43)
, n
(2n 1) .

064502-4

Acta Phys. Sin.

6
,
, ,

Vol. 62, No. 6 (2013) 064502

, 2n 1
,
.

n 2n 1

,
. ,
,
. ,
; ,

, , . ,
, ,

,
.

[1] Goldstein H, Poole C, Salko J 2005 Classical Mechanics (3rd Ed.)

(Beijing: Higher Education Press)
[2] Li D M, Chen C M 2006 Classical Mechanics (Beijing: Higher Education Press) (in Chinese) [, 2006 (:
)]
[3] Zeng J Y 2001 Quantum Mechanics (Beijing: Science Press) (in Chinese) [ 2001 (: )]
[4] Um C I, Yeon K H, George T F 2002 Phys. Rep. 362 63

[5] Ling R L, Feng J F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 2164 (in Chinese) [
, 2009 58 2164]
[6] Hao J H, Huang X Y 1998 Acta Sin. Quant. Opt. 4 49 (in Chinese) [
, 1998 4 49]
[7] Lou Z M, Mei F X 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 110201 (in Chinese) [
, 2012 61 110201]
[8] Ding G T 2011 J. Dynam. Control. 9 102 (in Chinese) [ 2011
9 102]

, .
, , ,
. ,

,
,
3
. , n ,

064502-5

Acta Phys. Sin.

Vol. 62, No. 6 (2013) 064502

A study on the first integrals of harmonic oscillators

Ding Guang-Tao
( College of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China )
( Received 22 August 2012; revised manuscript received 13 September 2012 )

Abstract
A concept of fundamental integrals of one-dimensional harmonic oscillator is presented, and other integrals can be constructed
by use of fundamental integrals. The above concept and method are extended to multidimensional harmonic oscillators. By directly
constructing other integrals from the fundamental integrals, it is proved that there are three independent time-independent integrals
for all kinds of two-dimensional harmonic oscillators and there are 2n 1 independent time-independent integrals for n-dimensional
harmonic oscillators. The characteristics of the anisotropic two-dimensional harmonic oscillator is discussed when the ratio between
two frequencies is rational or irrational number.

Keywords: harmonic oscillators, first integral, fundamental integral, time-independent integral

PACS: 45.20.D, 46.40.f

DOI: 10.7498/aps.62.064502

Corresponding author. E-mail: dgt695@sina.com

064502-6