Lam parameters

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Lam Constants

values that relate the components of elastic stress at some point of a solid isotropic deformable body to th
e components ofstrain at this point:
x = 2xx + (xx + yy + zz)
= xy
where and are the normal and tangential components of stress, are the components of strain, and th
e coefficients and are Lam constants, named after the French mathematician G. Lam. The Lam co
nstants depend on the materialand its temperature. They are related to the modulus of elasticity (Youngs
modulus) and Poissons ratio v by

where E is the modulus of elasticity and G is the shear modulus.

In continuum mechanics, the Lam parameters (also called the Lam coefficients or Lam
constants) are two material-dependent quantities denoted by and that arise in strainstress relationships.[1] In general, and are individually referred to as Lam's first
parameter and Lam's second parameter, respectively. Other names are sometimes employed for
one or both parameters, depending on context. For example, the parameter is referred to in fluid
dynamics as the dynamic viscosity of a fluid; whereas in the context of elasticity, is called
the shear modulus,[2]:p.333 and is sometimes denoted by G instead of . Typically the notation G is seen
paired with the use of Young's modulus, and the notation is paired with the use of .
In homogeneous and isotropic materials, these define Hooke's law in 3D,

where is the stress, the strain tensor,

the identity matrix and

the trace function.

The two parameters together constitute a parameterization of the elastic moduli for
homogeneous isotropic media, popular in mathematical literature, and are thus related to the
other elastic moduli; for instance, the bulk modulus can be expressed as

Although the shear modulus, , must be positive, the Lam's first parameter, , can be negative,
in principle; however, for most materials it is also positive.
The parameters are named after Gabriel Lam.

Further reading[edit]

K. Feng, Z.-C. Shi, Mathematical Theory of Elastic Structures, Springer New York, ISBN 0387-51326-4, (1981)

G. Mavko, T. Mukerji, J. Dvorkin, The Rock Physics Handbook, Cambridge University Press
(paperback), ISBN 0-521-54344-4, (2003)

W.S. Slaughter, The Linearized Theory of Elasticity, Birkhuser, ISBN 0-8176-4117-3, (2002)

References[edit]
1.

Jump up^ "Lam Constants". Weisstein, Eric. Eric Weisstein's World of Science, A Wolfram
Web Resource. Retrieved 2015-02-22.

2.

Jump up^ Jean Salencon (2001), "Handbook of Continuum Mechanics: General Concepts,
Thermoelasticity". Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 3-540-41443-6

Elastic moduli for hom

Bulk modulus (
Young's modulus (

)
)

Lam's first parameter ( )

Shear modulus (

Poisson's ratio ( )
P-wave modulus (

[hide]Conversion formulas
Homogeneous isotropic linear elastic materials have their elastic properties uniquely determined by any
two moduli among these; thus, given any two, any other of the elastic moduli can be calculated
according to these formulas.
Notes

There are two valid

solutions.
The plus sign leads
to
.
The minus sign leads
to
.

Cannot be used
when