Result

Conversion
0%
25 %
50 %
75 %
100 %

Solution Mixtures
0.1 M NaOH 0.1 M Et (Ac)
100 mL
75 mL
50 mL
25 mL
-

25 mL
50 mL
75 mL
100 mL

H2O
100 mL
100 mL
100 mL
100 mL
100 mL

Concentration

Conductivity

of NaOH (M)
0.0500
0.0375
0.0250
0.0125
0.0000

(mS/cm)
5.94
5.14
2.56
2.38
0.00

conductivity vs conversion
7
6
5
4
conductivity (mS/cm) 3
2
1
0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

conversion (%)

1.2

Flowrate (L/min)

First reading

Second reading

Average titration

0.10

24.8

24.3

24.45

0.15

24.0

25.0

24.55

0.20

24.5

24.4

24.50

0.25

24.2

24.4

24.10

0.30

24.1

24.3

24.50

Tables of experiment 1: Effect of residence time of the reaction in CSTR

Reactor volume = 10 L
Concentration of NaOH in feed vessel = 0.1 M
Concentration of Et(Ac) in feed vessel = 0.1 M

Flow
rate
No

Temperature

Of

(0C)

NaOH
(mL/mi

Flow rate

flow

Residence

of Et(Ac)

rate of

time,

(mL/min)

solution

(min)

concentr
Conductivity

ation of

(mS/cm)

NaOH,
CNaOH

(L/min)

n)
1

Exit

Total

Convers
ion, X
(%)

(M)

29.4

0.10

0.10

0.20

50.00

5.4

0.0009

98.20

29.4

0.15

0.15

0.30

33.33

5.3

0.0010

98.00

29.4

0.20

0.20

0.40

25.00

5.2

0.0011

97.80

29.4

0.25

0.25

0.50

20.00

4.6

0.0014

97.20

29.4

0.30

0.30

0.60

16.67

4.0

0.0016

96.80

Conversion, X (%)
98.5
98
97.5

Conversion, X (%)

97
96.5
96
15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

SAMPLE CALCULATION:

1) F0 = 0.10 + 0.10 = 0.2 L/min

Known quantities:
Volume of sample, Vs = 50 mL
Concentration of NaOH in the feed vessel, CNaOH,f = 0.1 mol/L
Volume of HCL for quenching, VHCl,s = 10 mL
Concentration of HCl in standard solution, CHCls = 0.25 mol/L

Volume of titrated NaOH, V1= 24.55 mL

Concentration of NaOH used for titration, CNaOHs = 0.1 mol/L
i-

Concentration of NaOH that entering the reactor, CNaOH0.

CNaOHo = CNaOHf
= (0.1)
= 0.05 mol/L

ii-

Volume of unreacted quenching HCl,V2

V2 = (CNaOHs / CHCls) x V1
= (0.1/0.25) x 24.55
= 9.82 mL

iii-

Volume of HCl reacted with NaOHin sample, V3

V3 = VHCls V2
= 10 9.82
= 0.18

iv-

Moles of HCl reacted with NaOH in sample, n1

n1 = (CHCls x V3) / 1000
= 0.25 x 0.18/1000
= 0.000045 mol

v-

Moles of unreacted NaOH in sample, n2

n2 = n1
= 0.000045 mol

vi-

Concentration of unreacted NaOH in the reactor, CNaOH

CNaOH = n2/Vs x 1000
= 0.000045/50 x 1000
= 0.0009 mol/L

vii-

Conversion of NaOH in the reactor, X

X = (1- CNaOH / CNaOHo) x 100%
= (1 0.0009/0.05) x 100%

= 98.2 %
viii-

Residence time,
= VCSTR / Fo
= 10 / 0.20
= 50 min

ix-

Reaction rate constant, k

x-

k = ( CAo CA) / CA2

= ( 0.05 0.0009) / (50 x 0.00092)
= 1212.35 M-1 min -1
Rate of reaction, -rA
-rA = kCA2
= 1212.35 x 0.00092
= 9.82 x 10 -4 mol/L.min

2) F0 = 0.15 + 0.15 = 0.30 L/min

Known quantities:
Volume of sample, Vs = 50 mL
Concentration of NaOH in the feed vessel, CNaOH,f = 0.1 mol/L
Volume of HCL for quenching, VHCl,s = 10 mL
Concentration of HCl in standard solution, CHCls = 0.25 mol/L
Volume of titrated NaOH, V1= 24.50 mL
Concentration of NaOH used for titration, CNaOHs = 0.1 mol/L

i-

Concentration of NaOH that entering the reactor, CNaOH0.

CNaOHo = CNaOHf
= (0.1)
= 0.05 mol/L

ii-

Volume of unreacted quenching HCl,V2

V2 = (CNaOHs / CHCls) x V1
= (0.1/0.25) x 24.5
= 9.8 mL

iii-

Volume of HCl reacted with NaOHin sample, V3

V3 = VHCls V2
= 10 9.8
= 0.2

iv-

Moles of HCl reacted with NaOH in sample, n1

n1 = (CHCls x V3) / 1000
= 0.25 x 0.2/1000
= 0.00005 mol

v-

Moles of unreacted NaOH in sample, n2

n2 = n1
= 0.00005 mol

vi-

Concentration of unreacted NaOH in the reactor, CNaOH

CNaOH = n2/Vs x 1000
= 0.00005/50 x 1000
= 0.001 mol/L

vii-

Conversion of NaOH in the reactor, X

X = (1- CNaOH / CNaOHo) x 100%
= (1 0.001/0.05) x 100%
= 98 %

viii-

Residence time,
= VCSTR / Fo
= 10 / 0.30
= 33.333 min

ix-

Reaction rate constant, k

x-

k = ( CAo CA) / CA2

= ( 0.05 0.001) / (33.333 x 0.001 2)
= 1470.01 M-1 min -1
Rate of reaction, -rA
-rA = kCA2
= 1470.01 x 0.0012
= 1.47 x 10 -3 mol/L.min

3) F0 = 0.2+0.2 = 0.4 L/min

Known quantities:
Volume of sample, Vs = 50 mL
Concentration of NaOH in the feed vessel, CNaOH,f = 0.1 mol/L
Volume of HCL for quenching, VHCl,s = 10 mL
Concentration of HCl in standard solution, CHCls = 0.25 mol/L
Volume of titrated NaOH, V1= 24.45 mL
Concentration of NaOH used for titration, CNaOHs = 0.1 mol/L

i-

Concentration of NaOH that entering the reactor, CNaOH0.

CNaOHo = CNaOHf
= (0.1)
= 0.05 mol/L

ii-

Volume of unreacted quenching HCl,V2

V2 = (CNaOHs / CHCls) x V1
= (0.1/0.25) x 24.45
= 9.78 mL

iii-

Volume of HCl reacted with NaOHin sample, V3

V3 = VHCls V2
= 10 9.78
= 0.22

iv-

Moles of HCl reacted with NaOH in sample, n1

n1 = (CHCls x V3) / 1000
= 0.25 x 0.22/1000
= 0.000055 mol

v-

Moles of unreacted NaOH in sample, n2

n2 = n1
= 0.000055 mol

vi-

Concentration of unreacted NaOH in the reactor, CNaOH

CNaOH = n2/Vs x 1000
= 0.000055/50 x 1000
= 0.0011 mol/L

vii-

Conversion of NaOH in the reactor, X

X = (1- CNaOH / CNaOHo) x 100%
= (1 0.0011/0.05) x 100%
= 97.8 %

viii-

Residence time,
= VCSTR / Fo
= 10 / 0.40
= 25 min

ix-

Reaction rate constant, k

x-

k = ( CAo CA) / CA2

= ( 0.05 0.0011) / (25 x 0.00112)
= 1616.53 M-1 min -1
Rate of reaction, -rA
-rA = kCA2

= 1616.53 x 0.00112
= 1.956 x 10 -3 mol/L.min

4) F0 = 0.25 + 0.25 = 0.5 L/min

Known quantities:
Volume of sample, Vs = 50 mL
Concentration of NaOH in the feed vessel, CNaOH,f = 0.1 mol/L
Volume of HCL for quenching, VHCl,s = 10 mL
Concentration of HCl in standard solution, CHCls = 0.25 mol/L
Volume of titrated NaOH, V1= 24.30 mL
Concentration of NaOH used for titration, CNaOHs = 0.1 mol/L
i-

Concentration of NaOH that entering the reactor, CNaOH0.

CNaOHo = CNaOHf
= (0.1)

= 0.05 mol/L
ii-

Volume of unreacted quenching HCl,V2

V2 = (CNaOHs / CHCls) x V1
= (0.1/0.25) x 24.30
= 9.72 mL

iii-

Volume of HCl reacted with NaOHin sample, V3

V3 = VHCls V2
= 10 9.72
= 0.28

iv-

Moles of HCl reacted with NaOH in sample, n1

n1 = (CHCls x V3) / 1000
= 0.25 x 0.28/1000
= 0.00007 mol

v-

Moles of unreacted NaOH in sample, n2

n2 = n1
= 0.00007 mol

vi-

Concentration of unreacted NaOH in the reactor, CNaOH

CNaOH = n2/Vs x 1000
= 0.00007/50 x 1000
= 0.0014 mol/L

vii-

Conversion of NaOH in the reactor, X

X = (1- CNaOH / CNaOHo) x 100%
= (1 0.0014/0.05) x 100%
= 97.2 %

viii-

Residence time,
= VCSTR / Fo
= 10 / 0.50
= 20.0 min

ix-

Reaction rate constant, k

x-

k = ( CAo CA) / CA2

= ( 0.05 0.0014) / (20 x 0.00142)
= 1239.80 M-1 min -1
Rate of reaction, -rA

-rA = kCA2
= 1239.80 x 0.00142
= 2.43 x 10 -3 mol/L.min

5) F0 = 0.30 + 0.30 = 0.6 L/min

Known quantities:
Volume of sample, Vs = 50 mL
Concentration of NaOH in the feed vessel, CNaOH,f = 0.1 mol/L
Volume of HCL for quenching, VHCl,s = 10 mL
Concentration of HCl in standard solution, CHCls = 0.25 mol/L

Volume of titrated NaOH, V1= 24.20 mL

Concentration of NaOH used for titration, CNaOHs = 0.1 mol/L
i-

Concentration of NaOH that entering the reactor, CNaOH0.

CNaOHo = CNaOHf
= (0.1)
= 0.05 mol/L

ii-

Volume of unreacted quenching HCl,V2

V2 = (CNaOHs / CHCls) x V1
= (0.1/0.25) x 24.2
= 9.68 mL

iii-

Volume of HCl reacted with NaOHin sample, V3

V3 = VHCls V2
= 10 9.68
= 0.32

iv-

Moles of HCl reacted with NaOH in sample, n1

n1 = (CHCls x V3) / 1000
= 0.25 x 0.32/1000
= 0.00008 mol

v-

Moles of unreacted NaOH in sample, n2

n2 = n1
= 0.00008 mol

vi-

Concentration of unreacted NaOH in the reactor, CNaOH

CNaOH = n2/Vs x 1000
= 0.00008/50 x 1000
= 0.0016 mol/L

vii-

Conversion of NaOH in the reactor, X

X = (1- CNaOH / CNaOHo) x 100%
= (1 0.0016/0.05) x 100%
= 96.8 %

viii-

Residence time,
= VCSTR / Fo

= 10 / 0.60
= 16.67 min
ix-

Reaction rate constant, k

x-

k = ( CAo CA) / CA2

= ( 0.05 0.0016) / (16.67 x 0.00162)
= 1134.15 M-1 min -1
Rate of reaction, -rA
-rA = kCA2
= 1134.15 x 0.0012
= 1.134 x 10 -3 mol/L.min