Almqvist&Wiksell

Blueprint B
Christer Lundfall
Ralf Nystrm
Nadine Rhlk Cotting
jeanette Clayton

facit

ISBN 91-21-20414-4
2003 Christer Lundfall, Ralf Nystrm, Jeanette Clayton,
Nadine Rhlk Cotting och Liber AB
Redaktion Susanne Svensson, Cecilia Stern Frisenfelds
Formgivning Ingmar Rudman
Produktion Bjrn Trygg
Frsta upplagan
2
Tryck
Multitryck i Eskilstuna, 2003

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Note: Reflect and Share: These are on the whole questions for open discussions,
but some hints and advice are given for many, though not all, of the questions.

Thrill and Suspense

A Crime in the Neighborhood
Re a di ng & reacti ng

1. Without glasses her eyes are too weak to discover

the boy.
2. Because she has so often told her story that she
remembers more her own words than the real
memory.
3. Because it takes the boy an unusually long time to
return from the mall.
Re f lect & share

1. The silhouette of the mall has the same conical

shape as the murder weapon.

2. When nylon stockings are ripped their pattern

against white skin may look like a pale ladder
widening on the calf. In fact, this type of vertical
hole in stockings is often called a ladder. The
ladder is wider where her calf is wider.

Wo r d w o r k

Odd man out

A.
1. complicated
They all mean that something is caught up or
trapped in something.

2. travel back
They imply a slow gradual movement backwards.
3. count
You recount to tell and describe what happened.
4. fail
They all mean that you stop doing something.

5. crack
They all express sounds that you make when you
are in pain.
6. sneak
They describe (an unexpected) movement on
slippery ground.

7. evade
They are all specific body movements to avoid
something.

3. An example is between paragraphs 2 and 3, page

6. Often gaps in a text leave something out, and
8. complete
thus increase suspense. Giving the reader flash You scramble, crawl or climb up a slope, rock or
backs by interrupting a story, can serve the same
roof.
purpose. An example is telling the story backwards
9. examine
from the newspaper story and the police report.
They are all ways of protecting something, for
4. For example the description of the ten minutes
example from the sunlight.
when Miss Crespo goes up the slope to find out
10. practise
where the noise she hears is coming from. Almost
all of the careful details throughout the story carry They express that you read something quickly just
to get the main idea(s).
the tone of a police report.

Suggestion:

5. Miss Crespo stiffens as she hears the noise. The

dead boys father got down on his knees and tried
to cover the boy with himself imagining the
beating of his heart And the fact that the boys
sneaker was unlaced and had tumbled down to
the gutter under the curb, where it was found,
suggests disorder in a sad and dirty incident.

Definitions
B.
1. g
2. k
3. b
4. a
5. d
6. h

7. c
8. j
9. f
10. e (British English = torch)
11. i

Follow up
1. facilities
2. limestone

3. inquest
4. branches

5. shin
6. vine(s)

5. Showing versus telling: his sweat-drenched face

and quivering body or he had ignored a whole
buffalo run.

Word formation
C.
noun
safety
strike
employee
support
memory
publication
service
thought
baldness
description
attacker
breadth
width
vanity
admission
imagination
knowledge

verb
save
strike
employ
support
memorize
publish
serve
think

describe
attack
broaden
widen

admit
imagine
know

Wo r d w o r k

adjective
safe
striking
employable
supportive/supporting
memorable
publishable
serving
thoughtful/thinkable
bald
descriptive
attackable
broad
wide
vain
admissible
imaginable/imagined
knowledgeable/knowing

Misery
Re a di ng & reacti ng

1. Paul cant close the door since the lock is jammed.

2. Paul would use the paper in his typewriter.
3. The evidence is the boxes of Novril.
Re f lect & share

1. For example the ceramic penguin on its block of

ice instead of just an ornament, or the boxes of
Novril instead of just painkillers.
2. For example the muscles in his arms quivering
like overtuned violin strings.

3. Italicized lines are Pauls thoughts and the readers

way of knowing what he is thinking. The italics
are also a visual indication of stress.

4. The memory in the flashback suggests that here

too, there is no way out that Paul will be punished for what he has done, but this time by
Annie, not his mother. Just as important is the
suspense this interruption creates the reader,
already testing his/her nerves, gets even more
impatient when the narration breaks into an interlude of something which doesnt move the reading
closer to the exciting solution of a dramatic scene.
4

Phrasal verbs
A.

I.

1. c
2. e
3. d
4. b
5. a

II.

1. e
2. c
3. b
4. a
5. g
6. f
7. d

Follow up
1. getting at
2. let on
3. broke away
4. let off
5. got off

III.
1. c
2. a
3. d
4. b

6. broke up
7. get across
8. let up
9. got away with
10. get by

Synonyms

B.
1. grant
2. thumped,
bounced
3. frantically
4. quivering,
squealing
5. grasped

6. encountered,
obstruction
7. retracting
8. gently
9. flat
10. muffled

Follow up
1. Sound: thump, squeal, flat, muffled
2. Movement: bounce, quiver, grasp, retract

Riding the Whip

R e a d in g & r e a c t in g

1. The feeling of grief, but also the shame, for his

sister. Jay is also feeling guilt for having too much
fun while his sister is dying.
2. Jay is trying to convince himself and others that
his sister is crazy and that he doesnt care what
happens to her. He talks about her dismissively
to keep the whole thing at a distance.

3. For example I just stood there feeling everyone

elses fun moving through me and Then the ride
started up and we laughed and screamed.

Re f lect & share

1. Probably because what has happened to his sister

makes him want to feel pain for several reasons:
maybe because he wants to punish himself for
having fun, maybe because he is so angry for what
she has done, or maybe to show how he really
feels.

2. One possible solution is that she has cut herself

badly, just as Jay hurts himself on the ride. In
addition, Jays thoughts about what a whip is really used for, coming down hard and leaving scars,
suggest this.
Wo r d work

Questions and answers

A.
1. They were on the ferris-wheel.
2. He won it in one of the booths.
3. He had to hit a/the target.
4. He got nauseated on rides.
5. She tugged his hand.
6. It left prisoners backs scarred.
7. She slashed the painting to bits.
8. He strapped them into their seat.
9. A metal bar had grazed his head repeatedly.
10. It was blurry.
11. He wobbled.
12. The seat had several gashes in its cushion.

Synonyms

B.
1. fell in love with
2. frightened
3. mind
4. improving
5. stupid
6. bugged me
7. nauseated
8. movies
9. shouted

10. promise
11. having fun
12. cute
13. discouraged
14. grazed
15. barely
16. a curious
17. made my way back

Focus on Listening:

3. a radical alteration for the worse.

4. I knew that it had loved me, or I felt it
had given me no reason for offence, or that
in doing so I was committing a deadly sin.
5. the cry of fire.
6. the action of the fire.
7. a gigantic cat.
8. if you have no claim to him, I shall just take
him home.
9. domesticated and became a great favorite
with my wife.
10. the memory of my former crime and the
absolute dread of the beast.
11. hatred of all things and of all mankind.
12. the task of concealing the body.
13. no eye could detect anything suspicious.
14. find him anywhere.
15. the hideous beast whose craft had seduced
me into murder.
Reflect & share

1. In Roman mythology, Pluto was the god of death,

also known as Hades

2. Mr. Groper changes from a docile and tender

man, happy with feeding and caressing pets, into a
more moody and more irritable person. Under the
influence of alcohol abuse, Mr. Groper even wants
to be cruel and hurt his pets and his wife.
3. His remorse drives him to wanting to commit
deadly sins, like killing.

4. Upon the white surface of the wall there is a figure

of a gigantic cat with a rope around its neck.
5. Both cats have one eye missing and apart from
the white patch on the breast of the new cat, it is
identical to Pluto.
6. The new cat is driving him mad maybe with
guilt and he takes out his uncontrolled fury on
his wife.

7. They hear Mrs. Gropers faint voice from within

the remaining wall.
8. He is relieved by confession, a confession he
makes by telling this story.

The Black Cat

L is t eni ng & reac ti ng

Suggestions:

1. when feeding and caressing them.

2. from following me through the streets.
5

Love is in the Air

Pride and Prejudice
Re a di ng & reacti ng

1. He was fine and tall, had handsome features and

a noble mien. He was much handsomer than Mr.
Bingley according to the ladies. He had ten thousand a year.

2. He was found to be proud and to be above his

company. This was shown by the fact that he
only danced twice, once with Mrs. Hurst and
once with Miss Bingley, and spent the rest of the
evening walking about the room refusing to dance
with any of the other ladies.
3. According to himself, Mr. Darcy detested dancing unless he was particularly acquainted with
his partner. He also told Mr. Bingley that there
were no women in the room that he would like to
dance with. The only lady to his liking was Jane
Bennett but she was dancing with Mr. Bingley.
4. At first he was interested but as she got into
details he did not want to hear any more.

Suggestions:

5. proud, snooty, handsome, noble, refined, rich,

disagreeable, decided, insupportable, elegant
Re f lect & share

Suggestions:

1. He felt insecure and did not want to be put in a

position where he was scrutinized by everyone, he
disliked the set rules that a dance like this required,
he wanted to avoid people putting him in a box by
deciding his character, he disliked dancing.
2. Elizabeth felt that she had no cordial feelings
towards him but she did not react in any other
way. Later she told the story to her friends because
she delighted in anything ridiculous. Another person might have felt rejection and humiliation. You
might have asked yourself if there was something
wrong about your appearance and/or behaviour.
You might have told Mr. Darcy what other people
thought about him.
3. People talking behind your back about your
clothes, looks, behaviour, etc.

4. He means that he wishes Mr. Bingley had danced

less, his wifes account of the dance would have
6

been shorter and he would not have had to listen

to too many details.

5. A very strict and hard teacher that later turned out

to be very good and professional, a very beautiful
person you thought snooty at first but later discovered to be very sympathetic and nice.

6. There are examples of long and complicated sentences, different word order and choice of vocabulary.
EX: Not all that Mrs Bennet, however, with the
assistance of her five daughters, could ask on the subject, was sufficient to draw from her husband any satisfactory description of Mr Bingley. (long sentence)
EX: I shall have nothing to wish for. (vocabulary)
EX: An invitation to dinner was soon afterwards
dispatched. (vocabulary)
EX: his being gone to London, his having ten
thousand a year, his having slighted one of her
daughters.
EX: I must have you dance. (formal language)
EX: For a Kingdom!, Upon my honour!,
O that he had sprained his ankle! (expressions)
EX: She is the most beautiful creature I ever
beheld. (vocabulary)
Wo r d w o r k

Word formation
A.
1. acquaintance
2. occasion
3. obligation
4. assemble
5. ridiculed

6. admiration
7. temptation
8. inquiry
9. curious
10. rude

Follow up
1. acquainted (with) = bekant (med),
acquaintance = bekantskap
2. occasionally = d och d, occasion = tillflle
3. obliged = frpliktad, obligation = frpliktelse
4. assembly = frsamling, assemble = samlas
5. ridiculous = ljlig, ridiculed = frljligad
6. admired = beundrad, admiration = beundran
7. tempted = frestad, temptation = frestelse
8. inquired = efterforskade, frgade om,
inquiry = frfrgan
9. curiosity = nyfikenhet, curious = nyfiken
10. rudeness = ohvlighet, rude = ohvlig

Meanings

B.
compassion = medknsla
pronounce = hgtidligt frklara, uttala sig om
countenance = ansikte, ansiktsuttryck

decline = neka till, avta

accomplished = fint bildad
assembly = frsamling, sammankomst
cordial = hjrtlig
distinguish = uppmrksamma, urskilja
principal = huvudsaklig, viktigast

Defintions

C.
1. pronounce
2. compassion
3. decline
4. cordial
5. decline
6. accomplished
7. accomplished
8. pronounce
9. distinguish

10. principal
11. assembly
12. cordial
13. compassion
14. principal
15. distinguish
16. assembly
17. countenance

Follow up

Suggestions:

My family did not show any compassion when my

husband left me.
The priest pronounced them man and wife.
One could see from his countenance that he was very
disappointed.
I have to decline your invitation to dinner tonight.
The assembly voted unanimously to accept a new
member.
My sister-in-law is a very cordial person.
I could barely distinguish the mountain top through
the dense fog.
There are two principal matters that we need to discuss.
I feel that I have accomplished many things in my
life. For example, I ve climbed Mount Everest.

Bridget Joness Diary

Re a di ng & reacti ng

1. He would make a perfect match for Bridget: handsome, rich, successful and a friend of the family.
2. By having Bridget serve snacks, by pushing them
towards one another and then suddenly leave, by
suggesting that Mark take Bridgets phone number.
3. His diamond patterned jumper and his bumblebee
socks.
4. She felt rejected even by a man wearing bumblebee
socks and diamond patterned jumper, a man with
no sense of dress.
5. She said she would take the train home.
6. It struck me as pretty ridiculous to be called

Mr Darcy and to stand on your own looking snooty

at a party.
7. She works in publishing.
8. He is a lawyer.
Reflect & share

Suggestion:

3. At Una and Geoffreys I found myself being constantly forced to engage in conversation with this
girl named Bridget. She seemed nice enough but
was apparently awfully hung-over. She smelled
strongly of liquor and acted flimsily. Besides, she
had a very unsubtle manner of coming on to me
by force-feeding me gherkins and stuffed olives. I
have to admit that she didnt seem to have a great
interest in books, although she told me she was in
publishing. From the way she spoke about Susan
Faludis Backlash I concluded that she hadnt really
understood it or even worse read it.
Word work

Track down the words

A.
1. obvious
2. humiliation
3. snooty

4. resolution
5. scrutinized
6. attempt

6. attempt
7. ridiculous
8. hideous

Follow up
humiliation = frdmjukelse
scrutinize = iakttaga nogrannt
ridiculous = ljlig
snooty = hgdragen
attempt = frsk
hideous = frskrcklig
obvious = tydlig, klar
resolution = (nyrs)lfte

Informal and formal English

B.
1. I would have felt a bit mean if I had not attended.
2. The Darcys visited us when we were living in
Buckingham.
3. Mark has just returned from America.
4. He is one of these a) outstanding b) distinguished
lawyers.
5. I do not know why she did not just a) articulate
it and say, Darling, b) have sex with Mark Darcy
over the turkey curry.
6. I was introduced before I had even had time to
have a drink.
7. Being assigned a man against your will is humiliating.
7

8. He looked at books which Geoffrey orders from

Readers Digest.
9. It was ridiculous for Mr. Darcy to stand on his
own looking condescending at a party.
10. There is no point a) paying for expensive lunches
because b) it is never going to be a success.
11. I thought hard to remember when I last read a
proper book.
12. Then I had inspiration.
13. It was a safe option as a) it was impossible that
this b) flawless person would have read that book.
14. I was looking for a way to escape the subject.
15. Mark would think I had encouraged her.

Word formation
C.
1. divorcee
2. cruelty
3. humiliation
4. scrutiny
5. ridicule
6. harmless
7. revelation
8. amazement

9. inattentive
10. awkwardness
11. unsuccessfully
12. oddity/oddness
13. useless
14. extension, consumption
15. temptation
16. encouragingly

C o mpare and Sha re

Pride and Prejudice

Diamond Patterns and Bumblebees

Setting

I n a small village called Longbourn not far

from London. his being gone to London,
They returned therefore, in good spirits, to
Longbourn, the village where they lived.

In London and its immediate surroundings.

Hes looking for a house in Holland Park,
Do you need driving back to London?

Time

 nd of the 18th century as can be seen

E
from the language and the description of
the people and their surroundings. I must
have you dance!

Present time as seen by language, time and

descriptions of people. This very episode
takes place on New Years Day. Unas New
Years Day Turkey Curry Buffet.

Characters

 lizabeth is lively and probably intelligent

E
and with a sense of humour. she had a
lively, playful disposition, which delighted
in anything ridiculous. Mr Darcy is proud,
handsome, rich, disagreeable and doesnt
like dancing.

Bridget is rather flimsy and sometimes disorganized. Shes also funny and she can be melancholic. I racked my brain frantically to think
when I last read a proper book., Oh, why am
I so unattractive? Mark Darcy is restricted,
handsome, rich, successful and intelligent.

Theme

Love about finding a suitable man to

marry. If I can but see one of my daughters
happily settled at Netherfield {} and all
the others equally well married, I shall have
nothing to wish for.

Love finding someone to love. They kept

making me walk round with trays of gherkins
{} in a desperate bid to throw me into
Mark Darcys path yet again.

Plot

 o perform well and behave like a lady at

T
the dance. To be asked to dance in order to
avoid being thought boring.

To engage in an interesting discussion with

Mark Darcy and show everyone at the Curry
Buffet that she is loveable and attractive.

Message

 uggestion: to keep on looking for Mr.

S
Right. There is someone for everyone.

to keep on looking for Mr. Right. To be

happy as a single person.

Entertainment Suggestion: enjoyable reading although

sometimes heavy and very detailed.
value
Language

Genre

very enjoyable, fun and modern.

 omewhat old-fashioned, long sentences,

S
formal language. I must have you dance!

Very modern, lots of colloquial expressions.

Mostly short sentences. I gabbled nervously, diamond-pattern-jumpered-goodygoody

Romance fiction.

Romance fiction in form of diary.

Romeo and Juliet

Re a di ng & reacti ng

1. She is leaning with her elbow on the balcony

railing, her cheek in her hand.
2. Juliet wishes that Romeo was still the same
person but had another name so that he was
not an enemy of the family.

3. Romeo said that he climbed the high stone walls.

4. Juliets relatives would kill him.
Re f lect & share

Suggestion:

1.
R: Oh, Whats that light behind that window?
Its the east and Juliet is like the rising sun.
Arise sun and be brighter than the moon.
The moon is so sad because you
are much more beautiful.
The moon is green with envy.
Dont be like the moon! Theres my girl; oh, its my
love!
If only she knew that I love her.
She speaks but without words.
Her eyes are talking silently. Im going to answer
them.
But Im too pushy. Shes not speaking to me.
Oh, look at her eyes, they are like the two
most beautiful stars in the sky.
She is so beautiful, so incomparably beautiful.
Her beauty makes everything else look pale. If her
eyes were stars in the sky, they would shine so
brightly the birds would sing, thinking it was
dawn.
See how she leans her cheek on her hand.
I wish that I was a glove on that hand, so
that I could touch that cheek.
J: Oh, dear!
R: She speaks!
Oh, speak again. You are just as beautiful as
an angel and everyone will stop to look at you.
J: O Romeo, Romeo. Why are you Romeo?
Break with your family, get another name
and if you will not I will still love you
and I will change my name and break with my family.
R: Should I listen more or should I speak now?
J: It is only your name that is my enemy.
Because you, you are not a Montague in character.
What is a Montague, by the way? Its nothing
bodily.

O, I wish you had some other name though.

But what is a name? Its just a word and a rose for
example would smell just as sweet even if it wasnt
called rose.
And so would Romeo be the same even if he wasnt
called Romeo.
Romeo, get rid of that name and take me instead!
R: I take you on your word.
Just tell me that you love me and Ill change my
name. From now on Ill never be Romeo again.
J: Who are you? You come here disguised in darkness, sneaking in to listen to me talking.
R: I cant tell you who I am by name because
I hate my name. My name is your enemy.
If I had that name written on a piece of paper here
right now
I would tear it apart!
J: I havent heard many words yet but I already
recognize that voice.
Arent you Romeo a Montague?
R: I wont be if you dont like it.
J: How did you get in here? And why?
The walls are so high and theyre hard to climb over.
If anyone of my family finds you theyll kill you!
R: I flew over these walls on the wings of love!
High walls cant keep me from you and Im not afraid
of your relatives.
J: If they see you, theyll kill you.
R: Oh, your eyes tell me how scared you really are
more than your words do.
J: I dont want them to see you here.
2. He means that Juliets beauty shines more brightly
than the stars, just as daylight outshines a lamp.
In short, she is just so very good looking.
4. It is the east, the fairest stars in all heaven
having some business, do entreat her eyes, my
ears have yet not drunk a hundred words.

5. Bosnians and Serbs, Germans and Jews during

WWII, Palestinians and Israelis.

6. Juliet is given a poison from a prior that will make

her look dead for 24 hours. Romeo finds her and
believes she really is dead. He kills himself but just
as he is about to die Juliet wakes up. Romeo sees
it, but it is too late. In the end, Juliet too takes her
life and they both die.

The Right Chemistry

Wo r d work

Word formation

A.
Noun
Verb
denial

gaze
refusal

perfect
hatred
hate
consideration
grief
grieve

envy

R e a d in g & r e a c t in g

Adjective

perfect
considerate
envious

Sonnet 18
Re a di ng & reacti ng

1. The answer is that his friend is more beautiful

than any summer day and, most importantly, the
friends beauty will last forever through the poem.
2. The sun.

3. Summer is too short, there are strong winds,

the sun is hidden behind clouds (= the weather
is bad sometimes).

4. That the poem will last for ever and thus immortalize his friend.
Re f lect & share

Suggestions:

1. To get the readers attention, to be able to answer

his question throughout the poem.
3. Love, beauty, hope, longing, sorrow, regret, joy,
passion, pride
4. Shall I compare you to a summer day?
You are more beautiful.
Rough winds shake the little spring buds
and summer stays for such a short time.
Sometimes the sunshine is too hot
and the weather is often bad.
Everything thats beautiful will die
by chance or by the fact that seasons change
but your eternal beauty will not fade
neither will you lose it
and you will not die
because through these lines you will live on.
As long as men can breathe or eyes can see
so long will this poem live and give you life.
10

1. Love developed from being purely a means for

reproduction into including very complex feelings.
People react differently in relationships and there
are biological, evolutionary and chemical means to
explain that behaviour. Chemical reactions cause
the feeling that we call love.

2. The whole person became visible to fellow humans

for the first time. Sexual organs were in full
display. People became interested in each other
because of looks, etc, and not just as a means to
reproduce. Sex became a romantic encounter.
3. Because the chemical pathways are identical.

4. The highs that various chemical substances create

do not last long.
5. People who crave the intoxication of falling in
love so much that they move from relationship to
relationship.
6. After the first passion a new substance with a
soothing effect takes over. This substance also
gives people a feeling of security, peace and calm.

7. It sensitizes nerves and stimulates muscle contraction. It helps contractions during childbirth and
it also helps to produce breast milk. It inspires
mothers to cuddle their children. It is thought
that it encourages cuddling between adults.
8. Men look for maximum fertility, and size up a
woman at a glance. Men also fall in love rapidly.
Women need more time to check a guy out. Age
is not very important but the ability to provide
security, father children, share resources and hold
a high status in society is.
Wo r d w o r k

Odd man out

A.
1. track
They all mean smell of some kind.

2. insist on
They express that you long for or lust after
something.

3. wipe
Something, for example an area of land, is put
under water.
4. business
They all have something to do with love
relationships.

5. euphoria
A substance of some kind that affects your
body (mostly in a negative way).

6. anger
They all imply a very strong feeling for something or someone.

7. faint
They all mean stop existing or stop being there.
8. reinforce
They imply that something goes on existing.

9. distressing
They describe a condition where you are calm
and relaxed.

10. enjoy
They express that you cause something to become
better, stronger and more intense.
11. refuse
They mean that something becomes less or
smaller.

12. selective
Objects or people with this quality make you
want them badly.

Choosing the right word

B.
1. substance
2. frantic
3. attachment
4. prolong
5. mature
6. compassionate

7. versatile
8. prevalence
9. fertility
10. mate
11. requirements
12. reject

Informal and formal

English

C.
1. He was delirious.
2. After taking drugs she felt intoxicated.
3. After the first rush, the infatuation faded.
4. The campers had to endure it.
5. Its terrible when someone abandons you like
that.
6. We have to encourage more cuddling.
7. The company needed to diminish the work force.
8. Getting this job requires more than a college
degree.
9. Both sides reject negotiations.
10. The robbers managed to elude the police for six
weeks.

Focus on Listening:

Hills Like White Elephants

Li s t e n in g & r e a c t in g

1. Evidently, the man and the girl have met before, if

only briefly.
2. Not much, actually. We only know that she is younger than he, and more ill at ease with the situation.

3. He tries to persuade her to go through with the

operation and not to worry about it. He wants no
other solution. Possibly, he fears that the operation
is more complicated than he wants to admit.

Suggestion:

4. When he says: Its just to let the air in, or later,

when she says: And if I do it youll be happy and
things will be like they were and youll love me?
Reflect & share

Suggestion:

3. The girl is sad, she has lost hope in the man and
believes her pregnancy will take an abrupt ending,
involving maybe health hazards.

4. Despite the heat, there is a frosty atmosphere;

apart from the conversation we can hear, there is a
silence as unnerving as the occasional clouds casting shadows across the great plains stretching afar.
In this way the scene breathes alienation, discomfort and impersonality.

Reality Bites

Grand Central Winter

R e a d in g & r e a c t in g

1. Its a long and narrow space under Grand Central

Station, protected by cardboard plates. Theres a
water spigot nearby and old blankets on the concrete floor. And there are books.
2. Stringer found a pen and started to write a story
with it, a story he submitted to a street paper.
Soon he was offered a job there.

3. Stringer finds his story similar to the writings

of Tennessee Williams in the way one thing
unexpectedly, but still logically leads to another.
11

Re f lect & share

1. In phrases like I guess theyll never make a musical out of it., For those of you who have not had
the pleasure , and But, hey, Im not looking to
strain my cerebral cortex on the subject.
2. Because Stringers relationship with his friend is
similar to that in his story. The only difference is
that Stringer isnt HIV positive and dying but
his friend is.

3. For example, his sensitivity is shown in the fact

that he senses straight away the power of his own
writing. Or when he becomes very emotional after
reading the story to his friend.
Wo r d work

Informal and formal English

1. I perspire down there in the summer heat.

2. At the end of the day I come down here to a)

finish that last, lonely b) high.

3. When you are preparing a pipe to smoke, the first

thing to go is your patience.
4. I a) smoke crack/cocaine, and have a pleasurable
half hour of panic that something is going to
jump out of the darkness and b) scare me.

How to be Good
R e a d in g & r e a c t in g

1. Monkey is a homeless young man invited to stay

with David and Katie.

2. He is invited to stay there because David and his

neighbours have offered homeless kids to live in
their homes, in an effort to be good.

3. Because she is afraid that this will give him the

feeling that he is not welcome there. And making
Monkey angry might result in him stealing from
the house.
4. Katie is a doctor.

Reflect & share

1. Katie is very self-conscious and afraid to offend

Monkey. At the same time she feels both sympathetic and curious.

2. Monkey asks for things Katies family does not

have, like different TV stations, or a dog. And
Katie is disappointed in Monkey not so much
because he wants these things, but because he
doesnt reveal enough of himself for Katie to help
her understand his (previous) living conditions
and what led up to them.

5. All I can do is to a) gather enough b) money every

day to c) acquire something decent so I can have a
lovely time.

Suggestion:

7. I am so excited I almost cannot contain myself.

5. One cannot expect a child to fully understand

the deprivation of the poor. A child shouldnt be
exposed to the dilemma of donating his/her
computer against his/her will in the first place.

6. The funny thing is, I become very interested.

8. If my character has to die in public, someone will

have to a) arrive and b) collect his c) corpse.
9. When my friend asks me whether or not I love
him, it a) affects me emotionally because I would
never have thought he b) bothered one way or the
other.
10. a) approach him and hug him, and that
b) wretched man starts c) behaving emotionally
again.

12

4. Perhaps he goes back to his old friends, doing

the same things as before, like maybe begging for
money.

Wo r d w o r k

Adjectives and adverbs

A.
1. a) prompt
b) promptly
2. a) currently
b) current
c) currently
3. a) implicitly
b) implicit
4. a) expectantly
b) expectant
b) unbearably

5. a) offensive
b) offensively
6. a) smug
b) smugly
7. a) regrettable
b) regrettably
8. a) unbearable

Word formation

Reflect & share

B.

Verb

compel

Adjective
regrettable

Verb
deny


offend
indicate
achieve
perceive
tempt

Noun

Follow up
1. offensive
2. indication
3. perception
4. neglectful
5. compulsive

implicit
expectant
offensive
neglectful

disapproval
expectation

6. involvement
7. achievement
8. disapproval
9. regrettable
10. denial

Informal and formal English

C.
1. achieved
2. presupposing
3. compel
4. perceived
5. construed

6. induces
7. patronize or offend him
8. indicate
9. attempted
10. involve

Oliver Twist
Re a di ng & reacti ng

1. Fagin fears that Oliver has seen him take out and
admire his stolen jewellery.
2. Pick-pocketing.

3. Oliver doesnt understand that his training to

become a pick-pocket has just begun.

4. Some of the stolen contents in Fagins boxes

are retrieved from dead men killed in executions.
These victims can obviously not tell they are
robbed by Fagin and his boys.

1. such magnificent materials and costly workmanship, that Oliver had no idea even of their
names. or Oliver thought the old gentleman
must be a decided miser to live in such a dirty
place, with so many watches; but thinking that
perhaps his fondness for the Dodger and the
other boys cost him a good deal of money, he
only cast a deferential look at the Jew or
the merry old gentleman and the two boys
played at a very curious and uncommon game
or They were not exactly pretty perhaps; but
they had a great deal of colour in their faces, and
looked quite stout and hearty. Being remarkably free and agreeable in their manners, Oliver
thought them very nice girls indeed. or This, it
occurred to Oliver must be French for going out

2. Nowadays it is politically incorrect to stereotype

people of a certain race or religion especially
Jews with such derogatory phrases. Oliver Twist
published today would probably be accused of
having a prejudiced, malicious portrait of Jews,
exemplified by Fagin.
Word work

Adjectives
A.

Oliver Twist:
mute when he stays silent and pretends to sleep
curious when he wants to know what Fagin has got
in his box
meek when he apologizes for disturbing Fagin and
not being asleep at all
apologetic when he apologizes for disturbing Fagin
and not being asleep at all
credulous because he is taken in by Fagins and his
gang members activities without questioning
them
unsuspicious because he is taken in by Fagins and
his gang members activities without questioning
them, and he does not understand what kind of
work they are involved in
innocent because he has no experience of illegal
activities
inexperienced because he does not know how to
pick pockets and steal, and because he has no
experience of this criminal world

13

Fagin:
Reflect & share
irresolute when he is not sure whether Oliver is
asleep or not, and whether or not he should take
1. Just as sales figures will boost if only a few people
out and open his box
buy a certain luxury car thanks to a successful ad
pleased because he likes what he sees in the box, and
campaign, violent entertainment need influence
because he is satisfied with his boys in the gang
only a few viewers in order to raise crime rate sigsatisfied because he likes what he sees in the box,
nificantly. Also, brutal messages in video films will
and because he is pleased with his boys in the gang
affect those who never act out these fantasies in
fierce when he starts up and threatens Oliver with
the same way as those who never purchase a luxuthe bread-knife
ry car are aware of its desirable status, according to
greedy because he is not satisfied with what he has
Michael Medved. This way, violence becomes not
but wants more
only accepted, but also expected, he says.
miserly because he saves his treasure and does not
2. Impose new restrictions on the violent entertainwant to spend or use it
ment industry.
suspicious when he thinks that Oliver could tell
other people or even report it to the police
incredulous when at first he suspects that Oliver
Wo r d w o r k
would not remain quiet and would perhaps even
use the knowledge of Fagins treasure against him
Synonyms
sly because he covers up different things to dif1. assigned
ferent people, using everything purely to his own
2. random
advantage
3. fortunate, infested
instructive when he teaches Oliver how to pick
4. mayhem
pockets
5. exposure to
6. influence, influence
Verbs
7. vulnerable
B.
8. impact
7. scowled
1. stirred
4. sparkled
9. measure, purchase
8. rubbed
2. grated
5. pored over
10. delusion, availability of
9. stooped
3. glistened
6. quivered

Definitions
C.
1. d
2. l
3. i
4. m

5. j
6. e
7. c
8. k

9. n
10. a
11. h
12. f

13. b
14. g

The Seeds of Evil

Re a di ng & reacti ng

1. Her students stories contain images of extreme

violence, such as mutilations and decapitations.

Focus on Listening:

Silences and Prayers

l is t e n in g & r e a c t in g

1. She will pray seven times a day, make communion

wafers and work in the convent vegetable
garden.
2. Her boyfriend Brian is devastated, her friends are
perplexed and her mother finds it sad not to have
another grandchild.

3. Shell miss locking herself in her room listening to

hard rock. Shell miss going out with friends and
2. Medved means that it is impossible to say that Jusnever seeing Scotland and the sea again.
tice Morland is totally right or wrong in his view.
And her sexuality will be redirected into arts.
3. The fact that violent imagery fails to influence
4.
The Poor Clares pick up news from the outside
everyone does not mean that it fails to influence
world from letters and visits. In addition, they
anyone. In other words, even if only some people
receive requests for prayers.
are encouraged to commit cruelty by violent films,
the impact on society can be huge.
5. The death of her son Simon is the immediate
reason.
4. New laws might at least do some good.
14

Heaven in a Wild
Flower

2. Because unheard melodies do not die, but play

forever.

3. Because his beloved lady as well as his love will

never fade.
4. They will never lose their leaves, since spring will
not go away.

Funeral Blues

Re a di ng & reacti ng

1. Because the narrators friend has died.

2. Apart from the six examples in the first stanza,

airplanes should spell the message on the sky, and
doves and policemen should be decorated for grief.
Moreover, the moon and the sun are superfluous
and will be discarded.
3. He meant everything to the narrator.

5. The whole poem contrasts the eternity of what we

see on the urn to the actual brevity of human life
and passions. Particularly in the last stanzas sixth
line, Keats words echo Homers.

Do Not Go Gentle Into That

Good Night
R e a d in g & r e a c t in g

Re f lect & share

1. No dogs will ever taste a juicy bone, and there will

be no more music (first stanza). No one will enjoy
the stars, the moon, the sun, the ocean or the
woods anymore (last stanza).

Suggestion:

3. It might put our feelings of grief into words of

comfort by honouring the dead person.

Ode on a Grecian Urn

1. The good night, close of day, the dying of the

light and the sad height.

2. Rage vs. dying, lightning vs. dark, deeds dancing

vs. the dying of the light, and blinding sight vs.
blazing eyes.
3. His father.

Reflect & share

If wise men at their end know dark is right, fear

may actually fade when facing death; but, however
weakened the fear, the poem suggests, the dying man
should revolt against death, rather than accept it.

Re a di ng & reacti ng

2. As concepts, Slow time and Silence are shaped

for eternity, since no sound is heard and time is
fixed on the urn.
Re f lect & share

1. Suggested questions

Answers

What stories do you tell of Gods or

people in this beautiful landscape?

There are three storiesor scenarios in the poem, one of a

young musician playing a pipe under a tree, one of an unsatisfied lover, and one of a cow being lead to sacrifice, followed
by a crowd.

Who are they, these men following

unwilling young girls, trying to escape
them? What do they wish for?

A young lover tries to reach his beloved one, to kiss her; but
the two lovers lips will never meet, and yet their love will be
forever, engraved as they are on the urn.

The sounds are forever left to our imagination.

What music is being played?

15

Rsum
Re a di ng & reacti ng

All suicidal thoughts are shrugged off in a jocular

manner since the methods of the actual killing seem
worse than the very dying and the very living too!

may i feel said he

Re a di ng &reacting

1. A man and a woman are having sex.

2. He seems to be very eager to express his love,

since he is the one asking for permission to do
things, while she takes on a little more passive
stand, at least at first
Re f lect & share

2. He seems to find her divine thanks to the physical

pleasure he just experienced, whereas she might see
in him her future life partner because of the commitment this very same pleasure brings for her.

Word clusters
A.

beauty
eternal/eternity
infinite/infinity
outlive
mortal

transient existence
unravished
decay
fade
waste

The goal of Romantic poetry is to seek beauty unravished by everyday life and suffering. To romantic
poets the world is characterized by lives and things
decaying or fading and wasting away. In their poems
they want to show us things that could outlive our
mortal and transient existence. They strive for eternal
life, for infinity.
pregnant
labor
bliss
moan
newborn

grieve
mourners
woe

coffin
comfort
funeral

At the funeral the body of the dead person is in a

coffin. The people attending the funeral are mourners. They grieve the loss of a beloved one and some
of them will express their woe loudly. A relative or a
friend will then try to comfort them.

Questions and answers

B.
1. They flourish.
2. They are muffled.
3. What remains (after death)?
4. It is the lifespan of that person or animal.
5. They perform sacrifices./They sacrifice things to
their god(s).
6. They are pious./They lead/live a pious life.
7. He wrote an account.
8. The magazine listed all the events of the past year.
9. He wants to distinguish himself.

Definitions
C.
1. c
2. b

Wo r d work

Suggestions

When producing an urn or other kinds of pottery you

use clay which is molded into a certain shape. The
product is then decorated with engravings.

3. b
4. a

5. c
6. c

Focus on Listening:

Into My Arms
Lis t e n in g & r e a c t in g

A.
1. kneel down
2. intervene
3. hair on your head
4. direct
5. direct
6. the existence
7. wonder
8. summon
9. a candle

10. path
11. in grace and love
12. guide
13. walk down
14. candles
15. journey
16. keep returning
17. evermore

B.
When a pregnant woman is about to give birth she
1. Because a God intervening might change somegoes into labor. She may moan during the process but
thing about her (his beloved) or about their relawill feel great bliss holding her newborn in her arms.
tionship, which he wants to preserve as it is.
clay
molded
2. The invocation beginning So keep your candles
engraving
shape
burning/And make her journey bright and
16

pure/ is directed to the angels who he has said

he would ask to burn candles to light up her path
if they existed! In finally addressing them, he
ironically contradicts his statement of not believing
in them, and in an interventionist God.
Re f lect & share

Suggestions:

1. By mentioning Lord, Christ, angels etc, the

beloved one is raised from earth level up to more
heavenly spheres. Her rise to a celestial scenery
emphasizes the strength of love from him to her.
2. The misery Mankind suffers from today is part
of Gods great plan and incomprehensible to us.

Credos of Culture
Focus on Listening:

Robinson Crusoe
L is t eni ng & reac ti ng

1. He wants a servant, or at least a friend. Possibly,

Robinson is called by Providence (God) to save
Friday.

2. Robinson knocks down one of them with his rifle

and later, as he is recovering from the blow, Friday
cuts his head off. Robinson kills the other one at
the first shot.
3. Though Robinson cannot understand what Friday
is saying, he finds the sound of the words most
pleasant, since these words are the first sound of a
human voice he has heard for more than twentyfive years.
Re f lect & share

1. Robinson does not hesitate the least over the

moral of shooting whatever he pleases. Afterwards,
when Friday shows his gratitude Robinson interprets this as Friday swearing to be his slave for
ever. Robinson then thinks of him as my Savage
or The poor Creature. And when Robinson contemplates Fridays race, many of the good features
are identical to Robinsons own race the European.

Heart of Darkness
R e a d in g & R e a c t in g

1. They are running to get away from an imminent

detonation connected to the construction of a railway.
2. The chain that joins black men together.

3. The black men that the whites can form according

to their wishes.
Reflect & Share

Suggestion:

1. He implies that the nature of the work going on

was impossible to determine and that the real work
done was the exploitation of a country and its
inhabitants. E.g. this objectless blasting. They
are called criminals from the sea.
2. The colonization of the American continent when
the Indians were driven off their land, the German
occupation of Poland during WWII.
3. The Europeans regarded the black people as unintelligent savages in need of white civilization and
rule. E.g. Seemed to take me into partnership
proceedings, a flabby, pretending folly.
4. The whites were well organized and possessed
skills the natives did not have. Furthermore the
whites had weapons.

5. The reader puts him/herself in the position of the

narrator and lives the story more intensely. It also
gives the story the credibility of being a first-hand
account.
Word Work

Choose the right word

A.
1. clink
2. toot
3. stroll

4. waggle
5. toil

6. descend
7. erect

Follow up
2.
clink: orsaka ett klirrande ljud
toot: tuta
stroll: flanera, strva, promenera
waggle: vagga, gunga
toil: g mdosamt
descend: g ned, sjunka
erect: upprtta
17

Follow up

Translate

B.
detta meningslsa sprngande
en olycksbdande rst
de brutalt vidgade nsborrarna sklvde
total, ddslik likgiltighet
strvade missmodigt
en slapp, hycklande, oplitlig djvul som drivs av
rovgirig och skoningsls galenskap

White Teeth
Re a di ng & reacti ng

1. Since Irie has washed her hair just before, it is

completely ruined. There is no dirt to protect the
scalp from the ammonia applied on her hair. She
starts bleeding and her previously long hair is now
only a few inches long.
2.
a) Long, straight reddish-black hair.

b) We cant really tell, but the saleswoman at Roshis

probably just said so to be able to buy at a lower
cost from the Indian girl, whose hair Irie bought.
In order to sell it at a higher price and thus make
the biggest profit possible, the saleswoman tells
Irie it has no split ends.
3. Alsana notices a change in Iries looks, but cannot
determine what. Neena expresses her surprise by
shouting and starts laughing. Maxine gives Iries
hair a pull and says it looked better before. Then
she and Neena fall into a hysteric lapse.
Re f lect & share

2.
a) The Indian girl doesnt get as much money for her
hair as she probably had hoped for.

Wo r d w o r k

Collocations
A.
1. l
2. e
3. f

4. h
5. i
6. k (wince with pain)

7. g
8. c
9. j

10. b
11. a
12. d

Track down the words

B.
1. obligations
2. snort
3. agony
4. weeping
5. sitcom
6. dye
7. grumbling
8. freebie

9. haphazardly
10. package
11. dubious
12. high-pitched
13. subsided
14. arduous
15. plait
16. tug

Word formation

C.
1. comparison
2. determination
3. flattery
4. competition,
competitors
5. unveiling
6. confidently
7. unceremoniously
8. removal

9. scornfully
10. disapprovingly
11. sacrificial
12. embarrassment
13. contemptuously
14. undeserving
15. amazement,
rudeness
16. oppression

Say Yes
R e a d in g & r e a c t in g

1. He thinks of his own pitching in on the housework as supportive and uncommon assistance for
a man to give.
2. She pinches her eyebrows together and bites her
lower lip while staring down.

b) The black woman is upset by the fact that Irie

prefers to buy Indian hair instead of keeping her
own African hairstyle as it is.

3. She asks him if he would have married her if she

was black, and he admits he wouldnt have.

4. The scene at Roshis can be interpreted as showing oppression of Indian women. The political
implications in this are summed up in Neena saying that Iries new hair was bought from some
poor oppressive Pakistani woman who needed the
cash for her kids.

5. She gets very upset with him.

3. The last line, for example: Irie retreated to an

armchair and tucked her knees up under her chin.

18

4. He argues that a person from the black culture

and a person from his culture could never really
know each other.
6. Instead of showing her anger by snapping through
the magazine, she turns the pages slowly to demonstrate her indifference to him. An outburst
of anger on her part would probably mean that
she cared about him, about the two of them and
somehow wanted to change things for the better.

7. Great emotional distance of the victim. Closeness

and legitimacy of the authority. Lack of support
from a group.

Re f lect & share

Suggestion:
2. The water in the sink has lost its fresh and vigorous quality and indicates how the couples relationship is turning in the same direction.

5.
a) When he hears a movement across the room it might
be her getting out of the bathroom. It is the sound of
a stranger. This implies that the two of them have
become strangers to each other by displaying fundamental differences in basic human values.

1. d
2. k
3. a

4. f
5. j
6. h

9. People tend to obey orders less, if this means

hurting someone who is close to them, either
physically or emotionally. We tend to obey more
if we are to take orders from someone close.

10. If you are in a group where most members disobey an order, it is easier for you yourself to do so
(conform) too.
Reflect & share

Wo r d work

Definitions

8. Because it is easier to harm and even kill someone

who cant be seen.

7. b
8. e
9. i

10. c
11. g

How Far Would

You Go?
Killing on Orders

Re a di ng & reacti ng

1. They drew slips out of a hat to assign the roles,

but the experimenters colleague only pretends his
slip says learner so that the teacher would be
the one to inflict pain.
2. Whenever the learner gives a wrong answer.

3. There were four prods on different levels, each

one pushing the teacher harder to continue
delivering electric shocks. Please continue. The
experiment requires that you contine. It is absolutely essential that you continue. You have no
other choice, you must go on.
4. This tests shows even more the teachers willingness to obey the orders given, since a weak
heart increases the danger of the experiment.

5. The critics meant that the participants were tortured as much as they thought they were torturing the learner.
6. They sweated, trembled, stuttered, bit their lips,
groaned or laughed nervously.

4. The emotional distance of the victims and legitimacy of the authority (the chief-in-command).
Word work

Word formation

A.
assignation + assignment
compliance
demand
deceit + deception
attachment
reassurance
confirmation
survey + surveillance
regret
defiance
support
Follow up
1. compliance
2. defiance
3. commitment
4. support
5. abuse
6. justification

commitment
punishment
perception
justification
revelation
assumption
disturbance
prescription
appeal
abuse

7. deception
8. assumption
9. reassurance/confirmation
10. survey
11. appeal
12. attachment

Antonyms words with opposite meanings

B.
1. adjacent
2. strap
3. attach
4. refuse
5. comply
6. agony
7. disobey

8. compelling
9. abuse
10. unresponsive
11. feign
12. rigged
13. offensive

19

One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest

Re a di ng & reacti ng

1. McMurphy has to realize his mistakes and admit

he was wrong.
2. He shows her no respect by ignoring her.
3. He is screaming with fear.

4. He doesnt look a bit scared. Instead he is grinning, singing and making jokes by referring to the
crucifixion of Jesus.

5. The clasps are there to hold the body in place

when the electric shocks jerk the body. Conductance is used to maximize the intake of electricity
in the body. The rubber hose prevents the victim
from chewing off his tongue or from clenching his
teeth too hard.
Re f lect & share

1. She stares after him, probably outraged by the

humiliation McMurphy inflicts on her by showing
her disrespect in front of the other patients.

2. The sparrows searching hard for seeds in the frosty

grass, later drop off the wire smoking and dead.
This scene symbolically describes what happens to
the Indian and McMurphy.
3. Jesus.

Follow up
1. scattered
2. hushed
3. twisted
4. cancel
5. overthrow
6. snapped

5. g
6. e

7. c

7. cancelled
8. twist
9. snap
10. hushed/hushes
11. scattered
12. overthrew

One word, several meanings

B.
1. bakre delen, uppfostrat, stegrade sig
2. gnistor, stta igng
3. kontakten, byta
4. gick av, brast det, slog igen, frste t, frhastad/
snabb
20

R e a d in g & r e a c t in g

1. The survivors are heroes and almost untouchable.

2. He thinks people are too preoccupied with the
past.

3. The pilot of the plane tried to land too early; he

thought he had already crossed the Andes when
he brought the plane down.
4. An avalanche, extremely low temperatures and
heavy snowfall.
5. Chocolate, jam, toothpaste and wine.

6. Because he was studying medicine at the time.

7. Canessa and a friend left the shelter and walked

and climbed through the Andean wilderness until
they reached help.

8. They have gone on to have families and careers as

doctors, lawyers, businessmen and farmers.

10. Sleeping problems.

Collocations
3. a
4. b

How Far Are We Unwilling to Go?

9. At first they felt revulsion, then it became something natural, even an act of friendship.

Wo r d work

A.
1. d
2. f

5. hlla hrt/krama hrt, spnne/ls

6. fjder, klla, har sitt ursprung i/kommer ifrn, hoppade upp
7. tempel, tinning
8. frvridna, vrickade, slingrade sig, frvrngt/frvanskat

Reflect & share

1. Unlike soccer teams, rugby players have a certain

team spirit where you sacrifice yourself for another
player so that he can score.

Suggestion:

2. The whole thing is repeatedly discussed in the

media, and spectacular and private details with no
real importance are made public.

3. They told each other that they were all willing for
their own bodies to be eaten if they died, in order
to give the others a chance to survive. With this
in mind, eating dead friends felt more right than
wrong.

6. Smell: she smells grief in his tears. Sound: vultures

screeching. Taste: herb tea. Touch: grabbed by the
arm. Look: the interior of the house.

Avignon mission, Yossarian brought him down

with a flying tackle.

Wo r d work

Synonyms

A.
1. emaciated, staggered
2. a startled, peasant
3. injuries, exposure
4. An extensive
5. corpses

6. calculated
7. supervise
8. makeshift, mangled
9. selected
10. grisly

Definitions
B.
1. k
2. e
3. g

4. a
5. c
6. d

7. l
8. i
9. j

10. b
11. f
12. h

Catch 22
Re a di ng & Reacti ng

1. He carried on about there being a dead man in his

tent. The major found Yossarian naked when he
was about to pin a medal on him for heroism.

2. The lieutenant had been killed less than two hours

after arriving in the squadron and he was reported
as never having arrived at all. His things were
certainly in Yossarians tent, and he certainly was
dead, hence the dead man who wasnt even
there. This is another example of a catch or flaw
in the regulations.
3. He wants to talk to him about a matter of life or
death, i.e. about being allowed not to fly any more
bombing missions.

b) Im not ashamed, Yossarian said, Im just

afraid, He never sends anyone home, anyway. He
just keeps them waiting for rotation orders until
he doesnt have enough men left for the crews, and
then raises the missions and throws them all back
on combat status., I dont want to be in the war
any more., We wont lose. Weve got more men,
more money and more material. Then Id certainly be a damned fool to feel any other way.
2. The author uses the repeated phrase to emphasise
the pointlessness of war and that there is nothing
anyone can do about it.

3. No one in the world had the power to remove

the dead mans disorganized effects from Yossarians tent. The only one with any right to remove
his belongings from Yossarians tent, it seemed to
Major Major, was Yossarian himself, and Yossarian, it seemed to Major Major, had no right. He
must never say there was nothing he could do.
Why dont they ask me to ground them? Because
theyre crazy, thats why.
4. Catch 22 implies that anyone who is crazy can be
grounded from combat but first he has to ask. If
he asks he cant be grounded because a crazy person wouldnt ask and it is totally sane not to want
to fly combat missions. Basically, Catch 22 says
that no one can ever be grounded.
W o r d Wo r k

A.
1. pin
4. He jumped out the window ready to dash away.
2. forfeited
3. groaned
5. That he will be allowed to pick his missions and
4. requests
fly milk runs.
5. released
6. He had been told never to say that there was noth- 6. strode
ing he could do and he said just that.
7. That he has to continue because apparently he is
not crazy because anyone wanting to escape bomb
raid missions must be sane.

7. dash
8. counseled
9. gaze
10. obey
11. ground
12. soberly

Explain in English

B.
tackle to take hold of someone and cause him to
fall
8. Because he has to ask for it and if he asks for it he tent a moveable shelter usually made of strong cotis not crazy.
ton, which is supported by poles and held in position by ropes fixed to the ground with hooked nails
belongings
things that you own
Re f lect & Share
wiggle to move up and down and/or from side to
Suggestion:
side with small quick movements
1. a) carrying on so disgracefully about the dead man permission if someone is given permission to do
something s/he is allowed to do it
in his tent, taking off all his clothes after the
21

gravel small rounded stones often mixed with sand

clerk a person who works in an office, dealing with
records or performing general office duties
salute to make a formal sign of respect to someone
often by raising the right hand to the side of the
head
ashamed feeling guilty, anxious or awkward about
something
delay to cause to be late or to cause to happen at a
later time

24/7

Focus on Listening:

2. She had an ear infection.

History Filed
L is t eni ng & reac ti ng

Sushi for Beginners

R e a d in g & R e a c t in g

1. She had considered thoroughly what to wear and

had tried on more than one jacket. She had a
rather subtle/muted make-up on, and so as not
to look too drab she brought her black and white
pony-skin handbag.
3. She had applied for a job at the wild-west ranch
in Mullingar.
4. Calvin Carter was bored and lonely.

5. He had just had a fight with his girlfriend Mai.

A
6. In the end he found her reliable and resourceful
1. He was killed in Memphis.
but most of all he chose her because Jack Devine
2. A rifle with a telescope sight.
didnt like her and Calvin Carter wanted to show
3. He fought for civil rights through nonviolence and
him who was the boss.
was a warded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1964.
4. He was a Christian clergyman (reverend).
7. Ah, Jack Calvin Carter frowned. Take the
Band-Aid, Calvin said., Youre very organized,
B
Jack Devine interrupted. () Somebody needs to
1. It took four days.
be., Hey, I liked her Calvin Carter laughed. I
2. Collect samples of the lunar surface and plant the
didnt, Jack Devine said, moodily. I said I liked
American flag.
her, Calvin Carter repeated. He wasnt used to
3. Richard Nixon.
being disagreed with.
C
1. Marilyn Monroe.
2. By exiting through a back door where her car was
Reflect & Share
waiting for her.
1. To make them nervous and to give them the feel3. She had her chin enlarged through an implant.
ing that they are about to meet a very important
4. A co-actor made a cruel remark that she had no
and busy person.
chin s/he called her a chinless wimp.
2. Being well informed about the company, having
D
practised the interview situation at home before1. She was a seamstress.
hand.
2. Mrs. Parks was not allowed to occupy a seat
reserved for white people on one of the city buses.
3. Martin Luther King.
Re f lect & share ( B)

1. Probably because the (bald) eagle is the national

symbol of the US.

2. He was meant to say Thats one small step for a

man, one giant leap for mankind. Since he forgot
the indefinite article in front of man both clauses
in this statement mean the same: mankind.

22

3. She corrects Calvin Carter by stating that she only

worked at one magazine before she should have
let his comment pass. She giggled nervously she
should have reminded herself not to seem too nervous.
4. The red hat was too obvious and a little bizarre
and she wanted to make an impression of being
efficient and organized.

Wo r d work

Adjectives and adverbs

A.
1. a)

b)
2. a)

b)

c)
3. a)

b)
4. a)

b)

c)
5. a)

b)
6. a)

b)

c)

7. a)
b)
c)
8. a)

b)
9. a)

b)
10. a)

b)
11. a)

b)

briskly
brisk
embarrassing
embarrassingly
embarrassingly
coincidentally
coincidental
current
current
currently
timid
timidly
elaborate
elaborately
elaborate

vaguely
vaguely
vague
meticulous
meticulously
surly
surlily
sheepishly
sheepish
moodily
moody

Explain the words

B.

1. She thought anxiously for a long time about what

make-up to wear.
2. The traffic was standing completely still.
3. She had a loan for her house which she had to
pay back. / She had borrowed money to buy a
house.
4. The stations were at different locations/not in the
same place.
5. She felt sick.
6. It was as if she was looking through a piece of
very thin cloth.
7. Girls should do something special to their hair.
8. The negotiations were taking place at the same
time/were parallel.
9. The series had won a prize.
10. The company had given him the task/job/responsibility of starting it.
11. Ashling changed her behaviour and looked happier. / Ashling started behaving in a more easygoing way.
12. Ashling is a person that you can trust.

Applying for a Job

Wo r d work

1. work experience
2. include
3. enclose
4. education

5. apply for a job

6. cover letter
7. CV
8. qualifications
23

Follow up
1. applied
2. cover letter
3. CV
4. included/enclosed

5. working experience/
education
6. qualifications
7. enclosed/included

Reflect & Share

Suggestion:

1. Some more about her education, her age.

2. That she will contact them.

3. a) I believe that my experiences during the last

eight years will be of greatest interest to you.

b) T
 he editing and writing of the Agony Column
was entirely under my supervision.

4. A recruiter might think that you wrote the letter

in haste and didnt find it important enough to
be very careful about details. Spelling faults might
also suggest that your spelling is in fact inadequate.
This might result in your not being invited to an
interview.

Tailor Your CV to the Job

and Keep it Short
R e a d in g & R e a c t in g

1. A means to introduce yourself to a potential

employer.

2. The CV has to be clear, well structured, concise,

accurate, believable and short. Try to get everything down on one page. It also says that you need
to tailor your CV for every new job you are applying for.
3. To keep track of you diplomas, certificates,
appraisals, etc as well as to remember what jobs
you have applied for.

4. Do not include salary demands, references and

photos and do not rant about your drivers licence.
Reflect & Share

Suggestions:

1.
a) basic economic knowledge, ability to deal with
people, outgoing, good colour and decorating
sense, technical knowledge in order to demonstrate the machines.

b) university degree in computer science, patience,

sense of logic.

c) university degree, outgoing, sporty and fit, inventive and able to make your own decisions, leadership qualities.
d) able to support stress, organised, friendly

e) economic knowledge, leadership qualities, able to

take stress, organisational abilities.
f) able to work long hours, like kids, can take the
heat, fit and strong, able to stand stress.

2.
a) This does not give the recruiter a serious picture
of you.

b) If your demand is too low it shows the recruiter

that you do not value yourself highly enough or
suggests that you do not work well enough. If, on
the other hand, the demand is too high, it suggests to the recruiter that you think very highly
of yourself and that you risk overvaluing yourself.
Leave the salary discussion for the interview and
dont put any unnecessary pressure on the interviewer.

c) Some recruiters may not be bothered to take your

CV out of the folder. You would want your files
to be easily accessible. A plastic folder is an obstacle.
d) Suggests that you are unfamiliar with computers
and also gives a sense of being disorganised.

e) This has nothing to do with the job and only adds

to the length of your CV, which in any case you
should try to keep short.

The CV
Wo r d work

Translate

1. apply for
2. introduce yourself, potential employer
3. record file
4. qualifications, diplomas, certificates and appraisals
5. references or salary demands
6. education
7. positions
8. bulleted
9. goals
10. strengths and weaknesses
11. significant achievement
12. salary expectations
13. responsibilities, qualities
24

Focus on Listening:

Work Places

A.
1. at the ranch
2. at the airport
3. in the flower shop
B.

4. at the box office

5. at the dentists
6. at the hairdressers

1. There arent enough stallions (horses) at the ranch

for the cowboys to ride on. With the stallions they
have now it is impossible to cover the whole area
where the cows graze.
2. The woman has lost her luggage and the man
directs her to another conveyor belt conveyor
belt number three.

3. The object of the festivities is the mans motherin-law. She is turning 80.
4. The third time that the man asks for tickets he
gets what he wants.
5. Three people: the dentist, the nurse and the
patient.

6. The clients first wish to look like one of the

Cosmo cover girls is dashed. The hairdresser
advises the client to just add a little color. The
client then expresses a wish to have a haircut like
Julia Roberts. However, the hairdresser says that
wont be possible. Finally, the client is convinced
to just cut if off an inch as usual.
Focus on Listening:

Taking Instructions
Lis t e n in g & r e a c t in g

A. Au-pair

1. They have to be at school by eight meaning leaving home at 7.45 a.m. The kids have to be picked
up by 3.30 p.m.

2. Wednesdays the husband brings the children to

school. This Thursday the kids dont have to be at
school until 9.15 a.m.
3. Just push the gas and hit the brake. No need to
change gears.
4. The handbrake is broken.

5. Dont get the melon flavored pop-tarts.

6. Steph is allergic to walnuts and if she eats them

she will be intoxicated and go into a coma.
7. In a cupboard down in the basement.

B. At the sports store

1. Goods that arrive have to be marked with a signature and date of arrival. You have to make a copy
of the delivery note and put it in a folder.
2. On the second floor just outside the managers
office.

3. Because the big summer sales start then and they

are expecting lots of people.
4. Check the store and storage room to see if new
products need to be ordered.
5. If theres a delivery of AirMax from Nike.

Focus on Language
Linking words (transitions)
words that join or bridge gaps
between sentences

Mostly just one solution/answer is suggested for each

question, although there are often other possibilities.
A.
1. I agree with him on the whole, even though he is
wrong on several detail points.
Although he is wrong on several points, I agree
with him on the whole.

C. At the caf
1. There are businessmen coming in before work, the
2. Much as/Although Jane studied hard for the test,
occasional shopper, people who come for a late
she failed.
breakfast, people having lunch.
Jane studied hard for the test. Yet she failed.
2. Salad, meat, pasta and fish.
3. Although Vikram has lived for years in London,
3. Cleaning tables.

4. 3.50 an hour, after 6 p.m. an extra pound an

hour, weekends 5.50 an hour.

5. The lunch break is 40 minutes and he is allowed

to take a 15-minute break in the morning and
another in the afternoon.

6. They dont want the Health Inspection complaining.

D. The swimming instructor

1. a) a lot of playing, make them feel secure, respect

for the water and simple breast stroke
b) developing breast stroke and learning to crawl
c) the lot, back stroke, crawl, butterfly and endurance.

2. He worked at the Y and hes been teaching adults

how to crawl.
3. In the instructors changing room.

he is not a British citizen.

Vikram has lived for years in London. Yet/Still he
is not a British citizen.

4. Even though/Although we do not understand any

of the lyrics, we love to listen to African rai music.
We do not understand any of the lyrics. Still/Yet
we love to listen to African rai music.
5. Much as Linda would love to have that job, it
seems unlikely at the moment.

6. Although the reviews were very negative, the film

was a box office success.
The reviews were very negative. Yet the film was a
box office success.
B.
1. Barry takes care of his baby daughter in spite of
working full time as a manager.

2. The airline did not make a profit despite raising

the air fares/despite a rise in the air fares.

4. They like to play.

3. In spite of paying extra for the view, we got a room

facing the back yard.

Job Ads

5. People go on shopping in spite of prices going up/

in spite of the fact that prices go up/in spite of rising prices.

5. Act lifeguard.

Re a di ng & Reacti ng

1. Test person
2. Manager at the Graceland Elvis Foundation
3. Sub Editor at Just Sixteen, Student Critic
4. Decorator

4. Despite achieving a personal best in the race, Robert did not win.

C.
1. They disagreed on almost every point. However/
Nevertheless, they agreed that fighting had to
stop.
2. The new drug seems promising. Nevertheless/
However, doctors warn that there could be side
effects.

25

3. Nobody believed him at the time. However/Nevertheless, new research has proved him right.
4. The black market tickets were expensive. Nevertheless, we bought them.

5. There was no wage rise. Nevertheless, the strikers

went back to work.

D.
1. The Conservatives are strong in the south, whereas
Labour is strong in the north.
2. The price of a railway ticket to Brighton is 15,
while the coach costs only 9.

3. Tom Cruises new movie is a flop, whereas his previous film was a real blockbuster.
4. Petrol powered cars will still speed along the highways, while electric cars are likely to take over the
cities.

Linking words expressing result

1. Both parents were unemployed. Consequently they

could not pay the mortgage.
2. The building society would not grant them a
respite. As a result they had to sell the house.

3. Stringers book gave him an income. Therefore he

could leave his hole under Grand Central.

4. The rugby team in the crashed plane had no food.

Consequently they had to eat the dead bodies.
5. David wants to be good. Therefore he invites a
homeless boy to stay at his house.

6. Oliver becomes a member of Fagins gang. As a

result he has to learn to steal.

Linking words expressing time

A.
1. After finishing her speech, she left the conference.

E.
1. There is a room available at the Eden for 210 per 2. After smashing/breaking all the shop windows
along the street, fifty football fans/supporters were
night. On the other hand/By contrast, a two-night
arrested.
stay at the Caledonian is only 350.
3. Linda
looked at us while pretending not to do so.
2. Her neighbours endless discussions no longer
upset her. On the contrary, she even found them
4. Before selling the house, my parents repaired the
comforting.
roof.
3. He is never aggressive in his approach to his
5. Since leaving the job at the computer company,
patients. On the contrary, his work brings out his
Thomas is still unemployed.
most charming side.
6. When criticized, he always changed his view/opin4. About one in four Hispanic Americans are poor.
By/In contrast, about one in ten white Americans
are below the poverty line.
5. It is a game England are expected to win. On the
other hand, it is a game they could all too easily
lose with key players injured.

6. Everybody says he is an idealist. On the contrary,

he is very down-to-earth and an expert at practical
solutions.

Linking words expressing cause or reason

1. Owing to engine problems, the 5.15 train to Glasgow has been cancelled.
2. Due to bad weather, the rescue team could not
reach the ship.

3. The doctor advised her not to run the Marathon

on account of her asthma.

4. Owing to the spread of the Ebola virus, the number of deaths increased considerably.

5. The professor missed her flight to Boston due to a

traffic hold-up.
6. On account of rising property taxes, many families
have been forced to move to cheaper homes.
26

ion.

7. Once destroyed, the old blocks will never be as

they used to/will never be the same again.

8. Once/When convinced of the need to save the

whales, the environmentalists organized protests.

B.
1. They attacked him the instant he entered the bar.

2. The minute the results were presented, the figures

were questioned by other scientists.
3. The moment the funeral was over, Patricks wife
stopped mourning him.
4. The oil price started to rise immediately as the
war broke out.

5. The lion attacked the instant the antelope turned

its attention the other way.

6. The minute they heard of the accident helicopters

were sent out.
C.
1. No sooner had I checked in at the hotel than the
fire alarm started.

2. Freddy had hardly opened the door when his wife

accused him of being unfaithful.

3. They had barely finished the negotiations before

the parties started to quarrel/argue again.

4. They had hardly released the tickets before everything was sold out.
5. The ships had no sooner left the harbour/port
than German submarines attacked them.

D.
1. Not until eight oclock did the meeting begin/
start.

2. Not until last Tuesday had they found the murder

weapon.
3. Not until tomorrow does the celebration of the
victory start/begin.

4. Only later did they do an experiment to prove that

the substance was dangerous.
5. Only at/Not until the end of the nineties did they
decide to save the rare trees.
6. Not until/Only three weeks later had enough
people booked the trip.

7. No sooner had he got out on the street than the

whole house exploded.
8. Hardly had they signed the contract when the
money started flowing in.

9. Barely had the diver got down in the water before

a shark came towards him.
E.
1. She came back half an hour later, by which time
the board had already dismissed her.

4. Besides building huge modern hotels all along the

coast, he owns the rain forest all over the island.

Linking words expressing a parallel

1. Drug use in America is up 14 percent. Similarly,

a recent survey on drugs in Britain shows an
increase of 15 percent.

2. Charity work offers benefits of its own. Equally,

the satisfaction of assisting elderly people in need
is rewarding.

3. Greenhouse gases are not the end of it. Likewise,

ozone from cars is harmful to plants and humans.

4. The old towns are untouched by the 21st century.

Similarly, the rolling countryside is covered by the
same crops as it has been for hundreds of years.

Linking words expressing condition

A.
1. I cant tell whether she loves or hates me.

2. The England team will not win unless they build

up a real team spirit.
3. Provided we contribute money to the Red Cross,
how will that help earthquake victims in Peru?
4. Unless inflation is brought down there can be no
growth in the economy.

5. Provided you service your car regularly it will never

let you down.

6. Tom would lower the risk of heart disease provided

he went on a healthy diet.

2. Doctors helped the victims on the spot, after

which they were taken to hospital.
3. The rescue workers did not arrive in the area of
the earthquake until three days later, at which
point thousands had already died.

7. The interviewer wanted to know whether the skiing champion took the doping drugs knowingly or
they were accidentally part of his medication.

5. Shakespeare showed up in London in the 1590s,

by which time he was already a well-known man
of the theatre.

2. Ill take/bring the mobile/cell phone in case we get

lost.

4. His mission in Afghanistan was finished, after

which he returned to Washington.

Linking words expressing an addition

1. Making sure that there are no hikers in the area is

part of the hunters duties. In addition, they have
to manage the camp and the hunting dogs.
2. With the end of foreign aid money, water programs had to be stopped. Moreover, education
suffered severe cuts.

3. Teenage mothers are encouraged to delay marriage

and get a job. Furthermore, teenage mothers who
keep their babies get support from the Young
Mothers group.

B.
1. The police are there to protect him in case something happens.

3. The life boats had been lowered in case the situation got worse.
4. He was also looking for other jobs in case he did
not get this job.
Conditional clauses
A.
1. had accepted
2. got
3. had looked
4. had not carried
5. gave

27

B.

Suggestions:

6. The one getting the job must have the best qualifications.

1. I would try to find my way back to civilization.

7. Wishing to see her again, he asked for her phone

number.

3. we would buy a round-the-world ticket.

9. While accepting his decision, I can still see the

risks.

2. I would give money to charity.

4. they would not have been forced out of their

apartment.
5. this would never have happened.

6. she would have punished him severely.

7. If we had been smarter

8. If they humiliated me again

9. If they had given me a part in Colin Firths new

film

10. if they reduced the traffic.

11. if they hadnt forced me.

12. if we had known their new address and phone

number.
13. if you did not marry him immediately.

14. if you had told me when your holiday begins.

Should in conditional clauses

1. If he should come, we will talk to him.

2. If they should see a Siberian tiger, it will be a sensation.

3. If this book should become a national best-seller,
Stringer will earn a fortune.
4. If they should pull out of the experiment, the
results would be compromised.
5. If she should meet Mr Darcy, Bridget would
hardly know what to say.

6. If Fagin should become a law-abiding citizen, he

would be an efficient business leader.
Contracted clauses
A.
1. While making arrangements for the wedding,
dont forget to book the church.
2. Seeing himself in the shop window he got a
shock.

3. He gave up, seeing that he could do nothing to

help.

4. Although agreeing with the President, the Secretary of State would have liked another decision on
the issue of retaliation.
5. After finishing the interviews, they discussed the
merits of the candidates.
28

8. Crying he ran out of the room.

10. Whenever visiting New York, give me a ring.

11. Walking about in the house, I noticed that something had changed.
12. Despite winning the election, the party was kept
out of the government.
13. The play opening tomorrow has got excellent
reviews.
14. Driving onto the highway she revved up the
engine and picked up speed.

15. Not trusting the results, the research team continued their experiments.

16. Before leaving the office, she checked her e-mail.

B.
1. Worried that she might say no,

2. Confused by all the conflicting information,

3. Amazed to see her ex-husband at the party,

4. Outraged that the offenders were released on bail,

5. Disgusted by the smell of rubbish,

6. Deprived of love and care in childhood,

7. Horrified at the sight of his wifes dead body,

C.

Suggestions:

Ashamed of herself, she apologised profusely.

Aware of the tense situation, all parties tried to show
restraint.
Embarrassed by her boyfriends behaviour, she left
the party.
Offended by the article, the minister asked the newspaper for an apology.
Shocked by the result of his dirty trick, the boy ran
into hiding.
Upset by the managers criticism, she told him off
and left for the day.
The fact that or -ing-form after prepositions
1. The Prime Minister insisted on the controversial
proposition being put forward.
2. I dont believe that the situation has improved in
the poorest countries in the world.

3. He objected to the company moving him to the

office in Cardiff.

4. We reacted against the fact that they constructed

a new motorway through the forest.
5. It led to less visitors coming to the area.

6. The elephants suffered from the fact that illegal

hunters shot down the biggest bulls.

7. The young elephants depended on the adult animals protecting and bringing them up.
8. It ended with hooligan young male elephants
attacking people and local villages.

9. Lots of people protested against the fact that the

company laid off five hundred employees.

10. It resulted in the unemployment in the town rising by ten per cent.
Word order: where to place adverbials containing several words
1. Owing to the cancelled flight we arrived too late
for the meeting.
2. She told me to meet her at the pub after I had
finished work.

3. He hopes that in the near future we will be able to

say which comets are threatening the earth.
4. We asked if after the successful performance we
could celebrate at/in a good restaurant.

5. Without asking for help he could make the computers work again.

6. It shows his courage, since he risks his own rather

than his friends lives.

7. She was not happy because after all the years gone
by she could not forget Ashley.
8. To my great surprise he had bought a big, expensive car.
Prepositions
A.
1. immune to
2. resistant to
3. accustomed to
4. sensitive to
5. worried aboutz
6. sorry for
7. angry at/with

8. shocked at/by
9. good at
10. subject to
11. envious of
12. suspicious of
13. proud of
14. surprised at/by

B.
1. They accused him of incompetence.
2. The thief aimed at the sheriff.
3. She was suffering from a stomach ulcer.
4. I have heard of Helen Fielding.

5. Ashling dreams of/about her future job.

6. We are longing for a good long holiday.
7. She is looking for her car keys.
8. Grandma looks after the children when necessary.
9. My boss shouted at me.
10. It started by/with Peter forgetting his money in
the motel.
11. It ended by/with Clare spraining her ankle.
12. The pupils threw snowballs at the teacher.
13. The opposition objected to the proposal.
14. He jumped at the chance to teach in China.
15. Dont pick on me.
16. I ran into her yesterday in Oxford street.
17. She insisted on paying for half the gas.
Apostrophes
A.
1. Its
2. its
3. its

4. Its
5. Its, its
6. its

B.
1. Ralphs
2. the Presidents
3. the princesss
4. the horses
5. parents
6. colleagues
7. womens
8. childrens

7. its
8. Its
9. Mrs Joness/Mrs Jones
10. the others
11. someone elses
12. ones
13. nobodys
14. friends
15. Mr Reess/Mr Rees

-ing after certain verbs and expressions

A.
1. feeling
2. driving
3. pleading
4. seeking
5. paying
6. growing
7. killing

8. buying
9. losing
10. causing
11. digging
12. eating
13. hearing
14. defending

B.
1. Its no use worrying about it.
2. Its no good asking the authorities to help you.
3. Its not worth spending five days there.
4. Its not worth being upset about him.
5. Its a waste of time handing out the leaflets.
6. Its a waste of money buying that company.

C.
1. We must consider giving homeless people a place
to live/stay.
2. I cannot see any difficulty solving this problem.
3. They denied having written the leaflet.
4. She can never imagine gambling for money.
29

5. She does not want to work with anything that

involves killing animals.

5. This will/is going to make you change your mind.

7. They do not want to risk losing all/everything

they own.

7. We cannot/cant make the engine start.

6. We must practise speaking English.

8. He could not resist telling her the truth.

9. We suggest using bicycles/bikes for short distances in town/in the city.

10. Many people dislike being asked about their

income.
-ing or the infinitive
1. to build
2. (to) fund
3. to feel
4. to cut
5. being shown
6. molesting
7. losing
8. to take

9. sending
10. to fight
11. to flood
12. being accused
13. remaking
14. to ban
15. to donate
16. trying

Some special cases with the infinitive and the

-ing-form
1. The stopped talking about politics.

2. They went on to talk about the (up)coming holiday/vacation.

3. They went on discussing until/till late in the evening.

4. Sandra stopped to look at the beautiful view.
5. The big family needs to buy a bigger house.
6. Our cottage/house needs painting.

7. I am not used to drinking so much.

8. I usually drink only two glasses.

9. They used to take/go for long walks along the

beach.

10. The police tried to arrest the burglar.

11. They tried placing/putting the dying plant in a

sunnier room to see if it helped.
12. It usually helps.

Make someone do something/make something

happen
1. The information made me stop smoking.
2. It made me a better person.

3. The judge made her tell the truth.

4. The new laws made the country a paradise for

refugees.
30

6. We must make the company pay higher salaries/

wages.
Irregular plural
1. deer
2. three-person tent
3. Lebanese
4. brothers-in-law
5. headquarters
6. crises
7. mice
8. analyses

9. sheep
10 species
11. Swiss
12. aircraft
13. fifteen-page
articles
14. thieves
15. phenomena

Who, which or whose?

1. whose
2. that/which
3. that
4. who
5. who

6. that/which
7. whose
8. that/which
9. who
10. whose

English equivalents of the Swedish indefinite

pronoun man
1. How do you get to Kew Gardens?

2. After he had got married, he was never heard of

again.
3. You/One should get a proper education. /Its
good to get a proper education.

4. If you/one want/s to make a career you have to/

one has to be prepared to invest a lot of hard
work.
5. That night/evening in August 1999 you/they
could see Haleys comet quite clearly.

6. You have/One has to take your/ones responsibility as a member of society.

7. I have been invited here today to talk about
young peoples alcohol/drinking habits.

8. In Great Britain they want to legalize private use

of cannabis.

9. In order to get to the British Museum you take

the Underground from Victoria Station to Trafalgar Square and there you change to the blue line.

10. In the Middle Ages people believed in witches.

People/They believed in witches in the Middle
Ages.

It is/there is det
1. It will be hard to convince him.

2. Did you see if there was any milk left in the

fridge?
3. I think it will be nice tomorrow.

4. There was a very long pause before anyone spoke.

5. It is very unusual that lobsters get this big.

6. He said that there were probably more than 350

people at the prom.
7. Is there any mail for me?

8. There is a pink love letter on the stairs/steps.

Formal and informal style
A gray Mercedes stopped in front of the house.
Quickly opening the door, the driver ran out.
Evidently failing to find what he was seeking, he
retreated into the car and disappeared. There was a
sudden scream, and I ran towards it, to find a man
lying on the ground. His shoes had been removed
and placed neatly beside him. Before I could bend
down to inspect, the man jerked suddenly. This was
presumably his last grasp for life. The mans chest
was injured with what appeared to be a shot wound.
Unsure of how to proceed, I immediately contacted
the police. It was exceptionally difficult to think and
act rationally.

7. There are too many people in here.

8. The police have searched the area.
Adjectives and adverbs
1. quietly
2. easily
3. fast
4. usually
5. safe
6. loudly
7. well
8. badly

9. amazingly
10. briefly
11. hard
12. patiently
13. direct
14. incredibly
15. peculiar

Irregular verbs
1. Shaken
2. dug
3. forbade
4. lost
5. sewn
6. swept
7. slept, ground
8. laid

9. rewound
10. lay
11. worn
12. struck
13. leapt
14. shrunk
15. arisen

Concord
A.
1. was/is
2. are
3. were/are
4. is
5. is
6. were/are
7. were/are
8. is

9. were/are
10. are
11. are
12. Is
13. are
14. were/are
15. is

B.
1. The contents dont live up to/match/meet our
expectations.
2. What does this word mean?

3. The United Nations is a global organisation which

encourages international cooperation.
4. Statistics for the number of unemployed in this
country are very reliable.

5. All news on TV the last week has dealt with/been

about the election in Germany.

6. The pool opens at 9 a.m. and closes at 6.30 p.m. /

The swimming baths open/close
31

Best nr 21-20414-4
Tryck nr 21-21053-5

789121 204146