Angular Speed (RPM): We measured angular speed in RPM using both a

laser meter shone onto a reflective piece of tape on the apparatus, as

well as a magnetic meter that was directly attached onto the engine.
We used the laser meter at low speeds, as the magnetic meter was
inaccurate, and then used the magnetic meter as speeds increased
due to ease of reading. The physical significance of this measurement
was that it represented the number of times the impellers made a full
revolution in one minute.
Angular Speed (radians/second): To convert RPM to radians/second, we
had to perform a number of conversions. First, we multiplied the RPM
value by 2 to convert the unitless revolutions into radians. Following,
we divided the value by 60 to convert the time measurement from
minutes to seconds. The final value gave angular speed in units of
radians per second. This value physically represented the number of
radians an impeller travelled through per second.
Force (N): We obtained the force in Newtons by attaching a string to a
lever arm on the engine, then reading the force measurement on the
scale once the lever was re-equilibrated. We recorded this number
down as gathered data. This value physically represented force
produced by the engine pulling at various angular speeds.
Torque (N/m^2): We converted the force measurement into a torque
measurement by taking the cross product of the force and the lever
arm. We obtained the length of this lever arm as 0.11 meter, and
multiplied it by the force measurement to result in the torque
measurement. Physically, this is the rotational force that results
perpendicular to the original motion.
Power (W): Finally, we obtained the power measurement by multiplying
the torque value by the angular speed in radians per second. This was
a straightforward calculation, and gave the physical representation of
the amount of power required to drive the turbine impellers at a
specific angular speed.
Following, we present the graph of angular speed plotted against
power as given in the problem statement. Comparing the two graphs,
we can establish clear similarities between the two. The two main
points of comparison include the shape of each speed to power
relationship and the overall relationship between the representative
lines for each individual impeller size. Because the given graph from
literature did not provide specific values and characteristics, we can
only make a qualitative statement that the shapes do both follow
roughly exponential-type curves. Secondly, we were not given
information regarding which line corresponded with which impeller
size, so we had to make that determination ourselves. Judging from the
data plots, we can see that the larger blades correspond with higher
power requirements for a given impeller speed. This makes physical

sense because a larger impeller blade has a larger surface area, which
in turn results in a larger mass of mineral oil to be moved per unit time.
Next, we performed analysis on two nondimensionalized numbers,
Reynolds number and Power number.