Table 1: Human Development Index and its components

HDI rank

1
2
3
4
5
6
6
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
32

Country
VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Norway
Australia
Switzerland
Denmark
Netherlands
Germany
Ireland
United States
Canada
New Zealand
Singapore
Hong Kong, China (SAR)
Liechtenstein
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Korea (Republic of)
Israel
Luxembourg
Japan
Belgium
France
Austria
Finland
Slovenia
Spain
Italy
Czech Republic
Greece
Estonia
Brunei Darussalam
Cyprus
Qatar

Human
Development
Index (HDI)

Life expectancy
at birth

Value

(years)

2014

2014

0.944
0.935
0.930
0.923
0.922
0.916
0.916
0.915
0.913
0.913
0.912
0.910
0.908
0.907
0.907
0.899
0.898
0.894
0.892
0.891
0.890
0.888
0.885
0.883
0.880
0.876
0.873
0.870
0.865
0.861
0.856
0.850
0.850

81.6
82.4
83.0
80.2
81.6
80.9
80.9
79.1
82.0
81.8
83.0
84.0
80.0
82.2
80.7
82.6
81.9
82.4
81.7
83.5
80.8
82.2
81.4
80.8
80.4
82.6
83.1
78.6
80.9
76.8
78.8
80.2
78.2

34
35
36
37
37
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
50
52
52
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
60
62
63
64
64
66
67
67
69
69
71
72
73
74
75

Andorra
Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Malta
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
United Arab Emirates
Chile
Portugal
Hungary
Bahrain
Latvia
Croatia
Kuwait
Montenegro
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Belarus
Russian Federation
Oman
Romania
Uruguay
Bahamas
Kazakhstan
Barbados
Antigua and Barbuda
Bulgaria
Palau
Panama
Malaysia
Mauritius
Seychelles
Trinidad and Tobago
Serbia
Cuba
Lebanon
Costa Rica
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Turkey
Sri Lanka
Mexico
Brazil

0.845
0.844
0.843
0.839
0.839
0.837
0.836
0.835
0.832
0.830
0.828
0.824
0.819
0.818
0.816
0.802

81.3
76.3
77.4
73.3
80.6
74.3
76.3
77.0
81.7
80.9
75.2
76.6
74.2
77.3
74.4
76.2

0.798
0.798
0.793
0.793
0.793
0.790
0.788
0.785
0.783
0.782
0.780
0.780
0.779
0.777
0.772
0.772
0.771
0.769
0.769
0.766
0.766
0.762
0.761
0.757
0.756
0.755

71.3
70.1
76.8
74.7
77.2
75.4
69.4
75.6
76.1
74.2
72.7
77.6
74.7
74.4
73.1
70.4
74.9
79.4
79.3
79.4
75.4
74.2
75.3
74.9
76.8
74.5

76
77
78
79
80
81
81
83
84
85
85
85
88
89
90
90
90
93
94
94
96
97
97
99
100
101
101
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
110
112
113
114
115
116

Georgia
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Azerbaijan
Grenada
Jordan
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedon
Ukraine
Algeria
Peru
Albania
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ecuador
Saint Lucia
China
Fiji
Mongolia
Thailand
Dominica
Libya
Tunisia
Colombia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Jamaica
Tonga
Belize
Dominican Republic
Suriname
Maldives
Samoa
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Botswana
Moldova (Republic of)
Egypt
Turkmenistan
Gabon
Indonesia
Paraguay
Palestine, State of
Uzbekistan
Philippines
El Salvador

0.754
0.752
0.751
0.750
0.748
0.747
0.747
0.736
0.734
0.733
0.733
0.733
0.732
0.729
0.727
0.727
0.727
0.726
0.724
0.724
0.721
0.720
0.720
0.719
0.717
0.715
0.715
0.714
0.706
0.702

74.9
73.8
70.8
73.4
74.0
75.4
71.0
74.8
74.6
77.8
74.7
76.5
75.9
75.1
75.8
70.0
69.4
74.4
77.8
71.6
74.8
74.0
72.9
75.7
72.8
70.0
73.5
71.1
76.8
73.4

0.698
0.693
0.690
0.688
0.684
0.684
0.679
0.677
0.675
0.668
0.666

64.5
71.6
71.1
65.6
64.4
68.9
72.9
72.9
68.4
68.2
73.0

116
116
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
126
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
134
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
143
145
145
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
156

South Africa
Viet Nam
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Kyrgyzstan
Iraq
Cabo Verde
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Guyana
Nicaragua
Morocco
Namibia
Guatemala
Tajikistan
India
Honduras
Bhutan
Timor-Leste
Syrian Arab Republic
Vanuatu
Congo
Kiribati
Equatorial Guinea
Zambia
Ghana
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Sao Tome and Principe
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Kenya
Nepal
Pakistan
Myanmar
Angola
Swaziland
Tanzania (United Republic of)
Nigeria
Cameroon
Madagascar
Zimbabwe
Mauritania
Solomon Islands

0.666
0.666
0.662
0.655
0.654
0.646
0.640
0.636
0.631
0.628
0.628
0.627
0.624
0.609
0.606
0.605
0.595
0.594
0.594
0.591
0.590
0.587
0.586
0.579
0.575
0.570
0.555
0.555

57.4
75.8
68.3
70.6
69.4
73.3
69.1
66.4
74.9
74.0
64.8
71.8
69.4
68.0
73.1
69.5
68.2
69.6
71.9
62.3
66.0
57.6
60.1
61.4
66.2
71.6
68.4
66.5

0.548
0.548
0.538
0.536
0.532
0.531
0.521
0.514
0.512
0.510
0.509
0.506
0.506

61.6
69.6
66.2
65.9
52.3
49.0
65.0
52.8
55.5
65.1
57.5
63.1
67.9

158
159
160
161
162
163
163
163
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188

Papua New Guinea

Comoros
Yemen
Lesotho
Togo
Haiti
Rwanda
Uganda
Benin
Sudan
Djibouti
South Sudan
Senegal
Afghanistan
Cte d'Ivoire
Malawi
Ethiopia
Gambia
Congo (Democratic Republic of the)
Liberia
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Sierra Leone
Guinea
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Chad
Eritrea
Central African Republic
Niger
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of)
Marshall Islands
Monaco
Nauru
San Marino
Somalia
Tuvalu
Human development groups
Very high human development
High human development

0.505
0.503
0.498
0.497
0.484
0.483
0.483
0.483
0.480
0.479
0.470
0.467
0.466
0.465
0.462
0.445
0.442
0.441
0.433
0.430
0.420
0.419
0.416
0.413
0.411
0.402
0.400
0.392
0.391
0.350
0.348

62.6
63.3
63.8
49.8
59.7
62.8
64.2
58.5
59.6
63.5
62.0
55.7
66.5
60.4
51.5
62.8
64.1
60.2
58.7
60.9
55.2
58.0
55.1
50.9
58.8
58.7
56.7
51.6
63.7
50.7
61.4

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

70.3
..
..
..
..
55.4
..

0.896
0.744

80.5
75.1

Medium human development

Low human development

0.630
0.505

68.6
60.6

Developing countries

0.660

69.8

Regions
Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa

0.686
0.710
0.748
0.748
0.607
0.518

70.6
74.0
72.3
75.0
68.4
58.5

Least developed countries

Small island developing states

0.502
0.660

63.3
70.1

Organisation for Economic Co-operati

0.880

80.2

World

0.711

71.5

Notes
a. Data refer to 2014 or the most recent year available.
b. Based on Barro and Lee (2013b).
c. For the purpose of calculating the HDI value, expected years of schooling is capped at 18 years.
d. Updated by HDRO based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015) and Barro and Lee (201
e. Based on Barro and Lee (2014).
f. Based on data from the national statistical office.
g. For the purpose of calculating the HDI value, GNI per capita is capped at $75,000.
h. Value from UNDESA (2011).
i. Calculated as the average of mean years of schooling for Austria and Switzerland.
j. Estimated using the purchasing power parity (PPP) rate and projected growth rate of Switzerland.
k. HDRO estimate based on data from World Bank (2015a) and United Nations Statistics Division (2015).
l. Updated by HDRO based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015).
m. Assumes the same adult mean years of schooling as Spain.
n. Estimated using the PPP rate and projected growth rate of Spain.
o. Based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2011).
p. Based on data on school life expectancy from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013).
q. Based on data from United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for 20
r. Based on cross-country regression.

s. The 2013 HDI value published in the 2014 Human Development Report was based on miscalculated G
realistic value, based on the model developed by HDRO and verified and accepted by Cubas National St
69th.
t. Based on a cross-country regression model and projected growth rates from ECLAC (2014).
Brazil (2013).
x. Based on projected growth rates from UNESCWA (2014).
v. Updated by HDRO based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015) and a UNICEF Multiple I

w. Based on data on school life expectancy from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2012).
y. Based on data from ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys for 20052014.
z. Updated by HDRO based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015), an ICF Macro Demogra
aa. Updated by HDRO based on data from a UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey.
ab. Based on data from Timor-Leste Ministry of Finance (2015).
Definitions

Human Development Index (HDI): A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dim
standard of living. See Technical note 1 at http://hdr.undp.org/en for details on how the HDI is calculated.
Life expectancy at birth: Number of years a newborn infant could expect to live if prevailing patterns of a
life.

Expected years of schooling: Number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can exp
the childs life.

Mean years of schooling: Average number of years of education received by people ages 25 and older,
Gross national income (GNI) per capita: Aggregate income of an economy generated by its production
factors of production owned by the rest of the world, converted to international dollars using PPP rates, di

Main data sources

Column 1: HDRO calculations based on data from UNDESA (2015), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (201
(2014) and IMF (2015).
Column 2: UNDESA (2015).
Column 3: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015).
Column 4: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015), Barro and Lee (2014), UNICEF Multiple Indicator Clust
Column 5: World Bank (2015a), IMF (2015) and United Nations Statistics Division (2015).
Column 6: Calculated based on data in columns 1 and 5.

Expected years
of schooling

Mean years of
schooling

Gross national
income (GNI) per
capita

(years)

(years)

(2011 PPP $)

2014
17.5
20.2
15.8
18.7
17.9
16.5
18.6
16.5
15.9
19.2
15.4
15.6
15.0
15.8
16.2
19.0
16.9
16.0
13.9
15.3
16.3
16.0
15.7
17.1
16.8
17.3
16.0
16.4
17.6
16.5
14.5
14.0
13.8

c
f

GNI per capita

rank minus HDI
rank

2014

2014

2014

12.6
13.0
12.8
12.7
11.9
13.1
12.2
12.9
13.0
12.5
10.6
11.2
11.8
12.1
13.1
10.6
11.9
12.5
11.7
11.5
11.3
11.1
10.8
10.3
11.9
9.6
10.1
12.3
10.3
12.5
8.8
11.6
9.1

64,992
42,261
56,431
44,025
45,435
43,919
39,568
52,947
42,155
32,689
76,628
53,959
79,851
45,636
39,267
35,182
33,890
30,676
58,711
36,927
41,187
38,056
43,869
38,695
27,852
32,045
33,030
26,660
24,524
25,214
72,570
28,633
123,124

5
17
6
11
9
11
16
3
11
23
-7
-2
-10
-1
9
12
13
16
-11
7
0
4
-5
0
12
7
4
10
14
12
-26
3
-31

d
e

b
e

d
e
e

e
d

d
e

e
e

g,j

13.5
15.1
15.5
16.4
14.4
16.3
17.9
13.3
15.2
16.3
15.4
14.4
15.2
14.8
14.7
15.2
15.7
14.7
13.6
14.2
15.5
12.6
15.0
15.4
14.0
14.4
13.7
13.3
12.7
15.6
13.4
12.3
14.4
13.8
13.8
13.9
15.1
14.2
14.5
13.7
13.1
15.2

9.6
12.2
11.8
12.4
10.3
8.7
9.8
9.5
9.8
8.2
11.6
9.4
11.5
11.0
7.2
11.2

12.0
12.0
8.0
10.8
8.5
10.9
11.4
10.5
9.2
10.6
12.3
9.3
10.0
8.5
9.4
10.9
10.5
11.5
7.9
8.4
8.2
8.9
7.6
10.8
8.5
7.7

d
d
d

d
b
d

e
q
r
d
f

q
l

e
d

43,978
25,845
23,177
24,500
27,930
52,821
22,050
60,868
21,290
25,757
22,916
38,599
22,281
19,409
83,961
14,558
16,676
22,352
34,858
18,108
19,283
21,336
20,867
12,488
20,070
15,596
13,496
18,192
22,762
17,470
23,300
26,090
12,190
7,301
16,509
13,413
15,440
16,159
18,677
9,779
16,056
15,175

-18
5
10
7
-1
-27
11
-34
11
-2
3
-20
4
11
-46
27
14
-1
-23
10
7
-3
-1
27
-1
13
18
1
-14
0
-19
-25
20

47
-1
10
4
-2
-12
29
-4
-1

13.8
12.9
11.9
15.8
13.5
13.4
15.1
14.0
13.1
11.8
12.3
13.6
14.2
12.6
13.1
15.7
14.6
13.5
12.7
14.0
14.6
13.5
13.4
12.4
14.7
13.6
13.1
12.7
13.0
12.9
12.5
11.9
13.5
10.8
12.5
13.0
11.9
13.0
11.5
11.3
12.3

w
l

l
l
f

12.1
8.4
11.2
8.6
9.9
9.3
11.3
7.6
9.0
9.3
10.9
8.3
7.6
9.3
7.5
9.9
9.3
7.3
7.9
7.3
6.8
7.3
8.6
9.7
10.7
10.5
7.6
7.7
5.8
10.3

8.9
11.2
6.6
9.9
7.8
7.6
7.7
8.9
10.9
8.9
6.5

r
l
r

q
e

e
v

q
b

r
e
q
d
r
e
e

y
z
f

e
r
y
z
b

aa
d

7,164
20,805
16,428
10,939
11,365
11,780
8,178
13,054
11,015
9,943
8,124
9,638
10,605
9,765
12,547
7,493
10,729
13,323
9,994
14,911
10,404
12,040
9,937
7,415
5,069
7,614
11,883
15,617
12,328
5,327
16,646
5,223
10,512
13,066
16,367
9,788
7,643
4,699
5,567
7,915
7,349

40
-21
-11
14
11
9
25
-1
8
14
22
19
7
14
-7
21
4
-13
4
k,x

-19
1
-9
3
13
32
9
-12
-32
-19
24
-41
23
-12
-28
-42
-9
-3

21
10
-7
-3

13.6
11.9
13.2
12.5
10.1
13.5
11.7
10.3
11.5
11.6
11.3
10.7
11.2
11.7
11.1
12.6
11.7
12.3
10.6
11.1
12.3
9.0
13.5
11.5
10.6
10.0
10.9
11.3
11.0
12.4
7.8
8.6
11.4
11.3
9.2
9.0
10.4
10.3
10.9
8.5
9.2

9.9
7.5
8.2
10.6
6.4
4.7
9.7
8.5
6.0
4.4
6.2
5.6
10.4
5.4
5.5
3.0
4.4
6.3
6.8
6.1
7.8
5.5
6.6
7.0
5.0
5.1
4.4
4.7
6.3
3.3
4.7
4.1
4.7
7.1
5.1
5.9
6.0
6.0
7.3
3.8
5.0

e
r
f
e
e
b
e

y
e

q
y
e
aa
b
r
y
e

q
e
y
y

b
e

e
y
b
e
y
e
q
e
e
f

12,122
5,092
5,760
3,044
14,003
6,094
3,432
6,522
4,457
6,850
9,418
6,929
2,517
5,497
3,938
7,176
5,363
2,728
2,803
6,012
2,434
21,056
3,734
3,852
4,680
3,191
2,949
2,918
2,762
2,311
4,866
4,608
6,822
5,542
2,411
5,341
2,803
1,328
1,615
3,560
1,540

-29
15
4
29
-44
-1
21
-4
12
-8
-21
-11
27
-4
7
-17
ab

-6

k,x

21
19
-14
21
-84
2
-1
-6
5
7
8

9
16
-14
-12
-30
-25
8
-24
-1
24
13
-14
16

9.9
11.5
9.2
11.1
12.2
8.7
10.3
9.8
11.1
7.0
6.4
7.6
7.9
9.3
8.9
10.8
8.5
8.8
9.8
9.5
9.0
8.4
9.3
8.6
8.7
7.8
10.1
7.4
4.1
7.2
5.4

4.0
4.6
2.6
5.9
4.5
4.9
3.7
5.4
3.3
3.1
3.8
5.4
2.5
3.2
4.3
4.3
2.4
2.8
6.0
4.1
2.8
2.0
3.2
3.1
2.4
1.4
2.7
1.9
3.9
4.2
1.5

e
y
e
z
y
y

e
e
b
q

e
b
e

e
r

y
e
y
y
e

r
q
e

2,463
1,456
3,519
3,306
1,228
1,669
1,458
1,613
1,767
3,809
3,276
2,332
2,188
1,885
3,171
747
1,428
1,507
680
805
1,362
1,583
1,123
1,780
1,096
1,591
758
2,085
1,130
581
908

-1
16
-17
-16
17
4
11
6
0
-27
-22
-9
-8
-7
-24
13
2
-2
11
7
-1
-8
1
-16
0
-13
1
-22
-6
1
-5

..
..
..
9.3
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
4,674
..
..
..
..
5,278

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

16.4
13.6

11.8
8.2

41,584
13,961

11.8
9.0

6.2
4.5

6,353
3,085

11.7

6.8

9,071

12.0
12.7
13.6
14.0
11.2
9.6

6.4
7.5
10.0
8.2
5.5
5.2

15,722
11,449
12,791
14,242
5,605
3,363

9.3
11.4

4.1
7.9

2,387
6,991

15.8

11.5

37,658

12.2

7.9

14,301

pped at 18 years.
and Barro and Lee (2014).

te of Switzerland.
atistics Division (2015).

r Cluster Surveys for 20052014.

sed on miscalculated GNI per capita in 2011 PPP dollars, as published in the World Bank (2014). A more
d by Cubas National Statistics Office, is $7,222. The corresponding 2013 HDI value is 0.759 and the rank is

LAC (2014).

nd a UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey.

an ICF Macro Demographic and Health Survey and Barro and Lee (2014).

ement in three basic dimensions of human developmenta long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent
w the HDI is calculated.
prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth stay the same throughout the infants

l entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout

ople ages 25 and older, converted from education attainment levels using official durations of each level.
erated by its production and its ownership of factors of production, less the incomes paid for the use of
ars using PPP rates, divided by midyear population.

titute for Statistics (2015), United Nations Statistics Division (2015), World Bank (2015a), Barro and Lee

Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys.

Table 2: Trends in the Human Development Index, 1990-2014

Human Development Index (H

HDI rank

1
2
3
4
5
6
6
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
32
34

Value

Country

VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Norway
Australia
Switzerland
Denmark
Netherlands
Germany
Ireland
United States
Canada
New Zealand
Singapore
Hong Kong, China (SAR)
Liechtenstein
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Korea (Republic of)
Israel
Luxembourg
Japan
Belgium
France
Austria
Finland
Slovenia
Spain
Italy
Czech Republic
Greece
Estonia
Brunei Darussalam
Cyprus
Qatar
Andorra

1990

2000

2010

0.849
0.865
0.831
0.799
0.829
0.801
0.770
0.859
0.849
0.820
0.718
0.781
..
0.815
0.773
0.802
0.731
0.785
0.779
0.814
0.806
0.779
0.794
0.783
0.766
0.756
0.766
0.761
0.759
0.726
0.782
0.733
0.754
..

0.917
0.898
0.888
0.862
0.877
0.855
0.861
0.883
0.867
0.874
0.819
0.825
..
0.897
0.865
0.859
0.821
0.850
0.851
0.857
0.874
0.848
0.836
0.857
0.824
0.827
0.829
0.821
0.799
0.780
0.819
0.800
0.809
..

0.940
0.927
0.924
0.908
0.909
0.906
0.908
0.909
0.903
0.905
0.897
0.898
0.902
0.901
0.906
0.892
0.886
0.883
0.886
0.884
0.883
0.881
0.879
0.878
0.876
0.867
0.869
0.863
0.866
0.838
0.843
0.848
0.844
0.823

35
36
37
37
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
50
52
52
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
60
62
63
64
64
66
67
67
69
69
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80

Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Malta
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
United Arab Emirates
Chile
Portugal
Hungary
Bahrain
Latvia
Croatia
Kuwait
Montenegro
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Belarus
Russian Federation
Oman
Romania
Uruguay
Bahamas
Kazakhstan
Barbados
Antigua and Barbuda
Bulgaria
Palau
Panama
Malaysia
Mauritius
Seychelles
Trinidad and Tobago
Serbia
Cuba
Lebanon
Costa Rica
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Turkey
Sri Lanka
Mexico
Brazil
Georgia
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Azerbaijan
Grenada
Jordan

0.738
0.713
0.730
0.729
0.690
0.705
0.726
0.699
0.710
0.703
0.746
0.692
0.670
0.715
..

0.763
0.786
0.754
0.766
0.744
0.762
0.797
0.752
0.782
0.769
0.794
0.727
0.749
0.804
..

0.827
0.829
0.827
0.824
0.805
0.811
0.828
0.814
0.819
0.821
0.819
0.811
0.807
0.809
0.792

..
0.729
..
0.703
0.692
..
0.690
0.716
..
0.695
..
0.656
0.641
0.619
..
0.673
0.714
0.675
..
0.652
0.567
0.635
0.576
0.620
0.648
0.608
..
..
..
..
0.623

0.683
0.717
..
0.706
0.742
0.778
0.679
0.753
..
0.713
0.743
0.714
0.723
0.674
0.715
0.717
0.710
0.685
..
0.704
0.665
0.673
0.653
0.679
0.699
0.683
0.672
..
0.640
..
0.705

0.786
0.783
0.795
0.784
0.780
0.774
0.766
0.780
0.782
0.773
0.767
0.761
0.769
0.756
0.743
0.772
0.757
0.778
0.756
0.750
0.743
0.757
0.738
0.738
0.746
0.737
0.735
0.739
0.741
0.737
0.743

81
81
83
84
85
85
85
88
89
90
90
90
93
94
94
96
97
97
99
100
101
101
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
110
112
113
114
115
116
116
116
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Ukraine
Algeria
Peru
Albania
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ecuador
Saint Lucia
China
Fiji
Mongolia
Thailand
Dominica
Libya
Tunisia
Colombia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Jamaica
Tonga
Belize
Dominican Republic
Suriname
Maldives
Samoa
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Botswana
Moldova (Republic of)
Egypt
Turkmenistan
Gabon
Indonesia
Paraguay
Palestine, State of
Uzbekistan
Philippines
El Salvador
South Africa
Viet Nam
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Kyrgyzstan
Iraq
Cabo Verde
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Guyana
Nicaragua
Morocco

..
0.705
0.574
0.613
0.624
0.632
..
0.645
..
0.501
0.631
0.578
0.572
..
0.679
0.567
0.596
..
0.671
0.650
0.644
0.596
..
..
0.621

..
0.668
0.640
0.677
0.656
0.648
..
0.674
0.683
0.588
0.678
0.589
0.648
0.694
0.731
0.654
0.654
0.674
0.700
0.671
0.683
0.655
..
0.603
0.649

0.738
0.732
0.725
0.718
0.722
0.721
0.710
0.717
0.730
0.699
0.717
0.695
0.716
0.723
0.756
0.714
0.706
0.711
0.727
0.713
0.709
0.701
0.707
0.683
0.696

0.584
0.652
0.546
..
0.620
0.531
0.579
..
..
0.586
0.522
0.621
0.475
0.536
0.615
0.572
..
..
0.542
0.495
0.457

0.561
0.597
0.622
..
0.632
0.606
0.623
..
0.594
0.623
0.603
0.632
0.575
0.603
0.593
0.606
0.572
0.603
0.602
0.565
0.528

0.681
0.672
0.681
0.666
0.663
0.665
0.668
0.670
0.655
0.654
0.653
0.643
0.653
0.641
0.634
0.645
0.629
0.638
0.624
0.619
0.611

126
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
134
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
143
145
145
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
156
158
159
160
161
162
163
163
163
166
167
168
169
170
171
172

Namibia
Guatemala
Tajikistan
India
Honduras
Bhutan
Timor-Leste
Syrian Arab Republic
Vanuatu
Congo
Kiribati
Equatorial Guinea
Zambia
Ghana
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Sao Tome and Principe
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Kenya
Nepal
Pakistan
Myanmar
Angola
Swaziland
Tanzania (United Republic of)
Nigeria
Cameroon
Madagascar
Zimbabwe
Mauritania
Solomon Islands
Papua New Guinea
Comoros
Yemen
Lesotho
Togo
Haiti
Rwanda
Uganda
Benin
Sudan
Djibouti
South Sudan
Senegal
Afghanistan
Cte d'Ivoire

0.578
0.483
0.616
0.428
0.507
..
..
0.553
..
0.534
..
..
0.403
0.456
0.397
0.386
0.364
0.455

0.556
0.552
0.535
0.496
0.557
..
0.468
0.586
..
0.489
..
0.526
0.433
0.485
0.462
0.468
0.419
0.491

0.610
0.611
0.608
0.586
0.610
0.573
0.600
0.639
0.589
0.554
0.588
0.591
0.555
0.554
0.539
0.546
0.536
0.544

0.473
0.384
0.399
0.352
..
0.536
0.369
..
0.443
..
0.499
0.373
..
0.353
..
0.400
0.493
0.404
0.417
0.244
0.308
0.344
0.331
..
..
0.367
0.297
0.389

0.447
0.451
0.444
0.425
0.390
0.496
0.392
..
0.437
0.456
0.428
0.442
0.446
0.424
..
0.441
0.443
0.426
0.442
0.333
0.393
0.392
0.400
0.365
..
0.380
0.334
0.398

0.529
0.531
0.522
0.520
0.509
0.525
0.500
0.493
0.486
0.504
0.461
0.488
0.494
0.493
0.488
0.496
0.472
0.459
0.471
0.453
0.473
0.468
0.465
0.453
0.470
0.456
0.448
0.444

173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188

Malawi
Ethiopia
Gambia
Congo (Democratic Republic of the)
Liberia
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Sierra Leone
Guinea
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Chad
Eritrea
Central African Republic
Niger
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of)
Marshall Islands
Monaco
Nauru
San Marino
Somalia
Tuvalu

0.284
..
0.330
0.355
..
..
0.233
0.218
0.262
..
..
0.295
..
..
0.314
0.214

0.340
0.284
0.384
0.329
0.359
..
0.313
0.300
0.299
0.323
..
0.301
0.332
..
0.310
0.257

0.420
0.412
0.441
0.408
0.405
0.413
0.409
0.401
0.388
0.388
0.378
0.390
0.371
0.381
0.362
0.326

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

Human development groups

Very high human development
High human development
Medium human development
Low human development

0.801
0.592
0.473
0.368

0.851
0.642
0.537
0.404

0.887
0.723
0.611
0.487

Developing countries

0.513

0.568

0.642

Regions
Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa

0.553
0.516
0.651
0.625
0.437
0.400

0.613
0.593
0.665
0.684
0.503
0.422

0.676
0.686
0.731
0.734
0.586
0.499

Least developed countries

Small island developing states

0.348
0.574

0.399
0.607

0.484
0.656

Organisation for Economic Co-operation a

0.785

0.834

0.872

World

0.597

0.641

0.697

Notes
a. A positive value indicates an improvement in rank.

Definitions
Human Development Index (HDI): A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dim
living. See Technical note 1 (http://hdr.undp.org/en) for details on how the HDI is calculated.
Average annual HDI growth: A smoothed annualized growth of the HDI in a given period, calculated as
Main data sources

Columns 17: HDRO calculations based on data from UNDESA (2015), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2
IMF (2015).
Column 8: Calculated based on data in column 6.
Column 9: Calculated based on HDI data from
HDRO and data in column 7.
Columns 1013: Calculated based on data in columns 1, 2, 3 and 7.

an Development Index (HDI)

HDI rank

Value

Change

2011

2012

2013

2014

2013

2009
2014

0.941
0.930
0.925
0.920
0.919
0.911
0.909
0.911
0.909
0.907
0.903
0.902
0.903
0.903
0.901
0.896
0.891
0.888
0.888
0.886
0.886
0.884
0.881
0.881
0.877
0.870
0.873
0.866
0.864
0.849
0.847
0.852
0.841
0.821

0.942
0.932
0.927
0.921
0.920
0.915
0.910
0.912
0.910
0.909
0.905
0.906
0.906
0.904
0.901
0.897
0.893
0.890
0.888
0.888
0.889
0.886
0.884
0.882
0.878
0.874
0.872
0.867
0.865
0.855
0.852
0.852
0.848
0.844

0.942
0.933
0.928
0.923
0.920
0.915
0.912
0.913
0.912
0.911
0.909
0.908
0.907
0.905
0.902
0.899
0.895
0.893
0.890
0.890
0.888
0.887
0.884
0.882
0.878
0.874
0.873
0.868
0.863
0.859
0.852
0.850
0.849
0.844

0.944
0.935
0.930
0.923
0.922
0.916
0.916
0.915
0.913
0.913
0.912
0.910
0.908
0.907
0.907
0.899
0.898
0.894
0.892
0.891
0.890
0.888
0.885
0.883
0.880
0.876
0.873
0.870
0.865
0.861
0.856
0.850
0.850
0.845

1
2
3
4
5
6
8
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
19
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

0
0
0
1
0
3
-2
-3
1
-1
11
2
-2
-1
-2
-1
0
1
-3
-3
-2
-1
1
-1
-1
2
-1
0
-2
3
1
-2
-1
..

Average annual HDI gr

(%)
a

1990
2000

2000
2010

0.77
0.36
0.67
0.76
0.56
0.66
1.12
0.28
0.22
0.64
1.33
0.55
..
0.96
1.13
0.69
1.16
0.80
0.88
0.51
0.81
0.85
0.53
0.90
0.73
0.90
0.79
0.76
0.51
0.73
0.46
0.87
0.71
..

0.25
0.33
0.40
0.53
0.36
0.58
0.54
0.28
0.41
0.35
0.92
0.85
..
0.04
0.46
0.38
0.77
0.38
0.41
0.31
0.10
0.38
0.50
0.25
0.61
0.47
0.47
0.50
0.81
0.71
0.29
0.59
0.42
..

0.832
0.833
0.831
0.822
0.816
0.818
0.829
0.821
0.825
0.823
0.817
0.812
0.814
0.812
0.798

0.836
0.838
0.833
0.830
0.826
0.831
0.831
0.827
0.827
0.823
0.819
0.813
0.817
0.815
0.798

0.839
0.840
0.837
0.837
0.836
0.833
0.833
0.830
0.828
0.825
0.821
0.816
0.817
0.816
0.801

0.844
0.843
0.839
0.839
0.837
0.836
0.835
0.832
0.830
0.828
0.824
0.819
0.818
0.816
0.802

36
35
37
37
39
40
40
42
43
44
45
47
46
47
49

3
1
-1
4
10
7
-6
2
0
-4
-6
-5
-1
-3
1

0.34
0.99
0.32
0.49
0.76
0.78
0.94
0.74
0.97
0.90
0.62
0.49
1.12
1.18
..

0.82
0.53
0.93
0.74
0.79
0.62
0.39
0.79
0.47
0.67
0.32
1.09
0.75
0.06
..

0.793
0.790
0.793
0.786
0.784
0.778
0.772
0.786
0.778
0.775
0.770
0.759
0.772
0.762
0.752
0.767
0.761
0.776
0.761
0.756
0.751
0.761
0.751
0.743
0.748
0.742
0.740
0.741
0.742
0.739
0.743

0.796
0.795
0.793
0.788
0.788
0.783
0.778
0.793
0.781
0.778
0.775
0.772
0.774
0.772
0.761
0.769
0.762
0.772
0.761
0.761
0.764
0.764
0.756
0.749
0.754
0.746
0.747
0.743
0.745
0.740
0.746

0.796
0.797
0.792
0.791
0.790
0.786
0.785
0.785
0.781
0.779
0.775
0.777
0.777
0.775
0.767
0.771
0.771
0.768
0.768
0.764
0.764
0.764
0.759
0.752
0.755
0.752
0.750
0.747
0.749
0.742
0.748

0.798
0.798
0.793
0.793
0.793
0.790
0.788
0.785
0.783
0.782
0.780
0.780
0.779
0.777
0.772
0.772
0.771
0.769
0.769
0.766
0.766
0.762
0.761
0.757
0.756
0.755
0.754
0.752
0.751
0.750
0.748

51
50
52
53
54
55
56
56
58
59
62
60
60
62
68
64
64
66
66
69
69
69
72
74
73
74
76
79
77
82
78

4
8
-4
-1
4
2
6
-3
-6
0
0
4
1
6
8
-4
-1
-14
1
1
7
-4
16
5
-2
3
4
..
-2
..
-8

..
-0.17
..
0.04
0.70
..
-0.15
0.50
..
0.26
..
0.85
1.21
0.86
..
0.63
-0.05
0.15
..
0.77
1.62
0.59
1.26
0.91
0.77
1.18
..
..
..
..
1.25

1.41
0.88
..
1.06
0.50
-0.06
1.20
0.36
..
0.81
0.31
0.64
0.62
1.15
0.39
0.74
0.65
1.28
..
0.64
1.11
1.17
1.23
0.85
0.65
0.76
0.89
..
1.46
..
0.53

0.742
0.738
0.730
0.722
0.728
0.723
0.724
0.723
0.730
0.707
0.720
0.706
0.721
0.723
0.711
0.715
0.713
0.713
0.727
0.716
0.711
0.704
0.709
0.690
0.698

0.743
0.743
0.732
0.728
0.729
0.728
0.726
0.727
0.730
0.718
0.722
0.714
0.723
0.723
0.745
0.719
0.715
0.715
0.723
0.717
0.716
0.708
0.711
0.695
0.700

0.744
0.746
0.734
0.732
0.732
0.731
0.729
0.730
0.729
0.723
0.724
0.722
0.724
0.723
0.738
0.720
0.718
0.717
0.717
0.716
0.715
0.711
0.713
0.703
0.701

0.747
0.747
0.736
0.734
0.733
0.733
0.733
0.732
0.729
0.727
0.727
0.727
0.726
0.724
0.724
0.721
0.720
0.720
0.719
0.717
0.715
0.715
0.714
0.706
0.702

81
80
84
85
85
87
89
88
89
93
91
95
91
93
83
96
97
98
98
100
101
103
102
104
105

-2
2
4
15
2
1
2
5
-5
13
1
14
3
-10
-27
-1
3
-5
-23
-4
-7
0
-5
2
-3

..
-0.54
1.09
1.00
0.50
0.24
..
0.45
..
1.62
0.72
0.18
1.25
..
0.75
1.43
0.93
..
0.42
0.32
0.59
0.95
..
..
0.45

..
0.92
1.26
0.58
0.96
1.08
..
0.61
0.66
1.74
0.56
1.68
1.00
0.41
0.34
0.88
0.76
0.55
0.38
0.60
0.38
0.68
..
1.25
0.70

0.688
0.679
0.682
0.671
0.668
0.671
0.671
0.675
0.661
0.653
0.658
0.651
0.657
0.647
0.639
0.648
0.637
0.640
0.630
0.623
0.621

0.691
0.683
0.688
0.677
0.673
0.678
0.669
0.685
0.668
0.657
0.662
0.659
0.660
0.654
0.645
0.654
0.639
0.641
0.629
0.625
0.623

0.696
0.690
0.689
0.682
0.679
0.681
0.677
0.679
0.672
0.664
0.664
0.663
0.663
0.658
0.652
0.657
0.643
0.639
0.634
0.628
0.626

0.698
0.693
0.690
0.688
0.684
0.684
0.679
0.677
0.675
0.668
0.666
0.666
0.666
0.662
0.655
0.654
0.646
0.640
0.636
0.631
0.628

106
107
108
109
111
110
113
111
114
115
115
117
117
119
121
120
122
123
124
125
126

1
2
-3
..
1
3
-1
-4
0
-1
0
4
1
2
3
-2
2
-2
1
1
5

-0.41
-0.87
1.31
..
0.20
1.34
0.74
..
..
0.61
1.46
0.17
1.92
1.19
-0.37
0.58
..
..
1.05
1.34
1.44

1.96
1.19
0.90
..
0.48
0.92
0.70
..
0.98
0.50
0.79
0.18
1.29
0.61
0.68
0.62
0.96
0.56
0.36
0.91
1.48

0.616
0.617
0.612
0.597
0.612
0.582
0.611
0.635
0.590
0.560
0.585
0.590
0.565
0.566
0.552
0.559
0.541
0.548

0.620
0.624
0.617
0.600
0.607
0.589
0.604
0.623
0.590
0.575
0.587
0.584
0.576
0.572
0.562
0.563
0.546
0.552

0.625
0.626
0.621
0.604
0.604
0.595
0.601
0.608
0.592
0.582
0.588
0.584
0.580
0.577
0.570
0.567
0.550
0.553

0.628
0.627
0.624
0.609
0.606
0.605
0.595
0.594
0.594
0.591
0.590
0.587
0.586
0.579
0.575
0.570
0.555
0.555

128
126
129
131
131
134
133
130
135
138
136
137
139
140
141
142
144
143

3
0
1
6
-4
..
1
-15
1
2
-1
-5
1
-2
2
0
1
-2

-0.39
1.35
-1.39
1.49
0.95
..
..
0.58
..
-0.87
..
..
0.71
0.63
1.51
1.94
1.40
0.76

0.94
1.03
1.28
1.67
0.91
..
2.51
0.88
..
1.25
..
1.18
2.52
1.33
1.56
1.57
2.50
1.02

0.535
0.536
0.527
0.524
0.521
0.528
0.506
0.499
0.496
0.505
0.474
0.489
0.501
0.497
0.493
0.495
0.480
0.468
0.475
0.464
0.473
0.473
0.466
0.462
0.458
0.458
0.456
0.445

0.539
0.540
0.532
0.528
0.524
0.529
0.510
0.505
0.501
0.507
0.491
0.498
0.504
0.501
0.499
0.496
0.484
0.470
0.479
0.476
0.476
0.475
0.476
0.465
0.457
0.461
0.463
0.452

0.544
0.543
0.536
0.531
0.530
0.530
0.516
0.510
0.507
0.508
0.501
0.504
0.505
0.503
0.501
0.498
0.494
0.473
0.481
0.479
0.478
0.477
0.477
0.468
0.461
0.463
0.464
0.458

0.548
0.548
0.538
0.536
0.532
0.531
0.521
0.514
0.512
0.510
0.509
0.506
0.506
0.505
0.503
0.498
0.497
0.484
0.483
0.483
0.483
0.480
0.479
0.470
0.467
0.466
0.465
0.462

145
146
147
148
149
149
151
152
154
153
158
156
155
157
158
160
161
167
162
163
164
165
165
168
171
170
169
172

0
3
0
1
1
-5
2
2
6
-4
12
1
-2
-2
-1
-8
1
3
-3
5
-2
-2
-5
0
..
-3
0
0

-0.58
1.62
1.07
1.90
..
-0.78
0.60
..
-0.13
..
-1.53
1.71
..
1.87
..
0.99
-1.05
0.52
0.58
3.16
2.47
1.33
1.90
..
..
0.36
1.20
0.23

1.70
1.64
1.62
2.03
2.70
0.57
2.46
..
1.07
1.02
0.75
0.98
1.02
1.51
..
1.19
0.62
0.76
0.62
3.13
1.86
1.78
1.52
2.17
..
1.83
2.97
1.12

0.429
0.423
0.437
0.418
0.414
0.417
0.415
0.405
0.394
0.399
0.385
0.392
0.382
0.386
0.368
0.333

0.433
0.429
0.440
0.423
0.419
0.417
0.414
0.408
0.397
0.409
0.393
0.395
0.386
0.390
0.373
0.342

0.439
0.436
0.442
0.430
0.424
0.418
0.416
0.413
0.408
0.411
0.396
0.397
0.388
0.390
0.348
0.345

0.445
0.442
0.441
0.433
0.430
0.420
0.419
0.416
0.413
0.411
0.402
0.400
0.392
0.391
0.350
0.348

174
175
173
176
177
178
179
180
182
181
184
183
186
185
187
188

2
2
-2
3
1
-4
-3
0
0
1
2
0
1
-5
0
0

1.83
..
1.55
-0.77
..
..
2.97
3.25
1.32
..
..
0.20
..
..
-0.14
1.85

2.14
3.78
1.38
2.18
1.20
..
2.73
2.96
2.63
1.83
..
2.62
1.12
..
1.58
2.40

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0.890
0.730
0.619
0.492

0.893
0.737
0.623
0.497

0.895
0.741
0.627
0.502

0.896
0.744
0.630
0.505

0.61
0.81
1.28
0.92

0.42
1.20
1.29
1.90

0.649

0.654

0.658

0.660

1.02

1.23

0.679
0.693
0.739
0.738
0.596
0.505

0.684
0.702
0.743
0.743
0.599
0.510

0.686
0.707
0.746
0.745
0.603
0.514

0.686
0.710
0.748
0.748
0.607
0.518

1.02
1.39
0.22
0.91
1.42
0.54

0.99
1.48
0.94
0.70
1.55
1.68

0.491
0.658

0.495
0.658

0.499
0.658

0.502
0.660

1.39
0.56

1.95
0.79

0.875

0.877

0.879

0.880

0.61

0.44

0.703

0.707

0.709

0.711

0.71

0.85

e achievement in three basic dimensions of human developmenta long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of
HDI is calculated.
n a given period, calculated as the annual compound growth rate.

NESCO Institute for Statistics (2015), United Nations Statistics Division (2015), World Bank (2015a), Barro and Lee (2014) and

age annual HDI growth

(%)
2010
2014

1990
2014

0.11
0.20
0.14
0.41
0.34
0.26
0.21
0.18
0.28
0.24
0.41
0.32
0.14
0.16
0.02
0.20
0.33
0.31
0.16
0.18
0.21
0.20
0.17
0.13
0.13
0.27
0.13
0.21
-0.04
0.69
0.37
0.04
0.18
0.66

0.44
0.32
0.47
0.61
0.44
0.56
0.72
0.26
0.31
0.45
1.00
0.64
..
0.45
0.67
0.48
0.86
0.54
0.56
0.37
0.41
0.55
0.46
0.50
0.58
0.62
0.55
0.56
0.55
0.71
0.38
0.62
0.50
..

0.48
0.41
0.38
0.45
1.00
0.75
0.21
0.56
0.33
0.21
0.14
0.25
0.32
0.23
0.32

0.56
0.70
0.58
0.59
0.81
0.71
0.59
0.73
0.65
0.69
0.41
0.70
0.83
0.55
..

0.39
0.47
-0.06
0.26
0.40
0.51
0.73
0.18
0.03
0.29
0.44
0.61
0.32
0.68
0.97
0.01
0.45
-0.28
0.43
0.52
0.74
0.18
0.79
0.62
0.35
0.60
0.65
0.44
0.35
0.43
0.17

..
0.38
..
0.50
0.57
..
0.56
0.39
..
0.49
..
0.72
0.82
0.95
..
0.57
0.32
0.54
..
0.67
1.26
0.76
1.17
0.83
0.65
0.91
..
..
..
..
0.77

0.31
0.51
0.35
0.57
0.35
0.41
0.78
0.52
-0.02
1.02
0.36
1.11
0.35
0.03
-1.07
0.26
0.50
0.30
-0.30
0.14
0.19
0.50
0.24
0.86
0.21

..
0.24
1.04
0.75
0.67
0.62
..
0.53
..
1.57
0.59
0.96
1.00
..
0.27
1.00
0.79
..
0.28
0.41
0.43
0.76
..
..
0.52

0.61
0.78
0.33
0.80
0.76
0.71
0.41
0.29
0.77
0.52
0.50
0.87
0.47
0.79
0.84
0.34
0.66
0.06
0.47
0.51
0.69

0.74
0.26
0.98
..
0.41
1.06
0.67
..
..
0.55
1.02
0.29
1.41
0.88
0.26
0.56
..
..
0.66
1.02
1.33

0.70
0.65
0.68
0.97
-0.16
1.39
-0.22
-1.82
0.19
1.61
0.09
-0.18
1.36
1.13
1.62
1.07
0.87
0.52

0.35
1.10
0.06
1.48
0.75
..
..
0.30
..
0.42
..
..
1.57
1.00
1.55
1.64
1.77
0.83

0.92
0.78
0.79
0.72
1.11
0.28
1.05
1.06
1.32
0.27
2.50
0.92
0.57
0.60
0.75
0.08
1.30
1.29
0.67
1.61
0.51
0.64
0.74
0.97
-0.15
0.55
0.97
0.98

0.62
1.49
1.25
1.76
..
-0.04
1.44
..
0.61
..
0.08
1.28
..
1.51
..
0.92
0.03
0.75
0.61
2.89
1.89
1.40
1.55
..
..
1.00
1.89
0.72

1.49
1.78
-0.02
1.52
1.50
0.42
0.61
0.94
1.59
1.50
1.58
0.66
1.37
0.62
-0.84
1.69

1.90
..
1.22
0.83
..
..
2.47
2.74
1.91
..
..
1.28
..
..
0.45
2.05

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0.26
0.71
0.78
0.92

0.47
0.95
1.20
1.32

0.70

1.06

0.38
0.87
0.59
0.47
0.86
0.94

0.90
1.34
0.58
0.75
1.38
1.08

0.92
0.13

1.54
0.59

0.24

0.48

0.47

0.73

d a decent standard of

rro and Lee (2014) and

Table 3: Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index

Human
Development
Index (HDI)

1
2
3
4
5
6
6
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
32
34
35
36
37
37
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
50
52
52
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
60
62
63
64
64
66
67
67
69
69
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
81
83
84
85
85
85
88

Country
VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Norway
Australia
Switzerland
Denmark
Netherlands
Germany
Ireland
United States
Canada
New Zealand
Singapore
Hong Kong, China (SAR)
Liechtenstein
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Korea (Republic of)
Israel
Luxembourg
Japan
Belgium
France
Austria
Finland
Slovenia
Spain
Italy
Czech Republic
Greece
Estonia
Brunei Darussalam
Cyprus
Qatar
Andorra
Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Malta
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
United Arab Emirates
Chile
Portugal
Hungary
Bahrain
Latvia
Croatia
Kuwait
Montenegro
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Belarus
Russian Federation
Oman
Romania
Uruguay
Bahamas
Kazakhstan
Barbados
Antigua and Barbuda
Bulgaria
Palau
Panama
Malaysia
Mauritius
Seychelles
Trinidad and Tobago
Serbia
Cuba
Lebanon
Costa Rica
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Turkey
Sri Lanka
Mexico
Brazil
Georgia
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Azerbaijan
Grenada
Jordan
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Ukraine
Algeria
Peru
Albania
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ecuador

Coefficient of
human
inequality

Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)

Inequality in life
expectancy

Inequalityadjusted life
expectancy
index

Inequality in
education

(%)

Value

(%)

Inequalityadjusted
education index

Inequality in
income

Value

(%)

Value

Value

Overall loss (%)

Difference from
HDI rank

2014

2014

2014

2014

2014

20102015

2014

2014

2014

2014

0.944
0.935
0.930
0.923
0.922
0.916
0.916
0.915
0.913
0.913
0.912
0.910
0.908
0.907
0.907
0.899
0.898
0.894
0.892
0.891
0.890
0.888
0.885
0.883
0.880
0.876
0.873
0.870
0.865
0.861
0.856
0.850
0.850
0.845
0.844
0.843
0.839
0.839
0.837
0.836
0.835
0.832
0.830
0.828
0.824
0.819
0.818
0.816
0.802

0.893
0.858
0.861
0.856
0.861
0.853
0.836
0.760
0.832
..
..
..
..
0.846
0.829
0.846
0.751
0.775
0.822
0.780
0.820
0.811
0.816
0.834
0.829
0.775
0.773
0.823
0.758
0.782
..
0.758
..
..
0.791
0.760
0.754
0.767
..
0.711
..
0.672
0.744
0.769
..
0.730
0.743
..
0.728

5.4
8.2
7.4
7.3
6.6
6.9
8.6
17.0
8.8
..
..
..
..
6.7
8.6
5.9
16.4
13.4
7.9
12.4
7.9
8.7
7.8
5.5
5.9
11.5
11.5
5.4
12.4
9.2
..
10.7
..
..
6.2
9.8
10.1
8.5
..
15.0
..
19.3
10.4
7.2
..
10.8
9.1
..
9.2

0
-2
0
-1
3
0
-3
-20
-2
..
..
..
..
3
-2
4
-19
-9
0
-5
1
0
2
10
8
0
-1
10
-5
6
..
-2
..
..
9
2
-1
4
..
-8
..
-13
1
10
..
0
3
..
1

5.3
7.9
7.3
7.1
6.5
6.7
8.5
15.7
8.6
..
..
..
..
6.5
8.4
5.8
15.9
12.9
7.7
12.2
7.9
8.6
7.6
5.5
5.8
11.0
11.3
5.3
12.1
8.9
..
10.6
..
..
6.2
9.6
10.0
8.5
..
14.5
..
18.2
10.1
7.1
..
10.5
8.9
..
9.2

3.4
4.2
3.9
4.0
3.9
3.7
3.7
6.2
4.6
4.8
2.8
2.8
..
3.1
4.5
2.8
3.9
3.8
3.3
3.2
3.9
4.0
3.7
3.5
3.8
3.9
3.4
3.7
4.0
5.6
4.4
3.7
6.0
..
5.6
5.7
6.6
4.8
8.7
9.3
5.5
5.9
3.9
5.4
6.3
7.6
5.2
7.2
7.6

0.916
0.920
0.931
0.889
0.911
0.902
0.902
0.853
0.910
0.905
0.942
0.957
..
0.927
0.892
0.936
0.915
0.923
0.918
0.945
0.899
0.919
0.909
0.902
0.894
0.926
0.938
0.868
0.899
0.825
0.865
0.892
0.841
..
0.818
0.833
0.766
0.888
0.762
0.786
0.829
0.893
0.900
0.803
0.816
0.771
0.836
0.776
0.799

2.3
1.9
5.7
3.0
4.1
2.4
5.4
5.3
3.9
..
..
..
..
3.5
2.8
2.4
25.5
9.9
6.0
19.8
8.1
8.0
3.5
2.1
2.6
5.2
10.6
1.4
11.6
2.4
..
13.1
..
..
1.5
5.6
5.9
7.3
..
8.1
..
12.6
5.9
3.2
..
3.5
4.3
..
7.4

0.886
0.914
0.816
0.897
0.858
0.871
0.858
0.842
0.841
..
..
..
..
0.813
0.860
0.832
0.644
0.776
0.729
0.649
0.762
0.751
0.771
0.800
0.840
0.759
0.700
0.854
0.735
0.853
..
0.673
..
..
0.813
0.778
0.817
0.690
..
0.759
..
0.655
0.685
0.789
..
0.778
0.745
..
0.735

10.2
17.7
12.3
14.4
11.6
14.1
16.3
35.6
17.4
..
..
..
..
13.1
17.8
12.2
18.4
25.0
13.9
13.5
11.6
13.9
15.5
10.8
11.0
23.9
19.8
11.0
20.6
18.6
..
15.0
..
..
11.3
17.5
17.5
13.3
..
26.3
..
36.0
20.3
12.6
..
20.5
17.2
..
12.6

0.798
0.798
0.793
0.793
0.793
0.790
0.788
0.785
0.783
0.782
0.780
0.780
0.779
0.777
0.772
0.772
0.771
0.769
0.769
0.766
0.766
0.762
0.761
0.757
0.756
0.755
0.754
0.752
0.751
0.750
0.748
0.747
0.747
0.736
0.734
0.733
0.733
0.733
0.732

0.741
0.714
..
0.711
0.678
..
0.694
..
..
0.699
..
0.604
..
0.666
..
0.654
0.693
..
0.609
0.613
0.509
0.612
0.641
0.669
0.587
0.557
0.652
..
0.652
..
0.625
0.622
0.689
..
0.563
0.634
0.658
0.635
0.570

7.1
10.5
..
10.3
14.5
..
11.9
..
..
10.5
..
22.5
..
14.2
..
15.2
10.1
..
20.8
19.9
33.6
19.7
15.8
11.6
22.4
26.3
13.6
..
13.2
..
16.5
16.7
7.8
..
23.4
13.5
10.2
13.3
22.1

4
1
..
2
-4
..
1
..
..
3
..
-20
..
-2
..
-3
5
..
-15
-11
-41
-11
0
7
-12
-20
5
..
7
..
2
2
16
..
-10
8
14
9
-4

7.1
10.3
..
10.2
14.2
..
11.8
..
..
10.4
..
21.7
..
14.1
..
15.0
10.1
..
20.2
19.1
32.1
19.4
15.7
11.6
21.8
25.6
13.2
..
12.9
..
16.4
16.1
7.7
..
23.0
13.4
10.1
13.1
21.8

6.8
9.8
7.0
8.8
9.2
9.4
16.7
8.1
8.0
7.9
..
12.1
4.9
9.2
7.9
16.4
8.5
5.1
6.7
7.3
12.5
12.2
11.0
8.3
10.9
14.5
12.9
..
21.7
8.4
11.9
7.6
10.4
16.7
13.9
9.9
12.7
6.7
13.4

0.736
0.695
0.813
0.768
0.799
0.772
0.633
0.786
0.794
0.768
..
0.779
0.800
0.760
0.752
0.648
0.773
0.867
0.852
0.847
0.746
0.732
0.757
0.774
0.778
0.717
0.736
..
0.612
0.753
0.732
0.788
0.703
0.702
0.723
0.801
0.735
0.811
0.745

3.7
2.3
..
4.7
9.2
..
5.9
5.5
..
5.5
12.0
16.6
..
13.2
..
6.6
8.1
11.3
24.1
15.5
37.3
17.6
14.2
12.8
19.7
23.6
3.3
..
8.3
..
16.9
10.6
3.6
..
23.3
11.9
3.7
12.5
21.1

0.804
0.788
..
0.719
0.647
..
0.751
0.734
..
0.710
0.696
0.567
..
0.623
..
0.659
0.688
0.681
0.491
0.561
0.433
0.570
0.563
0.646
0.518
0.518
0.761
..
0.645
..
0.586
0.608
0.770
..
0.509
0.561
0.679
0.573
0.510

10.8
18.7
..
17.1
24.2
..
12.7
..
..
17.8
23.0
36.5
..
19.8
..
21.9
13.5
..
30.0
34.3
46.6
28.4
21.8
13.7
34.6
38.7
23.4
..
8.9
..
20.5
30.1
9.2
..
31.9
18.3
13.9
20.2
30.9

Inequalityadjusted income
index

Income inequality

Value

Quintile ratio

Palma ratio

2014

20052013

0.878
0.752
0.839
0.787
0.817
0.790
0.756
0.610
0.754
..
..
..
..
0.804
0.742
0.777
0.718
0.649
0.829
0.773
0.804
0.772
0.777
0.803
0.757
0.663
0.702
0.751
0.660
0.680
..
0.727
..
..
0.744
0.678
0.686
0.737
..
0.601
..
0.519
0.668
0.717
..
0.649
0.659
..
0.658

4.0
5.8
5.2
4.0
4.5
4.7
5.3
9.8
5.8
..
..
..
..
3.7
7.6
3.8
..
10.3
..
5.4
5.0
5.1
4.6
4.0
3.6
7.6
6.9
3.9
6.4
5.6
..
..
..
..
4.1
5.2
5.7
..
..
10.6
..
12.6
..
4.5
..
6.9
5.3
..
4.7

0.9
1.3
1.2
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
2.0
1.3
..
..
..
..
0.9
1.7
0.9
..
2.2
..
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.8
1.4
1.4
0.9
1.4
1.2
..
..
..
..
0.9
1.3
1.2
..
..
2.3
..
3.3
..
1.0
..
1.5
1.4
..
1.1

26.8
34.0
32.4
26.9
28.9
30.6
32.1
41.1
33.7
..
..
..
..
26.1
38.0
26.3
..
42.8
..
32.1
33.1
31.7
30.0
27.8
24.9
35.8
35.5
26.4
34.7
32.7
..
..
..
..
26.6
32.8
32.6
..
..
43.6
..
50.8
..
28.9
..
36.0
33.6
..
30.6

0.690
0.664
..
0.651
0.602
..
0.704
..
..
0.627
0.570
0.499
..
0.625
..
0.656
0.627
..
0.540
0.486
0.407
0.550
0.618
0.597
0.501
0.465
0.494
..
0.702
..
0.568
0.504
0.604
..
0.484
0.567
0.572
0.551
0.487

3.8
7.3
..
4.1
9.0
..
4.0
..
..
6.4
..
17.6
11.3
5.9
18.8
..
4.6
..
..
12.8
7.0
11.7
8.0
5.8
11.1
16.9
8.9
..
5.1
..
5.1
9.3
3.4
..
11.9
4.3
4.5
5.4
12.0

0.9
1.8
..
0.9
2.0
..
1.0
..
..
1.4
..
3.6
2.6
1.5
6.4
..
1.1
..
..
2.9
1.7
2.4
1.9
1.6
2.8
3.8
2.0
..
1.3
..
1.4
2.3
0.9
..
2.5
1.0
1.1
1.3
2.7

26.5
39.7
..
27.3
41.3
..
28.6
..
..
34.3
..
51.9
46.2
35.9
65.8
..
29.7
..
..
48.6
38.3
44.8
40.0
36.4
48.1
52.7
41.4
..
33.0
..
33.7
44.2
24.8
..
45.3
29.0
30.3
33.0
46.6

20052013

Gini coefficient

20052013

89
90
90
90
93
94
94
96
97
97
99
100
101
101
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
110
112
113
114
115
116
116
116
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
126
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
134
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
143
145
145
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
156
158
159
160
161
162
163
163
163
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188

Saint Lucia
China
Fiji
Mongolia
Thailand
Dominica
Libya
Tunisia
Colombia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Jamaica
Tonga
Belize
Dominican Republic
Suriname
Maldives
Samoa
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Botswana
Moldova (Republic of)
Egypt
Turkmenistan
Gabon
Indonesia
Paraguay
Palestine, State of
Uzbekistan
Philippines
El Salvador
South Africa
Viet Nam
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Kyrgyzstan
Iraq
Cabo Verde
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Guyana
Nicaragua
Morocco
Namibia
Guatemala
Tajikistan
India
Honduras
Bhutan
Timor-Leste
Syrian Arab Republic
Vanuatu
Congo
Kiribati
Equatorial Guinea
Zambia
Ghana
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Sao Tome and Principe
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Kenya
Nepal
Pakistan
Myanmar
Angola
Swaziland
Tanzania (United Republic of)
Nigeria
Cameroon
Madagascar
Zimbabwe
Mauritania
Solomon Islands
Papua New Guinea
Comoros
Yemen
Lesotho
Togo
Haiti
Rwanda
Uganda
Benin
Sudan
Djibouti
South Sudan
Senegal
Afghanistan
Cte d'Ivoire
Malawi
Ethiopia
Gambia
Congo (Democratic Republic of the)
Liberia
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Sierra Leone
Guinea
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Chad
Eritrea
Central African Republic
Niger
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of)
Marshall Islands
Monaco

0.729
0.727
0.727
0.727
0.726
0.724
0.724
0.721
0.720
0.720
0.719
0.717
0.715
0.715
0.714
0.706
0.702

0.613
..
0.616
0.633
0.576
..
..
0.562
0.542
..
0.593
..
0.553
0.546
0.543
0.531
..

15.9
..
15.3
12.9
20.6
..
..
22.0
24.7
..
17.5
..
22.6
23.6
24.0
24.9
..

5
..
8
12
1
..
..
-2
-10
..
7
..
-3
-6
-5
-6
..

15.5
..
15.1
12.8
19.9
..
..
21.4
24.1
..
16.9
..
21.7
23.4
23.3
23.8
..

9.9
9.8
12.3
16.6
9.8
..
10.1
10.6
13.5
13.0
15.0
13.7
11.4
16.9
13.6
8.1
13.3

0.764
0.774
0.675
0.634
0.755
..
0.714
0.753
0.718
0.708
0.729
0.701
0.682
0.684
0.680
0.803
0.713

9.2
..
10.5
9.4
16.1
..
..
34.6
21.3
..
5.6
..
15.9
22.9
19.0
40.0
..

0.600
..
0.686
0.647
0.519
..
..
0.415
0.489
..
0.628
..
0.611
0.474
0.492
0.333
..

27.4
29.5
22.6
12.3
34.0
..
..
18.9
37.4
..
30.1
..
37.9
30.3
37.3
23.2
..

0.502
0.514
0.505
0.619
0.488
..
..
0.569
0.453
..
0.454
..
0.406
0.503
0.478
0.559
..

..
10.1
8.0
6.2
6.9
..
..
6.4
17.5
..
9.6
..
..
10.3
..
6.8
..

..
2.1
2.2
1.6
1.8
..
..
1.5
4.0
..
2.5
..
..
2.5
..
1.6
..

..
37.0
42.8
36.5
39.4
..
..
35.8
53.5
..
45.5
..
..
45.7
..
37.4
..

0.698
0.693
0.690
0.688
0.684
0.684
0.679
0.677
0.675
0.668
0.666
0.666
0.666
0.662
0.655
0.654
0.646
0.640
0.636
0.631
0.628
0.628
0.627
0.624
0.609
0.606
0.605
0.595
0.594
0.594
0.591
0.590
0.587
0.586
0.579
0.575
0.570
0.555
0.555

0.431
0.618
0.524
..
0.519
0.559
0.529
0.577
0.569
0.547
0.488
0.428
0.549
0.472
0.560
0.512
0.519
..
0.520
0.480
0.441
0.354
0.443
0.515
0.435
0.412
0.425
0.412
0.468
0.492
0.434
0.405
..
0.384
0.387
0.428
0.403
0.418
0.418

38.2
10.8
24.0
..
24.0
18.2
22.1
14.9
15.8
18.1
26.7
35.7
17.5
28.7
14.5
21.8
19.7
..
18.3
24.0
29.7
43.6
29.4
17.5
28.6
32.1
29.8
30.7
21.2
17.2
26.6
31.5
..
34.4
33.1
25.6
29.4
24.7
24.7

-23
20
-5
..
-6
6
-1
16
14
7
-6
-15
9
-5
17
2
5
..
8
1
-2
-25
1
10
1
-7
-2
-4
8
12
6
-2
..
-6
-3
7
1
7
6

36.5
10.8
22.8
..
24.0
18.2
21.8
14.8
15.3
17.8
26.2
33.0
17.4
28.4
14.2
21.5
19.4
..
18.1
23.6
28.5
39.3
28.9
17.0
27.7
30.7
28.9
29.4
20.8
17.2
26.2
30.1
..
33.9
33.1
25.3
29.0
24.6
24.7

21.9
11.0
13.4
26.0
28.0
16.4
19.2
13.1
24.3
15.2
14.5
25.7
12.1
24.5
20.0
17.6
12.0
19.8
19.2
13.2
16.8
21.7
17.4
29.3
25.0
17.0
22.2
22.8
12.6
15.4
36.0
20.6
44.4
37.2
30.8
21.5
20.1
25.3
26.9

0.535
0.707
0.681
0.519
0.492
0.629
0.657
0.707
0.563
0.629
0.697
0.427
0.755
0.561
0.623
0.626
0.722
0.606
0.577
0.733
0.692
0.539
0.658
0.537
0.554
0.678
0.593
0.572
0.667
0.675
0.417
0.562
0.322
0.387
0.441
0.558
0.634
0.557
0.523

32.1
7.3
40.9
..
23.5
20.8
16.2
16.5
1.4
11.6
30.2
16.1
18.0
24.7
5.0
30.6
18.2
..
10.5
29.5
45.8
27.8
36.2
6.5
42.1
26.4
44.8
47.6
31.5
17.5
21.5
21.4
..
21.7
36.7
34.1
38.6
28.3
21.4

0.437
0.651
0.351
..
0.465
0.486
0.492
0.549
0.672
0.539
0.389
0.594
0.474
0.480
0.665
0.342
0.433
..
0.511
0.366
0.253
0.377
0.308
0.615
0.292
0.361
0.249
0.247
0.376
0.430
0.402
0.474
..
0.466
0.350
0.304
0.274
0.321
0.368

55.5
14.0
14.2
..
20.4
17.3
30.1
15.0
20.1
26.8
34.0
57.3
22.0
36.1
17.7
16.1
28.0
..
24.4
28.3
23.0
68.3
33.1
15.0
16.1
48.6
19.6
17.8
18.3
18.5
21.2
48.4
..
42.6
31.7
20.3
28.3
20.3
25.8

0.344
0.514
0.604
..
0.613
0.573
0.458
0.494
0.485
0.483
0.428
0.310
0.463
0.391
0.424
0.626
0.447
..
0.477
0.411
0.492
0.217
0.429
0.414
0.508
0.285
0.519
0.494
0.408
0.410
0.488
0.249
..
0.314
0.377
0.463
0.375
0.407
0.378

22.9
4.6
4.4
..
8.3
5.7
13.0
5.5
5.8
8.4
8.4
28.5
6.1
15.2
5.4
4.4
8.7
40.2
..
11.0
7.3
19.6
14.8
4.7
5.0
23.5
6.8
4.4
5.7
..
8.2
..
..
17.4
9.3
5.8
4.7
4.6
5.6

5.8
1.1
1.2
..
2.1
1.5
2.9
1.4
1.5
2.2
2.0
8.0
1.5
2.7
1.3
1.1
2.3
7.0
..
2.5
2.0
5.8
3.6
1.1
1.4
5.0
1.8
1.2
1.5
..
1.9
..
..
4.8
2.2
1.6
1.3
1.3
1.3

60.5
30.6
30.8
..
42.2
38.1
48.0
34.5
35.2
43.0
41.8
65.0
35.6
46.6
33.4
29.5
43.8
61.1
..
45.7
40.9
61.3
52.4
30.8
33.6
57.4
38.7
30.4
35.8
..
40.2
..
..
57.5
42.8
36.2
32.1
31.8
33.9

0.548
0.548
0.538
0.536
0.532
0.531
0.521
0.514
0.512
0.510
0.509
0.506
0.506
0.505
0.503
0.498
0.497
0.484
0.483
0.483
0.483
0.480
0.479
0.470
0.467
0.466
0.465
0.462
0.445
0.442
0.441
0.433
0.430
0.420
0.419
0.416
0.413
0.411
0.402
0.400
0.392
0.391
0.350
0.348

0.377
0.401
0.377
..
0.335
0.354
0.379
0.320
0.344
0.372
0.371
0.337
0.385
..
0.268
0.329
0.320
0.322
0.296
0.330
0.337
0.300
..
0.308
..
0.305
0.319
0.287
0.299
0.312
..
0.276
0.280
0.254
0.270
0.273
0.241
0.261
0.261
0.269
0.236
..
0.198
0.246

31.3
26.8
29.9
..
37.0
33.3
27.3
37.8
32.8
27.0
27.0
33.4
23.8
..
46.7
34.0
35.6
33.4
38.8
31.6
30.2
37.4
..
34.6
..
34.4
31.4
38.0
32.9
29.4
..
36.2
34.8
39.6
35.7
34.3
41.7
36.5
35.0
32.6
39.9
..
43.5
29.2

-3
3
0
..
-8
-2
4
-9
-1
4
4
1
11
..
-18
0
-2
1
-7
4
6
-2
..
1
..
1
5
-1
2
7
..
0
2
-5
1
3
-4
0
2
5
-1
..
-1
3

31.1
25.9
28.6
..
36.6
33.1
27.2
37.5
32.4
26.8
26.7
32.9
23.8
..
46.0
33.0
34.9
33.1
38.2
31.6
30.2
37.1
..
33.7
..
34.0
30.0
37.6
32.6
28.0
..
35.3
34.1
39.4
34.5
34.1
40.0
35.2
34.6
31.5
39.6
..
43.1
28.4

31.5
21.1
29.9
27.1
46.2
35.0
30.4
40.8
39.4
24.8
26.8
36.6
22.3
26.5
34.2
30.3
33.5
36.8
27.9
30.2
33.8
37.0
32.8
32.5
40.8
29.5
34.3
40.2
40.0
30.2
34.8
49.9
33.1
45.3
45.6
40.2
51.2
40.3
41.1
43.6
46.1
24.7
45.7
37.9

0.439
0.602
0.498
0.515
0.267
0.290
0.482
0.299
0.331
0.522
0.422
0.420
0.573
0.481
0.438
0.469
0.305
0.386
0.475
0.475
0.392
0.384
0.450
0.436
0.325
0.504
0.408
0.290
0.395
0.474
0.403
0.298
0.421
0.296
0.318
0.323
0.232
0.356
0.351
0.318
0.262
0.506
0.256
0.396

26.0
41.4
44.4
19.4
34.6
26.8
28.5
43.3
34.8
35.0
17.4
40.8
22.8
11.5
47.6
48.1
24.3
38.9
38.3
29.4
29.4
44.8
42.7
47.0
39.6
44.7
44.8
45.1
30.2
44.3
..
27.7
46.4
40.3
41.6
33.8
49.6
48.3
38.6
36.9
41.9
..
34.5
35.0

0.380
0.266
0.208
0.303
0.310
0.404
0.304
0.254
0.318
0.318
0.449
0.214
0.328
0.360
0.248
0.177
0.383
0.299
0.249
0.289
0.319
0.230
0.171
0.162
0.235
0.168
0.202
0.214
0.308
0.176
..
0.341
0.215
0.206
0.176
0.242
0.171
0.167
0.161
0.234
0.157
..
0.224
0.129

36.0
15.1
11.6
..
28.9
37.6
22.7
28.4
23.1
20.4
35.8
21.2
26.3
..
56.0
20.6
47.0
23.5
48.4
35.2
27.3
29.4
..
21.7
..
27.7
10.8
27.4
27.7
9.5
26.9
28.2
22.7
32.5
16.1
28.4
19.2
17.1
24.2
14.1
30.7
..
49.2
12.3

0.321
0.403
0.519
..
0.453
0.379
0.372
0.430
0.387
0.311
0.270
0.425
0.304
..
0.178
0.427
0.280
0.290
0.219
0.262
0.305
0.306
..
0.413
..
0.337
0.396
0.379
0.220
0.363
0.299
0.208
0.243
0.267
0.350
0.262
0.351
0.300
0.317
0.263
0.318
..
0.135
0.292

11.0
5.0
4.1
..
9.0
14.0
6.2
9.1
7.5
7.4
..
7.8
..
..
26.7
5.6
20.4
10.7
26.6
11.0
8.8
8.2
6.2
7.7
..
7.8
4.0
9.4
9.7
5.3
11.0
9.3
7.0
5.9
5.2
9.8
5.6
5.5
7.0
4.8
10.0
..
18.0
4.5

2.8
1.3
1.1
..
2.2
3.5
1.7
2.2
1.9
1.9
..
1.9
..
..
7.0
1.5
4.3
2.6
5.5
3.2
2.4
2.2
1.4
1.9
..
1.9
1.0
2.2
2.6
1.4
2.8
2.4
1.7
1.5
1.3
2.5
1.5
1.3
1.9
1.3
2.2
..
4.5
1.2

47.7
32.8
29.6
..
42.7
51.5
37.8
43.0
40.7
40.6
..
40.5
..
..
64.3
35.9
54.2
46.0
59.2
50.8
44.6
43.5
35.3
40.0
..
40.3
27.8
43.2
46.2
33.6
47.3
44.4
38.2
35.5
33.0
45.7
35.4
33.7
39.8
33.3
43.3
..
56.3
31.2

..
..
..

..
..
..

..
..
..

..
..
..

..
..
..

15.4
..
..

0.655
..
..

..
..
..

..
..
..

..
..
..

..
..
..

..
..
..

..
..
..

..
..
..

Nauru
San Marino
Somalia
Tuvalu

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
42.1
..

..
..
0.316
..

..
..
43.5
10.5

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

Human development groups

Very high human development
High human development
Medium human development
Low human development

0.896
0.744
0.630
0.505

0.788
0.600
0.468
0.343

12.1
19.4
25.8
32.0

11.8
19.0
25.5
31.7

4.9
10.7
21.9
35.0

0.885
0.757
0.584
0.405

8.0
16.8
34.7
37.9

0.782
0.542
0.348
0.247

22.5
29.4
19.8
22.0

0.706
0.527
0.503
0.404

Developing countries

0.660

0.490

25.7

25.5

19.9

0.614

32.3

0.374

24.5

0.514

Regions
Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa

0.686
0.710
0.748
0.748
0.607
0.518

0.512
0.572
0.651
0.570
0.433
0.345

25.4
19.4
13.0
23.7
28.7
33.3

24.7
19.2
12.9
23.2
27.9
33.1

17.4
11.7
14.3
13.3
24.4
36.6

0.643
0.734
0.690
0.734
0.563
0.375

38.9
18.4
7.9
21.0
41.5
35.3

0.334
0.491
0.655
0.522
0.288
0.285

17.7
27.4
16.6
35.2
17.9
27.5

0.626
0.520
0.611
0.485
0.499
0.385

Least developed countries

Small island developing states

0.502
0.660

0.347
0.493

30.9
25.3

30.7
24.9

32.3
18.6

0.451
0.628

36.4
21.3

0.253
0.457

23.4
34.9

0.367
0.418

Organisation for Economic Co-operation

0.880

0.763

13.3

12.9

5.6

0.873

9.5

0.744

23.6

0.685

World

0.711

0.548

22.8

22.7

17.4

0.654

26.8

0.442

24.0

0.570

Notes
a. See http://hdr.undp.org for the list of surveys used to estimate inequalities.
b. Based on countries for which the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index is calculated.
c. Calculated from the 20102015 period life tables from UNDESA (2013a).
d. Data refer to 2014 or the most recent year available.
e. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Definitions
Human Development Index (HDI): A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions of human developmenta long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living. See Technical note 1 at http://hdr.undp.org for details on how the HDI is calculated.
Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI): HDI value adjusted for inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development. See Technical note 2 at http://hdr.undp.org for details on how the IHDI is calculated.
Overall loss: Percentage difference between the IHDI and the HDI.
Difference from HDI rank: Difference in ranks on the IHDI and the HDI, calculated only for countries for which the IHDI is calculated.
Coefficient of human inequality: Average inequality in three basic dimensions of human development. See Technical note 2 at http://hdr.undp.org.
Inequality in life expectancy: Inequality in distribution of expected length of life based on data from life tables estimated using the Atkinson inequality index.
Inequality-adjusted life expectancy index: The HDI life expectancy index adjusted for inequality in distribution of expected length of life based on data from life tables listed in Main data sources.
Inequality in education: Inequality in distribution of years of schooling based on data from household surveys estimated using the Atkinson inequality index.
Inequality-adjusted education index: The HDI education index adjusted for inequality in distribution of years of schooling based on data from household surveys listed in Main data sources.
Inequality in income: Inequality in income distribution based on data from household surveys estimated using the Atkinson inequality index.
Inequality-adjusted income index: The HDI income index adjusted for inequality in income distribution based on data from household surveys listed in Main data sources.
Quintile ratio: Ratio of the average income of the richest 20% of the population to the average income of the poorest 20% of the population.
Palma ratio: Ratio of the richest 10% of the population's share of gross national income (GNI) divided by the poorest 40%'s share. It is based on the work of Palma (2011), who found that middle class incomes almost always account for about half of GNI and that the other half is split between the richest 10% and poorest 40%, though their shares vary considerably across countries.
Gini coefficient: Measure of the deviation of the distribution of income among individuals or households within a country from a perfectly equal distribution. A value of 0 represents absolute equality, a value of 100 absolute inequality.

Main data sources

Column 1: HDRO calculations based on data from UNDESA (2015), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015), United Nations Statistics Division (2015), World Bank (2015a), Barro and Lee (2014) and IMF (2015).
Column 2: Calculated as the geometric mean of the values in columns 7, 9 and 11 using the methodology described in Technical note 2 (available at http://hdr.undp.org).
Column 3: Calculated based on data in columns 1 and 2.
Column 4: Calculated based on data in column 2 and recalculated HDI ranks for countries for which the IHDI is calculated.
Column 5: Calculated as the arithmetic mean of the values in columns 6, 8 and 10 using the methodology described in Technical note 2 (available at http://hdr.undp.org).
Column 6: Calculated based on abridged life tables from UNDESA (2013a).
Column 7: Calculated based on data in column 6 and the life expectancy index.
Columns 8 and 10: Calculated based on data from the Luxembourg Income Study database, Eurostat's European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, the World Bank's International Income Distribution Database, United Nations Children's Fund Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys using the methodology in Technical note 2
(available at http://hdr.undp.org).
Column 9: Calculated based on data in column 8 and the unadjusted education index.
Column 11: Calculated based on data in column 10 and the unadjusted income index.
Columns 12 and 13: HDRO calculations based on data from World Bank (2015b).
Column 14: World Bank (2015b).

Table 4: Gender Development Index

Gender Development Index

Value

1
2
3
4
5
6
6
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Country
VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Norway
Australia
Switzerland
Denmark
Netherlands
Germany
Ireland
United States
Canada
New Zealand
Singapore
Hong Kong, China (SAR)
Liechtenstein
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Korea (Republic of)
Israel
Luxembourg
Japan
Belgium
France
Austria
Finland
Slovenia
Spain
Italy
Czech Republic
Greece
Estonia

2014

0.996
0.976
0.950
0.977
0.947
0.963
0.973
0.995
0.982
0.961
0.985
0.958
..
0.999
0.965
0.975
0.930
0.971
0.971
0.961
0.975
0.987
0.943
0.996
0.996
0.975
0.964
0.980
0.961
1.030

31
32
32
34
35
36
37
37
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
50
52
52
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
60
62
63
64
64
66
67
67
69
69
71
72
73

Brunei Darussalam
Cyprus
Qatar
Andorra
Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Malta
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
United Arab Emirates
Chile
Portugal
Hungary
Bahrain
Latvia
Croatia
Kuwait
Montenegro
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Belarus
Russian Federation
Oman
Romania
Uruguay
Bahamas
Kazakhstan
Barbados
Antigua and Barbuda
Bulgaria
Palau
Panama
Malaysia
Mauritius
Seychelles
Trinidad and Tobago
Serbia
Cuba
Lebanon
Costa Rica
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Turkey
Sri Lanka

0.977
0.971
0.998
..
0.999
1.007
1.030
0.937
0.901
0.982
0.954
0.967
0.985
0.976
0.940
1.029
0.987
0.972
0.954
1.021
1.019
0.909
0.989
1.018
..
1.002
1.018
..
0.991
..
0.996
0.947
0.950
..
0.985
0.966
0.954
0.899
0.974
0.858
1.030
0.902
0.948

74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
81
83
84
85
85
85
88
89
90
90
90
93
94
94
96
97
97
99
100
101
101
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
110
112
113
114
115
116
116

Mexico
Brazil
Georgia
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Azerbaijan
Grenada
Jordan
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Ukraine
Algeria
Peru
Albania
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ecuador
Saint Lucia
China
Fiji
Mongolia
Thailand
Dominica
Libya
Tunisia
Colombia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Jamaica
Tonga
Belize
Dominican Republic
Suriname
Maldives
Samoa
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Botswana
Moldova (Republic of)
Egypt
Turkmenistan
Gabon
Indonesia
Paraguay
Palestine, State of
Uzbekistan
Philippines
El Salvador
South Africa

0.943
0.997
0.962
..
0.942
..
0.860
0.949
1.003
0.837
0.947
0.948
1.008
..
0.980
0.991
0.943
0.941
1.028
1.000
..
0.950
0.894
0.997
..
0.995
0.967
0.958
0.995
0.975
0.937
0.956
0.982
1.003
0.868
..
..
0.927
0.956
0.860
0.945
0.977
0.965
0.948

116
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
126
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
134
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
143
145
145
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
156
158
159
160
161
162

Viet Nam
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Kyrgyzstan
Iraq
Cabo Verde
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Guyana
Nicaragua
Morocco
Namibia
Guatemala
Tajikistan
India
Honduras
Bhutan
Timor-Leste
Syrian Arab Republic
Vanuatu
Congo
Kiribati
Equatorial Guinea
Zambia
Ghana
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Sao Tome and Principe
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Kenya
Nepal
Pakistan
Myanmar
Angola
Swaziland
Tanzania (United Republic of)
Nigeria
Cameroon
Madagascar
Zimbabwe
Mauritania
Solomon Islands
Papua New Guinea
Comoros
Yemen
Lesotho
Togo

..
0.931
0.961
0.787
..
..
0.984
0.960
0.828
0.981
0.949
0.926
0.795
0.944
0.897
0.868
0.834
0.903
0.922
..
..
0.917
0.885
0.896
0.917
0.890
0.891
0.913
0.908
0.726
..
..
0.879
0.938
0.841
0.879
0.945
0.922
0.816
..
..
0.813
0.739
0.953
0.831

163
163
163
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188

Haiti
Rwanda
Uganda
Benin
Sudan
Djibouti
South Sudan
Senegal
Afghanistan
Cte d'Ivoire
Malawi
Ethiopia
Gambia
Congo (Democratic Republic of the)
Liberia
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Sierra Leone
Guinea
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Chad
Eritrea
Central African Republic
Niger
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of)
Marshall Islands
Monaco
Nauru
San Marino
Somalia
Tuvalu

..
0.957
0.886
0.823
0.830
..
..
0.883
0.600
0.810
0.907
0.840
0.889
0.833
0.789
..
0.776
0.881
0.814
0.778
0.881
0.911
0.768
..
0.773
0.729
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

Human development groups

Very high human development
High human development
Medium human development
Low human development

0.978
0.954
0.861
0.830

Developing countries
Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean

0.899
0.849
0.948
0.945
0.976

South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa

0.801
0.872

Least developed countries

0.866

Small island developing states

..

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and

0.973

World

0.924

Notes
a. Because disaggregated income data are not available, data are crudely estimated. See
b. Countries are divided into five groups by absolute deviation from gender parity in HDI values.
c. Data refer to 2014 or the most recent year available.
d. Calculated by the Singapore Ministry of Education.
e. HDRO updates based on data on educational attainment from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015) a
f. For the purpose of calculating the male HDI value, estimated gross national income per capita is cappe
g. Based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2011).
h. Based on data on school life expectancy from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013).
i. HDRO calculations based on data from recent United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Multiple Indica
j. Based on the estimate of educational attainment distribution from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015
k. HDRO calculations based on data from the 2011 population census from Samoa Bureau of Statistics (2
l. HDRO estimate based on data from the country's most recent ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surv
Definitions
Gender Development Index: Ratio of female to male HDI values. See Technical note 3

Gender Development Index groups: Countries are divided into five groups by absolute deviation from g
achievements between women and men (absolute deviation of 2.5-5 percent); group 3 comprises countrie
10 percent); and group 5 comprises countries with low equality in HDI achievements between women and
Human Development Index (HDI): A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dim
Life expectancy at birth: Number of years a newborn infant could expect to live if prevailing patterns of a
Expected years of schooling: Number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can exp
Mean years of schooling: Average number of years of education received by people ages 25 and older,

Estimated gross national income per capita: Derived from the ratio of female to male wages, female a

Main data sources

Columns 1: Calculated based on data in columns 3 and 4.
Columns 2: Calculated based on data in column 1.
Columns 3 and 4: HDRO calculations based on data from UNDESA (2015), UNESCO Institute for Statisti
Columns 5 and 6: UNDESA (2015).
Columns 7 and 8: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015).
Columns 9 and 10: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015), Barro and Lee (2014), UNICEF Multiple Indica
Columns 11 and 12: HDRO calculations based on ILO (2015a), UNDESA (2013a), World Bank (2015a) an

r Development Index

GDI group

Human Development Index (HDI)

Life expectancy at birth

Value

(years)

Female

Male

Female

2014

2014

2014

2014

1
1
2
1
3
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
..
1
2
1
3
2
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
2
2

0.940
0.922
0.898
0.912
0.893
0.901
0.901
0.911
0.904
0.894
0.898
0.892
..
0.906
0.888
0.886
0.861
0.879
0.877
0.870
0.872
0.881
0.856
0.879
0.877
0.863
0.851
0.859
0.844
0.872

0.944
0.945
0.945
0.934
0.943
0.936
0.926
0.916
0.921
0.930
0.912
0.931
..
0.906
0.920
0.909
0.926
0.905
0.903
0.905
0.895
0.893
0.909
0.882
0.881
0.885
0.883
0.877
0.879
0.847

83.6
84.5
85.0
82.2
83.3
83.3
83.0
81.4
84.0
83.6
86.0
86.8
..
83.9
82.6
84.0
85.0
84.1
83.9
86.7
83.2
85.1
83.8
83.6
83.4
85.3
85.5
81.5
83.8
81.3

1
2
1
..
1
1
2
3
4
1
2
2
1
1
3
2
1
2
2

0.840
0.836
0.853
..
0.841
0.844
0.851
0.806
0.778
0.819
0.796
0.815
0.823
0.818
0.789
0.829
0.812
0.793
0.782

0.860
0.861
0.854
..
0.842
0.839
0.827
0.861
0.864
0.834
0.835
0.843
0.836
0.838
0.839
0.805
0.823
0.816
0.819

80.7
82.4
79.9
..
79.9
81.4
78.9
82.2
75.7
80.1
78.5
84.5
83.8
78.7
77.6
78.9
80.6
75.8
78.4

1
1
4
1
1
..
1
1
..
1
..
1
3
2
..
1
2
2
5
2
5
2
4
3

0.806
0.804
0.741
0.787
0.797
..
0.787
0.791
..
0.777
..
0.776
0.753
0.752
..
0.763
0.757
0.747
0.718
0.753
0.689
0.772
0.716
0.730

0.789
0.789
0.815
0.796
0.783
..
0.785
0.777
..
0.784
..
0.779
0.795
0.792
..
0.774
0.784
0.783
0.800
0.774
0.804
0.749
0.793
0.769

77.2
75.8
79.2
78.3
80.6
78.3
74.1
78.0
78.5
77.7
..
80.7
77.1
78.0
78.1
74.0
77.7
81.5
81.3
81.9
76.5
78.5
78.5
78.2

3
1
2
..
3
..
5
3
1
5
3
3
1
..
1
1
3
3
2
1
..
2
5
1
..
1
2
2
1
1
3
2

0.731
0.752
0.736
..
0.721
..
0.674
0.726
0.747
0.637
0.712
0.711
0.734
..
0.722
0.725
0.705
0.699
0.737
0.726
..
0.699
0.671
0.719
..
0.715
0.704
0.696
0.710
0.702
0.678
0.681

0.775
0.754
0.765
..
0.766
..
0.784
0.765
0.745
0.761
0.752
0.750
0.728
..
0.737
0.731
0.747
0.743
0.716
0.726
..
0.736
0.751
0.721
..
0.719
0.727
0.727
0.713
0.720
0.723
0.713

79.2
78.3
78.4
..
74.0
75.9
75.8
77.7
75.9
77.2
77.2
80.4
78.6
79.0
78.7
77.8
77.3
73.2
73.9
77.9
..
74.6
77.3
77.7
75.1
78.1
75.8
72.9
76.7
74.4
77.8
76.8

1
1
5
..
..
3
2
5
3
1
2
3

0.691
0.694
0.633
..
..
0.655
0.662
0.607
0.640
0.649
0.652
0.646

0.704
0.692
0.729
..
..
0.706
0.692
0.706
0.678
0.664
0.676
0.681

66.8
75.7
73.4
69.9
65.0
71.0
75.1
74.9
71.8
71.8
77.4
59.3

..
3
2
5
..
..
1
2
5
1
3
3
5
3
5
5
5
4
4
..
..
4
5
5
4
5
5

..
0.637
0.638
0.561
..
..
0.626
0.615
0.555
0.620
0.608
0.600
0.525
0.583
0.572
0.548
0.520
0.587
0.561
..
..
0.558
0.540
0.543
0.541
0.519
0.520

..
0.684
0.664
0.712
..
..
0.636
0.640
0.670
0.632
0.641
0.648
0.660
0.618
0.638
0.631
0.623
0.650
0.609
..
..
0.609
0.610
0.606
0.590
0.584
0.584

80.5
70.9
74.6
71.7
75.0
70.1
68.8
77.9
75.1
67.3
75.3
73.2
69.5
75.7
69.7
70.1
76.5
74.0
63.9
69.2
59.0
62.0
62.3
67.5
72.9
70.3
68.4

4
4
5
..
..
5
3
5
5
3
4
5
..
..
5
5
2
5

0.527
0.521
0.436
..
..
0.494
0.504
0.468
0.478
0.497
0.487
0.446
..
..
0.443
0.414
0.482
0.439

0.577
0.574
0.601
..
..
0.561
0.538
0.556
0.544
0.526
0.529
0.546
..
..
0.545
0.560
0.505
0.527

63.4
71.1
67.2
68.0
53.8
48.2
66.4
53.1
56.7
66.6
58.9
64.5
69.4
64.8
65.0
65.2
49.8
60.4

..
2
5
5
5
..
..
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
5
..
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
..
5
5

..
0.472
0.452
0.431
0.428
..
..
0.436
0.328
0.410
0.423
0.403
0.414
0.393
0.387
..
0.363
0.390
0.370
0.358
0.376
0.381
0.338
..
0.303
0.287

..
0.493
0.510
0.524
0.516
..
..
0.494
0.546
0.507
0.467
0.479
0.466
0.472
0.491
..
0.468
0.443
0.454
0.460
0.427
0.418
0.440
..
0.392
0.394

64.9
67.0
60.3
61.0
65.0
63.7
56.7
68.3
61.6
52.4
63.7
66.0
61.6
60.1
61.8
57.0
57.8
56.5
51.4
59.2
59.9
58.7
52.7
65.9
52.6
62.4

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

73.7
..
..
..
..
57.0
..

0.884
0.724
0.574
0.456

0.903
0.758
0.667
0.549

83.1
77.4
70.6
61.8

0.617
0.611
0.692
0.719
0.736

0.686
0.719
0.730
0.760
0.754

71.7
72.7
76.0
76.1
78.2

0.525
0.480

0.655
0.550

69.9
59.7

0.465

0.537

64.8

..

..

72.6

0.862

0.887

82.7

0.670

0.725

73.7

re crudely estimated. See Definitions and Technical note 3 at http://hdr.undp.org for details on how the Gender Development In
om gender parity in HDI values.

m UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015) and methodology from Barro and Lee (2014).
gross national income per capita is capped at $75,000.

nstitute for Statistics (2013).

Children's Fund (UNICEF) Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys.
om UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015).
ensus from Samoa Bureau of Statistics (2013).
ICF Macro Demographic and Health Survey.

es. See Technical note 3 at http://hdr.undp.org for details on how the Gender Development Index is calculated.

o five groups by absolute deviation from gender parity in HDI values. Group 1 comprises countries with high equality in HDI ach
2.5-5 percent); group 3 comprises countries with medium equality in HDI achievements between women and men (absolute dev
n HDI achievements between women and men (absolute deviation from gender parity of more than 10 percent).
ng average achievement in three basic dimensions of human developmenta long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent st
uld expect to live if prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth stay the same throughout the infants life
at a child of school entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout
on received by people ages 25 and older, converted from educational attainment levels using official durations of each level.

e ratio of female to male wages, female and male shares of economically active population and GNI (in 2011 purchasing power

ESA (2015), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015), Barro and Lee (2014), World Bank (2015a), ILO (2015a) and IMF (2015).

o and Lee (2014), UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys.
UNDESA (2013a), World Bank (2015a) and IMF (2015).

expectancy at birth

Expected years of schooling

Mean years of schooling

(years)

(years)

(years)

Male

Female

2014

2014

79.5
80.3
80.8
78.3
79.7
78.5
78.8
76.7
80.0
80.0
79.9
81.2
..
80.4
78.7
81.0
78.5
80.5
79.3
80.2
78.3
79.2
78.8
78.0
77.3
79.8
80.6
75.7
78.0
72.0

18.2
20.7
15.7
19.3
18.0
16.3
18.5
17.2
16.3
20.0
15.5
15.7
13.8
16.6
16.6
20.1
16.0
16.5
14.0
15.2
16.7
16.4
16.1
17.7
17.7
17.7
16.5
16.9
17.7
17.4

Male
c

2014

16.8
19.7
15.9
18.1
17.9
16.6
18.7
15.7
15.5
18.3
15.3
15.5
16.1
15.1
15.8
17.9
17.7
15.5
13.7
15.5
16.0
15.6
15.4
16.5
16.0
17.0
15.6
15.8
17.6
15.6

Female
c

2014

12.7
13.1
11.5
12.8
11.6
12.9
12.3
13.0
13.1
12.5
10.1
10.9
..
12.2
12.9
10.8
11.2
12.5
11.3
11.3
10.6
11.0
9.9
10.2
11.8
9.4
9.5
12.1
9.8
12.7

77.0
78.0
77.3
..
72.5
73.4
67.7
78.8
73.0
72.4
76.3
78.6
77.9
71.5
75.8
69.1
74.0
73.5
74.1

14.9
14.2
14.0
..
15.7
16.3
16.9
14.8
16.6
19.1
13.9
15.5
16.5
15.7
15.1
15.9
15.4
15.2
15.5

65.5
64.4
75.1
71.2
73.5
72.3
64.6
73.2
73.5
70.8
..
74.6
72.4
70.9
68.9
67.0
72.1
77.4
77.6
77.0
74.3
70.2
72.0
71.5

16.2
15.1
13.9
14.6
16.6
..
15.4
17.2
14.6
14.6
13.9
13.8
12.7
15.9
13.3
12.5
14.9
14.4
13.6
14.3
15.0
15.3
14.0
14.2

14.2
13.8
13.9
..
14.5
14.7
15.9
14.0
16.1
16.8
12.9
15.0
16.1
15.1
13.7
14.6
14.2
14.2
14.8
15.1
14.3
13.5
13.8
14.4
..
14.7
13.8
13.3
14.1
13.5
12.8
12.7
15.2
13.4
12.1
13.9
13.3
13.9
13.4
15.2
13.1
15.1
13.3

8.5
11.4
10.4
..
12.3
11.7
12.3
9.9
7.8
9.8
9.9
9.7
8.1
11.3
9.1
11.7
10.5
7.3
10.5
11.9
11.9
7.0
10.3
8.7
11.1
11.3
10.6
..
10.6
..
9.6
9.4
8.0
..
10.7
9.8
11.4
7.6
8.4
7.7
9.2
6.7
10.7

i
j

74.4
70.7
71.2
..
67.7
71.0
72.4
73.1
66.0
72.5
71.9
75.4
70.9
74.0
73.2
72.4
74.3
67.2
65.3
71.1
..
68.9
72.5
70.5
70.9
73.3
69.9
67.4
70.4
68.0
75.8
70.4

13.2
15.6
14.0
13.4
11.8
16.3
13.7
13.5
15.4
14.2
13.1
11.9
13.6
..
14.5
13.0
13.2
16.0
15.3
13.9
..
14.3
15.0
13.9
13.4
13.1
15.0
13.9
13.6
13.6
12.8
13.2

62.1
67.4
69.0
61.5
63.8
66.9
70.8
71.0
65.0
64.9
68.3
55.2

12.6
12.2
13.3
10.6
..
13.1
12.2
13.8
11.3
11.5
12.1
13.7

12.9
14.8
13.6
12.4
12.0
15.3
13.3
13.2
14.9
13.8
13.0
11.8
11.2
..
13.9
12.1
12.9
15.5
13.9
13.1
..
13.8
14.0
13.2
13.1
11.6
14.4
13.2
12.6
11.8
12.5
12.5
12.4
11.6
13.8
11.0
..
12.9
11.7
12.2
11.7
11.1
12.4
13.4

8.2
7.8
12.0
..
10.5
..
9.3
8.7
11.3
4.8
8.5
8.9
10.8
6.6
7.4
9.4
6.9
9.8
9.5
7.1
..
7.7
5.9
7.4
..
10.0
10.7
10.5
7.7
7.3
5.7
10.3
8.7
11.1
5.4
..
8.9
7.0
7.5
8.4
9.5
8.4
6.2
9.7

e
k

i
e

71.0
65.9
66.6
67.2
71.4
68.1
64.2
71.9
73.0
62.1
68.3
66.2
66.6
70.7
69.2
66.5
64.0
69.9
60.8
62.8
56.3
58.2
60.4
64.8
70.4
66.2
64.4

..
12.9
12.7
8.7
13.9
..
11.2
11.8
10.6
11.4
10.2
10.5
11.3
11.6
12.8
11.3
12.2
10.2
10.9
12.7
..
13.0
11.0
10.1
10.3
10.3
11.4

..
13.4
12.3
11.4
13.1
..
9.4
11.3
11.6
11.3
11.0
12.0
11.8
10.6
12.6
12.0
12.3
10.9
11.3
11.9
..
13.9
12.0
11.0
9.7
11.5
11.2

7.0
7.5
10.5
5.1
..
..
8.9
6.2
3.2
6.3
5.5
9.6
3.6
5.5
2.0
3.6
5.4
8.0
4.9
..
4.0
5.8
5.6
3.9
4.5
3.2
4.0

59.9
68.2
65.3
63.9
50.8
49.6
63.5
52.4
54.4
63.6
56.2
61.6
66.5
60.5
61.6
62.5
49.6
58.9

10.7
12.5
7.0
..
8.7
10.9
9.0
8.2
9.5
10.2
10.7
8.5
8.8
..
11.0
7.7
11.7
10.9

11.3
12.2
8.5
..
14.0
11.8
9.3
9.8
11.2
10.5
11.0
8.5
9.7
..
11.9
10.6
10.6
13.4

5.9
2.3
3.1
4.3
..
7.4
4.5
4.9
5.3
6.6
6.7
2.7
..
3.2
3.7
1.3
6.5
3.0

l
l

60.7
61.1
56.7
58.1
62.0
60.4
54.7
64.5
59.2
50.7
61.7
62.2
58.9
57.2
59.9
53.4
58.2
53.6
50.4
58.3
57.3
54.8
50.5
61.6
48.8
60.6

..
10.4
9.7
9.4
6.7
5.9
..
7.8
7.2
7.9
10.8
8.0
8.7
8.6
8.9
..
7.5
8.8
7.2
7.3
7.4
9.6
5.9
..
5.9
4.8

..
10.2
9.9
12.7
7.3
6.9
..
8.1
11.3
10.0
10.7
9.0
8.9
10.8
12.4
..
9.3
9.8
10.0
10.0
8.1
10.7
8.9
..
8.6
6.1

4.2
3.2
4.5
2.1
2.5
..
4.5
1.8
1.2
3.2
3.4
1.4
2.0
4.5
2.6
..
1.5
2.4
2.2
1.4
1.0
2.2
1.0
..
2.8
0.8

66.7
..
..
..
..
53.8
..

..
..
..
9.9
15.9
..
..

..
..
..
8.9
14.7
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

77.8
72.8
66.8
59.3

16.8
13.8
11.5
8.3

16.0
13.4
11.8
9.8

11.7
7.7
4.9
3.4

68.0
68.8
72.2
68.5
71.7

11.6
11.6
13.0
13.5
14.4

11.9
12.3
12.8
13.8
13.7

5.4
4.9
6.9
9.0
8.0

l
l

67.1
57.1

10.8
9.1

11.3
10.3

3.7
4.2

61.9

8.9

10.0

3.2

67.8

13.4

12.6

..

77.5

16.0

15.5

11.0

69.5

12.2

12.4

6.2

e Gender Development Index is calculated.

h high equality in HDI achievements between women and men (absolute deviation of less than 2.5 percent); group 2 comprises
en and men (absolute deviation of 5-7.5 percent); group 4 comprises countries with medium to low equality in HDI achievemen
0 percent).
nowledge and a decent standard of living. See Technical note 1 at http://hdr.undp.org for details on how the HDI is calculated.
e throughout the infants life.
t rates persist throughout the childs life.
durations of each level.

in 2011 purchasing power parity terms). See Technical note 3 at http://hdr.undp.org for details.

2015a) and IMF (2015).

h Surveys.

Estimated gross national income per

capita

n years of schooling

(years)

(2011 PPP $)

Male
2014

12.5
12.9
13.1
12.7
12.2
13.8
12.0
12.9
13.0
12.6
10.9
11.9
..
12.0
13.2
10.4
12.7
12.6
12.1
11.7
11.1
11.3
11.9
10.2
12.0
9.8
10.2
12.5
10.5
12.2

Female

Male

2014

2014

57,140
33,688
44,132
36,439
29,500
34,886
30,104
43,054
33,587
24,309
59,994
38,060
..
40,222
27,259
28,792
21,896
22,451
47,723
24,975
31,879
31,073
29,598
31,644
22,180
24,059
22,526
19,929
17,288
20,854

72,825
50,914
69,077
51,727
61,641
53,290
49,166
63,158
50,853
41,372
93,699
72,052
..
51,084
51,628
41,486
46,018
39,064
69,800
49,541
50,845
45,497
58,826
45,994
33,593
40,221
44,148
33,604
31,952
30,254

9.0
11.8
8.8
..
12.2
11.9
12.5
10.8
9.3
9.8
8.5
9.9
8.4
12.2
9.6
11.2
11.6
7.1
11.8
12.1
12.0
8.5
11.1
8.2
10.7
11.5
10.2
..
10.4
..
9.1
10.1
9.1
..
10.9
11.2
11.6
8.2
8.3
8.6
8.6
8.5
10.9

i
j

54,228
22,613
55,123
..
19,903
18,423
20,955
16,435
20,094
14,202
22,391
14,732
21,259
17,443
20,038
18,437
16,200
42,292
11,106

90,437
34,400
143,979
..
32,122
28,271
28,656
39,432
77,044
30,237
77,300
27,992
30,543
28,960
49,890
26,845
22,853
111,988
18,094

12,922
17,269
14,709
15,250
14,721
17,868
15,408
10,245
..
12,448
..
13,699
15,635
10,541
..
19,669
9,697
4,912
7,334
9,680
4,828
12,458
10,024
5,452

21,010
28,287
46,400
21,117
24,166
24,957
26,746
14,739
..
18,926
..
22,597
30,320
24,581
..
32,656
14,799
9,665
25,391
17,033
25,924
19,840
27,645
14,307

8.8
7.5
12.3
..
11.2
..
10.5
9.8
11.4
7.8
9.6
9.6
10.9
8.6
7.6
9.3
8.2
10.0
9.0
7.5
..
7.0
7.8
7.3
..
9.4
10.8
10.5
7.2
8.0
6.0
10.3
9.1
11.3
7.7
..
6.6
8.2
7.9
9.3
9.9
7.9
6.9
10.2

e
k

i
e

10,233
11,393
4,887
..
10,120
..
3,587
8,796
6,518
3,898
8,040
7,217
6,042
6,514
8,487
8,018
10,128
4,274
9,029
11,820
..
7,427
4,748
9,785
7,283
5,820
3,796
5,034
8,860
10,241
8,531
3,416

22,252
19,084
9,718
..
22,814
..
18,831
14,754
10,120
22,009
13,977
12,655
10,089
12,912
12,723
11,576
14,795
10,592
12,462
14,888
..
22,392
16,159
14,372
12,541
9,059
6,336
10,198
14,903
20,970
16,073
7,124

15,179
4,599
4,928
8,725
13,527
6,485
5,576
1,580
3,811
5,382
5,497
8,713

18,096
5,915
16,049
17,552
19,177
13,052
9,678
7,726
7,342
10,439
9,406
15,737

7.9
8.9
10.6
7.7
..
..
8.0
5.8
5.3
6.1
5.7
11.2
7.2
5.4
4.1
5.3
7.4
10.0
6.5
..
7.2
7.3
7.9
6.1
5.5
5.4
5.5
7.3
4.5
6.2
3.8
..
6.8
5.8
7.1
6.7
6.1
7.7
4.8
..
4.8
5.6
3.8
5.2
6.3

l
l

4,624
4,383
2,122
4,279
4,098
..
4,164
2,967
3,222
7,672
5,021
2,014
2,116
2,365
5,733
3,122
864
2,141
5,165
..
17,073
3,019
3,200
4,086
2,278
2,526
1,886

5,570
7,140
3,992
23,515
8,105
..
8,804
5,979
10,573
11,267
8,934
3,017
8,656
5,508
8,418
7,530
4,523
3,445
6,859
..
24,850
4,452
4,515
5,279
4,083
3,393
3,976

2,255
1,956
1,450
3,873
5,497
3,894
2,320
4,052
2,266
1,098
1,387
1,625
1,046
2,145
778
1,595
2,613
1,084

3,270
2,690
8,100
5,386
8,169
7,235
2,502
6,585
3,341
1,560
1,850
5,468
2,019
2,768
2,123
5,412
4,017
1,376

5.6
4.3
6.3
4.6
3.8
..
5.8
3.2
5.1
5.3
5.2
3.6
3.7
7.7
5.8
..
2.7
4.3
4.0
3.7
1.9
3.1
2.9
..
5.7
2.0

1,379
1,312
1,226
1,493
1,882
2,019
..
1,657
506
2,146
679
1,090
1,267
597
678
1,135
961
1,040
1,582
877
1,325
693
1,657
971
476
491

1,966
1,612
1,997
2,043
5,722
4,522
..
2,739
3,227
4,157
815
1,765
1,753
765
930
1,593
2,195
1,210
1,981
1,314
1,859
825
2,513
1,290
689
1,319

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

12.0
8.5
7.3
5.5

30,991
10,407
3,333
1,983

52,315
17,443
9,257
4,201

7.3
6.9
8.0
10.0
8.1

5,926
5,686
9,017
8,238
10,194

12,178
24,985
13,780
17,607
18,435

l
l

6.9
6.0

2,198
2,626

8,827
4,148

4.9

1,783

3,005

..

5,045

8,849

11.5

28,430

47,269

7.9

10,296

18,373

ercent); group 2 comprises countries with medium to high equality in HDI

equality in HDI achievements between women and men (absolute deviation of 7.5-

how the HDI is calculated.

Table 5: Gender Inequality Index

Gender Inequality Index

Maternal
mortality ratio

Adolescent birth
rate

Value

Rank

(deaths per100,000 live

births)

(births per 1,000

women ages 1519)

2014

2014

2013

2010/2015

0.067

0.110
0.028

19
2

6
6

Denmark
Netherlands
Germany
Ireland
United States
Canada
New Zealand
Singapore
Hong Kong, China (SAR)
Liechtenstein
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland

0.048
0.062
0.041
0.113
0.280
0.129
0.157
0.088
..
..
0.055
0.177
0.087

4
7
3
21
55
25
32
13
..
..
6
39
12

5
6
7
9
28
11
8
6
..
..
4
8
4

17
18

Korea (Republic of)

Israel

0.125
0.101

23
18

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Luxembourg
Japan
Belgium
France
Austria
Finland
Slovenia
Spain
Italy
Czech Republic
Greece
Estonia

0.100
0.133
0.063
0.088
0.053
0.075
0.016
0.095
0.068
0.091
0.146
0.164

31
32

Brunei Darussalam
Cyprus

32
34
35
36
37
37
39
40
41
42
43

Share of seats in
parliament

Population with at least some

secondary education

Labour force participation rate

(% ages 25 and older)

(% ages 15 and older)

(% held by women)

Female

2014

20052014

7.8

39.6

97.4

12.1
1.9

30.5
28.5

94.3
95.0

94.6
96.6

5.1
6.2
3.8
8.2
31.0
14.5
25.3
6.0
3.3
..
6.5
25.8
11.5

38.0
36.9
36.9
19.9
19.4
28.2
31.4
25.3
..
20.0
43.6
23.5
41.3

95.5
87.7
96.3
80.5
95.1
100.0
95.0
74.1
72.2
..
86.5
99.8
91.0

27
2

2.2
7.8

16.3
22.5

77.0
84.4

17
26
8
13
5
11
1
16
10
15
29
33

11
6
6
12
4
4
7
4
4
5
5
11

8.3
5.4
6.7
5.7
4.1
9.2
0.6
10.6
4.0
4.9
11.9
16.8

28.3
11.6
42.4
25.7
30.3
42.5
27.7
38.0
30.1
18.9
21.0
19.8

..
0.124

..
22

27
10

23.0
5.5

..
12.5

Qatar
Andorra
Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Malta
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
United Arab Emirates
Chile
Portugal

0.524
..
0.164
0.138
0.125
0.227
0.284
0.376
0.232
0.338
0.111

116
..
33
28
23
46
56
75
47
65
20

6
..
7
3
11
9
16
69
8
22
8

9.5
..
15.9
12.2
10.6
18.2
10.2
54.4
27.6
55.3
12.6

0.0
50.0
18.7
22.1
23.4
13.0
19.9
36.8
17.5
15.8
31.3

44

Hungary

0.209

42

14

12.1

10.1

97.9

98.7

45
46
47
48
49

0.265
0.167
0.149
0.387
0.171

51
36
30
79
37

22
13
13
14
7

13.8
13.5
12.7
14.5
15.2

15.0
18.0
25.8
1.5
17.3

56.7
98.9
85.0
55.6
84.2

51.4
99.0
93.6
56.3
94.7

50
50
52
52

Bahrain
Latvia
Croatia
Kuwait
Montenegro
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Belarus
Russian Federation
Oman
Romania

0.151
0.276
0.275
0.333

31
54
53
64

1
24
11
33

20.6
25.7
10.6
31.0

30.1
14.5
9.6
12.0

87.0
89.6
47.2
86.1

52

Uruguay

0.313

61

14

58.3

11.5

54.4

55
56

Bahamas
Kazakhstan

0.298
0.267

58
52

37
26

28.5
29.9

16.7
20.1

91.2
95.3

57

Barbados

0.357

69

52

48.4

19.6

89.5

Country
VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Norway

2
3

Australia
Switzerland

4
5
6
6
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
14
16

Female

Male

2013

2013

61.2

68.7

58.8
61.8

71.8
74.9

96.6
90.5
97.0
78.6
94.8
100.0
95.3
81.0
79.2
..
87.3
99.9
91.6

58.7
58.5
53.6
53.1
56.3
61.6
62.0
58.8
51.3
..
60.3
55.7
70.5

66.4
70.6
66.4
68.1
68.9
71.0
73.8
77.2
67.8
..
67.9
68.7
77.4

89.1
87.3

50.1
57.9

72.1
69.1

100.0
87.0
77.5
78.0
100.0
100.0
95.8
66.8
71.2
99.9
59.5
100.0

100.0
85.8
82.9
83.2
100.0
100.0
98.0
73.1
80.5
99.7
67.0
100.0

50.7
48.8
47.5
50.7
54.6
55.7
52.3
52.5
39.6
51.1
44.2
56.2

64.6
70.4
59.3
61.6
67.7
64.0
63.2
65.8
59.5
68.3
62.5
68.9

63.9
76.0

67.8
81.7

52.6
56.0

75.3
71.1

50.8
..
51.1
48.9
55.8
37.9
20.2
47.5
46.5
49.2
54.9

95.5
..
68.6
64.9
67.3
66.3
78.3
75.0
92.0
74.8
66.2

44.8

60.0

39.2
54.9
44.7
43.6
43.0

86.9
67.6
58.4
83.1
57.3

50.1
57.1
29.0
48.7

63.1
71.7
82.6
64.9

66.7
49.5
99.1
79.4
89.1
68.6
60.5
56.3
73.1
73.3
47.7

Male
c

20052014

96.7

59.0
49.3
99.5
85.5
94.3
78.2
70.3
57.6
61.2
76.4
48.2

92.2
92.5
57.1
92.0
f

50.3

55.6

76.8

87.6
98.8

69.3
67.7

79.3
77.9

87.7

65.9

76.6

58
59
60
60

Antigua and Barbuda

Bulgaria
Palau
Panama

..
0.212
..
0.454

..
44
..
96

..
5
..
85

49.3
35.9
..
78.5

25.7
20.4
10.3
19.3

..
93.0
..
54.0

62
63
64
64
66

Malaysia
Mauritius
Seychelles
Trinidad and Tobago
Serbia

0.209
0.419
..
0.371
0.176

42
88
..
73
38

29
73
..
84
16

5.7
30.9
56.3
34.8
16.9

14.2
11.6
43.8
24.7
34.0

65.1
49.4
66.9
59.7
58.4

71.3
58.0
66.6
60.9
73.6

67
67

Cuba
Lebanon

0.356
0.385

68
78

80
16

43.1
12.0

48.9
3.1

74.3
53.0

69
69
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81

Costa Rica
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Turkey
Sri Lanka
Mexico
Brazil
Georgia
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Azerbaijan
Grenada
Jordan
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

0.349
0.515
0.476
0.359
0.370
0.373
0.457
0.382
..
0.303
..
0.473
0.164

66
114
103
71
72
74
97
77
..
59
..
102
33

38
23
110
20
29
49
69
41
..
26
23
50
7

60.8
31.6
83.2
30.9
16.9
63.4
70.8
46.8
..
40.0
35.4
26.5
18.3

33.3
3.1
17.0
14.4
5.8
37.1
9.6
11.3
6.7
15.6
25.0
11.6
33.3

50.7
62.2
56.6
39.0
72.7
55.7
54.6
89.7
..
93.7
..
69.5
40.2

81
83
84
85
85
85
88
89
90
90
90
93
94

Ukraine
Algeria
Peru
Albania
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ecuador
Saint Lucia
China
Fiji
Mongolia
Thailand
Dominica

0.286
0.413
0.406
0.217
0.318
0.201
0.407
..
0.191
0.418
0.325
0.380
..

57
85
82
45
62
41
83
..
40
87
63
76
..

23
89
89
21
29
8
87
34
32
59
68
26
..

25.7
10.0
50.7
15.3
27.1
15.1
77.0
56.3
8.6
42.8
18.7
41.0
..

11.8
25.7
22.3
20.7
10.7
19.3
41.6
20.7
23.6
14.0
14.9
6.1
21.9

94
96
97
97
99

Libya
Tunisia
Colombia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Jamaica

0.134
0.240
0.429
..
0.430

27
48
92
..
93

15
46
83
45
80

2.5
4.6
68.5
54.5
70.1

16.0
31.3
20.9
13.0
16.7

100

Tonga

0.666

148

120

18.1

0.0

101
101
103
104
105

Belize
Dominican Republic
Suriname
Maldives
Samoa
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

0.426
0.477
0.463
0.243
0.457

90
104
100
49
97

45
100
130
31
58

71.4
99.6
35.2
4.2
28.3

13.3
19.1
11.8
5.9
6.1

76.4
55.6
44.6
27.3
64.3

75.8
53.1
47.1
32.7
60.0

106
107

Botswana
Moldova (Republic of)

0.480
0.248

106
50

170
21

44.2
29.3

9.5
20.8

73.6
93.6

77.9
96.6

108
109

Egypt
Turkmenistan

0.573
..

131
..

45
61

43.0
18.0

2.2
25.8

43.9
..

110
110
112
113
114
115
116
116
116
119
120
121
122
123

Gabon
Indonesia
Paraguay
Palestine, State of
Uzbekistan
Philippines
El Salvador
South Africa
Viet Nam
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Kyrgyzstan
Iraq
Cabo Verde
Micronesia (Federated States of)

0.514
0.494
0.472
..
..
0.420
0.427
0.407
0.308
0.444
0.353
0.539
..
..

113
110
101
..
..
89
91
83
60
94
67
123
..
..

240
190
110
..
36
120
69
140
49
200
75
67
53
96

103.0
48.3
67.0
45.8
38.8
46.8
76.0
50.9
29.0
71.9
29.3
68.7
70.6
18.6

16.2
17.1
16.8
..
16.4
27.1
27.4
40.7
24.3
51.8
23.3
26.5
20.8
0.0

53.9
39.9
36.8
53.9
..
65.9
36.8
72.7
59.4
47.6
94.5
27.8
..
..

124

Guyana

0.515

114

250

88.5

31.3

125

Nicaragua

0.449

95

100

100.8

39.1

126

Morocco

0.525

117

120

35.8

11.0

..
47.9
..
49.0

..
59.0
..
81.8

44.4
43.6
..
53.0
44.5

75.5
74.2
..
75.5
60.9

78.8
55.4

43.4
23.3

70.0
70.9

50.5
67.6
50.8
60.0
76.4
60.6
52.4
92.7
..
97.4
..
78.5
55.6

46.6
16.6
51.1
29.4
35.1
45.1
59.4
56.5
..
62.9
..
15.6
43.1

79.0
73.6
79.2
70.8
76.3
79.9
80.8
75.1
..
69.6
..
66.6
67.5

91.7
26.7
56.3
81.8
94.0
44.9
40.1
..
58.7
64.2
85.3
35.7
29.7

95.9
31.0
66.1
87.9
95.0
69.8
39.4
..
71.9
64.5
84.1
40.8
23.2

53.2
15.2
68.2
44.9
54.2
34.1
54.7
62.7
63.9
37.5
56.6
64.3
..

66.9
72.2
84.4
65.5
72.6
57.3
82.7
76.2
78.3
72.0
69.3
80.7
..

55.5
32.8
56.9
..
74.0

41.9
46.1
55.6
..
70.2

30.0
25.1
55.8
55.7
56.1

76.4
70.9
79.7
78.0
70.9

53.5

74.6

49.2
51.3
40.5
56.2
23.5

82.3
78.6
68.8
77.5
58.4

71.9
37.6

81.6
44.2

60.6
..

23.7
46.9

74.8
76.9

36.1
49.2
43.0
59.4
..
63.7
43.6
75.9
71.2
59.1
96.8
50.2
..
..

56.2
51.4
55.7
15.4
48.1
51.1
47.8
44.5
73.0
64.2
56.0
14.9
51.5
..

65.4
84.2
84.8
66.4
75.6
79.7
79.0
60.5
82.2
80.9
79.5
69.8
83.7
..

60.3

47.8

42.6

80.5

39.4

38.3

47.4

80.3

20.7

30.2

26.5

75.8

87.5

..
95.7
..
49.9

88.3

126
128
129
130
131
132
133
134

Namibia
Guatemala
Tajikistan
India
Honduras
Bhutan
Timor-Leste
Syrian Arab Republic

0.401
0.533
0.357
0.563
0.480
0.457
..
0.533

81
119
69
130
106
97
..
119

130
140
44
190
120
120
270
49

54.9
97.2
42.8
32.8
84.0
40.9
52.2
41.6

37.7
13.3
15.2
12.2
25.8
8.3
38.5
12.4

134

Vanuatu

..

..

86

44.8

0.0

136
137
138

Congo
Kiribati
Equatorial Guinea

0.593
..
..

137
..
..

410
130
290

126.7
16.6
112.6

11.5
8.7
19.7

139
140

Zambia
Ghana

0.587
0.554

132
127

280
380

125.4
58.4

141

Lao People's Democratic Republic

..

..

..

142
143
143

0.503
0.477
..

111
104
..

170
170
210

145

Bangladesh
Cambodia
Sao Tome and Principe
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Kenya

0.552

126

145
147

Nepal
Pakistan

0.489
0.536

108
121

148
149

Myanmar
Angola

0.413
..

150

Swaziland

151
152

Tanzania (United Republic of)

Nigeria

153
154

33.3
21.9
95.1
27.0
28.0
34.0
..
29.5

34.4
23.2
91.2
56.6
25.8
34.5
..
40.5

39.7
..
..

47.0
..
..

12.7
10.9

25.8
45.2

44.0
64.7

65.0

25.0

22.9

80.6
44.3
65.1

20.0
19.0
18.2

34.1
9.9
..

400

93.6

20.8

25.3

190
170

73.7
27.3

29.5
19.7

17.7
19.3

38.2
46.1

85
..

200
460

12.1
170.2

4.7
36.8

22.9
..

15.3
..

0.557

128

310

72.0

14.7

21.9

0.547
..

125
..

410
560

122.7
119.6

36.0
6.6

5.6
..

Cameroon
Madagascar

0.587
..

132
..

590
440

115.8
122.8

27.1
20.5

21.3
..

155
156
156
158
159
160
161
162

Zimbabwe
Mauritania
Solomon Islands
Papua New Guinea
Comoros
Yemen
Lesotho
Togo

0.504
0.610
..
0.611
..
0.744
0.541
0.588

112
139
..
140
..
155
124
134

470
320
130
220
350
270
490
450

60.3
73.3
64.9
62.1
51.1
47.0
89.4
91.5

35.1
22.2
2.0
2.7
3.0
0.7
26.8
17.6

48.7
8.3
..
7.6
..
8.6
21.9
16.1

163

Haiti

0.603

138

380

42.0

3.5

22.4

35.2

60.9

71.0

163
163

Rwanda
Uganda

0.400
0.538

80
122

320
360

33.6
126.6

57.5
35.0

8.0
22.9

8.8
33.5

86.4
75.8

85.3
79.2

166

Benin

0.614

142

340

90.2

8.4

11.3

27.0

67.6

78.3

167
168
169
170

Sudan
Djibouti
South Sudan
Senegal

0.591
..
..
0.528

135
..
..
118

360
230
730
320

84.0
18.6
75.3
94.4

23.8
12.7
24.3
42.7

12.1
..
..
7.2

18.2
..
..
15.4

31.3
36.3
..
66.0

76.0
67.7
..
88.0

171

Afghanistan

0.693

152

400

86.8

27.6

5.9

29.8

15.8

79.5

172
173
174

Cte d'Ivoire
Malawi
Ethiopia

0.679
0.611
0.558

151
140
129

720
510
420

130.3
144.8
78.4

9.2
16.7
25.5

14.0
11.1
7.8

30.1
21.6
18.2

52.4
84.6
78.2

81.4
81.5
89.3

175

Gambia

0.622

143

430

115.8

9.4

17.4

31.5

72.2

82.9

176

Congo (Democratic Republic of the)

0.673

149

730

135.3

8.2

12.8

32.4

70.7

73.2

177
178
179

Liberia
Guinea-Bissau
Mali

0.651
..
0.677

146
..
150

640
560
550

117.4
99.3
175.6

10.7
13.7
9.5

15.4
..
7.7

39.3
..
15.1

58.2
68.2
50.8

64.8
78.5
81.4

180

Mozambique

0.591

135

480

137.8

39.6

1.4

6.2

85.5

82.8

181
182
183

Sierra Leone
Guinea
Burkina Faso

0.650
..
0.631

145
..
144

1,100
650
400

100.7
131.0
115.4

12.4
21.9
13.3

10.0
..
0.9

21.7
..
3.2

65.7
65.6
77.1

69.0
78.3
90.0

184
185
186

Burundi
Chad
Eritrea

0.492
0.706
..

109
153
..

740
980
380

30.3
152.0
65.3

34.9
14.9
22.0

5.3
1.7
..

8.3
9.9
..

83.3
64.0
80.0

82.0
79.2
89.8

187

Central African Republic

0.655

147

880

98.3

12.5

10.1

26.7

72.6

85.1

188

Niger
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of)
Marshall Islands
Monaco
Nauru

0.713

154

630

204.8

13.3

2.4

7.8

40.0

89.7

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

87
..
..
..

0.6
..
..
..

16.3
3.0
20.8
5.3

..
..
..
..

72.2
..
..
..

84.2
..
..
..

..

54.7
49.3
58.9
27.0
42.8
66.7
24.6
13.5

63.7
88.2
77.1
79.9
82.9
77.2
50.8
72.7

61.5

80.0

68.5
..
80.7

73.0
..
92.2

73.1
67.3

85.6
71.4

37.0

76.3

79.1

41.3
22.9
..

57.4
78.8
45.3

84.1
86.5
77.8

62.2

72.4

79.9
24.6

87.1
82.9

75.2
63.3

82.3
76.9

26.0

43.9

71.6

9.5
..

88.1
48.2

90.2
63.7

34.9
..

63.8
86.6

..

31.4

62.0
20.9
..
14.5
..
26.7
19.0
40.3

..
..
..
..

83.2
28.7
53.4
70.5
35.2
25.4
59.0
80.6

76.8
90.5
j

89.7
79.1
79.0
74.0
80.1
72.2
73.5
81.3

San Marino
Somalia
Tuvalu

..
..
..

..
..
..

..
850
..

..
110.4
..

16.7
13.8
6.7

..
..
..

..
..
..

..
37.2
..

..
75.5
..

Human development groups

Very high human development
High human development
Medium human development
Low human development

0.199
0.310
0.506
0.583

18
41
168
461

19.0
28.8
43.4
92.1

26.5
20.6
18.8
20.5

86.2
60.6
34.8
14.8

87.9
69.5
55.3
28.3

52.1
57.0
37.5
57.2

68.7
77.2
79.8
79.1

Developing countries

0.478

225

51.5

20.2

44.2

58.4

49.5

78.7

Regions
Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa

0.537
0.328
0.300
0.415
0.536
0.575

155
72
28
85
183
506

45.4
21.2
30.8
68.3
38.7
109.7

14.0
18.7
19.0
27.0
17.5
22.5

34.7
54.7
70.8
54.3
29.1
22.1

47.6
66.3
80.6
55.2
54.6
31.5

23.2
62.6
45.6
53.7
29.8
65.4

75.3
79.4
70.0
79.8
80.3
76.6

Least developed countries

Small island developing states

0.566
0.474

439
220

97.0
61.5

20.4
22.8

17.2
51.1

26.4
55.1

65.7
53.0

82.6
73.3

Organisation for Economic Co-operation a

0.231

21

25.4

26.9

82.9

86.3

50.9

68.9

World

0.449

210

47.4

21.8

54.5

65.4

50.3

76.7

Notes
a. Modeled International Labour Organization estimates.
b. Data are annual average of projected values for 20102015.
c. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
d. Refers to population ages 2564.
e. Refers to population ages 2574.
f. Barro and Lee (2014) estimate for 2010 based on data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics.
g. For the purpose of calculating the Gender Inequality Index value, 0.1% was used.
h. Refers to 2013.
i. Excludes the 36 special rotating delegates appointed on an ad hoc basis.
j. Refers to 2012.
T. From original data source.
DEFINITIONS
Gender Inequality Index: A composite measure reflecting inequality in achievement between women and men in three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market. See Technical note 4 at http://hdr.undp.org/en for details on how the Gender
Inequality Index is calculated.
Maternal mortality ratio: Number of deaths due to pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births.
Adolescent birth rate: Number of births to women ages 1519 per 1,000 women ages 1519.
Share of seats in national parliament: Proportion of seats held by women in the national parliament expressed as percentage of total seats. For countries with bicameral legislative systems, the share of seats is calculated based on both houses.
Population with at least some secondary education: Percentage of the population ages 25 and older who have reached (but not necessarily completed) a secondary level of education.
Labour force participation rate: Proportion of a countrys working-age population (ages 15 and older) that engages in the labour market, either by working or actively looking for work, expressed as a percentage of the working-age population.
Main data sources
Column 1: HDRO calculations based on data in columns 39.
Column 2: Calculated based on data in column 1.
Column 3: UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Group (2014).
Column 4: UNDESA (2013a).
Column 5: IPU (2015).
Columns 6 and 7: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015).
Columns 8 and 9: ILO (2015a).

Table 6: Multidimensional Poverty Index: developing countries

Multidimensional pove
HDRO specifications

Year and survey

Country

20052014

Afghanistan
Albania
Argentina
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brazil
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Congo (Democratic Republic of the)
Cte d'Ivoire
Djibouti
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Ghana
Guinea

2010/2011 M
2008/2009 D
2005 N
2010 D
2006 D
2011 D
2012 M
2005 M
2011 M
2011/2012 D
2010 M
2008 D
2011/2012 M
2013 N
2010 D
2010 D
2010 D
2011 D
2010 M
2010 M
2012 N
2010 D
2012 D/M
2011/2012 D
2013/2014 D
2011/2012 D
2006 M
2013 D
2013/2014 N
2014 D
2011 D
2012 D
2013 D
2005 M
2011 M
2012 D/M

Index
Value
0.293
0.005
0.015
0.002
0.009
0.237
0.004
0.001
0.030
0.343
0.128
0.097
0.006
0.011
0.508
0.442
0.211
0.260
0.424
0.545
0.023
0.032
0.165
0.192
0.369
0.307
0.127
0.025
0.015
0.016
0.537
0.073
0.289
0.008
0.144
0.425

h
f,i

Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
India
Indonesia
Iraq
Jamaica
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Maldives
Mali
Mauritania
Mexico
Moldova (Republic of)
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Nepal
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Pakistan
Palestine, State of
Peru
Philippines
Rwanda
Saint Lucia
Sao Tome and Principe
Senegal
Serbia
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Suriname

2006 M
2009 D
2012 D
2011/2012 D
2005/2006 D
2012 D
2011 M
2010 N
2012 D
2010/2011 M
2008/2009 D
2012 D
2011/2012 M
2009 D
2013 D
2007 N
2008/2009 D
2010 D
2009 D
2012/2013 D
2011 M
2012 N
2012 M
2010 M
2013 M
2011 N
2011 D
2013 D
2011 D
2011/2012 D
2012 D
2013 D
2012/2013 D
2010 M
2012 D
2013 D
2010 D
2012 M
2008/2009 D
2014 D
2014 M
2013 D
2006 M
2012 N
2010 M
2010 M
2010 M

0.495
0.031
0.242
0.098
0.282
0.024
0.052
0.014
0.004
0.004
0.226
0.006
0.186
0.227
0.356
0.005
0.420
0.332
0.008
0.456
0.291
0.024
0.004
0.047
0.002
0.069
0.390
0.205
0.197
0.088
0.584
0.279
0.237
0.007
0.043
0.033
0.352
0.003
0.217
0.278
0.002
0.411
0.500
0.041
0.551
0.290
0.033

h,i

f,l

Swaziland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania (United Republic of)
Thailand
The former Yugoslav Republic of M
Timor-Leste
Togo
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Uganda
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Viet Nam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe

2010 M
2009 N
2012 D
2010 D
2005/2006 M
2011 M
2009/2010 D
2013/2014 D
2006 M
2011/2012 M
2011 D
2012 M
2006 M
2007 M
2010/2011 M
2013 D
2013/2014 D
2014 M

0.113
0.028
0.031
0.335
0.004
0.007
0.322
0.242
0.007
0.006
0.359
0.001
0.013
0.135
0.026
0.200
0.264
0.128

Notes
a. D indicates data from Demographic and Health Surveys, M indicates data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys
b. Not all indicators were available for all countries, so caution should be used in cross-country comparisons. Where
c. The HDRO specifications refer to somewhat modified definitions of deprivations in some indicators compared to t
d. Based on a methodology from Alkire and Santos 2010.
e. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
f. Missing indicators on nutrition.
g. Refers to urban areas only.
h. Missing indicator on child mortality.
i. Missing indicator on type of floor.
j. Missing indicator on cooking fuel.
k. Missing indicator on electricity.
l. Missing indicator on school attendance.

Definitions
Multidimensional Poverty Index: Percentage of the population that is multidimensionally poor adjusted by the inte
Multidimensional poverty headcount: Percentage of the population with a weighted deprivation score of at least 3
Intensity of deprivation of multidimensional poverty: Average percentage of deprivation experienced by people
Population near multidimensional poverty: Percentage of the population at risk of suffering multiple deprivations
Population in severe poverty: Percentage of the population in severe multidimensional povertythat is, those with
Contribution of deprivation to overall poverty: Percentage of the Multidimensional Poverty Index attributed to de
Population below national poverty line: Percentage of the population living below the national poverty line, which
Population below PPP $1.25 a day: Percentage of the population living below the international poverty line $1.25 (
Main data sources
Column 1: Refers to the year and the survey whose data were used to calculate the values in columns 2-12.

Columns 2 - 3 and 6-12: HDRO calculations based on data on household deprivations in education, health and livin
Columns 4 and 5: Alkire and Robles (2015).
Columns 13 and 14: World Bank (2015a).

Multidimensional poverty index

DRO specifications

Headcount
(%)
58.8
1.2
3.7
0.6
2.4
49.5
1.2
0.4
7.4
64.2
29.4
20.6
1.7
2.9
82.8
81.8
46.8
48.2
76.3
86.9
5.2
7.6
34.3
43.0
72.5
59.3
26.9
6.0
3.7
4.2
88.2
16.7
57.2
2.2
30.5
73.8

2010 specifications

Index

Headcount

Value
f

0.353
0.005
0.011
0.001
0.021
0.253
0.003
0.000
0.018
0.307
0.119
0.089
0.002

(%)
66.2
1.4
2.9
0.3
5.3
51.3
0.9
0.0
4.6
62.2
27.2
20.5
0.5

Headcount

f,i

0.535
0.454
0.212
0.248
0.430
0.554
0.023
0.022
0.173
0.181
0.401
0.310
0.139
0.020
0.013
0.014
0.564
0.070
0.323
0.003
0.139
0.459

84.0
80.8
45.9
46.0
77.6
87.2
5.2
5.4
36.0
39.7
75.1
58.7
29.3
5.1
3.5
3.6
87.3
16.5
60.4
0.8
30.4
75.1

Population in multidimensional povert

(thousands)
17,116
38
1,438
18
210
75,610
3
41
23
6,455
211
2,022
65
5,738
12,875
7,553
6,721
10,187
3,320
10,186
71,939
3,534
247
1,866
50,312
11,772
212
620
588
3,491
78,887
273
1,058
99
7,559
8,456

h
f,i

80.4
7.8
50.2
20.7
55.3
5.9
13.3
3.7
1.2
1.1
48.2
1.8
36.8
49.5
70.1
1.4
77.0
66.7
2.0
78.4
55.6
6.0
1.1
11.1
0.5
15.6
70.2
44.9
41.4
19.4
89.8
50.9
45.6
1.9
10.4
6.3
70.8
0.8
47.5
51.9
0.4
77.5
81.8
10.3
89.3
53.1
7.6

h,i

f,l

0.462
0.030
0.248
0.072
0.283
0.066
0.045
0.008
0.006
0.001
0.229
0.007
0.174
0.156
0.374
0.006
0.357
0.334
0.018
0.457
0.285
0.011
0.003
0.037
0.001
0.067
0.389
0.193
0.217
0.072
0.605
0.303
0.230
0.006
0.043
0.052
0.350
0.003
0.154
0.309
0.001
0.464
0.514
0.044
0.557
0.321
0.024

h,i

77.5
7.7
49.4
15.8
53.7
15.5
11.6
2.0
1.7
0.2
47.8
2.0
34.1
35.3
71.2

h,i

1.5

f,l

66.9
66.7
5.2
77.7
52.2
2.8
0.8
9.2
0.3
15.4
69.6
42.0
44.2
16.1
89.3
53.2
44.2
1.5
10.5
11.0
69.0
1.0
34.5
56.9
0.2
81.0
81.2
11.1
91.1
57.8
5.9

f,l

1,168
61
5,104
1,642
631,999
14,574
4,236
102
85
173
19,190
96
2,447
984
3,010
79
15,774
10,012
6
11,998
2,060
7,272
38
302
3
5,016
17,246
1,034
11,255
1,146
15,408
88,425
83,045
75
3,132
6,221
7,669
2
82
7,556
41
4,724
7,104
5,400
8,877
18,916
40

h,i

f,l

25.9
7.2
7.9
66.4
1.0
1.7
64.3
48.5
1.7
1.5
70.3
0.4
3.5
31.2
6.4
40.0
54.4
28.9

0.086
0.016
0.054
0.332
0.006
0.002
0.360
0.252
0.020
0.004
0.367
0.004
0.008
0.129
0.017
0.281
0.127

20.4
4.4

13.2
65.6
1.6
0.7
68.1
50.1
5.6
1.2
69.9
1.2
2.3
30.1
4.2
56.6
29.7

309
1,519
629
29,842
664
36
694
3,394
23
161
24,712
162
935
69
5,796
9,754
8,173
4,222

from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and N indicates data from national surveys (see http://hdr.undp.org for the list of nationa
d in cross-country comparisons. Where an indicator is missing, weights of available indicators are adjusted to total 100%. See
ations in some indicators compared to the 2010 specifications. See Technical note 5 for details.

dimensionally poor adjusted by the intensity of the deprivations. See Technical note 5 for details on how the Multidimensional P
weighted deprivation score of at least 33 percent. It is also expressed in thousands of the population in the survey year.
e of deprivation experienced by people in multidimensional poverty.
at risk of suffering multiple deprivationsthat is, those with a deprivation score of 2033 percent.
dimensional povertythat is, those with a deprivation score of 50 percent or more.
ensional Poverty Index attributed to deprivations in each dimension.
g below the national poverty line, which is the poverty line deemed appropriate for a country by its authorities. National estimate
ow the international poverty line $1.25 (in purchasing power parity terms) a day.

ate the values in columns 2-12.

privations in education, health and living standards from various household surveys listed in column 1 using revised methodolog

in multidimensional poverty

Population near
multidimensional
poverty

Population in
severe
multidimensional
poverty

Contribution of deprivation in dim

Intensity of
deprivation
(%)
49.9
38.3
39.1
37.0
38.2
47.8
33.7
34.5
41.2
53.3
43.5
47.0
37.3
40.2
61.3
54.0
45.1
54.1
55.6
62.7
43.3
42.2
48.1
44.7
50.8
51.7
47.3
41.6
39.6
37.4
60.9
43.4
50.5
37.6
47.3
57.6

(%)

h
f,i

(%)
16.0
7.2
5.2
3.0
11.5
18.8
0.3
1.1
6.4
16.9
18.0
17.3
3.2
7.2
7.6
12.0
20.4
17.8
15.7
8.8
22.7
10.2
23.1
26.2
18.5
17.9
16.0
20.6
8.4
5.6
6.7
19.9
21.3
4.1
18.7
12.7

h
f,i

(%)
29.8
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.2
21.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
37.7
8.8
7.8
0.0
0.4
63.8
48.2
16.4
27.1
48.5
67.6
1.0
1.8
14.9
12.2
36.7
32.4
11.1
1.0
0.5
0.4
67.0
4.4
31.7
0.1
12.1
49.8

h
f,i

Education
45.6
22.4
38.2
3.4
20.0
28.4
1.5
2.6
36.2
33.1
40.3
21.9
7.8
27.6
39.0
25.0
25.9
24.5
23.8
32.3
30.0
34.3
29.1
10.6
15.6
36.5
36.1
28.4
23.6
45.6
27.4
15.2
32.9
7.4
27.7
36.6

h
f,i

61.6
40.0
48.1
47.4
51.1
41.3
39.4
38.8
35.3
36.4
47.0
36.9
50.5
45.9
50.8
37.5
54.6
49.8
37.5
58.2
52.4
39.9
38.4
42.5
38.9
44.3
55.6
45.5
47.4
45.6
65.0
54.8
52.0
37.4
41.4
51.9
49.7
34.5
45.5
53.5
40.6
53.0
61.1
39.6
61.7
54.6
43.1

h,i

f,l

10.5
18.8
22.2
28.6
18.2
8.1
7.4
9.1
1.0
2.3
29.1
10.7
18.5
20.4
21.5
6.3
11.7
24.5
8.5
10.8
16.8
10.1
2.2
19.3
2.0
12.6
14.8
19.3
18.1
14.8
5.9
18.4
14.9
6.2
12.3
8.4
17.9
0.9
21.5
18.1
2.7
14.6
8.3
17.1
8.5
17.9
4.7

h,i

f,l

58.4
1.2
20.1
7.2
27.8
1.1
2.5
0.5
0.1
0.0
15.7
0.1
18.8
18.2
35.4
0.1
48.0
29.8
0.1
55.9
29.9
1.1
0.1
2.3
0.0
4.9
44.1
13.4
18.6
6.9
73.5
30.0
26.5
0.1
2.1
4.2
34.6
0.0
16.4
30.8
0.1
43.9
63.6
1.3
69.6
31.9
2.0

h,i

f,l

30.5
16.8
24.8
36.6
22.7
24.7
50.1
7.7
31.5
4.3
11.2
6.6
37.7
14.8
23.0
31.9
31.6
18.9
27.8
37.9
34.5
31.4
11.0
18.1
22.0
44.8
30.4
11.0
27.3
37.8
35.9
29.8
36.2
13.9
19.4
35.3
23.8
15.8
29.1
43.6
30.7
25.7
33.7
8.4
39.3
30.4
31.0

h,i

f,l

43.5
39.1
39.0
50.4
38.8
38.4
50.1
49.9
38.0
39.3
51.1
34.5
36.6
43.1
40.7
50.1
48.6
44.1

20.5
7.4
23.4
21.5
4.4
2.4
21.4
19.9
0.5
3.2
20.6
0.0
6.2
32.6
8.7
22.4
23.1
29.3

7.4
1.3
1.2
32.1
0.1
0.1
31.5
23.2
0.2
0.2
33.3
0.0
0.1
7.3
1.3
19.4
22.5
7.8

13.7
54.7
13.4
16.9
19.4
18.5
20.0
26.4
2.2
33.7
18.0
19.0
3.7
24.4
35.9
29.5
17.9
10.8

undp.org for the list of national surveys).

adjusted to total 100%. See Technical note 5 at http://hdr.undp.org for details.

n how the Multidimensional Poverty Index is calculated.

on in the survey year.

authorities. National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys.

n 1 using revised methodology described in Technical note 5.

Population living below income poverty

line
(%)

tion of deprivation in dimension to overall poverty

National poverty
line

(%)
Health
19.2
47.1
27.8
87.8
50.7
26.6
95.9
89.7
34.8
24.8
26.3
27.9
79.5
40.7
22.5
26.3
27.7
31.3
26.2
22.5
36.6
24.7
25.9
32.8
31.0
25.8
22.7
39.6
42.4
46.7
25.2
43.8
30.9
67.4
27.1
22.8

h
f,i

Living standards
35.2
30.5
34.0
8.7
29.3
44.9
2.6
7.7
29.0
42.1
33.4
50.2
12.7
31.7
38.5
48.8
46.4
44.2
50.0
45.2
33.4
41.0
45.0
56.6
53.4
37.7
41.2
32.0
34.0
7.8
47.4
40.9
36.2
25.2
45.2
40.6

20042014
f

h
f,i

35.8
14.3
..
32.0
5.3
31.5
..
5.5
..
36.2
12.0
45.0
17.9
8.9
46.7
66.9
17.7
39.9
62.0
46.7
..
30.6
44.8
46.5
63.6
42.7
..
41.1
22.5
25.2
29.6
32.7
48.4
14.8
24.2
55.2

PPP $1.25 a day

e

20022012

..
0.5
1.4
1.8
0.3
43.3
..
0.0
..
51.6
2.4
8.0
0.0
3.8
44.5
81.3
10.1
27.6
62.8
36.5
6.3
5.6
46.1
32.8
87.7
35.0
18.8
2.3
4.0
1.7
36.8
6.1
33.6
14.1
28.6
40.9

27.9
51.2
23.4
23.1
32.5
35.1
38.6
59.3
65.0
83.9
32.4
70.5
25.4
33.8
25.6
47.9
24.5
27.7
60.2
22.4
20.3
25.6
66.9
27.7
59.9
21.8
22.3
39.2
28.2
12.6
24.0
29.8
32.3
68.8
29.8
30.2
27.2
65.2
26.5
23.1
40.7
28.5
18.8
61.4
14.3
20.7
37.2

h,i

f,l

41.6
32.0
51.8
40.3
44.8
40.2
11.3
33.0
3.5
11.8
56.4
22.9
36.9
51.4
51.4
20.2
43.9
53.4
11.9
39.7
45.3
43.0
22.1
54.2
18.1
33.4
47.3
49.8
44.5
49.6
40.0
40.4
31.6
17.3
50.8
34.5
49.0
19.0
44.4
33.4
28.7
45.9
47.5
30.2
46.3
48.9
31.8

h,i

f,l

69.3
..
58.5
64.5
21.9
11.3
18.9
19.9
14.4
2.9
45.9
37.0
23.2
57.1
63.8
..
75.3
50.7
..
43.6
42.0
52.3
12.7
27.4
11.3
8.9
54.7
28.7
25.2
42.5
48.9
46.0
22.3
25.8
23.9
25.2
44.9
..
61.7
46.7
24.6
52.9
..
53.8
50.6
46.5
..

48.9
..
..
16.5
23.6
16.2
3.9
0.2
0.1
0.1
43.4
5.1
30.3
56.2
83.8
..
87.7
72.2
1.5
50.6
23.4
1.0
0.2
..
0.2
2.57
60.7
23.5
23.7
8.5
40.8
62.0
12.7
0.1
2.9
19.0
63.0
..
43.5
34.1
0.1
56.6
..
9.4
..
19.8
..

41.0
34.0
52.6
28.2
51.3
57.2
30.4
28.8
86.1
48.2
30.2
77.5
83.4
24.1
25.7
32.2
29.8
34.5

45.3
11.3
34.0
54.9
29.4
24.3
49.6
44.9
11.7
18.1
51.9
3.5
12.8
51.6
38.4
38.2
52.3
54.8

63.0
35.2
47.2
28.2
12.6
27.1
49.9
58.7
..
15.5
19.5
8.4
16.0
..
17.2
34.8
60.5
72.3

39.3
1.7
6.5
43.5
0.3
0.3
34.9
52.5
..
0.7
37.8
0.0
..
..
2.4
9.8
74.3
..

Table 7: Multidimensional Poverty Index: changes over time

Year and
survey
Country

20052014

Multidimensional
Poverty Index

HDRO
specifications

Value

Bangladesh

2011 D

0.237

Bangladesh

2007 D

0.294

Belize

2011 M

0.030

Belize

2006 M

0.028

Benin

2011/2012 D

0.343

Benin

2006 D

0.401

Bosnia and Herzegovina

2011/2012 M

0.006

Bosnia and Herzegovina

2006 M

0.013

Brazil

2013 N

0.011

f,g

Brazil

2012 N

0.012

f,g

Brazil

2006 N

0.017

Burkina Faso

2010 D

0.508

Burkina Faso

2006 M

0.538

Burundi

2010 D

0.442

Burundi

2005 M

0.485

Cambodia

2010 D

0.211

Cambodia

2005 D

0.282

Cameroon

2011 D

0.260

Cameroon

2006 M

0.304

Central African Republic

2010 M

0.424

Central African Republic

2006 M

China

0.464

2012 N

0.023

China

2009 N

0.026

Congo

2011/2012 D

0.192

Congo

2009 D

0.154

Congo (Democratic Republic of the)

2013/2014 D

0.369

Congo (Democratic Republic of the)

2010 M

0.399

Cote d'Ivoire

2011/2012 D

0.307

Cote d'Ivoire

2005 D

0.269

Dominican Republic

2013 D

0.025

f,h

Dominican Republic

2007 D

0.026

Ecuador

2013/2014 N

0.015

Ecuador

2006 N

0.043

Egypt

2014 D

0.016

Egypt

2008 D

0.036

Gambia
Gambia

2013 D
2005/2006 M

0.289
0.329

Ghana

2011 M

0.144

Ghana

2008 D

0.186

Guinea

2012 D/M

0.425

Guinea

2005 D

0.548

Guyana

2009 D

0.031

Guyana

2007 M

0.032

Haiti

2012 D

0.242

Haiti

2005/2006 D

0.315

Honduras

2011/2012 D

0.098

Honduras

2005/2006 D

0.156

Indonesia

2012 D

0.024

Indonesia

2007 D

0.043

Iraq

2011 M

0.052

Iraq

2006 M

0.077

Jordan

2012 D

0.004

Jordan

2009 D

0.004

Kazakhstan

2010/2011 M

0.004

Kazakhstan

2006 M

0.007

Kyrgyzstan

2012 D

0.006

Kyrgyzstan

2005/2006 M

0.013

Lao People's Democratic Republic

2011/2012 M

0.186

Lao People's Democratic Republic

2006 M

0.320

Liberia

2013 D

0.356

Liberia

2007 D

0.459

Mali

2012/2013 D

0.456

Mali

2006 D

0.533

Mauritania

2011 M

0.291

Mauritania

2007 M

0.362

Mexico

2012 N

0.024

Mexico

2006 N

0.028

Moldova (Republic of)

2012 M

0.004

Moldova (Republic of)

2005 D

0.005

Mongolia

2010 M

0.047

Mongolia

2005 M

0.077

Montenegro

2013 M

0.002

Montenegro

2005/2006 M

0.012

Mozambique

2011 D

0.390

Mozambique

2009 D

0.395

Namibia

2013 D

0.205

Namibia

2006/2007 D

0.200

Nepal

2011 D

0.197

Nepal

2006 D

0.314

Nicaragua

2011/2012 D

0.088

Nicaragua

2006/2007 D

0.137

Niger

2012 D

0.584

Niger

2006 D

0.677

Nigeria

2013 D

0.279

Nigeria

2011 M

0.239

Nigeria

2008 D

0.294

Pakistan

2012/2013 D

0.237

Pakistan

2006/2007 D

0.218

Palestine (State of)

2010 M

0.007

Palestine (State of)

2006/2007 N

0.007

Peru

2012 D

0.043

Peru

2011 D

0.051

Peru

2010 D

0.056

Peru

2008 D

0.069

Philippines

2013 D

0.033

f,k

Philippines

2008 D

0.038

f,k

Rwanda

2010 D

0.352

Rwanda

2005 D

0.481

Senegal

2014 D

0.278

Senegal

2012/2013 D

0.296

Senegal

2010/2011 D

0.390

Senegal

2005 D

0.436

Serbia

2014 M

0.002

Serbia

2010 M

0.001

Serbia

2005/2006 M

0.011

Sierra Leone

2013 D

0.411

Sierra Leone

2010 M

0.405

Sierra Leone

2008 D

0.451

South Africa

2012 N

0.041

South Africa

2008 N

0.039

Suriname

2010 M

0.033

Suriname

2006 M

0.044

Syrian Arab Republic

2009 N

0.028

Syrian Arab Republic

2006 M

0.024

Tajikistan

2012 D

0.031

Tajikistan

2005 M

0.059

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

2011 M

0.007

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

2005 M

0.013

Togo

2013/2014 D

0.242

Togo

2010 M

0.260

Togo

2006 M

0.277

Uganda

2011 D

0.359

Uganda

2006 D

0.399

Ukraine

2012 M

0.001

Ukraine
Yemen
Yemen

2007 D
2013 D
2006 M

0.002
0.200
0.191

Zambia

2013/2014 D

0.264

Zambia

2007 D

0.318

Zimbabwe

2014 M

0.128

Zimbabwe

2010/2011 D

0.181

Zimbabwe

2006 D

0.193

Notes
a. D indicates data from Demographic and Health Surveys, M indicates data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys
b. Not all indicators were available for all countries, so caution should be used in cross-country comparisons. Where
c. The HDRO specifications refer to somewhat modified definitions of deprivations in some indicators compared to t
d. Missing indicator on child mortality.
e. The estimates based on national household surveys that refer to different years are not necessarily comparable. C
f. Missing indicators on nutrition.
g. Missing indicator on type of floor.
h. Missing indicator on cooking fuel.
i. Refers to only part of the country (nine provinces).
j. Missing indicator on electricity.
k. Missing indicator on school attendance.

DEFINITIONS
Multidimensional Poverty Index: Percentage of the population that is multidimensionally poor adjusted by the intensity of the
Multidimensional poverty headcount: Population with a weighted deprivation score of at least 33 percent.

Intensity of deprivation of multidimensional poverty: Average percentage of deprivation experienced by people in multidime

Population near multidimensional poverty: Percentage of the population at risk of suffering multiple deprivationsthat is, th

Population in severe poverty: Percentage of the population in severe multidimensional povertythat is, those with a deprivat

Contribution of deprivation in dimension to overall poverty: Percentage of the Multidimensional Poverty Index attributed to

Main data sources

Column 1: Refers to the year and the survey whose data were used to calculate the values in columns 210.
Columns 210: HDRO calculations based on data on household deprivations in education, health and living standar

Population in multidimensional poverty

Population near
multidimensional
poverty

Intensity of
deprivation

Headcount
(%)

(thousands)

(%)

(%)

49.5

75,610

47.8

18.8

59.5

87,185

49.3

18.7

7.4

23

41.2

6.4

6.9

19

40.8

6.5

64.2

6,455

53.3

16.9

69.8

5,897

57.4

18.8

1.7

65

37.3

3.2

3.5

134

38.1

5.3

2.9

f,g

5,738

f,g

40.2

f,g

7.2

f,g

3.1

f,g

6,083

f,g

40.8

f,g

7.4

f,g

4.0

7,578

41.4

11.2

82.8

12,875

61.3

7.6

85.2

11,775

63.2

6.9

81.8
87.9

7,553
f

6,833

54.0
f

55.2

12.0
f

8.5

46.8

6,721

45.1

20.4

58.0

7,746

48.7

17.5

48.2
51.8

10,187
d

76.3

3,320

80.5
5.2
6.0

43.0

71,939
80,784

1,308

12.1

43.3

22.7

43.4

19.0

47.1

26.2
f

29.9

72.5

50,312

50.8

18.5

74.4

46,278

53.7

15.5

59.3

11,772

51.7

17.9

50.0
6.0

f,h

8,693
620

f,h

44.7
f

14.0
15.7

57.7
g

1,866
f

58.7

17.8
d

55.6

3,245
g

32.7

9,644

54.1
d

53.9
41.6

f,h

22.7
20.6

f,h

6.2

599

41.9

10.8

3.7

588

39.6

8.4

10.6

1,486

4.2

8.9

40.9

3,491

6,740

9.4

37.4

5.6

40.3

8.6

57.2
60.8

1,058
901

50.5
54.1

21.3
15.7

30.5

7,559

47.3

18.7

39.2

9,057

47.4

20.3

73.8

8,456

57.6

12.7

86.5

8,283

63.4

7.7

7.8

61

40.0

18.8

7.9

61

40.1

10.7

50.2

5,104

48.1

22.2

59.3

5,566

20.7

31.5

53.2

1,642

2,214

5.9

10.1

18.1

47.4

28.6

49.6

26.6

14,574

41.3

8.1

23,432

42.4

15.4

13.3

4,236

39.4

7.4

18.5

5,182

41.8

15.0

1.2

85

35.3

1.0

1.0

64

36.8

4.1

1.1

173

36.4

2.3

1.8

277

38.5

4.7

1.8

96

36.9

10.7

3.4

173

37.9

10.1

36.8
55.0

2,447
d

3,242

50.5
d

58.3

18.5
d

11.1

70.1

3,010

50.8

21.5

81.9

2,883

56.1

12.9

78.4

11,998

58.2

10.8

85.6

10,545

62.4

7.8

55.6

2,060

52.4

16.8

66.0

2,197

54.9

12.8

6.0

7,272

39.9

10.1

6.9

7,779

40.9

10.7

1.1

38

38.4

2.2

1.3

49

38.8

5.2

11.1

302

42.5

19.3

18.3

462

42.0

19.0

0.5

38.9

2.0

3.0

70.2
70.0

19

17,246
f

16,343

40.1

55.6
f

56.5

1.3
14.8

14.7

44.9

1,034

45.5

19.3

42.1

876

47.5

22.6

41.4

11,255

47.4

18.1

62.1

15,910

50.6

15.5

19.4

1,146

45.6

14.8

27.9

1,561

49.2

15.3

89.8

15,408

65.0

5.9

93.4

12,774

72.5

3.4

50.9

88,425

54.8

18.4

43.3

71,014

55.2

17.0

53.8

81,357

54.7

18.2

45.6
43.5

83,045
f

71,378

52.0
f

50.0

14.9
f

13.2

1.9

75

37.4

6.2

2.0

74

36.9

7.4

10.4

3,132

41.4

12.3

12.2

3,607

42.2

12.3

13.2

3,859

42.1

14.3

16.1

4,605

42.7

15.1

6.3

f,k

6,221

f,k

51.9

f,k

8.4

f,k

7.3

f,k

6,559

f,k

51.9

f,k

12.2

f,k

70.8

7,669

49.7

17.9

86.5

8,155

55.6

9.7

51.9

7,556

53.5

18.1

54.8

7,744

54.0

17.8

69.4

9,247

56.2

14.4

71.1

8,018

61.3

11.7

0.4

41

40.6

2.7

0.3

25

39.9

3.1

3.0

296

38.3

3.8

77.5

4,724

53.0

14.6

72.7

4,180

55.8

16.7

79.7

4,409

56.6

12.5

10.3

5,400

39.6

17.1

9.4

4,701

41.5

21.4

7.6

40

43.1

4.7

9.2

46

47.4

6.3

7.2

1,519

39.1

7.4

6.4

1,197

38.0

7.7

7.9

629

39.0

23.4

14.7
1.7

1,002
d

36

39.8
d

38.4

18.6
d

2.4

3.0

64

42.2

7.1

48.5

3,394

49.9

19.9

50.9

3,207

51.2

20.3

53.1

3,021

52.2

20.3

70.3

24,712

51.1

20.6

74.5

22,131

53.6

18.2

0.4

162

34.5

0.0

0.6
40.0
37.5

264
9,754
7,741

34.3
50.1
50.9

0.2
22.4
16.7

54.4

8,173

48.6

23.1

62.8

7,600

50.7

18.7

28.9

4,222

44.1

29.3

41.0

5,482

44.1

24.9

42.4

5,399

45.4

22.8

ndicator Cluster Surveys and N indicates data from national surveys (see http://hdr.undp.org for the list of national surveys).
try comparisons. Where an indicator is missing, weights of available indicators are adjusted to total 100%. See
ndicators compared to the 2010 specifications. See Technical note 5 for details..

ecessarily comparable. Caution should be used in comparing estimates over time.

sted by the intensity of the deprivations. See Technical note 5 for details on how the Multidimensional Poverty Index is calculated.

ced by people in multidimensional poverty.

le deprivationsthat is, those with a deprivation score of 2033 percent.

at is, those with a deprivation score of 50 percent or more.

Poverty Index attributed to deprivation in each dimension.

n columns 210.
health and living standards from various household surveys listed in column 1 using the revised methodology described in Tech

Population in
severe poverty

Contribution of deprivation in dimension to

overall poverty

(%)
(%)

Education

Health

Living
standards

21.0

28.4

26.6

44.9

27.2

26.0

26.5

47.5

1.5

36.2

34.8

29.0

1.2

13.8

52.6

33.6

37.7

33.1

24.8

42.1

45.7

35.0

24.9

40.1

0.0

7.8

79.5

12.7

0.1

7.9

76.3

15.8

0.4

f,g

27.6

f,g

40.7

f,g

31.7

f,g

0.5

f,g

27.7

f,g

38.4

f,g

33.9

f,g

0.7

41.4

20.4

38.2

63.8

39.0

22.5

38.5

67.1

38.0

22.3

39.6

48.2
53.5

25.0
f

37.8

26.3
f

11.1

48.8
f

51.1

16.4

25.9

27.7

46.4

26.4

29.0

26.3

44.7

27.1
35.9

24.5
d

48.5

23.8

54.5
1.0
1.3

12.2

30.0
21.0

16.2

45.6

36.6

33.4

44.4

34.6

25.6

56.6
f

58.2

36.7

15.6

31.0

53.4

46.2

18.5

25.5

55.9

32.4

36.5

25.8

37.7

26.7
1.0

f,h

42.8
28.4

f,h

32.8
f

43.5
50.0

24.3
g

10.6
f

31.7

44.2
d

26.2

30.2
g

15.1

24.8

31.3
d

20.8
39.6

f,h

36.5
32.0

f,h

1.4

36.2

30.4

33.3

0.5

23.6

42.4

34.0

2.1

22.2

0.4

1.5

44.3

45.6

41.8

33.5

46.7

7.8

45.6

12.6

31.7
35.9

32.9
34.0

30.9
30.5

36.2
35.5

12.1

27.7

27.1

45.2

15.4

26.5

28.5

45.0

49.8

36.6

22.8

40.6

68.6

34.4

22.3

43.3

1.2

16.8

51.2

32.0

1.5

16.9

44.8

38.3

20.1

24.8

23.4

51.8

32.8

28.8

7.2

13.3

22.8

36.6

38.4

1.1

2.3

48.5

23.1

40.3

22.6

39.0

24.7

35.1

40.2

30.4

21.0

48.7

2.5

50.1

38.6

11.3

4.3

45.7

33.9

20.4

0.1

31.5

65.0

3.5

0.1

33.7

56.3

10.0

0.0

4.3

83.9

11.8

0.2

5.5

73.4

21.2

0.1

6.6

70.5

22.9

0.3

5.0

63.9

31.2

18.8
35.2

37.7
d

32.3

25.4
d

32.6

36.9
d

35.2

35.4

23.0

25.6

51.4

52.8

30.4

21.8

47.8

55.9

37.9

22.4

39.7

66.8

37.4

22.6

40.1

29.9

34.5

20.3

45.3

42.3

33.5

18.2

48.3

1.1

31.4

25.6

43.0

1.6

32.0

29.0

39.0

0.1

11.0

66.9

22.1

0.2

17.7

46.6

35.6

2.3

18.1

27.7

54.2

4.2

13.5

35.7

50.8

0.0

22.0

59.9

18.1

0.5

44.1
43.2

21.0

30.4
f

31.3

63.8

22.3
f

20.3

15.3
47.3

48.4

13.4

11.0

39.2

49.8

15.7

14.8

33.4

51.8

18.6

27.3

28.2

44.5

31.6

26.0

28.0

46.0

6.9

37.8

12.6

49.6

12.9

38.1

12.3

49.7

73.5

35.9

24.0

40.0

86.1

35.2

24.5

40.3

30.0

29.8

29.8

40.4

25.7

26.9

32.6

40.4

31.4

27.2

30.8

42.0

26.5
21.7

36.2
f

43.0

32.3
f

19.7

31.6
f

37.3

0.1

13.9

68.8

17.3

0.1

16.6

72.3

11.1

2.1

19.4

29.8

50.8

2.8

20.2

29.0

50.8

3.1

18.3

30.3

51.4

3.9

17.9

29.1

53.0

4.2

f,k

35.3

f,k

30.2

f,k

34.5

f,k

5.0

f,k

37.1

f,k

25.7

f,k

37.2

f,k

34.6

23.8

27.2

49.0

60.4

23.3

22.3

54.4

30.8

43.6

23.1

33.4

32.6

41.8

23.6

34.5

45.1

36.7

33.1

30.2

51.6

38.4

26.1

35.5

0.1

30.7

40.7

28.7

0.0

24.7

48.6

26.7

0.3

18.1

60.1

21.8

43.9

25.7

28.5

45.9

46.4

24.2

28.3

47.4

51.7

32.0

22.7

45.3

1.3

8.4

61.4

30.2

1.4

13.4

45.6

41.1

2.0

31.0

37.2

31.8

3.6

36.7

21.1

42.2

1.3

54.7

34.0

11.3

0.9

44.4

43.1

12.5

1.2

13.4

52.6

34.0

2.3
0.1

11.0
d

18.5

57.3
d

57.2

31.7
d

24.3

0.7

50.7

22.3

27.0

23.2

26.4

28.8

44.9

26.4

28.9

25.0

46.1

28.8

31.4

23.2

45.4

33.3

18.0

30.2

51.9

41.5

17.1

30.4

52.5

0.0

19.0

77.5

3.5

0.0
19.4
18.4

1.0
29.5
33.4

95.1
32.2
21.3

3.8
38.2
45.3

22.5

17.9

29.8

52.3

31.3

16.3

29.4

54.3

7.8

10.8

34.5

54.8

12.2

7.8

37.9

54.3

15.7

11.5

29.6

58.9

r the list of national surveys).

total 100%. See Technical note 5 at http://hdr.undp.org for details.

overty Index is calculated.

d methodology described in Technical note 5.

Table 8: Population trends

Population

HDI rank Country

Total

Average annual growth

(millions)

(%)

2014

1
2
3
4
5
6
6
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

d
Norway
5.1
e
Australia
23.6
Switzerland
8.2
Denmark
5.6
Netherlands
16.8
Germany
82.7
Ireland
4.7
United States
322.6
Canada
35.5
New Zealand
4.6
Singapore
5.5
Hong Kong, China (SAR)
7.3
Liechtenstein
0.0
Sweden
9.6
United Kingdom
63.5
Iceland
0.3
Korea (Republic of)
49.5
Israel
7.8
Luxembourg
0.5
Japan
127.0
Belgium
11.1
France
64.6
Austria
8.5
f
Finland
5.4
Slovenia
2.1
g
Spain
47.1
Italy
61.1
Czech Republic
10.7

2030

5.8
28.3
9.5
6.0
17.3
79.6
5.3
362.6
40.6
5.2
6.6
7.9
0.0
10.7
68.6
0.4
52.2
9.6
0.6
120.6
11.7
69.3
9.0
5.6
2.1
48.2
61.2
11.1

2000/2005

0.6
1.3
0.7
0.3
0.6
0.1
1.8
0.9
1.0
1.4
2.7
0.2
1.0
0.4
0.5
1.1
0.5
1.9
1.0
0.2
0.5
0.7
0.5
0.3
0.1
1.5
0.6
0.0

2010/2015

1.0
1.3
1.0
0.4
0.3
-0.1
1.1
0.8
1.0
1.0
2.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6
1.1
0.5
1.3
1.3
-0.1
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.4

29
30
31
32
32
34
35
36
37
37
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
50
52
52
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
60
62
63
64
64
66
67
67

Greece
Estonia
Brunei Darussalam
h
Cyprus
Qatar
Andorra
Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Malta
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
United Arab Emirates
Chile
Portugal
Hungary
Bahrain
Latvia
Croatia
Kuwait
Montenegro
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Belarus
Russian Federation
Oman
Romania
Uruguay
Bahamas
Kazakhstan
Barbados
Antigua and Barbuda
Bulgaria
Palau
Panama
i
Malaysia
j
Mauritius
Seychelles
Trinidad and Tobago
k
Serbia
Cuba
Lebanon

11.1
1.3
0.4
1.2
2.3
0.1
5.5
38.2
3.0
0.4
29.4
41.8
9.4
17.8
10.6
9.9
1.3
2.0
4.3
3.5
0.6

11.0
1.2
0.5
1.3
2.8
0.1
5.4
37.4
2.8
0.4
35.6
46.9
12.3
19.8
10.4
9.5
1.6
1.9
4.0
4.8
0.6

0.1
-0.6
2.1
1.8
6.5
4.3
0.0
-0.1
-1.2
0.4
4.1
0.9
6.3
1.1
0.4
-0.3
5.5
-1.3
-0.4
3.7
0.2

0.0
-0.3
1.4
1.1
5.9
0.8
0.1
0.0
-0.5
0.3
1.8
0.9
2.5
0.9
0.0
-0.2
1.7
-0.6
-0.4
3.6
0.0

9.3
142.5
3.9
21.6
3.4
0.4
16.6
0.3
0.1
7.2
0.0
3.9
30.2
1.2
0.1
1.3
9.5
11.3
5.0

8.5
133.6
4.9
20.2
3.6
0.4
18.6
0.3
0.1
6.2
0.0
4.9
36.8
1.3
0.1
1.3
8.6
10.8
5.2

-0.6
-0.4
2.8
-0.2
0.0
2.0
0.7
0.5
1.2
-0.8
0.8
1.9
2.0
0.5
1.8
0.5
-0.6
0.3
4.2

-0.5
-0.2
7.9
-0.3
0.3
1.4
1.0
0.5
1.0
-0.8
0.8
1.6
1.6
0.4
0.6
0.3
-0.5
-0.1
3.0

69
69
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
81
83
84
85
85
85
88
89
90
90
90
93
94
94
96
97
97
99
100
101
101
103
104
105
106
107
108

Costa Rica
4.9
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
78.5
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic
30.9
Turkey
75.8
Sri Lanka
21.4
Mexico
123.8
Brazil
202.0
l
Georgia
4.3
Saint Kitts and Nevis
0.1
m
Azerbaijan
9.5
Grenada
0.1
Jordan
7.5
The former Yugoslav Republic
2.1
Ukraine
44.9
Algeria
39.9
Peru
30.8
Albania
3.2
Armenia
3.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina
3.8
Ecuador
16.0
Saint Lucia
0.2
China
1,393.8
Fiji
0.9
Mongolia
2.9
Thailand
67.2
Dominica
0.1
Libya
6.3
Tunisia
11.1
Colombia
48.9
Saint Vincent and the Grenadin
0.1
Jamaica
2.8
Tonga
0.1
Belize
0.3
Dominican Republic
10.5
Suriname
0.5
Maldives
0.4
Samoa
0.2
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Botswana
2.0
n
Moldova (Republic of)
3.5
Egypt
83.4

5.8
91.3
37.2
86.8
23.3
143.7
222.7
4.0
0.1
10.5
0.1
9.4
2.1
39.8
48.6
36.5
3.3
3.0
3.7
19.6
0.2
1,453.3
0.9
3.4
67.6
0.1
7.5
12.6
57.2
0.1
2.9
0.1
0.5
12.2
0.6
0.4
0.2

1.9
1.2
1.8
1.4
1.1
1.3
1.3
-1.2
1.5
1.1
0.3
1.9
0.4
-0.8
1.4
1.3
-0.7
-0.4
0.2
1.9
1.1
0.6
0.3
1.0
1.0
0.2
1.6
1.0
1.6
0.2
0.8
0.6
2.6
1.5
1.4
1.7
0.6

1.4
1.3
1.5
1.2
0.8
1.2
0.8
-0.4
1.1
1.1
0.4
3.5
0.1
-0.6
1.8
1.3
0.3
0.2
-0.1
1.6
0.8
0.6
0.7
1.5
0.3
0.4
0.9
1.1
1.3
0.0
0.5
0.4
2.4
1.2
0.9
1.9
0.8

2.3
3.1
102.6

1.3
-1.7
1.6

0.9
-0.8
1.6

109
110
110
112
113
114
115
116
116
116
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
126
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
134
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
143
145
145
147
148

Turkmenistan
5.3
Gabon
1.7
Indonesia
252.8
Paraguay
6.9
o
Palestine, State of
4.4
Uzbekistan
29.3
Philippines
100.1
El Salvador
6.4
South Africa
53.1
Viet Nam
92.5
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
10.8
Kyrgyzstan
5.6
Iraq
34.8
Cabo Verde
0.5
Micronesia (Federated States o
0.1
Guyana
0.8
Nicaragua
6.2
Morocco
33.5
Namibia
2.3
Guatemala
15.9
Tajikistan
8.4
India
1,267.4
Honduras
8.3
Bhutan
0.8
Timor-Leste
1.2
Syrian Arab Republic
22.0
Vanuatu
0.3
Congo
4.6
Kiribati
0.1
Equatorial Guinea
0.8
Zambia
15.0
Ghana
26.4
Lao People's Democratic Repub
6.9
Bangladesh
158.5
Cambodia
15.4
Sao Tome and Principe
0.2
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Kenya
45.5
Nepal
28.1
Pakistan
185.1
Myanmar
53.7

6.2
2.4
293.5
8.7
6.4
34.1
127.8
6.9
58.1
101.8
13.7
6.9
51.0
0.6
0.1
0.9
7.4
39.2
3.0
22.6
11.4
1,476.4
10.8
0.9
1.6
29.9
0.4
6.8
0.1
1.1
25.0
35.3
8.8
185.1
19.1
0.3

1.1
2.4
1.4
2.0
2.1
1.0
2.0
0.4
1.5
1.0
1.9
0.4
2.8
1.6
-0.2
0.4
1.3
1.0
1.3
2.5
1.9
1.6
2.0
2.8
3.1
2.1
2.5
2.5
1.8
3.1
2.5
2.5
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.1

1.3
2.4
1.2
1.7
2.5
1.4
1.7
0.7
0.8
1.0
1.6
1.4
2.9
0.8
0.2
0.5
1.4
1.4
1.9
2.5
2.4
1.2
2.0
1.6
1.7
0.7
2.2
2.6
1.5
2.8
3.2
2.1
1.9
1.2
1.7
2.6

66.3
32.9
231.7
58.7

2.7
1.7
1.9
0.7

2.7
1.2
1.7
0.8

149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
156
158
159
160
161
162
163
163
163
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188

Angola
22.1
Swaziland
1.3
p
Tanzania (United Republic o
50.8
Nigeria
178.5
Cameroon
22.8
Madagascar
23.6
Zimbabwe
14.6
Mauritania
4.0
Solomon Islands
0.6
Papua New Guinea
7.5
Comoros
0.8
Yemen
25.0
Lesotho
2.1
Togo
7.0
Haiti
10.5
Rwanda
12.1
Uganda
38.8
Benin
10.6
Sudan
38.8
Djibouti
0.9
South Sudan
11.7
Senegal
14.5
Afghanistan
31.3
Cte d'Ivoire
20.8
Malawi
16.8
Ethiopia
96.5
Gambia
1.9
Congo (Democratic Republic of
69.4
Liberia
4.4
Guinea-Bissau
1.7
Mali
15.8
Mozambique
26.5
Sierra Leone
6.2
Guinea
12.0
Burkina Faso
17.4
Burundi
10.5
Chad
13.2
Eritrea
6.5
Central African Republic
4.7
Niger
18.5
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES

34.8
1.5
79.4
273.1
33.1
36.0
20.3
5.6
0.8
10.0
1.1
34.0
2.4
10.0
12.5
17.8
63.4
15.5
55.1
1.1
17.3
21.9
43.5
29.2
26.0
137.7
3.1
103.7
6.4
2.5
26.0
38.9
8.1
17.3
26.6
16.4
20.9
9.8
6.3
34.5

3.4
0.8
2.6
2.6
2.6
3.0
0.3
3.0
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.8
0.7
2.6
1.5
2.3
3.4
3.3
2.6
1.4
3.8
2.7
3.8
1.5
2.6
2.9
3.1
2.8
2.5
2.2
3.0
2.8
4.3
1.8
2.9
3.0
3.8
4.2
1.7
3.6

3.1
1.5
3.0
2.8
2.5
2.8
2.8
2.5
2.1
2.1
2.4
2.3
1.1
2.6
1.4
2.7
3.3
2.7
2.1
1.5
4.0
2.9
2.4
2.3
2.8
2.6
3.2
2.7
2.6
2.4
3.0
2.5
1.9
2.5
2.8
3.2
3.0
3.2
2.0
3.9

Korea (Democratic People's Rep

Marshall Islands
Monaco
Nauru
San Marino
Somalia
Tuvalu

25.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.8
0.0

26.7
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.9
0.0

0.8
0.0
1.0
0.1
2.0
2.7
0.6

0.5
0.2
0.8
0.2
0.6
2.9
0.2

Human development groups

Very high human development
High human development
Medium human development
Low human development

1,185.3
2,516.7
2,288.2
1,185.2

1,266.3
2,676.6
2,712.0
1,692.9

0.7
0.7
1.6
2.5

0.6
0.7
1.3
2.4

Developing countries

5,962.5

7,091.5

1.4

1.3

373.1
2,051.5
234.9
618.0
1,771.5
911.9

481.3
2,211.9
251.0
711.1
2,085.5
1,348.9

2.2
0.8
0.4
1.3
1.6
2.6

2.0
0.8
0.7
1.1
1.3
2.7

Least developed countries

919.1

1,287.0

2.4

2.3

Small island developing state

54.9

63.4

1.3

1.1

Organisation for Economic C

1,272.4

1,366.6

0.7

0.6

World

7,243.8

Regions
Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and the Caribbea
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa

8,424.9

1.2

1.1

Notes
a. Because data are based on national definitions of what constitutes a city or metropolitan area, cross-co
b. The natural sex ratio at birth is commonly assumed and empirically confirmed to be 1.05 male births to
c. Projections based on medium-fertility variant.
d. Includes Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands.
e. Includes Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Norfolk Island.
f. Includes land Islands.
g. Includes Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla.
h. Includes Northern Cyprus.

i. Includes Sabah and Sarawak.

j. Includes Agalega, Rodrigues and Saint Brandon
k. Includes Kosovo.
l. Includes Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
m. Includes Nagorno-Karabakh.
n. Includes Transnistria.
o. Includes East Jerusalem.
p. Includes Zanzibar.
T. From original data source.
DEFINITIONS
Total population: De facto population in a country, area or region as of 1 July.
Population average annual growth: Average annual exponential growth rate for the period specified.

Urban population: De facto population living in areas classified as urban according to the criteria used b
Population under age 5: De facto population in a country, area or region under age 5 as of 1 July.
Population ages 1564: De facto population in a country, area or region ages 1564 as of 1 July.

Population ages 65 and older: De facto population in a country, area or region ages 65 and older as of 1

Median age: Age that divides the population distribution into two equal partsthat is, 50 percent of the po

Young age dependency ratio: Ratio of the population ages 014 to the population ages 1564, express

Old age dependency ratio: Ratio of the population ages 65 and older to the population ages 1564, exp

Total fertility rate: Number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her
Sex ratio at birth: Number of male births per female birth.
Main data sources
Columns 14 and 614: UNDESA (2013a).
Column 5: UNDESA (2014).

Population

Dependency ratio

Urban

Under age
5

(%)
2014

80.2
89.6
73.9
87.3
84.3
74.3
63.1
83.1
81.0
86.4
100.0
100.0
..
85.7
80.0
94.1
84.0
92.1
86.1
93.0
97.6
87.4
68.3
84.1
49.8
77.9
68.9
73.4

Ages 65
and
older

Ages 15
64

Median
age

(millions)
c

2014

0.3
1.6
0.4
0.3
0.9
3.5
0.4
21.0
2.0
0.3
0.3
0.3
..
0.6
3.9
0.0
2.4
0.8
0.0
5.4
0.7
4.0
0.4
0.3
0.1
2.5
2.9
0.6

2014

3.3
15.6
5.5
3.6
11.0
54.3
3.1
213.6
24.1
3.0
4.1
5.4
..
6.1
41.0
0.2
36.1
4.8
0.4
77.8
7.2
41.1
5.7
3.5
1.4
31.3
39.4
7.3

(per 100 people ages 15

64)
Young age
(014)

(years)
c

2014

0.8
3.5
1.5
1.0
3.0
17.6
0.6
46.2
5.5
0.7
0.6
1.1
..
1.9
11.3
0.0
6.2
0.8
0.1
32.8
2.0
11.8
1.6
1.1
0.4
8.5
13.1
1.8

2015

39.2
37.4
42.3
41.5
42.4
46.3
35.9
37.7
40.5
37.3
38.7
43.2
..
41.2
40.5
35.9
40.5
30.1
39.1
46.5
41.9
41.0
43.3
42.6
43.0
42.2
45.0
40.9

2015

28.6
29.1
21.9
27.0
25.8
19.7
32.9
29.4
24.4
30.8
20.8
16.0
..
27.6
27.4
31.2
19.5
45.8
25.4
21.2
26.7
28.6
21.6
26.1
21.4
23.4
21.8
23.0

Old age
(65 and
older)
2015

25.2
22.7
27.1
29.1
27.8
32.7
19.2
22.2
23.7
22.5
15.2
20.5
..
31.8
28.1
20.3
17.9
17.8
21.2
43.6
29.0
29.6
27.9
32.3
26.4
27.6
33.8
26.3

62.2
69.7
77.1
71.1
99.2
..
54.6
60.7
67.4
95.3
82.9
93.0
85.2
89.8
62.7
70.9
88.9
67.7
58.7
98.3
63.9

0.6
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
..
0.3
2.0
0.2
0.0
2.9
3.4
0.7
1.2
0.5
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.0

7.3
0.8
0.3
0.8
1.9
..
3.9
26.8
2.1
0.3
20.1
27.1
7.9
12.3
7.0
6.7
1.0
1.4
2.8
2.5
0.4

2.2
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
..
0.7
5.7
0.5
0.1
0.9
4.6
0.0
1.8
2.0
1.7
0.0
0.4
0.8
0.1
0.1

43.5
41.3
31.1
35.9
31.7
..
38.9
39.4
39.7
41.4
28.4
31.6
31.4
33.7
43.0
41.0
30.2
41.7
43.1
29.7
37.6

22.6
24.7
34.6
23.5
15.9
..
21.4
21.7
22.4
20.8
41.2
36.7
19.4
29.9
21.8
21.9
28.3
23.5
22.0
33.6
26.9

31.1
28.2
6.9
18.1
1.1
..
19.1
22.0
22.8
26.0
4.4
17.3
0.6
15.3
29.3
26.1
3.0
28.2
28.6
3.3
20.2

76.3
74.3
74.2
52.9
92.8
84.8
53.3
46.0
29.8
74.8
..
77.0
74.8
41.8
54.8
14.5
57.4
75.1
87.6

0.5
8.4
0.4
1.1
0.2
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.3
..
0.4
2.6
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.3

6.6
100.8
2.9
15.1
2.2
0.3
11.2
0.2
0.1
4.8
..
2.5
20.8
0.9
0.1
0.9
6.6
7.9
3.5

1.3
18.6
0.1
3.3
0.5
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
1.4
..
0.3
1.7
0.1
0.0
0.1
1.4
1.5
0.4

39.5
38.5
27.1
40.0
34.8
32.5
29.7
37.4
30.9
43.4
..
28.5
28.2
35.5
33.2
34.2
39.3
41.3
30.7

22.4
23.4
29.2
21.8
33.4
29.4
39.4
26.7
35.2
21.2
..
42.5
36.6
26.4
31.7
29.9
22.9
22.1
27.1

19.7
18.8
4.0
22.3
22.3
11.7
10.1
16.2
10.4
30.1
..
11.7
8.3
13.3
11.2
13.8
21.7
19.9
12.3

66.0
69.5
94.1
74.3
15.3
79.0
85.4
53.2
..
54.4
40.2
83.4
59.7
69.5
75.5
78.3
56.6
64.2
49.9
69.1
15.5
54.4
53.4
71.2
35.2
..
78.2
67.0
76.1
50.5
52.3
23.7
44.2
71.4
70.9
44.5
19.3

0.4
7.1
3.0
6.3
1.9
11.2
14.7
0.3
..
0.8
0.0
1.0
0.1
2.5
4.6
2.9
0.2
0.2
0.2
1.6
0.0
91.0
0.1
0.3
3.6
..
0.6
0.9
4.5
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0

3.4
55.5
20.2
50.9
14.2
81.1
138.6
2.9
..
6.9
0.1
4.7
1.5
31.6
26.9
20.0
2.2
2.1
2.6
10.2
0.1
1,014.3
0.6
2.0
48.5
..
4.1
7.7
32.4
0.1
1.8
0.1
0.2
6.7
0.4
0.2
0.1

0.4
4.2
2.0
5.7
1.9
8.1
15.7
0.6
..
0.5
0.0
0.3
0.3
6.7
1.8
2.0
0.3
0.3
0.6
1.1
0.0
127.2
0.0
0.1
6.8
..
0.3
0.8
3.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0

30.6
29.5
27.7
30.1
32.0
27.7
31.2
38.1
..
30.4
27.2
24.0
37.8
39.9
27.5
27.1
33.5
33.4
40.1
26.7
31.2
36.0
27.5
27.5
38.0
..
27.2
31.2
28.3
29.8
28.2
21.3
23.7
26.4
29.1
26.0
21.2

32.5
34.2
42.6
37.0
38.1
41.7
33.6
27.6
..
30.8
40.0
53.0
23.2
21.4
42.4
42.9
28.1
29.2
21.2
45.8
34.1
25.1
43.9
40.4
24.2
..
44.7
33.4
40.7
36.0
39.5
64.3
52.1
46.4
39.6
42.2
64.9

10.8
7.8
10.1
11.4
13.7
10.3
11.6
22.0
..
7.8
10.7
5.8
18.3
21.2
7.0
10.3
16.3
15.0
22.9
10.7
13.2
13.1
8.9
5.6
14.5
..
7.6
10.8
10.0
10.7
12.3
10.2
6.5
10.3
10.2
7.3
9.1

63.6
49.8
44.0

0.2
0.2
9.3

1.3
2.5
52.7

0.1
0.4
4.9

22.8
36.3
25.8

52.3
23.6
48.8

6.0
16.4
9.4

49.7
87.1
53.0
63.5
75.0
36.3
49.6
66.2
63.3
33.0
68.1
35.6
66.4
64.9
22.9
28.6
58.5
58.1
40.1
51.1
26.7
32.4
53.9
37.9
29.5
57.3
25.8
64.9
44.3
40.0
40.5
53.9
37.6
29.9
20.5
64.7

0.5
0.2
23.3
0.8
0.6
3.0
11.5
0.6
5.3
7.1
1.3
0.7
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.7
3.6
0.3
2.3
1.2
122.0
1.0
0.1
0.2
2.6
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.1
2.7
3.7
0.9
15.2
1.8
0.0

3.6
1.0
167.4
4.3
2.5
19.8
62.3
4.1
34.5
65.5
6.6
3.7
19.9
0.3
0.1
0.5
3.9
22.5
1.4
8.8
5.1
835.2
5.0
0.5
0.6
13.4
0.2
2.5
0.1
0.5
7.6
15.4
4.2
104.1
9.8
0.1

0.2
0.1
13.4
0.4
0.1
1.3
4.0
0.5
3.0
6.2
0.5
0.2
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.7
0.1
0.7
0.3
67.9
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.9
0.3
7.6
0.8
0.0

26.4
20.9
28.4
24.4
19.7
26.0
23.4
24.7
26.5
30.7
22.8
25.1
20.0
25.2
21.5
23.0
23.8
27.5
21.8
19.7
22.0
26.9
22.5
26.7
16.9
22.7
22.1
18.7
24.1
20.9
16.7
20.9
22.0
25.8
25.0
19.4

41.7
67.6
42.2
50.8
67.3
41.5
53.4
45.2
45.1
31.7
56.1
47.6
68.1
42.4
55.3
55.7
50.4
41.7
57.0
71.3
59.4
42.9
56.1
39.9
86.5
56.4
60.3
78.5
47.8
65.6
90.6
65.0
55.6
43.8
49.0
74.8

6.1
8.9
8.2
9.1
5.3
6.4
6.5
11.5
8.8
9.6
8.3
6.3
5.5
7.9
7.1
5.7
7.6
7.6
5.9
8.4
5.2
8.3
7.5
7.3
6.6
7.1
6.7
6.3
6.7
4.8
5.0
5.9
6.2
7.3
8.9
5.8

25.2
18.0
37.2
34.4

7.1
2.9
21.5
4.4

25.2
17.1
115.4
37.7

1.2
1.5
8.1
2.8

19.0
23.1
23.2
29.8

75.4
53.4
52.3
34.4

5.0
8.6
7.0
7.7

61.5
21.1
28.1
51.5
53.8
34.5
40.1
42.3
21.8
12.7
28.3
34.1
29.8
39.5
57.4
20.0
16.8
46.9
33.7
77.3
18.6
43.5
24.5
53.5
16.1
17.8
58.9
35.9
49.3
46.0
36.9
32.0
40.4
36.9
29.0
11.8
22.1
22.7
39.8
18.6

4.1
0.2
8.8
31.4
3.7
3.7
2.1
0.6
0.1
1.0
0.1
3.5
0.3
1.1
1.3
1.9
7.3
1.7
5.8
0.1
1.8
2.4
4.8
3.3
2.9
14.4
0.3
12.1
0.7
0.3
3.0
4.5
0.9
1.9
3.0
2.0
2.5
1.1
0.7
3.8

11.1
0.7
26.4
94.4
12.3
13.0
8.4
2.3
0.3
4.4
0.4
14.3
1.3
3.9
6.4
6.7
19.2
5.8
21.7
0.6
6.4
7.8
16.2
11.6
8.7
52.6
1.0
36.3
2.4
1.0
7.8
13.6
3.5
6.6
9.1
5.5
6.5
3.6
2.7
8.8

0.5
0.0
1.6
4.9
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.7
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.9
0.3
1.3
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.8
0.7
0.5
3.3
0.0
2.0
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.9
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.5

16.4
20.5
17.6
17.7
18.5
18.7
20.1
20.0
19.9
21.2
19.1
19.7
21.2
19.0
22.7
18.4
15.9
18.6
19.4
23.4
18.9
18.2
17.0
19.1
17.3
18.6
17.0
17.5
18.6
19.3
16.2
17.3
19.3
18.8
17.3
17.6
15.9
18.5
20.0
15.0

92.9
63.1
85.9
83.9
78.4
75.2
66.9
69.4
69.4
62.2
75.1
67.5
59.2
74.6
55.8
74.1
96.6
76.7
72.1
53.9
75.3
80.5
85.4
73.4
86.3
75.2
87.9
84.7
77.4
73.3
95.5
87.4
72.4
75.9
85.6
85.3
96.3
78.8
68.7
106.0

4.8
6.1
6.2
5.1
5.9
5.1
6.7
5.6
5.9
5.0
5.1
5.1
6.9
4.9
7.5
4.5
4.9
5.3
5.9
6.6
6.4
5.4
4.7
5.7
6.3
6.3
4.5
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.4
6.4
4.7
5.6
4.6
4.5
4.8
4.3
6.7
5.5

60.7
..
..
..
..
39.2
..

1.7
..
..
..
..
2.0
..

17.3
..
..
..
..
5.4
..

2.4
..
..
..
..
0.3
..

33.9
..
..
..
..
16.5
..

30.5
..
..
..
..
92.6
..

13.8
..
..
..
..
5.6
..

81.9
62.3
38.7
34.8

69.1
178.5
228.9
181.1

783.5
1,782.2
1,493.3
660.6

197.4
223.9
119.0
39.5

40.2
34.2
26.5
19.5

26.1
28.7
44.6
72.6

25.8
13.0
8.1
6.0

47.9

591.3

3,912.5

369.4

28.1

42.7

9.6

58.1
51.8
60.9
79.8
33.7
37.8

44.4
149.5
18.8
53.6
175.5
149.4

236.4
1,456.1
160.1
408.3
1,158.5
492.1

15.9
166.1
21.3
45.6
92.0
28.4

24.6
33.7
32.2
29.0
26.4
18.5

50.8
29.5
33.4
39.4
44.2
78.9

6.8
11.8
13.4
11.4
8.1
5.8

29.8

133.9

521.4

32.6

20.2

69.1

6.2

53.3

5.4

34.9

3.8

27.9

45.4

11.0

80.6

77.8

837.3

202.0

39.0

27.8

24.7

53.5

663.0

4,765.8

586.3

opolitan area, cross-country comparison should be made with caution.

be 1.05 male births to 1 female birth.

30.2

39.6

12.5

he period specified.

g to the criteria used by each country or area as of 1 July.

ge 5 as of 1 July.

64 as of 1 July.

ges 65 and older as of 1 July.

is, 50 percent of the population is above that age and 50 percent is below it.

n ages 1564, expressed as the number of dependants per 100 people of working age (ages 1564).
ation ages 1564, expressed as the number of dependants per 100 people of working age (ages 1564).

to live to the end of her child-bearing years and bear children at each age in accordance with prevailing age-specific fertility rate

Sex
ratio at
birth

Total fertility rate

(births per woman)

2000/2005

2010/2015

1.8
1.8
1.4
1.8
1.7
1.4
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.9
1.3
1.0
..
1.7
1.7
2.0
1.2
2.9
1.7
1.3
1.7
1.9
1.4
1.8
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.2

1.9
1.9
1.5
1.9
1.8
1.4
2.0
2.0
1.7
2.1
1.3
1.1
..
1.9
1.9
2.1
1.3
2.9
1.7
1.4
1.9
2.0
1.5
1.9
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6

(male to
female
births)
2010/2015

1.06
1.06
1.05
1.06
1.06
1.06
1.07
1.05
1.06
1.06
1.07
1.07
..
1.06
1.05
1.05
1.07
1.05
1.05
1.06
1.05
1.05
1.06
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.06
1.06

1.3
1.4
2.3
1.6
3.0
..
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
3.5
2.4
2.4
2.0
1.5
1.3
2.7
1.3
1.4
2.6
1.8

1.5
1.6
2.0
1.5
2.1
..
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
2.7
2.2
1.8
1.8
1.3
1.4
2.1
1.6
1.5
2.6
1.7

1.07
1.06
1.06
1.07
1.05
..
1.05
1.06
1.05
1.06
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.04
1.06
1.06
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.04
1.07

1.2
1.3
3.2
1.3
2.2
1.9
2.0
1.8
2.3
1.2
..
2.8
2.5
1.9
2.2
1.8
1.6
1.6
2.0

1.5
1.5
2.9
1.4
2.1
1.9
2.4
1.9
2.1
1.5
..
2.5
2.0
1.5
2.2
1.8
1.4
1.5
1.5

1.06
1.06
1.05
1.06
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.04
1.03
1.06
..
1.05
1.06
1.04
1.06
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.05

2.3
2.0
2.7
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.3
1.6
..
2.0
2.4
3.9
1.6
1.2
2.4
2.8
2.2
1.7
1.2
3.0
2.1
1.6
3.0
2.1
1.6
..
2.9
2.0
2.6
2.2
2.5
4.2
3.4
2.8
2.6
2.8
4.4

1.8
1.9
2.4
2.1
2.4
2.2
1.8
1.8
..
1.9
2.2
3.3
1.4
1.5
2.8
2.4
1.8
1.7
1.3
2.6
1.9
1.7
2.6
2.4
1.4
..
2.4
2.0
2.3
2.0
2.3
3.8
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.3
4.2

1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.04
1.05
1.05
1.11
..
1.15
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.06
1.05
1.05
1.08
1.14
1.07
1.05
1.03
1.16
1.06
1.03
1.06
..
1.06
1.05
1.05
1.03
1.05
1.05
1.03
1.05
1.08
1.06
1.08

3.2
1.5
3.2

2.6
1.5
2.8

1.03
1.06
1.05

2.8
4.5
2.5
3.5
5.0
2.6
3.7
2.6
2.8
1.9
4.0
2.5
4.8
3.3
4.1
2.7
3.0
2.5
3.8
4.6
3.7
3.0
3.7
3.1
7.0
3.7
4.1
5.1
3.6
5.6
6.0
4.6
3.7
2.9
3.5
4.6

2.3
4.1
2.4
2.9
4.1
2.3
3.1
2.2
2.4
1.8
3.3
3.1
4.1
2.3
3.3
2.6
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.8
3.9
2.5
3.0
2.3
5.9
3.0
3.4
5.0
3.0
4.9
5.7
3.9
3.1
2.2
2.9
4.1

1.05
1.03
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.06
1.05
1.03
1.10
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.03
1.07
1.05
1.05
1.06
1.03
1.05
1.05
1.11
1.05
1.04
1.05
1.05
1.07
1.03
1.07
1.03
1.02
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.03

5.0
3.7
4.0
2.2

4.4
2.3
3.2
2.0

1.03
1.07
1.09
1.03

6.8
4.0
5.7
6.1
5.5
5.3
4.0
5.2
4.6
4.4
5.3
5.9
3.8
5.1
4.0
5.6
6.7
5.8
5.3
4.2
5.9
5.4
7.4
5.2
6.1
6.1
5.9
6.9
5.7
5.7
6.8
5.7
5.7
5.8
6.4
6.9
7.2
5.7
5.3
7.7

5.9
3.4
5.2
6.0
4.8
4.5
3.5
4.7
4.1
3.8
4.7
4.2
3.1
4.7
3.2
4.6
5.9
4.9
4.5
3.4
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.9
5.4
4.6
5.8
6.0
4.8
5.0
6.9
5.2
4.8
5.0
5.7
6.1
6.3
4.7
4.4
7.6

1.03
1.03
1.03
1.06
1.03
1.03
1.02
1.05
1.07
1.08
1.05
1.05
1.03
1.02
1.05
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.06
1.03
1.03
1.04
1.03
1.03
1.05
1.03
1.05
1.03
1.02
1.02
1.05
1.03
1.03
1.05
1.03
1.05

2.0
..
..
..
..
7.4
..

2.0
..
..
..
..
6.6
..

1.05
..
..
..
..
1.03
..

1.7
1.8
3.0
5.3

1.8
1.8
2.6
4.6

1.05
1.06
1.05
1.04

2.8

2.7

1.04

3.6
1.8
2.0
2.5
3.1
5.7

3.2
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.6
5.1

1.05
1.05
1.07
1.05
1.06
1.03

5.0

4.2

1.04

3.1

2.7

1.06

1.8

1.8

1.06

2.6

2.5

1.05

ng age-specific fertility rates.

Table 9: Health outcomes

Infants
exclusively
breastfed

Infants lacking
immunization
(% of one-year-olds)

HDI rank

Country

(% ages 05
months)
20082013

1
2
3
4
5
6
6
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Norway
Australia
Switzerland
Denmark
Netherlands
Germany
Ireland
United States
Canada
New Zealand
Singapore
Hong Kong, China (SAR)
Liechtenstein
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Korea (Republic of)
Israel
Luxembourg
Japan
Belgium
France
Austria
Finland
Slovenia
Spain
Italy
Czech Republic
Greece
Estonia
Brunei Darussalam

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

DTP

Measles

2013

2013

1
8
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
7
2
..
..
1
2
3
1
5
1
1
1
1
7
1
2
2
1
1
1
4
4

7
6
7
11
4
3
7
9
5
8
5
..
..
3
5
9
1
3
5
5
8
11
24
3
6
5
10
1
1
6
1

32
32
34
35
36
37
37
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
50
52
52
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
60
62
63
64
64
66
67
67
69
69
71
72
73
74
75

Cyprus
Qatar
Andorra
Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Malta
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
United Arab Emirates
Chile
Portugal
Hungary
Bahrain
Latvia
Croatia
Kuwait
Montenegro
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Belarus
Russian Federation
Oman
Romania
Uruguay
Bahamas
Kazakhstan
Barbados
Antigua and Barbuda
Bulgaria
Palau
Panama
Malaysia
Mauritius
Seychelles
Trinidad and Tobago
Serbia
Cuba
Lebanon
Costa Rica
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Turkey
Sri Lanka
Mexico
Brazil

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
32.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
19.3
19.0
..
..
15.8
..
..
31.8
19.7
..
..
..
..
..
21.0
..
12.8
13.7
48.6
14.8
32.5
53.1
..
41.6
75.8
14.4
38.6

c
c

1
1
2
1
1
3
1
2
7
6
8
1
1
1
4
2
1
2

14
1
5
2
2
7
1
2
9
6
10
2
1
1
4
6
1
12

1
3
1
4
2
1
1
7
1
4
1
7
1
1
1
6
2
2
16
2
2
10
1
1
10
1

1
2
1
8
4
8
1
10
2
6
1
8
5
1
3
9
8
1
21
9
2
15
2
1
11
1

76
77
78
79
80
81
81
83
84
85
85
85
88
89
90
90
90
93
94
94
96
97
97
99
100
101
101
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
110
112
113
114
115
116
116
116

Georgia
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Azerbaijan
Grenada
Jordan
The former Yugoslav Republic of Mac
Ukraine
Algeria
Peru
Albania
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ecuador
Saint Lucia
China
Fiji
Mongolia
Thailand
Dominica
Libya
Tunisia
Colombia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Jamaica
Tonga
Belize
Dominican Republic
Suriname
Maldives
Samoa
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Botswana
Moldova (Republic of)
Egypt
Turkmenistan
Gabon
Indonesia
Paraguay
Palestine, State of
Uzbekistan
Philippines
El Salvador
South Africa
Viet Nam

54.8
..
11.8
..
22.7
23.0
19.7
6.9
72.3
38.6
34.6
18.5
40.0
..
27.6
39.8
65.7
12.3
..
..
8.5
42.8
..
23.8
52.2
14.7
6.7
2.8
47.8
51.3
20.3
36.4
53.2
13.0
6.0
41.5
24.4
28.8
26.4
34.0
31.4
8.3
17.0

c
c

c
c

c
c
c
c

1
1
5
1
1
1
10
1
3
1
3
5
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
3
4
3
1
4
9
5
1
1

4
1
2
6
3
4
21
5
15
1
3
6
3
1
1
6
3
1
7
2
6
8
1
6
1
1
21
7
1
1

2
4
3
1
20
2
7
1
1
2
3
31
17

6
9
4
1
30
16
8
1
3
10
6
34
2

119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
126
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
134
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
143
145
145
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
156
158
159
160
161
162

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

Kyrgyzstan
Iraq
Cabo Verde
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Guyana
Nicaragua
Morocco
Namibia
Guatemala
Tajikistan
India
Honduras
Bhutan
Timor-Leste
Syrian Arab Republic
Vanuatu
Congo
Kiribati
Equatorial Guinea
Zambia
Ghana
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Sao Tome and Principe
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Kenya
Nepal
Pakistan
Myanmar
Angola
Swaziland
Tanzania (United Republic of)
Nigeria
Cameroon
Madagascar
Zimbabwe
Mauritania
Solomon Islands
Papua New Guinea
Comoros
Yemen
Lesotho
Togo

60.4
56.1
19.6
59.6
..
33.2
30.6
31.0
23.9
49.6
34.3
46.4
31.2
48.7
51.5
42.6
40.0
20.5
69.0
7.4
60.9
45.7
40.4
64.1
73.5
51.4
31.9
69.6
37.7
23.6
..
44.1
49.8
17.4
20.4
41.9
31.4
26.9
73.7
56.1
12.1
10.3
53.5
62.4

c
c
c

c
c

2
2
18
7
2
2
1
1
6
3
2
12
12
3
14
45
22
10
5
45
14
6
11
1
5
1

5
1
37
9
9
1
1
1
18
15
8
26
11
6
30
39
48
35
9
58
20
11
18
7
10
9

18
6
21
10
3
1
1
37
5
20
2
5
12
12
15
6
3
6

7
12
39
14
9
15
1
41
17
37
7
20
24
30
18
22
8
28

163
163
163
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188

Haiti
Rwanda
Uganda
Benin
Sudan
Djibouti
South Sudan
Senegal
Afghanistan
Cte d'Ivoire
Malawi
Ethiopia
Gambia
Congo (Democratic Republic of the)
Liberia
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Sierra Leone
Guinea
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Chad
Eritrea
Central African Republic
Niger
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of)
Marshall Islands
Monaco
Nauru
San Marino
Somalia
Tuvalu

39.7
84.9
63.2
32.5
41.0
1.3
45.1
39.0
..
12.1
71.4
52.0
33.5
37.0
55.2
38.3
20.4
42.8
31.6
20.5
38.2
69.3
3.4
68.7
34.3
23.3
68.9
31.3
..
67.2
..
9.1
34.7

c
c

14
1
11
15
1
13
43
4
14
7
4
16
1
14
3
8
18
7
2
24
6
2
45
3
65
15

35
3
18
37
15
20
70
16
25
26
12
38
4
27
26
31
28
15
17
38
18
2
41
4
75
33

6
27
1
2
28
48
1

1
30
1
4
26
54
4

Human development groups

Very high human development
High human development
Medium human development
Low human development

..
30.0
43.8
36.0

2
2
10
17

7
3
20
27

Developing countries

37.5

10

17

Regions
Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific

30.1
30.7

9
3

15
5

Europe and Central Asia

Latin America and the Caribbean
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa

32.1
35.0
47.9
35.4

3
5
12
18

5
8
24
26

Least developed countries

Small island developing states

45.9
35.9

11
9

21
22

..

37.4

16

Organisation for Economic Co-ope

World

Notes
a. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
b. Data are annual average of projected values for 20102015.
c. Refers to a year earlier than that specified.
d. 0.1 or less.
e. Refers to 2012.
T. From original data source.

DEFINITIONS
Infants exclusively breastfed: Percentage of children ages 05 months who are fed exclusively with bre
Infants lacking immunization against DPT: Percentage of surviving infants who have not received their
Infants lacking immunization against measles: Percentage of surviving infants who have not received
Infant mortality rate: Probability of dying between birth and exactly age 1, expressed per 1,000 live birth
Under-five mortality rate: Probability of dying between birth and exactly age 5, expressed per 1,000 live
Stunted children: Percentage of children ages 059 months who are more than two standard deveiation
Adult mortality rate: Probability that a 15-year-old will die before reaching age 60, expressed per 1,000 p
Deaths due to malaria: Number of deaths due to malaria from confirmed and probable cases, expressed
Deaths due to tuberculosis: Number of deaths due to tuberculosis from confirmed and probable cases,
HIV prevalence, adult: Percentage of the population ages 1549 who are living with HIV.
Life expectancy at age 60: Additional number of years that a 60-year-old could expect to live if prevailing
Physicians: Number of medical doctors (physicians), both generalists and specialists, expressed per 10,
Public health expenditure: Current and capital spending on health from government (central and local)
funds, expressed as a percentage of GDP.
Main data sources
Columns 16: UNICEF (2015).
Columns 711 and 13: WHO (2015).
Column 12: UNDESA (2013a).
Column 14: World Bank (2015b).

Mortality rates

Child
malnutrition

Adult mortality rate

Deaths due to

(per 1,000 live births)

(% under age 5)

(per 1,000 people)

(per 100,000 people)

Infant

Under-five

Stunting
(moderate or
severe)

2013

2013

20082013

2.3
3.4
3.6
2.9
3.3
3.2
3.2
5.9
4.6
5.2
2.2
..
..
2.4
3.9
1.6
3.2
3.2
1.6
2.1
3.5
3.5
3.2
2.1
2.3
3.6
3.0
2.9
3.7
2.7
8.4

2.8
4.0
4.2
3.5
4.0
3.9
3.8
6.9
5.2
6.3
2.8
..
..
3.0
4.6
2.1
3.7
4.0
2.0
2.9
4.4
4.2
3.9
2.6
2.9
4.2
3.6
3.6
4.4
3.4
9.9

..
..
..
..
..
1.3
..
2.1
..
..
4.4
..
..
..
..
..
2.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.6
..
..
..

Female

Male

Malaria

2013

2013

2012

47
45
40
60
54
50
49
76
52
52
38
..
..
43
55
37
38
41
50
42
57
52
46
51
49
40
38
57
41
64
69

73
78
66
100
69
92
82
128
81
80
69
..
..
69
88
61
93
72
79
81
98
109
91
114
112
86
69
127
98
195
101

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

2.8
7.0
2.2
6.0
4.5
4.0
5.3
13.4
11.9
7.0
7.1
3.1
5.2
5.2
7.4
3.8
8.1
4.9

3.6
8.2
3.0
7.2
5.2
4.9
6.1
15.5
13.3
8.2
8.2
3.8
6.1
6.1
8.4
4.5
9.5
5.3

..
11.6
..
..
..
..
..
9.3
8.2
..
1.8
..
..
13.6
..
..
4.3
9.4

3.7
8.6
9.8
10.5
9.5
10.4
14.6
13.3
7.7
10.1
15.1
15.4
7.2
12.5
12.2
19.0
5.8
5.0
7.8
8.4
14.4
12.9
16.5
8.2
12.5
12.3

4.9
10.1
11.4
12.0
11.1
12.9
16.3
14.4
9.3
11.6
17.5
17.9
8.5
14.3
14.2
21.3
6.6
6.2
9.1
9.6
16.8
14.9
19.2
9.6
14.5
13.7

4.5
..
9.8
12.8
10.7
..
13.1
..
..
8.8
..
19.1
17.2
13.6
7.7
5.3
6.6
7.0
16.5
5.6
6.8
13.4
12.3
14.7
13.6
7.1

c
c

c
c
c
c

c
c

36
50
43
67
70
88
41
67
83
59
55
48
91
54
85
58
42
79

75
72
90
168
186
254
75
89
151
84
107
111
201
70
224
135
59
152

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

100
126
73
81
79
88
146
65
145
83
106
81
86
95
99
129
84
73
46
64
83
88
73
75
93
97

299
339
116
205
148
141
322
116
201
189
156
149
169
202
214
229
172
115
70
111
153
198
147
184
174
197

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
1.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6

11.7
7.8
29.9
10.7
16.0
5.8
8.6
21.6
12.9
13.3
14.0
5.7
19.1
12.7
10.9
20.0
26.4
11.3
10.2
12.4
13.1
14.5
17.2
14.3
10.4
14.3
23.6
20.3
8.4
15.5

13.1
10.2
34.2
11.8
18.7
6.6
10.0
25.2
16.7
14.9
15.6
6.6
22.5
14.5
12.7
23.6
31.8
13.1
11.4
14.5
15.2
16.9
19.0
16.6
12.1
16.7
28.1
22.8
9.9
18.1

11.3
..
26.8
..
7.8
4.9
3.7
15.9
18.4
23.1
20.8
8.9
25.3
2.5
9.4
7.5
15.9
16.3
..
21.0
10.1
12.7
..
4.8
2.2
19.3
10.1
8.8
20.3
6.4

36.3
13.3
18.6
46.6
39.1
24.5
18.7
18.6
36.7
23.5
13.5
32.8
19.0

46.6
15.4
21.8
55.2
56.1
29.3
21.9
21.8
42.5
29.9
15.7
43.9
23.8

31.4
11.3
30.7
28.1
17.5
36.4
17.5
10.9
19.6
30.3
20.6
23.9
23.3

c
c

c
c

66
79
83
120
96
71
114
121
90
85
95
64
85
85
76
143
148
90
116
80
69
73
110
105
245
78
146
94
55
97

174
165
167
194
131
134
295
164
116
118
227
138
157
177
103
239
309
177
219
117
130
148
169
173
115
145
160
171
86
166

0.0
..
0.1
..
..
..
..
0.0
0.7
..
..
..
0.0
..
0.0
..
..
0.9
..
..
..
0.9
..
..
..
0.0
0.1
1.2
..
..

254
106
117
200
235
121
96
..
130
136
136
320
69

321
277
193
376
296
176
178
..
210
255
290
441
189

0.4
..
..
..
67.4
9.8
0.0
..
..
0.1
0.0
2.2
0.2

31.2
21.6
28.0
21.9
29.8
29.9
20.0
26.1
35.2
25.8
40.9
41.4
18.9
29.7
46.2
11.9
14.6
35.6
45.1
69.3
55.8
52.3
53.8
33.2
32.5
36.7

39.1
24.2
34.0
26.0
36.4
36.6
23.5
30.4
49.8
31.0
47.7
52.7
22.2
36.2
54.6
14.6
16.9
49.1
58.2
95.8
87.4
78.4
71.4
41.1
37.9
51.0

27.2
17.8
22.6
21.4
..
19.5
23.0
14.9
29.6
48.0
26.8
47.9
22.7
33.6
57.7
27.5
25.9
25.0
..
26.2
45.8
22.7
43.8
41.4
40.9
31.6

47.5
32.2
69.0
39.8
101.6
55.9
36.4
74.3
60.8
39.6
55.0
67.1
25.1
47.3
57.9
40.4
73.0
55.8

70.7
39.7
85.5
50.5
167.4
80.0
51.8
117.4
94.5
56.0
88.5
90.1
30.1
61.4
77.9
51.3
98.0
84.7

35.2
40.5
45.0
35.1
29.2
31.0
34.8
36.4
32.6
49.2
32.3
22.0
32.8
49.5
32.1
46.6
39.0
29.8

172
130
104
68
154
256
116
121
177
126
153
158
120
212
164
73
113
280
134
319
303
222
158
126
157
168

247
272
203
144
181
377
200
170
255
236
176
239
173
219
208
116
161
323
206
368
356
261
197
156
210
221

0.1
0.0
..
0.0
..
23.6
0.1
..
0.1
0.0
0.0
4.1
0.1
0.0
16.2
..
3.7
103.8
..
69.3
79.2
67.0
9.5
13.9
3.7
42.5

250
159
155
183
322
496
244
325
341
208
288
187
162
243
234
211
492
279

299
192
189
240
372
515
314
357
370
257
385
234
203
319
281
255
577
323

49.6
0.2
1.8
11.3
100.9
1.2
50.5
106.6
64.7
41.4
18.4
67.2
5.5
40.3
70.4
10.0
..
82.8

54.7
37.1
43.8
56.2
51.2
57.4
64.1
43.9
70.2
71.3
44.2
44.4
49.4
86.1
53.6
77.9
77.6
61.5
107.2
64.9
64.1
54.8
88.5
36.1
96.1
59.9

72.8
52.0
66.1
85.3
76.6
69.6
99.2
55.3
97.3
100.0
67.9
64.4
73.8
118.5
71.1
123.9
122.7
87.2
160.6
100.7
97.6
82.9
147.5
49.9
139.2
104.2

21.9
44.3
33.7
44.7
35.0
33.5
31.1
19.2
59.3
29.6
47.8
44.2
23.4
43.5
41.8
32.2
38.5
43.1
44.9
31.3
32.9
57.5
38.7
50.3
40.7
43.0

221
196
307
238
212
245
323
192
232
398
290
198
240
320
240
325
275
432
423
267
256
300
377
229
412
241

263
246
380
284
274
286
353
244
252
410
362
239
295
379
279
393
277
438
444
301
298
359
410
301
433
252

5.1
33.2
57.9
79.6
16.5
27.9
55.4
59.5
0.2
70.6
62.9
48.1
83.7
106.6
69.2
96.2
92.1
71.4
108.7
104.8
103.3
63.7
152.6
3.6
114.9
131.1

21.7
30.6
3.0
29.9
2.8
89.8
24.4

27.4
37.5
3.7
36.6
3.1
145.6
29.2

27.9
..
..
24.0
..
42.1
10.0

111
104
48
44
46
289
182

183
153
105
88
54
339
236

0.0
..
..
..
..
33.5
..

5.1
12.0
35.2
61.5

6.0
13.9
44.5
89.4

..
10.6
40.2
39.5

57
85
148
249

106
143
225
291

..
..
6.6
54.5

37

49.3

31.0

134

192

14.0

28.6
16.1

37.6
19.5

25.7
18.1

124
89

172
130

..
1.8

c
c

20.9
15.2
43.2
60.8

23.8
17.9
54.9
91.2

14.3
13.9
45.1
37.2

102
96
151
288

216
177
222
337

..
0.6
4.4
72.9

54.6
36.8

78.8
47.8

40.5
23.7

223
153

266
202

47.3
..

6.5

7.6

..

60

113

..

29.7

120

181

..

33.6

45.6

ho are fed exclusively with breast milk in the 24 hours prior to the survey.
ts who have not received their first dose of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine.
nfants who have not received the first dose of measles vaccine.
expressed per 1,000 live births.
ge 5, expressed per 1,000 live births.
e than two standard deveiations below the median height-for-age of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standa
age 60, expressed per 1,000 people.
nd probable cases, expressed per 100,000 people.
onfirmed and probable cases, expressed per 100,000 people.
iving with HIV.
could expect to live if prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates stay the same throughout the rest of his or her life.
specialists, expressed per 10,000 people.
overnment (central and local) budgets, external borrowing and grants (including donations from international agencies and nong

Deaths due to
HIV prevalence,
adult

Life
expectancy at
age 60

Physicians

Public health
expenditure

Tuberculosis

(% ages 1549)

(years)

(per 10,000 people)

(% of GDP)

2012

2013

2010/2015

0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
1.7
2.6
..
0.1
0.5
0.3
5.4
0.2
0.4
1.7
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.3
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.7
2.8
3.0

..
0.2
0.3
0.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.4
0.3
0.1
..
1.3
..

24.0
25.1
25.0
22.4
23.5
23.5
23.4
23.2
24.4
24.1
24.5
25.4
..
24.1
23.5
24.3
24.0
24.3
23.4
26.1
23.6
25.1
23.9
23.8
22.8
24.8
24.7
21.1
23.5
20.2
21.4

per 100,000 people)

20012013

37.4
32.7
39.4
34.2
31.5
38.1
27.2
24.5
20.7
27.4
19.2
..
..
32.7
27.9
34.8
21.4
33.5
28.2
23.0
29.9
31.8
48.3
29.1
25.2
37.0
40.9
36.2
43.8
32.6
15.0

2013

9.6
9.0
11.5
10.6
12.9
11.3
8.9
17.1
10.9
9.7
4.6
..
..
9.7
9.1
9.1
7.2
7.2
7.1
10.3
11.2
11.7
11.0
9.4
9.2
8.9
9.1
7.2
9.8
5.7
2.5

0.2
0.2
0.9
0.6
1.8
3.0
0.4
3.9
1.3
0.1
1.2
1.3
0.7
0.3
2.6
1.4
0.9
0.2

0.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

22.0
21.2
..
19.8
21.1
19.1
22.3
19.2
21.4
19.8
23.6
23.2
19.9
19.5
19.1
20.6
17.6
19.2

22.9
77.4
37.0
30.0
22.0
41.2
35.0
7.7
31.6
19.3
10.2
34.2
29.6
9.1
28.8
28.4
17.9
19.8

7.4
2.2
8.1
8.2
6.7
6.2
8.7
3.2
7.3
3.2
7.7
9.7
8.0
4.9
5.7
7.3
2.9
6.5

6.0
13.0
0.9
5.6
1.5
0.4
7.8
0.7
1.4
2.0
4.4
4.9
5.4
1.0
1.8
2.1
1.5
0.3
1.5
0.8
2.9
2.4
0.5
1.1
1.8
2.5

0.5
..
..
0.1
0.7
3.2
..
0.9
..
..
..
0.6
0.4
1.1
..
1.7
0.1
0.2
..
0.2
0.1
0.6
..
0.1
0.2
0.5

17.1
17.5
20.5
19.4
21.8
22.3
16.5
19.5
21.5
18.8
..
23.9
19.0
19.3
19.4
17.8
18.7
22.9
22.7
23.8
19.9
21.1
20.9
19.6
22.7
21.8

37.6
43.1
22.2
23.9
37.4
28.2
35.8
18.1
..
38.1
13.8
15.5
12.0
10.6
15.1
11.8
21.1
67.2
32.0
11.1
8.9
19.4
17.1
6.8
21.0
18.9

6.1
6.5
2.6
5.3
8.8
7.3
4.3
6.8
4.9
7.6
9.9
7.2
4.0
4.8
4.0
5.3
10.6
8.8
7.2
9.9
6.7
3.4
5.6
3.2
6.2
9.7

4.5
2.5
4.2
1.0
0.5
0.8
13.0
15.0
5.1
0.3
6.3
5.2
2.7
1.2
3.2
1.7
7.2
14.0
2.0
6.8
2.9
1.6
2.6
0.2
2.5
4.3
4.4
2.6
2.0
3.2

0.3
..
0.2
..
..
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.2
..
0.4
..
..
0.1
0.1
1.1
..
..
0.1
0.5
..
1.8
..
1.5
0.7
0.9
0.1
..

21.0
18.0
0.5
8.4
44.0
27.0
3.0
0.2
2.1
24.0
1.0
59.0
20.0

21.9
0.6
0.1
..
3.9
0.5
0.4
..
0.2
..
0.5
19.1
0.4

19.8
..
18.3
18.5
19.0
19.1
17.4
17.9
21.5
21.1
20.0
20.2
23.6
21.0
19.5
17.0
16.3
21.4
..
19.7
20.2
21.3
19.7
21.3
18.6
21.5
21.9
18.5
21.0
18.9

42.4
11.7
34.3
6.6
25.6
26.2
35.3
12.1
11.3
11.5
26.9
16.9
16.9
4.7
14.6
4.3
27.6
3.9
15.9
19.0
12.2
14.7
5.3
4.1
5.6
8.3
14.9
9.1
14.2
4.5

9.4
6.3
5.6
6.3
7.2
6.4
7.8
6.6
5.3
5.9
4.5
9.6
6.4
8.5
5.6
4.1
6.0
4.6
6.0
4.3
7.1
6.8
5.2
5.8
4.7
5.4
5.4
4.8
10.8
7.5

16.4
16.2
17.5
17.0
18.2
17.8
20.8
18.7
18.3
17.0
22.0
16.0
22.4

3.4
28.6
28.3
41.8
2.9
2.0
11.1
..
23.8
11.5
16.0
7.8
11.6

5.4
11.8
5.1
2.0
3.8
3.1
9.0
..
6.1
4.4
6.9
8.9
6.0

21.0
9.5
2.9
23.0
24.0
15.0
3.1
9.2
14.0
2.1
7.6
22.0
2.9
14.0
74.0
2.1
7.9
42.0
17.0
0.0
28.0
6.9
11.0
45.0
63.0
16.0

0.2
0.2
..
0.5
..
1.4
0.2
0.2
14.3
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.1
..
..
..
2.5
..
..
12.5
1.3
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.6

22.0
20.0
34.0
48.0
42.0
63.0
13.0
16.0
29.0
46.0
33.0
93.0
15.0
54.0
6.3
5.6
17.0
8.7

6.0
0.2
0.1
0.6
2.4
27.4
5.0
3.2
4.3
0.4
15.0
..
..
0.6
..
0.1
22.9
2.3

18.6
16.8
17.5
19.9
17.3
16.6
22.2
17.9
17.3
21.5
18.2
17.0
22.1
19.5
16.9
19.9
18.0
17.1
17.4
15.9
17.0
15.5
17.1
18.4
23.8
18.2

4.7
19.6
6.1
3.0
1.8
2.1
3.7
6.2
3.7
9.3
19.0
7.0
3.7
2.6
0.7
15.0
1.2
1.0
3.8
3.0
0.7
1.0
1.8
3.6
2.3
4.9

6.1
6.7
5.2
4.4
12.6
6.5
8.3
6.0
7.7
6.5
6.8
4.0
8.6
3.6
1.3
3.3
3.9
4.1
10.1
3.5
5.0
5.4
2.0
3.7
7.5
6.9

17.8
17.1
17.4
16.6
15.7
16.3
17.9
13.7
16.4
16.9
18.8
16.4
16.9
14.9
15.9
16.2
15.5
14.5

1.8
2.1
8.3
6.1
1.7
1.7
0.1
4.1
0.8
1.6
0.6
1.3
2.2
0.5
1.5
2.0
0.5
0.5

4.5
6.0
2.8
1.8
3.8
8.4
7.3
3.9
5.1
4.2
..
3.8
5.1
4.5
5.8
5.4
11.5
8.6

25.0
10.0
13.0
9.4
22.0
76.0
30.0
20.0
37.0
22.0
9.0
18.0
51.0
54.0
46.0
29.0
9.0
53.0
143.0
23.0
8.5
18.0
18.0
4.6
50.0
16.0

2.0
2.9
7.4
1.1
0.2
0.9
2.2
0.5
0.1
2.7
10.3
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
3.7
0.9
10.8
1.6
1.7
0.9
1.0
2.5
0.6
3.8
0.4

17.2
17.8
17.5
15.6
17.4
17.5
16.4
16.2
15.9
13.9
17.0
17.8
15.2
15.2
15.4
14.9
15.4
16.8
12.5
14.8
15.1
16.0
15.6
15.1
15.9
15.5

..
0.6
1.2
0.6
2.8
2.3
..
0.6
2.3
1.4
0.2
0.3
1.1
1.1
0.1
0.7
0.8
0.4
0.2
1.0
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.2

9.4
11.1
9.8
4.6
6.5
8.9
2.2
4.2
8.1
5.7
8.3
5.1
6.0
3.5
10.0
5.5
7.1
6.8
11.8
4.7
6.4
8.0
3.6
3.0
3.9
6.5

9.0
111.0
0.1
9.5
0.0
64.0
37.0

..
..
..
..
..
0.5
..

16.8
..
..
..
..
16.1
..

32.9
4.4
71.7
7.1
51.3
0.4
10.9

..
16.5
4.0
..
6.5
..
19.7

0.9
4.2
23.0
27.3

0.3
0.4
0.9
2.4

23.0
20.0
18.5
16.2

27.9
17.6
7.7
2.9

12.2
6.2
4.6
4.5

15.8

1.2

19.0

10.3

5.6

8.2
10.2

0.1
0.6

19.0
18.5

13.8
12.2

4.1
5.3

5.2
3.0
24.4
26.4

0.4
0.5
0.2
4.7

18.7
21.2
18.6
16.6

25.9
18.9
6.8
1.9

5.9
7.6
4.3
5.6

32.1
16.5

1.9
1.1

16.8
19.3

1.8
22.6

5.2
6.5

0.9

..

23.4

27.0

12.3

13.4

1.1

20.7

13.8

9.9

zation (WHO) Child Growth Standards.

out the rest of his or her life.

om international agencies and nongovernmental organizations) and social (or compulsory) health insurance

Table 10: Education achievements

Literacy rate

Youth
(% ages 1524)

Adult
HDI rank

Country

(% ages 15
and older)
20052013

1
2
3
4
5
6
6
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Norway
Australia
Switzerland
Denmark
Netherlands
Germany
Ireland
United States
Canada
New Zealand
Singapore
Hong Kong, China (SAR)
Liechtenstein
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Korea (Republic of)
Israel
Luxembourg
Japan
Belgium
France
Austria
Finland
Slovenia
Spain
Italy
Czech Republic
Greece

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
96.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
97.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
99.7
97.9
99.0
..
97.4

Female
d

20052013

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
99.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
99.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
99.9
99.7
99.9
..
99.3

30
31
32
32
34
35
36
37
37
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
50
52
52
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
60
62
63
64
64
66
67
67
69
69
71
72
73

Estonia
Brunei Darussalam
Cyprus
Qatar
Andorra
Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Malta
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
United Arab Emirates
Chile
Portugal
Hungary
Bahrain
Latvia
Croatia
Kuwait
Montenegro
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Belarus
Russian Federation
Oman
Romania
Uruguay
Bahamas
Kazakhstan
Barbados
Antigua and Barbuda
Bulgaria
Palau
Panama
Malaysia
Mauritius
Seychelles
Trinidad and Tobago
Serbia
Cuba
Lebanon
Costa Rica
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Turkey
Sri Lanka

99.9
95.4
98.7
96.7
..
..
99.7
99.8
92.4
94.4
97.9
90.0
98.6
94.5
99.4
94.6
99.9
99.1
95.5
98.4

100.0
99.7
99.8
99.8
..
..
100.0
99.9
99.1
99.1
99.4
97.0
98.9
99.5
99.5
97.6
99.9
99.7
98.8
99.1

99.6
99.7
86.9
98.6
98.4
..
99.7
..
99.0
98.4
99.5
94.1
93.1
89.2
91.8
98.8
98.2
99.8
89.6
97.4
84.3
95.5
94.9
91.2

99.8
99.8
98.2
99.0
99.3
..
99.9
..
..
97.7
99.8
97.3
98.5
98.6
99.4
99.6
99.2
100.0
99.1
99.3
97.7
98.8
98.4
98.6

74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
81
83
84
85
85
85
88
89
90
90
90
93
94
94
96
97
97
99
100
101
101
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
110
112
113
114
115
116

Mexico
Brazil
Georgia
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Azerbaijan
Grenada
Jordan
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Ukraine
Algeria
Peru
Albania
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ecuador
Saint Lucia
China
Fiji
Mongolia
Thailand
Dominica
Libya
Tunisia
Colombia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Jamaica
Tonga
Belize
Dominican Republic
Suriname
Maldives
Samoa
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Botswana
Moldova (Republic of)
Egypt
Turkmenistan
Gabon
Indonesia
Paraguay
Palestine, State of
Uzbekistan
Philippines
El Salvador

94.2
91.3
99.7
..
99.8
..
97.9
97.5
99.7
72.6
93.8
96.8
99.6
98.2
93.3
..
95.1
..
98.3
96.4
..
89.9
79.7
93.6
..
87.5
99.4
..
90.9
94.7
98.4
98.9

99.0
99.0
99.9
..
99.9
..
99.2
98.5
99.8
89.1
98.7
98.9
99.8
99.7
98.6
..
99.6
..
98.9
96.6
..
99.9
96.3
98.7
..
98.6
99.5
..
98.3
98.8
99.4
99.6

86.7
99.1
73.9
99.6
82.3
92.8
93.9
95.9
99.5
95.4
85.5

97.9
100.0
86.1
99.9
89.4
98.8
98.7
99.2
100.0
98.5
96.9

116
116
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
126
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
134
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
143
145
145
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
156
158

South Africa
Viet Nam
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Kyrgyzstan
Iraq
Cabo Verde
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Guyana
Nicaragua
Morocco
Namibia
Guatemala
Tajikistan
India
Honduras
Bhutan
Timor-Leste
Syrian Arab Republic
Vanuatu
Congo
Kiribati
Equatorial Guinea
Zambia
Ghana
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Sao Tome and Principe
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Kenya
Nepal
Pakistan
Myanmar
Angola
Swaziland
Tanzania (United Republic of)
Nigeria
Cameroon
Madagascar
Zimbabwe
Mauritania
Solomon Islands
Papua New Guinea

93.7
93.5
94.5
99.2
79.0
85.3
..
85.0
78.0
67.1
76.5
78.3
99.7
62.8
85.4
52.8
58.3
85.1
83.4
79.3
..
94.5
61.4
71.5
72.7
58.8
73.9
69.5

99.3
96.8
98.8
99.8
80.6
98.4
..
93.7
88.8
74.0
90.6
91.9
99.9
74.4
96.0
68.0
78.6
94.5
95.1
76.9
..
98.5
58.5
83.2
78.7
81.9
85.9
77.3

72.2
57.4
54.7
92.6
70.6
83.1
67.8
51.1
71.3
64.5
83.6
45.5
..
62.9

81.6
77.5
63.1
95.8
66.4
94.7
72.8
58.0
76.4
64.0
92.1
47.7
..
75.8

159
160
161
162
163
163
163
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188

Comoros
Yemen
Lesotho
Togo
Haiti
Rwanda
Uganda
Benin
Sudan
Djibouti
South Sudan
Senegal
Afghanistan
Cte d'Ivoire
Malawi
Ethiopia
Gambia
Congo (Democratic Republic of the)
Liberia
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Sierra Leone
Guinea
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Chad
Eritrea
Central African Republic
Niger
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of)
Marshall Islands
Monaco
Nauru
San Marino
Somalia
Tuvalu

75.9
66.4
75.8
60.4
48.7
65.9
73.2
28.7
73.4
..
..
52.1
31.7
41.0
61.3
39.0
52.0
61.2
42.9
56.7
33.6
50.6
44.5
25.3
28.7
86.9
37.3
70.5
36.8
15.5

86.5
77.8
92.1
72.7
70.5
78.0
85.5
30.8
85.5
..
..
59.0
32.1
38.8
70.0
47.0
65.5
53.3
37.2
68.9
39.0
56.5
53.8
21.8
33.1
88.1
44.0
88.7
27.0
15.1

100.0
..
..
..
..
..
..

100.0
..
..
..
..
..
..

Human development groups

Very high human development
High human development
Medium human development
Low human development

..
94.5
71.8
57.1

..
99.0
82.2
62.7

Developing countries

79.9

84.1

Regions
Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa

78.0
94.5
98.0
92.3
62.5
58.4

86.9
98.7
99.3
98.0
74.3
62.7

Least developed countries

Small island developing states

58.4
80.1

65.9
86.7

..

..

81.2

84.7

Organisation for Economic Co-operation

World

Notes
a. Average score for Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develoment (OECD) countries is 496.
b. Average score for OECD countries is 494.
c. Average score for OECD countries is 501.
d. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
e. Refers to population ages 2564.
f. Refers to population ages 2574.
g. Refers to 2007.
h. Barro and Lee (2014) estimate for 2010 based on data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific
i. Refers to 2005.
j. Refers to 2003.
k. Refers to 2004.
l. Refers to 2006.
m. Refers to Shanghai only.

Primary school dropout rate: Percentage of

students
from a given cohort that have enrolled in
DEFINITIONS
primary school but that drop out before reaching
Adult literacy rate: Percentage of the population ages 15 and older who can, with understanding, both read and wr
the last grade of primary education. It is
Youth
literacy
rate:
Percentage
of the
population
calculated
as 100
minus
the survival
rate
to the ages 1524 who can, with understanding, both read and write a s
Population
with
at
least
some
secondary
Percentage of the population ages 25 and older that has re
last grade of primary education and assumeseducation:
that
Gross
enrolment
ratio:
Total
enrolment
in
a
given
level
of education (pre-primary, primary, secondary or tertiary), re
observed flow rates remain unchanged
throughout the cohort life and that dropouts do
not re-enter school.
Performance of 15-year-old students in reading, mathematics and science: Score obtained in testing of skills a
Primary school teachers trained to teach: Percentage of primary school teachers that have received the minimum
Pupilteacher ratio, primary school: Average number of pupils per teacher in primary education in a given school
Public expenditure on education: Current and capital spending on education, expressed as a percentage of GDP

Main data sources

Columns 19, 13 and 14: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015).

Columns 1012: OECD (2014).

Column 15: World Bank (2015b).

cy rate

Gross enrolment ratio

Youth
(% ages 1524)

Male
20052013

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
99.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
99.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
99.8
99.6
99.9
..
99.4

Population
with at
least some
secondary
education

Pre-primary

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

(% ages 25 and
older)

(% of
preschool-age
children)

(% of primary
schoolage
population)

(% of
secondary
schoolage
population)

(% of tertiary
schoolage
population)

20052013

97.1
94.4
95.7
96.1
89.0
96.6
79.6
95.0
100.0
95.2
77.4
75.4
..
86.9
99.9
91.3
82.9
85.8
100.0
86.4
80.1
80.5
100.0
100.0
96.9
69.8
75.7
99.8
63.2

20082014

99
108
100
102
91
113
52
74
72
92
..
101
99
95
84
97
118
101
92
88
118
110
103
70
94
127
99
103
76

20082014

99
105
103
101
106
100
104
98
98
99
..
105
104
102
109
98
103
106
97
102
103
107
101
100
99
103
99
100
102

20082014

111
136
96
125
130
101
119
94
103
120
..
99
110
98
95
112
97
101
100
102
107
110
98
108
98
131
99
97
109

20082014

74
86
56
80
77
62
71
94
..
80
..
67
42
70
62
81
98
68
20
61
71
58
72
94
86
85
62
64
117

99.9
99.8
99.8
98.7
..
..
100.0
99.8
97.5
99.3
99.1
93.6
98.9
99.4
99.3
98.6
99.8
99.7
98.7
99.4

100.0
65.9
78.7
60.5
49.4
99.3
82.3
91.4
73.3
66.5
56.9
64.3
74.8
48.0
98.3
54.9
98.9
89.1
56.0
89.2

99.8
99.7
97.4
99.0
98.6
..
99.8
..
..
98.1
99.8
97.9
98.4
97.7
98.8
99.6
99.3
100.0
98.4
99.0
98.3
98.3
99.6
97.7

89.3
90.9
53.9
88.9
52.5
..
99.3
88.7
..
94.3
..
52.0
68.2
53.6
..
59.3
65.6
76.5
54.2
50.6
65.1
53.7
49.4
74.0

f
h

f
h

93
64
78
58
..
91
78
76
116
13
76
79
114
86
87
50
92
63
81
61
104
91
52
77
89
..
58
79
89
86
65
70
84
113
113
83
58
98
102
77
38
76
31
89

98
94
100
103
..
102
101
99
96
106
124
108
101
106
100
..
103
97
106
101
98
101
113
94
112
108
106
105
98
100
103
99
101
108
108
106
101
98
113
103
119
102
100
98

107
106
95
112
..
94
98
106
86
116
107
..
89
113
102
96
98
98
100
91
105
95
94
95
90
93
98
105
105
93
89
73
71
96
80
86
94
92
75
109
86
93
86
99

77
24
46
14
..
55
73
74
41
58
80
..
74
69
60
33
65
62
28
56
93
76
28
52
63
..
45
61
23
63
46
43
37
41
1
12
56
48
48
48
55
78
69
17

98.7
98.2
99.7
..
100.0
..
99.0
98.8
99.7
94.4
98.7
98.7
99.7
99.7
98.6
..
99.7
..
98.0
96.6
..
99.9
98.2
97.8
..
93.3
99.4
..
96.8
98.0
99.2
99.4

58.0
53.6
..
..
95.5
..
74.1
..
93.6
28.9
61.1
84.8
94.5
56.8
39.8
..
65.3
64.3
84.8
38.1
..
48.5
39.3
56.3
..
72.2
87.9
76.1
54.4
45.9
30.1
..

94.2
100.0
92.4
99.8
87.4
98.8
98.5
99.3
99.9
97.0
96.2

75.7
95.0
52.1
..
45.2
44.5
38.8
56.7
..
64.8
39.8

101
69
58
82
25
99
34
29
83
79
86
71
46
..
167
60
70
18
86
119
99
10
40
49
78
92
35
49
42
96
82
34
18
82
27
47
35
48
35
48
25
51
62

105
136
103
85
98
103
98
89
105
117
102
100
102
..
112
100
128
105
109
93
118
114
110
115
105
92
110
118
103
113
98
105
106
94
113
89
165
109
95
95
93
106
110

86
105
101
101
100
108
88
83
99
98
94
82
97
..
103
88
89
88
92
87
97
104
91
93
103
78
91
86
76
76
72
86
82
88
86
85
..
83
70
82
105
85
70

29
26
33
18
20
53
47
38
79
31
41
56
46
..
41
14
27
16
62
51
..
61
35
48
..
29
6
26
46
..
13
..
18
41
30
8
9
32
35
46
9
28
25

98.5
97.4
99.2
99.7
83.7
97.9
..
92.4
85.2
88.8
83.2
95.5
99.9
88.4
94.0
80.0
80.5
96.6
94.7
85.7
..
97.7
70.3
88.3
89.2
78.0
88.4
83.1

74.3
65.0
53.1
95.6
39.0
..
..
54.5
38.9
25.3
33.9
22.6
93.2
42.1
27.0
34.4
..
34.1
..
43.2
..
..
35.0
54.3
29.8
37.8
15.5
..

83.2
89.2
78.0
96.2
79.8
92.2
76.5
75.6
85.4
65.9
89.6
66.4
..
66.8

28.6
27.4
33.2
19.2
..
23.8
7.5
..
28.0
..
55.3
14.4
..
11.1

h
h

h
h
h
h

h
h

h
h

76
82
60
25
7
76
29
66
55
62
16
59
9
58
41
14
10
6
61
14
71
73
..
117
26
26
15
45
60
87
82
9
87
25
33
13
30
12
34
2
43
100

101
105
91
106
107
112
98
75
117
118
109
108
96
113
105
107
125
74
122
109
116
91
108
107
121
114
125
117
114
133
92
114
140
114
90
85
111
145
109
97
114
114

111
..
80
88
53
93
83
101
69
69
65
65
87
69
71
78
57
48
60
54
86
28
..
67
50
54
45
80
67
67
38
50
32
61
33
44
50
38
47
30
48
40

20
25
38
48
16
23
..
13
..
16
9
19
22
25
21
9
18
28
5
10
..
..
..
12
18
13
16
8
4
14
10
13
7
5
4
10
12
4
6
5
..
..

86.3
96.7
74.2
86.9
74.4
76.7
89.6
54.9
90.3
..
..
74.0
61.9
58.3
74.3
63.0
73.4
78.9
63.5
79.7
56.3
79.8
71.6
37.6
46.7
89.6
53.8
93.2
48.9
34.5

..
17.6
20.9
26.8
28.5
8.4
28.8
19.2
15.2
..
..
10.8
18.2
22.4
16.3
12.5
24.3
22.4
26.7
..
10.9
3.6
15.7
..
2.0
6.7
5.5
..
18.1
5.2

100.0
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
48
..
79
108
..
84

..
105
..
94
92
29
88

..
99.1
90.1
75.7

87.0
64.9
45.0
21.6

86
72
52
27

103
118
110
101

h
h

h
h

h
h
h

h
h
h

h
h

h
h

22
1
37
14
..
14
11
19
38
4
6
15
1
6
..
3
32
4
..
7
4
..
10
16
4
9
1
..
6
6

103
101
108
134
..
134
107
124
70
68
86
84
106
96
141
87
87
111
96
116
84
105
134
91
87
134
103
..
95
71

64
49
53
55
..
33
27
54
41
48
..
41
54
39
37
29
57
43
38
34
45
26
45
38
28
33
23
..
18
16
..
103
..
72
95
7
84

102
91
70
41

10
10
11
10
..
7
4
12
17
5
..
8
4
9
1
3
..
8
12
3
7
5
..
10
5
3
2
2
3
2
..
43
..
..
64
..
..

77
35
24
8

90.4

51.2

50

110

70

25

93.1
98.8
99.7
97.6
86.3
74.7

41.5
60.5
75.5
54.6
42.0
26.5

33
64
42
78
57
22

104
118
100
114
111
101

74
85
93
94
64
43

29
28
51
38
23
8

75.5
86.1

21.6
..

18
66

106
106

42
71

8
..

..

84.5

87

102

98

71

90.8

59.7

54

109

74

32

veloment (OECD) countries is 496.

ited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics.

n, with understanding, both read and write a short simple statement on their everyday life.
understanding, both read and write a short simple statement on their everyday life.
opulation ages 25 and older that has reached at least a secondary level of education.
mary, primary, secondary or tertiary), regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the official school-age population for the same level

ce: Score obtained in testing of skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students in these subjects essential for participation in society.
eachers that have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching at the primary level.
in primary education in a given school year.
on, expressed as a percentage of GDP.

Education quality

Primary
school
dropout rate

Performance of 15-year-old
students

(% of primary
school cohort)
20082014

1.5
..
..
1.1
..
3.8
..
..
..
..
1.3
1.0
20.6
4.4
..
2.1
0.8
1.1
..
0.2
13.5
..
0.3
0.4
1.2
2.9
0.7
0.7
5.6

Reading a
d

Mathematics

Science c

Pupilteache
r ratio,
primar
y
school

Primary
school
teachers
trained to
teach

(%)

2012

2012

2012

20082014

504
512
509
496
511
508
523
498
523
512
542
545
516
483
499
483
536
486
488
538
509
505
490
524
481
488
490
493
477

489
504
531
500
523
514
501
481
518
500
573
561
535
478
494
493
554
466
490
536
515
495
506
519
501
484
485
499
453

495
521
515
498
522
524
522
497
525
516
551
555
525
485
514
478
538
470
491
547
505
499
506
545
514
496
494
508
467

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
94
96
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

(number
of pupils
per
teacher)
2008
2014

..
..
11
..
12
12
16
14
..
15
17
14
7
10
18
10
18
13
8
17
11
18
11
14
17
13
10
19
9

3.0
3.6
4.7
2.3
..
2.0
1.5
2.5
5.5
1.3
2.9
8.0
1.3
..
1.9
2.2
9.7
0.6
5.9
19.5
1.3
3.4
6.4
6.0
5.3
10.5
0.7
6.6
8.7
3.1
..
8.4
0.9
4.2
15.1
10.6
0.8
4.2
6.7
12.3
3.8
4.9
10.0
3.4

516
..
449
388
..
463
518
477
..
..
396
442
441
488
488
..
489
485
..
422

521
..
440
376
..
482
518
479
..
..
388
434
423
487
477
..
491
471
..
410

541
..
438
384
..
471
526
496
..
..
406
448
445
489
494
..
502
491
..
410

..
85
..
58
100
..
..
..
..
91
..
100
..
..
..
82
..
100
77
..

..
475
..
438
411
..
393
..
..
436
..
..
398
..
..
..
446
..
..
441
..
..
475
..

..
482
..
445
409
..
432
..
..
439
..
..
421
..
..
..
449
..
..
407
..
..
448
..

..
486
..
439
416
..
425
..
..
446
..
..
420
..
..
..
445
..
..
429
..
..
463
..

100
..
..
..
..
92
..
55
60
..
..
90
..
100
87
88
56
100
91
97
100
..
..
82

12
10
14
10
9
15
10
12
11
10
16
16
21
12
10
12
11
14
9
..
15
20
20
18
14
14
16
13
14
17
..
25
12
20
13
18
15
9
12
16
26
..
20
24

4.2
19.4
0.2
7.2
1.8
..
2.1
2.5
0.6
7.2
26.1
1.3
4.4
17.2
11.1
10.4
..
3.5
9.1
..
13.6
..
5.9
15.3
31.4
13.9
9.6
9.1
8.9
9.7
17.2
10.0
7.0
5.4
3.9
..
..
11.0
19.9
3.5
1.9
24.2
16.2

424
410
..
..
..
..
399
..
..
..
384
394
..
..
..
..
570
..
..
441
..
..
404
403
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
396
..
..
..
..
..

413
391
..
..
..
..
386
..
..
..
368
394
..
..
..
..
613
..
..
427
..
..
388
376
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
375
..
..
..
..
..

415
405
..
..
..
..
409
..
..
..
373
397
..
..
..
..
580
..
..
444
..
..
398
399
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
382
..
..
..
..
..

96
..
95
65
100
65
..
..
100
99
..
32
77
..
85
89
..
100
100
..
65
..
100
97
83
70
..
49
85
94
77
..
100
..
..
..
100
..
..
100
100
..
96

28
21
9
15
12
16
20
15
16
23
18
19
19
17
19
17
18
28
28
16
15
..
17
25
15
21
21
23
24
13
11
30
25
16
28
..
25
19
22
24
16
31
24

23.0
5.5
3.3
2.9
..
8.6
..
7.8
51.6
10.7
15.5
33.3
2.0
..
30.3
21.1
16.4
6.8
28.5
29.7
21.1
27.9
44.5
16.3
26.7
33.8
35.8
33.9

22.4
39.6
37.8
25.2
68.1
32.7
33.3
20.7
30.2
62.0
..
35.9
25.1
..

g
j

..
508
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
511
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
528
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

87
100
..
72
100
96
..
70
75
100
96
..
100
..
87
91
..
..
100
80
85
49
93
52
98
58
100
48

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

97
94
85
100
47
68
99
66
79
19
88
100
63
..

29
19
24
24
17
23
..
23
30
26
30
26
22
35
34
24
31
..
22
44
25
26
48
30
26
40
47
31
57
24
43
28
43
29
43
38
46
40
36
35
21
..

44.6
40.5
43.2
36.1
..
65.3
75.2
46.8
20.1
15.6
..
38.6
..
26.9
40.3
63.4
27.0
29.3
32.2
..
38.4
68.4
52.2
41.4
30.9
52.5
49.0
31.0
53.4
30.7

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

75
..
72
82
..
96
95
47
68
96
44
48
..
83
91
57
82
94
56
39
52
87
57
75
86
95
65
90
58
97

28
30
33
41
..
60
46
44
46
33
50
32
45
41
69
54
36
35
26
52
41
55
35
44
46
45
62
41
80
39

..
16.5
..
..
3.8
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
74
..
..
..

..
..
..
22
6
36
19

2.0
9.0
18.1
39.4

..
95
83
78

14
19
30
41

j
k

g
k

25.3

84

27

8.8
17.3
3.7
13.8
22.8
37.9

91
..
94
93
80
75

23
19
17
22
35
42

39.6
15.1

76
88

41
18

2.8

..

16

17.6

..

25

..

..

lation for the same level of education.

pation in society.
at the primary level.

Public
expenditure
on education

(% of GDP)
20052014

6.6
5.1
5.3
8.7
5.9
5.0
6.2
5.2
5.3
7.4
2.9
3.8
2.1
6.8
6.0
7.4
4.9
5.6
..
3.8
6.5
5.7
5.8
6.8
5.7
5.0
4.3
4.5
4.1

5.2
3.8
7.2
2.4
3.1
4.1
4.9
5.2
8.0
5.1
5.1
..
4.6
5.3
4.7
2.7
4.9
4.2
3.8
..
5.1
4.1
4.2
3.1
4.4
..
3.1
5.6
2.6
3.8
..
3.3
5.9
3.7
3.6
..
0.1
12.8
2.6
6.9
3.7
6.9
2.9
1.7

5.1
5.8
2.0
4.2
2.4
..
..
..
6.7
4.3
3.3
3.3
2.3
..
4.4
4.7
..
4.2
5.5
7.6
..
..
6.2
4.9
5.1
6.3
..
6.6
3.8
..
6.2
5.8
9.5
8.3
3.8
3.0
..
3.6
5.0
..
..
3.4
3.4

6.2
6.3
6.4
6.8
..
5.0
..
3.2
4.4
6.6
8.5
2.8
4.0
3.8
..
5.5
9.4
4.9
5.0
6.2
..
..
1.3
8.1
2.8
2.2
2.6
9.5
6.6
4.7
2.5
0.8
3.5
7.8
6.2
..
3.0
2.7
2.0
3.8
9.9
..

7.6
4.6
13.0
4.0
..
5.1
3.3
5.3
2.2
4.5
0.7
5.6
..
4.6
5.4
4.7
4.1
1.6
2.8
..
4.8
5.0
2.9
2.5
3.4
5.8
2.3
2.1
1.2
4.4
..
..
1.6
..
..
..
..

5.1
4.9
4.1
3.6

4.7

4.3
4.9
3.4
5.5
3.5
5.1
3.4
7.6
5.1
5.0

Table 11: National income and composition of resources

Gross domestic product (GDP)

HDI rank

1
2
3
4
5
6
6
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
32
34
35

Country

Total
(2011 PPP $ billions)

Per capita
(2011 PPP $)

2013

2013

317.5
990.7
442.0
235.7
755.3
3,483.4
206.5
16,230.2
1,472.9
146.7
411.6
370.2
..
419.6
2,372.7
13.3
1,642.6
249.3
47.7
4,535.1
454.6
2,453.3
376.0
211.3
56.8
1,473.9
2,044.3
294.2
270.7
33.3
29.0
23.8
276.6
..
142.2

62,448
42,831
54,697
41,991
44,945
43,207
44,931
51,340
41,894
32,808
76,237
51,509
..
43,741
37,017
41,250
32,708
30,927
87,737
35,614
40,607
37,154
44,376
38,846
27,576
31,596
34,167
27,959
24,540
25,132
69,474
27,394
127,562
..
26,263

VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Norway
Australia
Switzerland
Denmark
Netherlands
Germany
Ireland
United States
Canada
New Zealand
Singapore
Hong Kong, China (SAR)
Liechtenstein
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Korea (Republic of)
Israel
Luxembourg
Japan
Belgium
France
Austria
Finland
Slovenia
Spain
Italy
Czech Republic
Greece
Estonia
Brunei Darussalam
Cyprus
Qatar
Andorra
Slovakia

36
37
37
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
50
52
52
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
60
62
63
64
64
66
67
67
69
69
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80

Poland
Lithuania
Malta
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
United Arab Emirates
Chile
Portugal
Hungary
Bahrain
Latvia
Croatia
Kuwait
Montenegro
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Belarus
Russian Federation
Oman
Romania
Uruguay
Bahamas
Kazakhstan
Barbados
Antigua and Barbuda
Bulgaria
Palau
Panama
Malaysia
Mauritius
Seychelles
Trinidad and Tobago
Serbia
Cuba
Lebanon
Costa Rica
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Turkey
Sri Lanka
Mexico
Brazil
Georgia
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Azerbaijan
Grenada
Jordan

881.5
72.4
12.2
1,501.1
..
525.1
382.6
267.7
226.8
56.5
43.9
85.3
267.7
8.8
161.4
3,381.5
147.6
363.3
64.6
8.5
382.8
4.3
1.8
114.0
0.3
72.6
671.3
21.6
2.1
39.5
92.4
211.9
74.3
65.4
1,168.7
535.6
1,398.3
193.1
1,992.9
2,916.3
31.1
1.1
156.3
1.2
73.7

22,877
24,483
28,828
52,068
..
57,045
21,714
25,596
22,914
42,444
21,825
20,063
82,358
14,152
17,055
23,564
44,532
18,200
18,966
22,518
22,467
15,299
20,353
15,695
14,612
18,793
22,589
16,648
23,799
29,469
12,893
18,796
16,623
13,431
15,090
17,615
18,660
9,426
16,291
14,555
6,946
20,709
16,594
11,272
11,407

81
81
83
84
85
85
85
88
89
90
90
90
93
94
94
96
97
97
99
100
101
101
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
110
112
113
114
115
116
116
116
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126

The former Yugoslav Republic of M

Ukraine
Algeria
Peru
Albania
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ecuador
Saint Lucia
China
Fiji
Mongolia
Thailand
Dominica
Libya
Tunisia
Colombia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Jamaica
Tonga
Belize
Dominican Republic
Suriname
Maldives
Samoa
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Botswana
Moldova (Republic of)
Egypt
Turkmenistan
Gabon
Indonesia
Paraguay
Palestine, State of
Uzbekistan
Philippines
El Salvador
South Africa
Viet Nam
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Kyrgyzstan
Iraq
Cabo Verde
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Guyana
Nicaragua
Morocco

24.5
387.0
505.5
346.2
28.9
22.4
35.9
165.9
1.9
15,643.2
6.6
25.9
933.6
0.7
126.3
117.2
581.1
1.1
23.4
0.5
2.7
122.7
8.4
3.9
1.1

11,609
8,508
12,893
11,396
10,405
7,527
9,387
10,541
10,152
11,525
7,502
9,132
13,932
10,011
20,371
10,768
12,025
10,154
8,607
5,134
8,215
11,795
15,556
11,283
5,584

30.8
16.1
880.8
71.0
31.2
2,312.4
53.3
18.7
151.3
622.5
47.6
641.4
459.7
63.3
17.8
483.6
3.1
0.3
5.1
27.3
233.9

15,247
4,521
10,733
13,555
18,646
9,254
7,833
4,484
5,002
6,326
7,515
12,106
5,125
5,934
3,110
14,471
6,210
3,286
6,336
4,494
6,967

126
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
134
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
143
145
145
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
156
158
159
160
161
162
163
163
163
166
167
168
169
170
171

Namibia
Guatemala
Tajikistan
India
Honduras
Bhutan
Timor-Leste
Syrian Arab Republic
Vanuatu
Congo
Kiribati
Equatorial Guinea
Zambia
Ghana
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Sao Tome and Principe
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Kenya
Nepal
Pakistan
Myanmar
Angola
Swaziland
Tanzania (United Republic of)
Nigeria
Cameroon
Madagascar
Zimbabwe
Mauritania
Solomon Islands
Papua New Guinea
Comoros
Yemen
Lesotho
Togo
Haiti
Rwanda
Uganda
Benin
Sudan
Djibouti
South Sudan
Senegal
Afghanistan

21.4
109.2
20.0
6,558.7
36.0
5.4
2.3
..
0.7
25.3
0.2
24.7
55.2
100.1
31.6
446.8
44.6
0.6
120.0
60.4
811.3
..
160.8
8.1
82.2
941.5
61.0
31.4
25.1
11.5
1.1
18.0
1.0
93.5
5.2
9.2
17.0
16.8
51.4
17.9
123.9
2.5
22.2
30.7
57.6

9,276
7,063
2,432
5,238
4,445
7,167
2,040
..
2,895
5,680
1,796
32,685
3,800
3,864
4,667
2,853
2,944
2,876
2,705
2,173
4,454
..
7,488
6,471
1,718
5,423
2,739
1,369
1,773
2,945
2,003
2,458
1,400
3,832
2,494
1,346
1,648
1,426
1,368
1,733
3,265
2,903
1,965
2,170
1,884

172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188

Cte d'Ivoire
Malawi
Ethiopia
Gambia
Congo (Democratic Republic of the)
Liberia
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Sierra Leone
Guinea
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Chad
Eritrea
Central African Republic
Niger
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of
Marshall Islands
Monaco
Nauru
San Marino
Somalia
Tuvalu

63.1
12.4
125.7
3.0
52.9
3.6
2.3
24.3
27.6
9.1
14.2
26.8
7.6
25.9
7.3
2.7
15.8

3,107
755
1,336
1,608
783
850
1,362
1,589
1,070
1,495
1,213
1,582
747
2,022
1,157
584
887

..
0.2
..
..
..
..
0.0

..
3,776
..
..
..
..
3,528

Human development groups

Very high human development
High human development
Medium human development
Low human development

46,814.6
33,466.1
13,654.0
3,205.5

41,395
13,549
6,106
2,904

Developing countries

49,538.3

8,696

Regions
Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa

5,508.7
20,776.2
3,005.8
7,911.4
9,305.8
2,977.6

16,697
10,779
12,929
13,877
5,324
3,339

Least developed countries

Small island developing states

1,770.8
513.1

2,122
9,391

Organisation for Economic Co-op

46,521.4

36,923

World

97,140.4

13,964

Notes
a. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
b. Refers to 2006.
c. Refers to 2008.
d. Refers to 2010.
e. Refers to 2009.
f. Refers to 2012.
g. Refers to 2011.
h. Refers to 2007.
i. Refers to 2004.
j. Refers to 2005.

DEFINITIONS
Gross domestic product (GDP): Sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plu
GDP per capita: GDP in a particular period divided by the total population for the same period.
Gross fixed capital formation: Value of acquisitions of new or existing fixed assets by the business sect

General government final consumption expenditure: All government current expenditures for purchas
Tax revenue: Compulsory transfers to the central government for public purposes, expressed as a perce
Taxes on income, profit and capital gain: Taxes levied on the actual or presumptive net income of indiv
Research and development expenditure: Current and capital expenditures (both public and private) on
Domestic credit provided by financial sector: Credit to various sectors on a gross basis (except credit
External debt stock: Debt owed to nonresidents repayable in foreign currency, goods or services, expres
Total debt service: Sum of principal repayments and interest actually paid in foreign currency, goods or s
Consumer price index: Index that reflects changes in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a b
Domestic food price level index: Food purchasing power parity rate divided by the general PPP rate. Th
Domestic food price level volatility index: A measure of variation of the domestic food price level index
Main data sources
Columns 112: World Bank (2015b).
Columns 13 and 14: FAO (2015a).

Gross fixed
capital
formation

Total
(% of GDP)

(% of GDP)
20052013

22.6
28.3
23.4
18.3
18.2
19.8
15.2
19.3
23.7
20.6
25.9
23.9
..
22.1
16.4
15.1
29.7
19.5
17.1
21.7
22.3
22.1
22.2
21.2
19.7
18.5
17.8
24.9
11.2
27.3
15.3
18.4
..
..
20.4

Total tax
revenue

General government final consumption

expenditure

20052013

21.9
17.7
11.0
26.7
26.3
19.3
17.5
15.2
21.7
18.7
10.2
9.3
..
26.2
20.2
24.3
14.9
22.5
17.3
20.6
24.4
24.1
19.8
24.9
20.4
19.5
19.4
19.6
20.0
19.1
18.3
19.7
12.9
..
18.1

Average annual growth

(%)
a

20052013

1.8
0.0
1.4
-0.5
-0.3
0.7
0.0
-1.3
0.6
1.9
9.9
2.3
..
1.6
0.7
0.8
2.7
3.5
5.0
1.9
1.1
2.0
0.7
1.5
-1.1
-2.9
-0.7
2.3
-6.5
2.8
1.1
0.5
10.1
..
2.4

(% of GDP)
a

20052013

27.3
21.4
9.8
33.4
19.7
11.5
22.0
10.6
11.5
29.3
14.0
12.5
..
20.7
25.3
22.3
14.4
22.1
25.5
10.1
24.9
21.4
18.3
20.0
17.5
7.1
22.4
13.4
22.4
16.3
..
25.5
14.7
..
12.2

18.8
17.4
14.3
23.2
17.0
22.0
23.6
15.1
19.9
19.2
22.2
19.3
18.0
19.2

18.1
18.7
20.2
22.1
15.5
6.8
12.4
19.0
19.9
14.4
15.5
20.0
16.7
19.8

2.1
-3.0
0.9
9.2
5.1
4.2
4.2
-1.9
3.2
10.7
-11.0
0.5
15.0
1.4

16.0
13.4
27.0
..
..
0.4
19.0
20.3
22.9
1.1
13.8
19.6
0.7
..

36.9
21.5
22.3
23.5
22.9
26.3
21.2
18.4
23.2
21.3
..
26.5
26.9
21.2
33.6
9.7
21.2
12.2
27.9
21.0
25.8
20.3
20.3
29.2
21.0
18.2
21.9
28.7
24.6
20.1
27.2

14.2
19.5
19.2
6.2
13.8
16.1
10.3
16.1
18.5
16.5
..
10.0
13.6
14.4
25.6
9.5
19.6
37.9
14.7
17.9
11.2
12.2
15.1
13.1
11.9
22.0
16.7
19.2
11.2
16.8
19.7

-2.6
0.5
10.0
2.3
4.2
3.7
1.7
..
..
2.8
..
-1.7
6.3
0.7
6.9
-0.6
2.1
2.7
23.2
3.9
-4.3
3.3
6.2
5.5
1.1
2.0
..
..
2.2
..
-11.4

15.1
15.1
2.6
18.8
19.3
15.5
..
25.2
18.6
19.0
..
..
16.1
19.0
31.2
28.3
19.7
..
15.5
13.6
8.4
15.5
20.4
12.0
..
15.4
24.1
20.2
13.0
18.7
15.3

24.8
18.2
33.8
26.6
26.2
20.9
17.9
27.9
23.3
47.3
21.1
44.2
26.7
12.0
27.9
20.2
24.5
24.9
19.7
33.1
17.8
21.5
24.9
40.4
..

17.5
19.4
18.9
11.2
10.7
14.5
22.8
14.1
14.8
14.1
15.0
11.3
13.8
19.1
9.3
19.0
16.7
18.5
16.3
18.9
15.1
10.1
23.3
16.8
..

-3.6
2.2
80.4
6.7
0.1
16.3
-0.5
7.7
..
8.2
..
-25.0
4.9
..
..
2.8
5.8
..
0.3
..
0.7
-6.4
..
..
..

16.7
18.2
37.4
16.5
..
18.7
20.9
..
23.0
10.6
23.2
18.2
16.5
21.8
..
21.0
13.2
23.0
27.1
..
22.6
12.2
19.4
15.5
0.0

33.9
22.9
13.8
47.2
33.3
31.7
15.1
22.2
23.2
20.5
15.1
19.3
23.8
19.1
30.5
16.7
35.9
..
24.9
22.9
30.2

19.7
20.3
11.7
8.9
8.9
9.1
12.1
27.7
22.4
11.1
12.0
22.2
6.2
13.9
18.1
21.3
18.5
..
14.2
5.7
19.0

4.3
-2.0
3.4
..
18.2
4.9
5.3
-9.0
..
7.7
6.0
2.4
7.3
9.3
0.2
..
..
..
..
1.8
3.7

27.1
18.6
13.2
..
..
11.4
12.8
5.1
..
12.9
14.5
26.5
..
17.0
18.1
..
17.8
..
..
14.8
24.5

25.7
14.3
14.1
28.3
24.5
47.3
55.7
20.4
25.2
30.7
..
58.4
25.9
22.7
29.2
28.4
18.1
41.7

27.6
10.5
11.7
11.8
16.6
17.5
85.7
12.3
16.3
13.6
..
6.7
2.8
16.6
14.5
5.1
5.2
13.5

8.9
4.8
1.1
3.8
4.1
-6.6
3.6
23.6
2.2
-11.8
..
9.8
..
-7.9
33.9
5.8
21.3
..

23.1
10.8
..
10.7
14.7
9.2
..
14.2
16.0
5.9
16.1
20.5
16.0
14.9
14.8
8.7
11.6
14.0

20.4
22.6
13.0
..
14.7
9.6
32.1
14.5
19.4
15.7
13.0
38.0
13.4
..
17.8
16.4
36.7
18.3
..
25.5
23.8
26.3
20.0
37.5
11.9
25.1
17.7

14.0
9.9
11.0
..
19.9
19.9
19.0
8.1
11.6
8.6
20.0
17.0
39.2
..
16.2
13.8
37.7
9.6
9.1
14.2
8.3
11.2
7.5
25.1
23.0
15.5
12.3

1.1
-6.9
10.2
..
-2.7
5.5
36.2
1.4
6.5
-14.3
2.7
2.8
..
..
2.2
..
12.3
15.8
..
1.0
7.5
4.2
20.9
8.0
10.9
-1.1
..

15.9
15.3
11.1
..
18.8
..
16.1
1.6
..
10.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
58.7
16.4
..
13.4
13.0
15.6
..
..
..
19.2
7.5

17.0
19.7
35.8
20.7
20.6
25.4
..
16.3
17.4
16.6
15.0
17.6
28.7
27.4
10.0
14.8
34.4

8.4
22.1
8.3
7.5
12.4
15.5
..
11.3
20.4
10.4
9.7
18.2
22.1
7.6
21.1
7.7
14.6

8.7
11.6
..
3.0
14.2
6.2
..
-4.2
16.5
6.5
5.8
8.4
2.0
10.3
-9.5
1.0
7.9

14.2
..
9.2
15.1
8.4
20.9
..
15.8
20.8
11.7
..
16.3
..
..
..
9.5
11.3

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
22.3
..
..

20.5
33.8
25.9
17.3

18.2
15.5
12.5
11.4

3.0
4.1
6.5
5.3

14.3
13.3
13.1
8.7

31.3

14.4

6.1

12.5

22.2
43.8
22.0
20.0
26.6
19.5

16.2
13.5
15.0
16.7
11.3
14.2

11.8
..
1.8
2.7
-0.1
6.1

12.2
11.1
19.3
15.6
10.3
13.5

23.8
18.0

11.9
20.7

7.5
..

..
..

20.5

18.2

1.1

14.6

24.3

17.0

3.6

13.9

producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products, expressed
or the same period.
d assets by the business sector, governments and households (excluding their unincorporated enterprises) less disposals of fix

rent expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees and most expenditures on nation
poses, expressed as a percentage of GDP.
esumptive net income of individuals, on the profits of corporations and enterprises and on capital gains, whether realized or no
s (both public and private) on creative work undertaken systematically to increase knowledge and the use of knowledge for new
n a gross basis (except credit to the central government, which is net), expressed as a percentage of GDP.
ncy, goods or services, expressed as a percentage of gross national income (GNI).
n foreign currency, goods or services on long-term debt; interest paid on short-term debt; and repayments (repurchases and ch
ge consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly.
ed by the general PPP rate. The index shows the price of food in a country relative to the price of the generic consumption bask
omestic food price level index, computed as the standard deviation of the deviations from the trend over the previous five years

Debts
Taxes on income,
profit and
capital gain

Research and
development
expenditure

Domestic credit
provided by
financial sector

External debt
stock

(% of total tax revenue)

(% of GDP)

(% of GDP)

(% of GNI)

2013

20052013

20052013

31.8
65.3
22.7
39.7
23.5
16.3
37.8
53.2
51.6
36.3
34.7
36.2
..
9.8
31.8
27.4
30.3
27.9
30.0
46.0
35.2
24.6
23.7
14.8
10.4
20.1
32.8
14.5
19.0
8.9
..
26.5
40.2
..
10.3

20052012

1.7
2.4
2.9
3.0
2.2
2.9
1.7
2.8
1.7
1.3
2.1
0.7
..
3.4
1.7
2.6
4.0
3.9
1.4
3.4
2.2
2.3
2.8
3.5
2.8
1.3
1.3
1.9
0.7
2.2
..
0.5
..
..
0.8

87.0
158.8
173.4
199.6
193.0
113.5
186.1
240.5
173.1
154.0
112.6
224.0
..
138.1
184.1
130.9
155.9
81.4
163.9
366.5
111.2
130.8
127.9
104.9
82.8
205.1
161.8
67.0
134.3
71.6
20.8
335.8
73.9
..
53.1

c
d

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

13.4
9.0
33.1
..
..
..
30.4
22.2
15.9
0.7
8.7
7.9
0.6
..

0.9
0.9
0.8
0.1
0.6
0.5
0.4
1.5
1.3
..
0.7
0.8
0.1
0.4

65.8
51.0
146.7
-7.9
33.3
76.5
115.5
183.3
64.7
78.6
58.6
94.1
47.9
61.0

3.5
1.9
2.6
18.4
18.4
..
..
31.6
12.0
14.6
..
..
52.0
17.9
27.9
49.6
7.6
..
19.0
15.1
19.3
21.5
17.6
16.2
..
26.5
35.2
9.8
13.6
16.9
13.6

0.7
1.1
0.1
0.5
0.4
..
0.2
..
..
0.6
..
0.2
1.1
0.4
0.3
0.0
1.0
0.4
..
0.5
0.7
..
0.9
0.2
0.4
1.2
0.2
..
0.2
..
0.4

39.9
48.3
35.7
52.0
36.3
104.9
39.1
106.7
90.0
71.1
..
67.6
142.6
122.4
35.2
33.7
49.5
..
187.6
56.5
18.0
52.5
84.3
48.4
49.5
110.1
42.9
65.9
25.5
80.0
111.9

..
..
..
..
22.7
..
..
..
170.8
..
..
..
..
65.5
56.7
..
..
72.9
..
..
74.6
..
..
104.9
..
38.9
70.7
91.4
222.4
..
88.1
..
68.9
35.9
2.1
27.5
47.9
38.5
35.9
21.9
86.4
..
13.3
72.6
71.9

10.7
11.8
60.2
34.0
..
21.3
6.7
..
27.1
24.9
32.5
11.6
36.2
16.2
..
26.7
19.7
24.5
33.0
..
28.7
20.5
31.9
2.8
20.3

0.2
0.7
0.1
..
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.2
..
2.0
..
0.3
0.3
..
..
1.1
0.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

52.4
95.7
3.0
22.0
66.9
46.0
67.7
29.6
123.1
163.0
121.8
63.6
173.3
61.9
-51.1
83.4
70.1
58.4
51.4
27.1
58.3
47.8
31.5
86.9
40.8

69.5
81.6
2.5
29.0
60.1
79.4
60.9
22.9
37.2
9.5
20.7
176.0
37.2
59.4
..
55.5
25.3
40.6
100.6
41.6
80.5
41.2
..
42.0
67.2

23.9
2.7
26.2
..
..
36.8
11.6
2.1
..
42.1
23.0
49.4
..
9.6
19.1
..
23.3
..
..
30.0
26.2

0.5
0.4
0.4
..
0.6
0.1
0.1
..
..
0.1
0.0
0.8
..
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.1
..
..
..
0.7

13.6
44.0
86.2
..
11.7
45.6
38.3
..
..
51.9
72.1
190.2
108.2
50.4
14.0
-1.4
82.8
-27.2
53.7
44.8
115.5

16.6
75.0
16.7
1.3
25.0
30.8
47.2
..
18.1
18.6
57.1
40.7
40.2
27.5
98.4
..
80.9
..
74.9
87.7
38.7

32.6
29.4
..
44.8
21.6
15.9
..
30.2
..
4.1
8.7
35.7
48.0
24.7
17.6
22.4
13.8
12.8

0.1
0.0
0.1
0.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.3
0.4
..
..
..
..

49.7
40.6
19.0
77.1
57.3
50.2
-53.6
36.2
68.7
-7.2
..
-3.5
27.5
34.8
26.5
57.9
40.3
28.8

40.9
18.7
27.9
25.2
31.9
..
21.9
28.3
..
21.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
17.4
10.1
..
25.7
30.6
16.8
..
..
..
23.1
3.7

1.0
0.3
0.3
..
..
..
0.5
0.2
..
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
0.3
..
..
0.6
..
..
..
..
0.5
..

42.8
69.1
49.0
24.6
18.9
18.4
24.3
22.3
15.5
15.6
75.5
39.1
20.3
49.2
26.9
33.9
1.7
36.0
20.4
8.0
16.3
21.5
24.0
33.9
..
35.1
-3.9

f
h

b
f

..
32.0
41.8
23.0
39.6
83.6
..
14.3
16.7
30.4
..
..
25.9
33.8
81.4
19.5
44.4
69.6
30.8
19.7
22.8
..
22.0
13.1
39.7
2.8
17.1
27.3
69.5
91.7
21.2
148.4
22.3
22.1
30.9
24.4
14.9
23.0
21.0
28.7
47.9
62.5
..
34.9
12.3

21.4
..
16.0
18.0
11.9
27.7
..
21.9
29.5
31.0
..
20.1
..
..
..
6.9
11.6

..
..
0.2
0.1
0.1
..
..
0.7
0.5
..
..
0.2
0.1
..
..
..
..

26.9
31.2
36.9
50.1
7.3
38.7
18.6
20.9
29.3
14.5
32.2
25.4
23.9
7.0
104.0
36.7
11.8

..
..
..
..
14.6
..
..

..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

36.8
22.9
40.0
25.5

2.4
1.4
0.5
..

196.7
114.6
73.0
28.7

..
21.8
27.2
20.2

29.5

1.1

101.3

22.2

41.3
28.4
..
26.0
38.4
42.8

..
..
0.7
..
0.7
0.4

37.8
149.6
70.5
74.1
64.3
62.7

25.5
15.0
54.5
27.4
20.3
23.7

..
..

..
..

30.4
54.7

28.1
65.9

36.4

2.5

199.1

..

37.9
43.6
26.8
59.0
21.9
30.9
32.3
33.3
45.0
31.1
20.8
23.2
23.5
17.2
27.7
37.4
36.3

33.7

2.0

164.0

23.6

the products, expressed in 2011 international dollars using purchasing power parity (PPP) rates.

ses) less disposals of fixed assets, expressed as a percentage of GDP. No adjustment is made for depreciation of fixed assets.

t expenditures on national defense and security but excluding government military expenditures that are part of government ca

, whether realized or not, on land, securities and other assets.

use of knowledge for new applications, expressed as a percentage of GDP. It covers basic research, applied research and expe

nts (repurchases and charges) to the International Monetary Fund, expressed as a percentage of GNI.
ervals, such as yearly.
neric consumption basket in the country.
r the previous five years.

Prices
Total debt
service

Consumer price
index

(% of GNI)

(2010=100)

Index

2013

2013

20092014

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

104
108
99
106
107
106
105
107
105
107
113
114
..
104
110
114
108
107
108
100
108
105
108
108
106
107
107
107
104
112
103
105
107
..
109

1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.2
1.0
1.3
2.0
1.0
..
..
1.5
1.2
1.8
1.9
2.2
1.3
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.4
1.6
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.6
2.8
3.0
2.0
1.8
..
2.6

Domestic food price level

Volatility index
a

20092014

11.3
..
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.6
3.3
0.0
7.1
..
4.0
..
..
6.7
5.0
5.4
9.1
5.9
8.9
5.6
6.0
4.8
5.9
6.2
9.4
8.4
5.0
10.7
11.2
7.4
4.7
12.7
6.3
..
9.2

..
..
..
..
2.3
..
..
..
99.0
..
..
..
..
8.1

109
109
107
113
..
103
108
107
112
106
107
108
111
109

2.7
3.5
2.6
2.9
..
..
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.2
2.9
3.2
2.6
5.6

7.0
5.5
8.6
3.8
..
..
7.4
9.0
5.8
18.5
7.9
2.7
3.7
9.1

6.7
..
..
16.6
..
..
15.0
..
..
9.5
..
3.9
3.2
28.4
4.5
..
19.4
..
7.8
6.2
0.1
4.6
7.6
2.8
3.4
3.8
11.2
..
3.6
4.4
3.0

289
122
108
114
127
106
121
116
108
108
..
116
107
115
115
121
128
..
112
115
214
215
125
123
112
119
107
109
112
105
115

5.3
4.3
3.3
3.7
3.1
1.6
..
2.4
2.6
3.2
..
3.0
2.9
4.9
6.7
4.0
4.0
..
..
3.2
4.5
4.5
3.8
6.9
3.7
2.6
..
2.9
..
3.4
4.5

6.0
5.2
9.2
4.3
6.4
5.4
..
5.4
..
5.9
..
2.1
4.3
11.7
7.2
16.5
8.5
..
..
7.6
13.0
12.8
12.9
8.3
4.7
4.4
..
..
..
..
6.1

9.1
20.9
0.3
3.6
3.2
18.5
6.2
3.4
2.9
0.4
1.2
13.0
3.6
3.7
..
5.9
2.8
4.0
8.8
1.4
9.0
4.9
..
3.7
1.9

110
108
118
110
108
117
106
113
109
111
116
137
109
104
126
116
109
107
126
108
98
118
126
129
108

5.1
5.2
5.1
3.9
6.4
8.9
4.8
3.4
3.4
3.3
5.1
4.8
4.5
..
..
3.9
2.7
3.4
5.0
..
3.0
4.1
6.2
3.5
..

7.9
3.9
5.5
3.4
10.3
11.9
6.3
5.7
12.3
8.1
8.3
16.7
2.8
..
..
4.7
4.5
4.8
7.0
..
27.9
5.2
9.7
14.2
..

1.3
7.6
1.3
0.1
6.5
4.8
6.8
..
1.2
1.8
4.7
2.8
3.1
1.9
5.6
..
2.2
..
2.6
5.8
5.0

123
118
129
..
104
117
115
119
..
111
108
117
138
121
128
114
109
..
109
124
104

2.9
4.8
7.5
..
5.2
6.7
4.3
..
..
6.8
4.3
3.0
..
5.9
..
5.1
5.7
..
..
4.5
5.7

3.6
5.7
9.8
..
21.0
10.7
11.2
..
..
2.6
3.0
6.2
..
12.2
..
16.4
5.4
..
..
6.4
4.9

..
2.4
5.0
2.2
5.4
4.5
..
1.7
1.0
2.7
..
..
1.2
2.0
2.9
1.0
1.1
1.9
1.1
1.1
3.3
..
4.3
0.9
0.5
0.1
0.7
0.7
21.2
4.2
4.6
30.3
0.1
0.8
1.4
1.5
0.1
0.6
0.4
1.4
0.5
2.3
..
2.7
0.1

118
115
125
132
118
129
141
143
104
112
..
121
121
132
119
126
112
132
132
130
132
112
136
122
141
135
108
123
109
115
120
115
106
146
117
108
122
117
143
111
218
112
149
106
127

3.5
7.1
..
4.7
4.8
5.1
..
..
..
6.3
..
..
10.1
5.4
8.6
8.0
7.8
9.1

7.2
5.5
..
8.4
4.8
6.4
..
..
..
18.8
..
..
3.2
18.3
3.6
4.5
4.7
50.5

5.8
9.5
7.1
8.5
7.2
..
11.5
6.3
7.8
7.1
..
10.1
..
..
..
7.6
4.4
6.8
9.7
8.6
5.2
8.1
..
..
..
8.4
..

6.0
10.2
13.2
8.1
13.7
..
4.8
4.0
10.0
3.5
..
3.1
..
..
..
11.0
6.4
15.5
3.4
10.5
21.8
21.8
..
..
..
8.7
..

4.2
1.2
1.4
3.1
1.1
0.3
0.2
0.9
0.9
0.6
1.1
0.7
1.2
0.8
2.6
0.4
0.6

109
166
177
115
129
125
108
108
117
145
156
107
140
110
..
109
106

6.7
7.6
6.3
7.3
..
..
..
7.7
8.6
6.8
9.9
8.4
7.0
8.0
..
..
7.2

8.8
23.6
9.0
2.7
..
..
..
9.4
6.7
3.3
7.3
11.8
8.3
11.7
..
..
9.4

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
107
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
2.5
2.7
1.8

2.4

1.9
1.2
9.8
3.5
2.0
1.8

1.3
8.7

..

2.9

epreciation of fixed assets.

are part of government capital formation), expressed as a percentage of GDP.

applied research and experimental development.

Table 12: Environmental sustainability

Primary energy supply

Fossil
fuels

Electrification rate

Renewabl
e sources

Total

HDI rank

(% of
population)

(% of total)

Country

1
2
3
4
5
6
6
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Norway
Australia
Switzerland
Denmark
Netherlands
Germany
Ireland
United States
Canada
New Zealand
Singapore
Hong Kong, China (SAR)
Liechtenstein
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Korea (Republic of)
Israel
Luxembourg
Japan
Belgium
France
Austria

2012

57.3
95.4
51.1
70.6
91.4
80.2
84.7
83.6
73.7
61.4
97.2
94.8
..
31.7
85.1
15.3
82.8
96.7
87.4
94.8
70.1
49.1
67.1

2012

47.8
4.6
49.7
26.8
6.7
20.4
6.4
16.3
27.9
38.4
2.8
0.4
..
70.5
14.4
84.7
17.2
4.8
4.0
5.2
28.3
52.4
32.2

c
c

c
c

c
c

c
c
c

2012

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
32
34
35
36
37
37
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
50
52
52
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
60
62
63
64
64
66
67
67

Finland
Slovenia
Spain
Italy
Czech Republic
Greece
Estonia
Brunei Darussalam
Cyprus
Qatar
Andorra
Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Malta
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
United Arab Emirates
Chile
Portugal
Hungary
Bahrain
Latvia
Croatia
Kuwait
Montenegro
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Belarus
Russian Federation
Oman
Romania
Uruguay
Bahamas
Kazakhstan
Barbados
Antigua and Barbuda
Bulgaria
Palau
Panama
Malaysia
Mauritius
Seychelles
Trinidad and Tobago
Serbia
Cuba
Lebanon

43.0
66.6
75.9
83.7
76.9
90.6
88.1
100.0
94.9
100.0
..
67.5
90.7
74.0
94.5
100.0
89.7
..
75.6
74.9
71.1
99.9
63.7
81.6
100.0
60.2

47.5
34.5
24.9
13.9
26.5
8.8
14.6
0.0
5.1
0.0
..
32.3
9.6
14.5
5.5
0.0
9.3
0.1
24.2
22.0
26.0
0.0
33.8
10.6
0.0
28.4

90.4
91.0
100.0
77.7
57.0
..
98.9
..
..
75.0
..
79.7
94.5
..
..
99.9
89.1
86.7
95.5

5.9
9.2
0.0
22.8
42.1
..
1.0
..
..
29.4
..
20.2
5.5
..
..
0.1
11.1
13.3
3.3

c
c
c

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
76.2
100.0
97.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.7
99.8
97.7
99.6
100.0
100.0
97.7
100.0
100.0
97.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.7
100.0
99.5
100.0
100.0
90.9
90.9
100.0
59.3
90.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.8
100.0
100.0
100.0

69
69
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
81
83
84
85
85
85
88
89
90
90
90
93
94
94
96
97
97
99
100
101
101
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
110
112
113
114

Costa Rica
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Turkey
Sri Lanka
Mexico
Brazil
Georgia
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Azerbaijan
Grenada
Jordan
The former Yugoslav Republic of M
Ukraine
Algeria
Peru
Albania
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ecuador
Saint Lucia
China
Fiji
Mongolia
Thailand
Dominica
Libya
Tunisia
Colombia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Jamaica
Tonga
Belize
Dominican Republic
Suriname
Maldives
Samoa
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Botswana
Moldova (Republic of)
Egypt
Turkmenistan
Gabon
Indonesia
Paraguay
Palestine, State of
Uzbekistan

48.3
99.5
88.9
89.5
48.7
90.1
54.6
72.8
..
97.9
..
96.0
82.1
79.6
99.9
76.0
60.5
71.5
93.9
86.3
..
88.3
..
95.4
80.4
..
98.7
85.3
75.6
..
82.1
..
..
89.3
..
..
..

51.8
0.7
11.2
10.3
51.3
9.9
44.2
28.3
..
2.6
..
2.0
10.4
20.7
0.1
24.0
26.6
32.7
7.9
12.9
..
11.7
..
4.1
18.9
..
1.3
14.8
24.8
..
17.9
..
..
10.7
..
..
..

65.4
94.9
96.5
..
38.9
66.4
33.8
..
98.2

22.3
3.4
3.7
0.0
61.1
33.6
145.2
..
1.8

c
c

99.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
88.7
99.1
99.5
100.0
90.9
100.0
90.9
99.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.2
90.9
100.0
59.3
89.8
100.0
92.7
100.0
100.0
97.0
75.9
92.6
95.9
100.0
98.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
53.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
89.3
96.0
98.2
97.7
100.0

115
116
116
116
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
126
128
129

Philippines
El Salvador
South Africa
Viet Nam
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Kyrgyzstan
Iraq
Cabo Verde
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Guyana
Nicaragua
Morocco
Namibia
Guatemala
Tajikistan

59.7
47.9
87.2
71.0
72.7
68.4
97.5
..
..
..
49.8
93.6
66.0
33.5
42.9

40.3
51.9
12.9
28.2
27.3
39.4
1.0
..
..
..
50.3
4.1
21.0
66.2
57.5

130
131
132
133
134
134
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
143

India
Honduras
Bhutan
Timor-Leste
Syrian Arab Republic
Vanuatu
Congo
Kiribati
Equatorial Guinea
Zambia
Ghana
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Sao Tome and Principe
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Kenya
Nepal
Pakistan
Myanmar
Angola
Swaziland
Tanzania (United Republic of)
Nigeria
Cameroon
Madagascar
Zimbabwe
Mauritania
Solomon Islands
Papua New Guinea
Comoros
Yemen

72.3
51.6
..
..
98.7
..
48.9
..
..
8.8
37.4
..
71.5
26.2
..

27.6
48.8
..
..
1.4
..
51.0
..
..
91.8
63.1
..
28.5
71.1
..

19.7
12.5
60.9
21.3
39.3
..
10.7
17.4
26.8
..
28.3
..
..
..
..
98.5

80.3
86.9
39.1
78.7
60.7
..
89.3
82.6
73.2
..
70.3
..
..
..
..
1.5

145
145
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
156
158
159
160

87.5
93.7
85.4
99.0
90.5
100.0
100.0
70.6
59.3
79.5
77.9
100.0
47.3
78.5
100.0
78.7
82.2
75.6
41.6
96.3
27.1
41.6
59.3
66.0
22.1
64.1
70.0
59.6
31.1
60.5
23.0
76.3
93.6
52.4
37.0
42.0
15.3
55.6
53.7
15.4
40.5
21.8
22.8
18.1
69.3
48.4

161
162
163
163
163
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188

Lesotho
..
Togo
15.2
Haiti
22.0
Rwanda
..
Uganda
..
Benin
41.7
Sudan
29.5
Djibouti
..
South Sudan
..
Senegal
53.2
Afghanistan
..
Cte d'Ivoire
21.5
Malawi
..
Ethiopia
5.7
Gambia
..
Congo (Democratic Republic of the)
4.2
Liberia
..
Guinea-Bissau
..
Mali
..
Mozambique
9.5
Sierra Leone
..
Guinea
..
Burkina Faso
..
Burundi
..
Chad
..
Eritrea
21.7
Central African Republic
..
Niger
..
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of
88.4
Marshall Islands
..
Monaco
..
Nauru
..
San Marino
..
Somalia
..
Tuvalu
..

..
82.4
78.0
..
..
56.2
70.5
..
..
46.4
..
79.0
..
94.3
..
95.8
..
..
..
93.3
..
..
..
..
..
78.3
..
..

20.6
31.5
37.9
18.0
18.2
38.4
32.6
53.3
5.1
56.5
43.0
55.8
9.8
26.6
34.5
16.4
9.8
60.6
25.6
20.2
14.2
26.2
13.1
6.5
6.4
36.1
10.8
14.4

11.6
..
..
..
..
..
..

29.6
59.3
100.0
..
100.0
32.7
44.6

Human development groups

Very high human development
High human development
Medium human development
Low human development

81.8
87.2
74.5
..

17.9
12.8
25.3
..

99.9
99.6
81.9
43.6

Developing countries

80.6

19.2

81.2

Regions

96.3
..
88.8
74.2
76.3
..

3.2
..
10.5
25.8
23.7
..

86.9
95.7
100.0
96.4
78.9
35.4

Least developed countries

..

..

34.2

Small island developing states

..

..

70.5

Organisation for Economic Co-op

81.2

18.7

99.9

World

81.2

18.6

84.5

Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa

Notes
Forest
Land
spanning
morerecent year available.
a. Data area:
refer to
2012
or the most
than 0.5 hectare with trees taller
b. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
than 5 metres and a canopy cover
c.
nuclear
energy.
of Includes
more than
10 percent
or trees
d.
Less
than
0.5.
able to reach these thresholds in
e. Refers
to 2010.
situ.
Exludes
land predominantly
under
agricultural
f. Refers
to 2011. or urban land
use, tree stands in agricultural
production systems (for example, in
Carbon dioxide emissions per
fruit plantations and agroforestry
capita: Human-originated carbon
systems) and trees in urban parks
dioxide
emissions stemming from
DEFINITIONS
and gardens. Areas under
the
burning
ofPercentage
fossil fuels, gas
Fossil fuels:
total energy supply that comes from natural resources formed from biomass
reforestation
that have notofyet
flaring
and
the
production
of Percentage of total energy supply that comes from constantly replenished
Renewable
energy
sources:
reached but are expected to reach
cement, divided by midyear
a
canopy cover ofrate:
10 percent
and
Electricfication
Peopledioxide
with aaccess to electricity, expressed as a percentage of the total population
population. Includes
carbon
tree height of 5 meters are
emitted by forest biomass through
included, as are temporarily
depletion of forest areas.
unstocked areas resulting from
Natural
resource depletion:
human intervention
or natural Monetary expression of energy, mineral and forest depletion, expressed as
causes that are expected to
regenerate.
Fresh water withdrawals: Total fresh water withdrawn, expressed as a percentage of total renewable wa
Deaths of children under age 5 due to outdoor air pollution: Deaths of children under age 5 due to re
Deaths of children under age 5 due to indoor air pollution: Deaths of children of age under 5 due to a
Deaths of children under age 5 due to poor water, sanitation or hygiene: Deaths of children under ag
Population living on degraded land: Percentage of the population living on severely or very severely de
Population affected by natural disasters: People requiring immediate assistance during a period of em

Main data sources

Columns 1, 35, 7 and 8: World Bank (2015a).
Column 2: HDRO calculations based on data on total primary energy supply from World Bank (2015a).
Column 6: HDRO calculations based on data on carbon dioxide emissions per capita from World Bank (2

Column 9: HDRO calculations based on data on forest and total land area from World Bank (2015a).
Column 10: FAO (2015b). .
Columns 1113: WHO (2015).
Column 14: FAO (2011).
Columns 15 and 16: CRED EM-DAT (2015) and UNDESA (2013a).

Electrification rate

Carbon dioxide emissions

per capita

Natural resources

Natural
resource
depletio
n

Rural

(tonnes)

Average
annual growth
(%)

(% of GNI)

2012

2011

1970/2011

20082013

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

9.2
16.5
4.6
7.2
10.1
8.9
7.9
17.0
14.1
7.1
4.3
5.7
1.4
5.5
7.1
5.9
11.8
9.0
20.9
9.3
8.8
5.2
7.8

0.8
1.1
-1.1
-1.8
-0.3
..
0.6
-0.7
-0.4
1.1
-2.3
3.2
..
-2.3
-1.6
-0.5
6.5
1.5
-2.1
0.8
-1.2
-1.6
0.4

9.0
3.8
0.0
1.5
0.9
0.1
0.1
1.0
2.4
1.6
..
..
..
0.3
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2

(% of rural
population)

Forest area

(% of total land
area)

(% change)

2012

1990/2012

28.0
19.2
31.6
12.9
10.8
31.8
11.0
33.3
34.1
31.3
3.3
..
43.1
69.2
12.0
0.3
63.8
7.1
33.5
68.6
22.5
29.3
47.3

11.9
-4.6
8.6
23.0
5.9
3.3
62.7
3.0
0.0
6.9
-4.3
..
6.2
4.1
10.9
264.4
-3.4
16.4
..
0.2
..
10.4
3.3

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
67.1
100.0
92.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
92.9
95.8
92.9
97.8
100.0
100.0
92.9
100.0
100.0
92.9
100.0

10.2
7.5
5.8
6.7
10.4
7.6
14.0
24.0
6.7
43.9
6.3
6.4
8.3
4.5
6.0
18.7
4.7
20.0
4.6
4.7
4.9
18.1
3.8
4.8
29.1
4.1

0.5
..
1.7
0.6
..
3.3
..
-3.1
2.9
-1.5
..
..
-0.4
..
3.3
2.9
1.0
-3.8
1.9
3.2
-1.1
1.3
..
..
-0.4
..

0.2
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
1.1
29.8
0.0
17.4
..
0.5
1.0
0.4
..
20.6
3.1
11.7
8.3
0.1
0.4
9.7
1.0
1.6
25.1
..

72.9
62.4
37.1
31.6
34.5
30.7
51.8
71.4
18.8
0.0
34.0
40.2
30.7
34.7
0.9
0.5
10.6
3.8
21.9
37.8
22.6
0.7
54.3
34.4
0.4
40.4

1.5
5.8
34.2
22.6
1.3
20.1
5.1
-8.9
7.6

0.0
0.6
5.8
11.9
0.0
0.0
-16.9
30.4
6.8
4.0
12.9
154.2
6.4
4.1
86.6
0.0

100.0
100.0
92.9
100.0
95.1
100.0
100.0
79.8
79.8
100.0
45.5
79.8
100.0
100.0
17.3
99.0
100.0
95.4
100.0

6.7
12.6
21.4
4.2
2.3
5.2
15.8
5.6
5.8
6.7
10.9
2.6
7.8
3.1
6.8
37.2
6.8
3.2
4.7

..
..
14.5
-1.1
0.4
-3.4
..
3.7
-0.6
-0.2
-0.3
1.9
5.9
5.4
8.5
4.5
..
1.3
3.3

1.5
11.8
25.7
1.5
1.6
0.0
17.2
0.8
..
0.9
..
0.2
8.1
0.0
0.1
29.3
..
3.6
0.0

42.9
49.4
0.0
28.9
10.5
51.4
1.2
19.4
22.3
37.2
87.6
43.4
61.7
17.3
88.5
43.9
32.1
27.6
13.4

11.9
0.1
0.0
4.0
99.3
0.0
-3.6
0.0
-4.9
23.7
..
-14.9
-9.4
-9.7
0.0
-6.5
21.4
44.1
4.6

98.7
97.3
100.0
100.0
86.0
97.2
97.0
100.0
79.8
100.0
79.8
99.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
72.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
92.3
79.8
100.0
45.5
69.9
99.8
79.8
100.0
100.0
87.9
31.8
86.7
82.8
100.0
96.7
100.0
100.0
92.8

1.7
7.8
6.4
4.4
0.7
3.9
2.2
1.8
5.1
3.6
2.4
3.6
4.4
6.3
3.2
1.8
1.6
1.7
6.2
2.3
2.3
6.7
1.4
6.9
4.6
1.7
6.4
2.4
1.5
2.2
2.9
1.0
1.7
2.2
3.6
3.3
1.3

2.9
2.9
-0.3
4.2
3.1
1.9
2.7
..
7.3
..
5.4
4.1
..
..
3.8
0.9
-0.3
..
..
3.9
4.2
6.5
1.1
3.7
8.0
5.2
-2.8
3.9
0.5
6.3
0.2
3.9
1.8
3.8
-0.6
..
6.0

0.8
17.6
10.0
0.3
0.4
6.4
3.8
0.7
..
26.0
..
0.9
2.7
4.6
18.0
5.7
3.5
2.2
..
8.6
0.1
4.2
1.7
19.8
4.7
0.1
23.5
4.6
9.2
0.1
0.8
0.1
5.9
0.2
20.5
0.0
0.8

51.9
6.8
51.8
15.0
29.2
33.2
61.6
39.4
42.3
11.3
50.0
1.1
39.9
16.8
0.6
52.9
28.2
8.9
42.8
38.1
77.0
22.6
55.9
6.9
37.2
58.8
0.1
6.7
54.3
68.9
31.0
12.5
60.2
40.8
94.6
3.0
60.4

3.4
0.0
-12.2
19.5
-22.1
-8.3
-10.4
-1.5
0.0
0.7
0.0
-0.6
11.4
5.2
-11.6
-3.5
-1.9
-26.9
-1.1
-23.6
7.3
35.2
7.1
-14.4
-2.8
-11.8
0.0
61.6
-3.6
6.2
-2.4
0.0
-13.4
0.0
-0.2
0.0
31.5

23.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.9
92.9
96.3
92.9
100.0

2.4
1.4
2.8
12.2
1.4
2.3
0.8
0.6
3.9

..
..
5.1
..
-2.9
6.7
3.2
..
..

1.6
0.2
8.1
37.0
29.1
4.8
4.6
..
13.8

19.6
12.0
0.1
8.8
85.4
51.4
43.4
1.5
7.7

-19.0
23.9
61.8
0.0
0.0
-21.5
-18.6
1.0
7.3

81.5
85.7
66.9
97.7
72.5
100.0
96.9
46.8
45.5
75.1
42.7
100.0
17.4
72.1
100.0

0.9
1.1
9.3
2.0
1.6
1.2
4.2
0.9
1.2
2.3
0.8
1.8
1.3
0.8
0.4

0.7
3.4
1.0
3.6
3.2
..
1.8
6.2
..
0.1
1.1
4.4
..
1.9
..

2.2
1.7
4.8
6.7
13.0
7.9
19.5
0.5
0.1
8.8
4.7
1.5
1.0
3.6
1.3

26.1
13.4
7.6
45.4
52.2
5.1
1.9
21.3
91.7
77.2
24.7
11.5
8.7
33.1
2.9

18.3
-26.2
0.0
57.9
-9.9
18.1
3.3
48.3
..
0.0
-34.1
2.0
-18.5
-25.3
0.5

69.7
65.8
52.8
26.8
81.1
17.8
11.7
45.5
43.0
5.8
41.0
54.8
49.3
18.8
47.0

1.7
1.1
0.8
0.2
2.6
0.6
0.5
0.6
9.3
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.6

5.2
2.4
14.2
..
3.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
14.9
-4.4
0.9
-0.5
..
2.0
3.4

3.6
2.8
16.6
..
..
0.0
54.4
0.1
67.6
10.5
12.6
8.3
2.8
2.5
2.3

23.1
44.3
85.8
48.4
2.7
36.1
65.6
15.0
57.1
66.1
20.7
67.6
11.0
55.7
28.1

7.5
-39.1
32.1
-25.5
35.3
0.0
-1.5
0.0
-13.8
-6.9
-36.8
-9.9
-3.8
-24.0
0.0

6.7
71.6
90.5
31.2
6.0
24.5
3.6
34.4
18.5
8.1
16.1
4.4
12.6
10.4
61.4
33.5

0.3
0.2
0.9
0.2
1.5
0.9
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.7
0.6
0.4
0.7
0.2
1.0

0.5
7.0
2.7
0.5
2.9
0.2
0.6
1.1
3.4
-0.9
-2.4
1.7
1.2
3.2
1.9
2.8

3.3
4.2
3.1
..
31.0
1.8
3.2
8.1
5.1
3.7
5.6
32.6
31.3
18.7
3.5
7.5

6.1
25.4
2.1
47.7
46.7
33.2
36.8
9.0
41.2
21.4
38.7
0.2
78.7
62.8
1.2
1.0

-7.1
-24.7
-36.6
-20.5
-4.5
21.1
-21.4
-52.3
-19.9
-9.2
-32.5
-44.1
-5.3
-9.8
-81.7
0.0

10.2
8.9
15.0
7.7
8.1
14.5
17.8
13.0
3.5
26.6
32.0
29.0
2.0
7.6
25.7
5.8
1.2
21.5
11.9
5.4
1.2
2.9
1.4
1.2
3.1
12.0
8.2
5.2

1.1
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.6
..
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1

..
3.0
3.3
4.4
-1.1
5.5
0.0
-1.4
..
2.1
3.3
-1.1
-0.8
1.2
2.7
-3.0
-4.9
1.3
2.9
-2.7
-2.6
0.7
5.2
0.6
0.9
..
-1.8
1.8

4.5
9.2
1.9
6.1
13.2
1.9
4.8
..
..
1.5
1.2
5.4
12.5
14.0
6.8
31.0
36.4
15.0
8.1
4.0
8.0
21.6
13.9
26.9
11.0
17.3
0.2
16.1

1.5
4.9
3.6
18.4
14.1
39.6
23.2
0.2
..
43.6
2.1
32.7
33.6
12.0
47.8
67.7
44.3
71.2
10.1
49.1
37.2
26.3
20.2
6.6
9.0
15.1
36.2
0.9

12.8
45.5
100.0
..
100.0
17.3
31.8

3.0
2.0
..
..
..
0.1
..

..
..
..
..
..
-0.2
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

45.0
70.2
0.0
..
0.0
10.5
33.3

99.7
98.9
72.8
27.7

11.1
6.1
1.9
0.4

-1.2
0.3
0.9
-0.2

1.9
6.1
5.3
7.8

27.5
35.8
29.5
26.2

1.5
-1.1
-8.9
-14.4

68.5

3.3

-1.1

6.3

27.2

-7.2

11.0
-61.0
-14.3
43.1
-40.8
-22.6
-27.9
0.0
..
-10.2
0.0
1.8
-18.6
-21.0
9.4
-4.3
-13.4
-9.7
-12.4
-11.0
-13.8
-10.9
-19.2
-41.7
-13.3
-6.0
-2.8
-39.4
-34.0
..

..

-20.4
0.0

74.2
92.5
100.0
87.0
69.9
14.9

4.9
5.3
5.5
2.9
1.7
0.8

-1.6
1.5
..
0.6
3.1
-0.1

15.3
4.4
6.2
5.5
5.2
10.0

5.9
29.7
9.1
46.8
14.6
28.2

-22.6
2.8
8.2
-9.6
3.4
-11.3

20.2

0.3

-0.1

9.6

28.7

-12.4

48.0

2.6

0.3

5.6

62.9

-3.8

99.7

9.9

-0.5

1.0

30.5

1.2

70.9

4.6

-0.9

4.0

30.9

-3.7

esources formed from biomass in the geological past (such as coal, oil and natural gas).
es from constantly replenished natural processes, including solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydropower and ocean resources
rcentage of the total population. It includes electricity sold commercially (both on grid and off grid) and self-generated electricity

forest depletion, expressed as a percentage of gross national income (GNI).

ercentage of total renewable water resources.

f children under age 5 due to respiratory infections and diseases, lung cancer and selected cardiovascular diseases attributable
children of age under 5 due to acute respiratory infections attributable to indoor smoke from solid fuels.
ne: Deaths of children under age 5 due to diarrhoea attributable to unsafe water, unimproved sanitation or poor hygiene.
on severely or very severely degraded land. Land degradation estimates consider biomass, soil health, water quantity and biod
ssistance during a period of emergency as a result of a natural disaster, including displaced, evacuated, homeless and injured p

ly from World Bank (2015a).

per capita from World Bank (2015a).

from World Bank (2015a).

ces

Effects of environmental threats

Deaths of children under age 5 due to

Fresh water
withdrawal
s

(per 100,000 children under age 5)

(% of total
renewable water
resources)

20052014

0.8
3.9
..
10.8
11.7
21.0
..
15.5
..
..
..
..
..
1.5
8.8
0.1
..
..
..
..
34.0
14.8
..

Populatio
n living
on
degraded
land

Outdoor
air
pollution

Indoor
air
pollution

Poor water,
sanitation
or hygiene

(%)

2008

2004

2004

2010

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
..
..
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
..
..
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
1
0
0
..
0
0
..
0
..
..
0
..
0
..
..
2
0
0
..
0

0.2
9.0
0.5
8.5
5.4
8.1
0.5
1.1
2.7
5.3
..
..
..
0.3
2.7
..
2.9
12.9
..
0.3
10.5
3.9
2.7

1.5
3.0
28.6
..
12.9
13.8
14.0
..
17.6
374.1
..
1.4
19.4
9.5
..
943.3
4.3
1867.0
3.8
..
5.4
..
..
0.6
..
..

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
..

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
..

0
..
0
..
1
..
0
..
13
6
0
0
..
..
..
..
3
10
1
..
0
..
0
0
..
..

0.0
8.4
1.4
2.2
4.2
1.1
5.0
..
11.4
0.1
..
9.1
13.2
4.8
..
4.3
1.7
1.9
1.1
2.3
17.1
..
1.8
17.5
0.6
8.0

..
..
..
3.3
..
..
18.4
87.5
8.5
28.7
..
0.7
1.9
..
..
8.8
2.5
18.3
24.3

0
0
1
1
0
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
..
0
1

0
0
0
6
0
0
3
0
1
2
0
16
0
0
0
1
..
1
0

1
5
..
..
3
2
249
0
0
2
40
55
33
7
..
5
..
1
40

4.7
3.1
5.8
13.5
5.7
..
23.5
..
..
7.8
..
4.1
1.2
..
..
..
18.5
17.0
1.2

2.1
..
1.7
..
24.5
17.2
0.9
2.9
51.3
34.5
7.1
92.4
16.1
13.8
..
0.7
4.3
37.9
0.9
2.2
14.3
19.5
..
1.6
13.1
10.0
..
69.7
0.5
7.9
7.5
..
..
30.4
0.6
15.7
..

0
6
0
2
0
1
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
0
1
2
0
2
1
1
0
2
1
19
0
0
3
1
1
0
1
0
0
2
0
1
0

2
3
1
11
8
8
18
70
0
132
12
0
1
0
5
21
5
17
1
2
3
10
18
78
21
1
2
3
6
2
15
16
21
12
0
41
26

4
..
30
85
42
23
123
169
28
269
5
59
..
3
101
69
50
65
2
63
2
55
11
195
59
0
..
64
33
..
47
55
27
73
43
167
63

1.3
25.1
1.9
5.5
21.1
3.8
7.9
1.9
..
3.8
..
22.0
7.1
6.2
28.8
0.7
5.7
9.6
6.1
1.6
..
8.6
..
31.5
17.0
..
8.5
36.7
2.0
..
3.3
..
1.1
7.0
..
..
..

..
9.1
..
..
0.1
..
0.6
48.8
100.6

4
1
2
2
9
2
1
..
1

210
13
2
2
33
41
21
..
192

341
15
86
449
102
130
56
..
325

22.0
21.8
25.3
11.1
..
3.1
1.3
..
27.0

17.0
8.1
..
9.3
0.4
32.6
..
..
..
0.5
0.9
35.7
..
2.6
51.1

1
1
2
1
0
1
12
0
0
0
1
6
1
2
1

37
24
23
27
93
115
12
26
30
38
49
8
11
57
343

96
82
104
65
245
245
383
93
83
132
102
114
21
126
551

2.2
6.3
17.5
8.0
2.0
9.7
4.5
..
..
..
13.9
39.1
28.5
9.1
10.5

33.9
..
0.4
..
84.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.1
2.9
0.5
..

5
1
0
0
2
0
19
0
10
12
3
1
2
3
9

131
49
124
0
12
9
149
0
0
378
152
157
142
346
225

316
106
324
149
54
41
220
206
505
503
226
242
334
595
428

9.6
15.0
0.1
..
33.3
..
0.1
..
..
4.6
1.4
4.1
11.3
39.3
..

..
4.5
74.4
..
0.5
..
..
4.6
..
..
..
11.8
..
0.1
..
168.6

4
1
22
3
11
2
4
14
14
2
5
16
0
1
2
5

217
139
132
181
1,073
148
239
370
361
390
168
220
54
108
108
174

362
337
205
378
1,266
252
322
559
497
540
256
390
84
288
177
377

31.0
2.3
4.5
19.2
3.3
..
25.0
11.5
15.3
0.0
29.4
23.8
..
..
..
32.4

..
..
10.3
..
1.1
..
71.2
..
1.3
..
..
1.8
7.9
..
..
0.1
..
..
4.3
..
0.1
..
6.1
..
1.9
..
0.1
2.9

2
5
5
2
2
8
11
31
..
14
21
9
3
2
7
16
6
12
9
11
11
11
9
4
14
3
10
6

19
302
297
803
327
394
181
41
..
292
1,183
370
498
538
197
644
676
648
703
270
1,207
324
632
897
488
237
411
1,023

44
419
428
970
427
518
255
454
..
530
1,405
561
617
705
286
786
885
873
880
388
1,473
480
786
1,088
618
379
511
1,229

63.6
5.1
15.2
10.1
23.5
1.6
39.9
7.5
..
16.2
11.0
1.3
19.4
72.3
17.9
0.1
..
1.0
59.5
1.9
..
0.8
73.2
18.5
45.4
58.8
..
25.0

11.2
..
..
..
..
..
..

3
..
0
0
0
19
0

0
45
0
1
0
710
18

245
201
2
..
..
885
148

2.9
..
..
..
..
26.3
..

..
4.8
..
..

0
2
4
10

0
10
106
405

..
60
260
552

3.2
8.9
10.2
20.2

..

161

287

11.6

..
..
33.5
1.7
25.2
..

6
2
2
1
7
8

76
29
63
22
156
428

219
93
169
79
333
578

24.3
..
10.7
5.3
10.0
22.3

..

440

599

23.5

..

121

216

..

..

14

3.4

..

144

263

10.2

ropower and ocean resources, and some waste. Excludes nuclear energy.
and self-generated electricity but excludes unauthorized connections.

vascular diseases attributable to outdoor air pollution.

tation or poor hygiene.

ealth, water quantity and biodiversity.
uated, homeless and injured people, expressed per million people.

reats
Natural disasters

(average annual per

million people)

Population
affected
2005/2014

12
1,337
73
0
0
10
14
5,074
364
14,226
0
221
..
0
665
0
206
27,775
0
921
9
819
19

7
3,114
51
153
12,572
827
8
0
0
..
..
19
279
0
..
41
1,667
..
24,051
48
1,055
..
0
277
0
2,000
472
161
682
562
3,682
6,305
634
894
35,508
808
0
2,457
10,160
214
14,228
0
18,081
30,624
0

9,470
1,467
545
217
46,648
9,882
4,506
3,301
0
1,079
1,578
0
48,256
944
343
13,408
20,568
2,549
27,578
6,002
115,690
73,314
9,681
29,190
70,701
10,905
34
62
18,001
22,280
13,248
4,364
22,279
4,057
6,040
908
9,854
1,610
6,840
5
0
6,531
4,292
39,146
1,624
6

105,941
9,378
860
20,060
25,572
38,560
231
4,351
0
52,340
10,726
737
63,965
50,204
38,572
11,986
23,856
2,821
951
6,280
28,826
1,463
314
0
26,183
3,055
22,280
28,112
28,828
0
46,271
8,366
29,014
6,406
13,473
35,652
11,026
5,667
607
22,638
46,023
45,968
19,098
7,920
55,515
360

60,491
4,818
53,388
369
10,376
13,001
27,986
88,442
7,598
12,059
17,311
104
54,758
25,871
29,355
471
14,150
8,168
38,351
18,424
1,028
1,473
48,243
27,356
43,132
29,975
2,515
97,330
22,195
14,022
..
..
..
120,989
0

Table 13: Work and employment

Employment to
population ratio a
HDI rank

1
2
3
4
5
6
6
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
32
34
35

Country

Labour force
participation
rate

(% ages 15 and older)

(% ages 15 and
older)

2013

2013

62.6
61.5
65.2
58.1
60.1
56.7
52.6
57.8
61.5
63.6
65.9
57.0
..
58.9
57.4
69.8
59.1
59.4
54.2
56.8
48.8
50.1
58.0
54.9
51.8
43.3
43.1
55.4
38.7
56.5
61.6
53.6
86.2
..
51.1

64.9
65.2
68.2
62.5
64.4
59.9
60.5
62.5
66.2
67.8
67.8
58.9
..
64.1
62.1
73.9
61.0
63.4
57.6
59.2
53.3
55.9
61.0
59.8
57.7
59.0
49.1
59.5
53.2
62.0
64.0
63.7
86.7
..
59.5

VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Norway
Australia
Switzerland
Denmark
Netherlands
Germany
Ireland
United States
Canada
New Zealand
Singapore
Hong Kong, China (SAR)
Liechtenstein
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Korea (Republic of)
Israel
Luxembourg
Japan
Belgium
France
Austria
Finland
Slovenia
Spain
Italy
Czech Republic
Greece
Estonia
Brunei Darussalam
Cyprus
Qatar
Andorra
Slovakia

36
37
37
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
50
52
52
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
60
62
63
64
64
66
67
67
69
69
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80

Poland
Lithuania
Malta
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
United Arab Emirates
Chile
Portugal
Hungary
Bahrain
Latvia
Croatia
Kuwait
Montenegro
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Belarus
Russian Federation
Oman
Romania
Uruguay
Bahamas
Kazakhstan
Barbados
Antigua and Barbuda
Bulgaria
Palau
Panama
Malaysia
Mauritius
Seychelles
Trinidad and Tobago
Serbia
Cuba
Lebanon
Costa Rica
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Turkey
Sri Lanka
Mexico
Brazil
Georgia
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Azerbaijan
Grenada
Jordan

50.7
53.8
48.6
51.8
56.2
76.9
58.1
50.4
46.6
65.0
53.8
42.2
66.3
40.1

56.5
61.0
52.0
54.9
60.8
79.9
61.8
60.3
51.9
70.2
60.6
51.3
68.4
50.0

52.7
60.1
59.9
52.4
61.3
64.1
68.7
62.5
..
46.4
..
62.8
57.5
53.7
..
60.4
40.8
54.9
44.4
58.2
39.2
60.2
44.5
52.6
58.5
65.6
55.8
..
62.5
..
36.3

56.0
63.7
65.1
56.5
65.7
74.1
72.5
71.2
..
53.3
..
65.5
59.4
58.6
..
64.1
52.4
56.7
47.6
63.0
45.1
65.1
49.4
55.0
61.6
69.8
65.0
..
66.1
..
41.6

81
81
83
84
85
85
85
88
89
90
90
90
93
94
94
96
97
97
99
100
101
101
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
110
112
113
114
115
116
116
116
119
120
121
122
123
124
125

The former Yugoslav Republic of M

Ukraine
Algeria
Peru
Albania
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ecuador
Saint Lucia
China
Fiji
Mongolia
Thailand
Dominica
Libya
Tunisia
Colombia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Jamaica
Tonga
Belize
Dominican Republic
Suriname
Maldives
Samoa
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Botswana
Moldova (Republic of)
Egypt
Turkmenistan
Gabon
Indonesia
Paraguay
Palestine, State of
Uzbekistan
Philippines
El Salvador
South Africa
Viet Nam
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Kyrgyzstan
Iraq
Cabo Verde
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Guyana
Nicaragua

39.2
54.7
39.6
73.3
46.3
53.2
32.5
65.7
..
68.0
50.5
59.8
71.7
..
42.6
41.3
60.3
..
53.8
..
56.0
55.2
50.3
59.1
..

55.2
59.4
43.9
76.2
55.1
63.4
45.3
68.6
69.2
71.3
55.0
62.9
72.3
..
53.0
47.6
67.4
67.0
63.3
63.9
65.6
64.9
54.5
66.8
41.5

62.6
38.6
42.9
55.0
48.9
63.5
66.6
31.6
55.1
60.6
58.2
39.2
75.9
70.6
62.0
35.5
62.8
..
54.5
58.8

76.7
40.7
49.1
61.5
60.8
67.7
70.3
41.2
61.6
65.2
62.1
52.1
77.5
72.5
67.5
42.3
67.5
..
61.4
63.4

126
126
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
134
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
143
145
145
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
156
158
159
160
161
162
163
163
163
166
167
168
169
170

Morocco
Namibia
Guatemala
Tajikistan
India
Honduras
Bhutan
Timor-Leste
Syrian Arab Republic
Vanuatu
Congo
Kiribati
Equatorial Guinea
Zambia
Ghana
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Sao Tome and Principe
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Kenya
Nepal
Pakistan
Myanmar
Angola
Swaziland
Tanzania (United Republic of)
Nigeria
Cameroon
Madagascar
Zimbabwe
Mauritania
Solomon Islands
Papua New Guinea
Comoros
Yemen
Lesotho
Togo
Haiti
Rwanda
Uganda
Benin
Sudan
Djibouti
South Sudan
Senegal

45.9
49.0
65.8
60.7
52.2
60.0
70.9
36.2
38.9
..
66.1
..
79.8
68.8
66.2
76.6
67.8
82.3
..

50.5
59.0
67.7
67.9
54.2
62.6
72.5
37.9
43.6
70.8
70.7
..
86.7
79.3
69.3
77.7
70.8
82.5
61.1

61.1
81.1
51.6
75.9
65.2
44.5
86.0
51.8
67.4
85.4
81.9
37.2
63.7
70.7
53.9
40.3
49.7
75.4
61.2
85.4
74.5
72.1
45.4
..
..
68.7

67.3
83.3
54.4
78.6
70.0
57.4
89.1
56.1
70.3
88.5
86.5
53.9
66.3
72.3
57.6
48.8
66.0
81.0
65.8
85.9
77.5
72.9
53.5
52.0
..
76.5

171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188

Afghanistan
Cte d'Ivoire
Malawi
Ethiopia
Gambia
Congo (Democratic Republic of the)
Liberia
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Sierra Leone
Guinea
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Chad
Eritrea
Central African Republic
Niger
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of
Marshall Islands
Monaco
Nauru
San Marino
Somalia
Tuvalu

44.0
64.6
76.7
79.0
72.0
66.2
59.3
68.1
60.6
77.2
65.2
70.7
80.8
76.9
66.6
78.7
72.7
61.4

47.9
67.3
83.0
83.7
77.4
71.9
61.5
73.3
66.0
84.2
67.3
72.0
83.4
82.6
71.6
84.8
78.7
64.7

74.4
..
..
..
..
52.2
..

78.0
..
..
..
..
56.1
..

Human development groups

Very high human development
High human development
Medium human development
Low human development

55.4
63.4
55.7
63.9

60.3
67.1
58.8
68.1

Developing countries

60.7

64.3

Regions
Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa

44.7
67.9
51.5
62.2
53.2
65.7

50.3
71.1
57.2
66.4
55.6
70.9

Least developed countries

Small island developing states

69.8
58.3

74.0
63.1

Organisation for Economic Co-op

54.9

59.7

World

59.7

63.5

Notes
a. Modeled ILO estimates
b. Data refer to 1990 or the most recent year available
c. Data refer to 2012 or the most recent year available
d. Data refer to the most recent year available
e. Refers to a year between 2003 and the earliest year in the column heading.
T. From original data source

Definitions
Employment to population ratio: Percentage of the population ages 15 and older that is employed.
Labour force participation rate: Percentage of a country's working-age population that engages actively
Employment in agriculture: Share of total employment that is employed in agriculture.
Employment in services: Share of total employment that is employed in services.
Labour force with tertiary education: Percentage of the labour force that has attained the tertiary level
Vulnerable employment: Percentage of employed people engaged as unpaid family workers and own-ac
Unemployment rate: Percentage of the labour force population ages 15 and older that is not in paid emp
Long-term unemployment rate: Percentage of the labour force ages 15 and older that has not worked f
Youth unemployment rate: Percentage of the labour force population ages 1524 that is not in paid emp
Youth not in school or employment: Percentage of young people ages 1524 who are not in employme
Output per worker: Output per unit of labour input, expressed as GDP per person engaged, in 2005 inte
Hours worked per week: The number of hours that employed people (wage and salaried workers as we

Main data sources

Columns 17 and 913: ILO (2015a).
Columns 8 and 14: ILO (2015b).

Employment
Employment in
agriculture

Labour force
with tertiary
education

Employment in
services

(% of total employment)

1990

6.4
5.6
4.2
5.5
4.5
..
12.7
2.9
4.1
10.6
..
0.9
..
3.4
2.1
..
17.9
4.1
3.3
7.2
3.1
5.6
7.9
8.8
..
11.8
8.8
..
23.9
21.0
..
13.5
..
..
..

2012

2.2
3.3
3.5
2.6
2.5
1.5
4.7
1.6
2.4
6.6
1.1
0.2
..
2.0
1.2
5.5
6.6
1.7
1.3
3.7
1.2
2.9
4.9
4.1
8.3
4.4
3.7
3.1
13.0
4.7
..
2.9
1.4
..
3.2

1990

69.2
69.3
63.6
66.6
68.6
..
59.6
70.7
71.9
64.5
63.4
62.4
..
67.2
64.9
..
46.7
67.5
66.4
58.2
65.6
64.8
54.9
61.1
..
54.8
59.3
..
48.3
41.8
..
56.3
..
..
..

Vulnerable
employment

(%)
b

2012

77.4
75.5
72.5
77.5
71.5
70.2
76.9
81.2
76.5
72.5
77.1
87.7
..
77.9
78.9
75.8
76.4
77.1
84.1
69.7
77.1
74.9
68.9
72.7
60.3
74.9
68.5
58.8
70.3
64.1
..
76.9
46.8
..
59.2

2007-2012

41.9
37.3
38.8
36.6
36.1
30.8
43.7
61.9
50.8
38.6
..
25.3
..
37.6
41.2
37.0
31.0
51.0
43.3
37.5
41.3
34.9
22.5
43.1
30.7
36.2
18.9
21.0
29.9
40.0
..
42.4
..
..
20.8

(% of total employment)
d

2008-2013

5.1
9.0
9.1
5.6
12.3
6.5
12.7
..
..
12.1
8.7
6.9
..
6.8
12.1
8.3
24.8
7.2
6.2
10.5
10.8
7.0
8.7
9.4
13.6
12.8
17.9
14.5
30.3
5.4
..
13.5
0.2
..
12.4

25.2
..
..
..
0.4
..
19.3
17.9
18.2
..
..
..
..
..

12.6
8.9
1.0
4.7
0.6
3.8
10.3
10.5
5.2
1.1
8.4
13.7
2.7
5.7

35.8
..
..
..
67.6
..
55.5
47.6
45.0
..
..
..
73.2
..

57.0
65.9
76.4
70.7
75.3
73.1
66.4
63.8
64.9
62.4
68.1
58.7
76.0
76.2

29.6
38.5
22.2
..
23.5
19.5
19.9
20.3
25.5
..
32.8
23.1
18.4
..

21.6
13.9
..
29.1
0.0
..
..
6.3
..
18.5
..
..
26.0
16.7
..
12.3
..
..
..
25.9
..
13.4
46.9
47.8
22.6
22.8
..
..
30.9
..
..

10.5
9.7
5.2
29.0
10.9
3.7
25.5
2.8
2.8
6.4
..
16.7
12.6
7.8
..
3.8
21.0
19.7
..
13.4
21.2
7.7
23.6
39.4
13.4
15.3
53.4
..
37.7
..
2.0

36.1
45.6
..
27.4
67.0
79.6
..
62.0
..
37.3
..
52.8
46.5
40.0
..
60.5
..
..
..
47.5
..
61.2
32.4
30.0
46.1
54.5
..
43.0
31.1
49.4
76.3

49.9
62.3
57.9
42.4
68.0
83.0
55.1
72.6
81.6
62.2
..
65.2
59.0
64.7
..
63.8
52.6
63.2
..
66.9
46.5
70.7
50.4
41.5
61.9
62.7
36.2
..
48.0
..
80.5

..
54.9
..
18.4
26.3
..
..
19.0
..
28.0
..
38.7
18.9
9.8
..
..
..
15.9
22.5
24.7
..
39.7
19.2
14.6
25.4
18.3
..
..
14.5
..
..

17.6
9.6
9.1
..
19.0
1.0
24.4
16.7
6.0
2.0
7.4
13.7
2.2
..
2.1
5.7
..
30.9
22.2
..
28.6
14.0
..
8.2
..
29.2
22.2
17.1
..
15.6
28.6
..
27.8
20.2
42.0
30.3
31.3
43.1
29.2
25.1
60.6
..
56.4
..
9.7

..
19.8
..
1.2
..
..
..
7.5
..
60.1
..
..
64.0
..
..
..
1.4
..
..
..
..
..
3.7
25.2
..

17.3
17.2
10.8
25.8
41.5
38.9
20.5
27.8
14.8
34.8
..
32.6
39.6
..
..
16.2
16.9
..
18.1
31.8
19.5
14.5
8.0
11.5
..

..
15.4
..
71.5
..
..
..
67.3
..
18.5
..
..
22.0
38.8
50.2
39.1
67.7
..
..
44.7
..
..
73.3
48.5
..

52.8
62.1
58.4
56.8
37.7
44.4
49.0
54.4
59.4
35.7
..
49.6
39.4
..
..
49.6
62.2
..
66.5
37.5
61.9
67.8
64.3
60.0
..

22.0
..
10.9
15.7
..
22.9
..
21.5
..
..
..
26.8
..
..
..
..
23.1
..
..
..
12.3
21.1
..
..
..

..
33.8
39.0
..
..
55.9
2.1
..
..
45.2
7.4
..
..
1.2
32.7
..
..
..
..
39.3

29.9
26.4
29.2
..
24.2
35.9
27.2
11.5
..
32.2
21.0
4.6
47.4
32.1
34.0
23.4
..
..
..
32.2

31.4
33.9
40.1
..
..
30.2
70.3
..
..
39.7
63.4
..
..
73.2
39.4
..
..
..
..
38.2

54.9
54.3
47.1
..
64.0
43.5
56.7
62.2
..
52.5
57.9
62.7
31.5
47.9
45.3
58.3
..
..
..
51.2

0.0
25.3
..
..
..
7.1
16.6
23.3
..
25.3
14.1
6.6
..
15.7
1.5
..
..
..
..
13.9

23.4
18.1
26.9
46.3
58.1
29.8
25.3
51.2
..
..
38.8
51.4
55.9
..
..
28.8
48.6
8.0
37.5
55.2
23.5
37.1
..
29.6
38.1
12.9
30.5
26.4
..
52.9
33.0
43.2
25.6
..
39.8
37.6
10.0
62.6
54.9
47.3
..
..
..
..
47.1

3.9
..
12.9
..
..
50.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
49.8
..
..
..
..
..

39.2
27.4
32.3
55.5
47.2
35.3
62.2
50.6
14.3
60.5
35.4
..
..
72.2
41.5
..
48.1
51.0
..

59.5
..
57.2
..
..
33.2
..
..
46.2
..
..
..
17.6
20.8
..
..
14.8
..
28.3

39.3
58.7
48.2
26.2
28.1
44.9
29.1
39.8
53.0
31.1
42.2
..
..
20.6
43.1
..
37.4
30.4
..

9.5
10.8
7.5
..
..
8.0
..
2.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
51.1
69.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
65.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

61.1
..
44.7
..
..
..
76.5
44.6
53.3
80.4
64.8
..
..
..
..
24.7
..
54.1
..
78.8
65.6
42.7
..
..
..
33.7

..
..
28.9
21.0
..
..
..
43.7
14.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
22.8
6.7
..
..
..
..
..
..

32.2
..
35.2
..
..
..
19.2
41.7
34.1
15.8
15.3
..
..
..
..
56.2
..
37.5
..
16.6
28.4
46.2
..
..
..
36.1

..
..
24.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.4
..
..
..
..
..
11.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

e
e

50.7
7.8
49.9
47.1
80.8
53.3
53.1
69.6
32.9
70.0
75.1
..
..
81.3
76.8
88.0
85.0
64.1
..
..
..
63.1
..
..
..
74.0
..
76.4
88.3
..
..
..
..
..
29.6
..
89.1
..
..
80.6
89.9
..
..
..
58.0

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
79.3
..
..
48.9
..
66.0
80.5
68.5
..
84.8
..
..
..
..
56.9

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
13.0
..
..
41.9
..
28.3
16.1
25.0
..
12.2
..
..
..
..
31.1

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
91.2
..
..
78.7
..
82.9
87.8
92.4
..
89.6
94.6
..
..
..
84.8

..
..
..
..
2.5
..
..

..
..
..
..
0.3
..
..

..
..
..
..
53.7
..
..

..
..
..
..
62.7
..
..

..
..
..
..
12.2
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

3.3
28.8
42.5
..

..
..
..
..

74.3
43.8
35.3
..

32.5
..
..
..

12.4
28.7
65.1
..

..

36.9

39.1

..

54.0

..
..
..
..
..
..

20.8
35.5
24.5
16.3
45.9
59.0

..
..
..
54.2
..
..

53.9
37.3
52.5
62.1
30.6
30.0

..
..
..
..
..
..

29.5
..
28.8
31.3
77.3
..

..
..

..
..

..
..

..
..

..
..

..
..

10.1

5.1

59.9

72.3

31.1

15.7

..

30.3

..

46.0

..

47.6

and older that is employed.

population that engages actively in the labour market, either by working or looking for work. It provides an indication of the relat
in agriculture.

at has attained the tertiary level of education, that is levels 5, 5A, 5B and 6 of the International Standard Classification of Educa
npaid family workers and own-account workers.
and older that is not in paid employment or self-employed but is available for work and has taken steps to seek paid employmen
and older that has not worked for at least 12 months but is available for work and has taken specific steps to seek paid employ
es 1524 that is not in paid employment or self-employed but is available for work and has taken steps to seek paid employme
1524 who are not in employment or in education or training.
er person engaged, in 2005 international dollars using purchasing power parity rates.
age and salaried workers as well as self-employed workers) work per week.

Unemployment

Total

Long term

Youth
(% of youth labour
force)

(% of labour force)
d

2008-2013

3.5
5.2
4.4
7.0
6.7
5.3
13.0
8.1
7.2
6.9
2.8
3.4
..
8.0
7.7
5.4
3.2
6.9
5.8
4.3
8.4
9.9
4.9
8.2
10.1
26.1
12.2
7.0
27.3
8.6
1.7
15.9
0.3
..
14.2

Youth not in
school or
employment

2008-2013

0.7
1.1
1.3
1.8
2.4
2.3
7.8
1.9
0.9
0.7
0.6
..
..
1.4
2.7
1.0
0.0
0.8
1.8
1.6
3.9
4.0
1.3
1.7
5.2
13.0
6.9
3.0
18.0
3.8
..
6.1
0.1
..
10.0

2008-2014

9.2
12.2
8.5
12.6
11.0
7.9
26.8
13.4
13.5
15.8
7.0
9.4
..
23.6
20.9
10.7
9.3
10.5
15.5
6.9
23.2
23.9
9.2
20.0
21.6
55.5
40.0
19.0
58.3
18.7
..
38.9
1.1
..
33.6

(% ages 1524)
d

2008-2013

5.6
4.7
7.1
6.0
5.1
6.3
16.1
16.5
13.4
11.9
..
6.6
..
7.4
13.3
5.5
..
15.7
5.0
3.9
12.7
11.2
7.1
9.3
9.2
18.6
22.2
9.1
20.4
11.3
..
18.7
9.4
..
13.7

10.3
11.8
6.4
5.6
6.6
4.2
6.4
16.2
10.2
1.2
11.9
17.3
3.6
19.6

4.4
5.1
2.9
1.1
2.0
..
..
9.1
5.0
20.3
5.7
12.0
..
15.8

6.1
5.5
..
7.3
6.4
16.2
5.2
11.6
8.4
12.9
4.2
4.1
3.0
7.6
4.1
3.6
22.1
3.2
9.0
8.5
10.4
7.8
9.7
4.4
4.8
6.7
14.6
..
5.0
..
12.2

..
1.7
..
3.0
..
7.1
..
2.3
..
7.4
..
..
..
2.0
..
..
18.7
..
..
0.7
..
..
1.9
1.9
0.1
9.8
..
..
..
..
4.3

27.3
19.3
13.0
29.5
19.4
12.1
16.1
38.1
27.2
5.3
23.2
50.0
14.6
41.1

12.2
11.1
9.9
18.6
18.6
..
..
14.1
15.4
..
13.0
19.6
..
..

12.5
13.8
..
23.6
19.2
30.8
3.9
29.6
19.9
28.4
..
10.8
10.4
23.2
11.0
9.2
49.4
6.1
22.1
21.8
28.7
17.1
18.7
20.1
9.2
15.0
35.6
11.0
13.8
..
29.3

12.1
12.0
..
17.2
..
..
..
..
..
21.6
..
17.6
..
..
1.2
52.5
19.5
..
..
19.2
34.4
19.2
25.5
0.5
18.2
19.6
..
..
..
..
..

e
e

29.0
7.5
9.8
4.0
13.4
18.4
27.5
4.1
22.2
2.9
6.9
7.9
0.8
..
19.0
17.6
8.9
18.8
13.7
1.1
11.7
15.0
4.8
14.4
5.7
17.9
5.6
13.2
..
20.4
6.2
5.0
23.3
..
7.1
5.9
24.7
2.0
2.7
8.3
15.3
10.7
..
..
5.3

23.9
2.1
7.1
..
11.4
9.7
25.4
..
..
..
2.6
3.4
0.1
..
..
..
1.0
16.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.4
1.7
11.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.1
..
15.5
0.3
1.3
..
..
..
..
..
..

51.9
17.4
24.8
8.8
30.2
36.0
62.8
10.9
27.5
..
18.7
16.5
3.4
26.0
48.7
37.6
19.1
33.8
34.0
11.9
25.0
31.4
15.3
25.4
19.1
36.0
12.2
34.3
..
35.7
31.3
10.5
41.0
..
15.7
12.4
51.4
6.0
6.2
13.4
..
..
..
24.0
11.9

24.2
..
21.5
16.5
30.5
..
..
3.8
..
..
..
1.5
..
..
..
..
22.0
..
..
..
19.0
..
..
56.4
98.8
..
28.6
27.9
..
..
..
12.3
..
..
24.8
..
31.4
9.3
..
21.2
..
..
..
..
..

e
e

e
e

9.2
29.6
3.0
11.5
3.6
3.9
2.1
3.9
8.4
4.6
..
30.6
..
7.8
4.2
1.4
4.5
0.3
16.7
..
2.7
5.0
..
..
28.2
3.5
23.9
3.8
3.8
11.1
31.2
..
..
..
17.8
24.4
..
..
3.4
4.2
1.0
14.8
..
13.7
10.4

5.8
30.9
..
..
1.4
..
..
0.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

19.1
56.2
6.3
16.7
10.7
8.0
9.6
14.8
35.8
10.6
..
54.0
..
15.2
11.2
..
8.7
0.5
..

..
32.0
29.8
..
..
41.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
79.2
..

..
1.0
1.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.0
15.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
3.5
7.7
..
..
..
5.8
..
6.4
2.6
8.7
..
..
5.3
..
33.7
34.4
..
..
4.5
2.6
2.4
22.9
..
18.5
12.7

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7.0
3.5
..
..
..
..

e
e
e

e
e

8.2
9.4
7.8
4.5
..
3.7
3.7
..
7.3
22.5
3.4
1.7
3.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.7
..
..
6.0
..
6.5

..
..
..
1.3
..
..
..
..
..
5.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
8.6
7.3
..
..
5.1
..
10.7
39.3
5.2
1.0
3.8
..
..
..
..
3.2

..
..
..
1.1
..
..
..
..
13.5
10.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
6.9
38.0
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

8.3
4.7
5.3
9.7

3.0
..
..
..

18.0
16.7
15.1
9.8

13.4
..
..
..

5.6

..

14.6

..

11.8
3.3
9.9
6.2
4.2
11.9

..
..
..
..
..
..

29.0
18.6
19.5
13.7
10.9
13.5

..
..
..
..
..
..

6.3
8.7

..
..

10.3
18.0

..
..

8.2

2.8

16.5

14.7

6.1

..

15.1

..

indication of the relative size of the supply of labour available to engage in the production of goods and services.

lassification of Education.

seek paid employment or self-employment.

s to seek paid employment or self-employment.
seek paid employment or self-employment.

Labour productivity
Output per
worker

Hours
worked per
week

(2011 PPP $)

(per employed
person)

2005-2012

92,694
69,987
70,738
67,033
72,312
70,030
91,507
91,710
69,930
50,713
96,573
88,809
..
71,577
69,955
60,672
57,271
65,705
149,978
64,383
80,810
74,114
72,743
68,638
53,749
69,619
69,989
50,197
61,648
41,503
100,057
39,165
96,237
..
48,653

2003-2012

27.3
33.2
31.5
29.7
26.6
26.9
29.4
34.4
32.9
33.4
..
44.0
..
31.2
31.8
32.8
40.2
36.7
30.9
33.6
30.3
28.4
32.7
32.2
31.5
32.4
33.7
34.6
39.1
36.3
..
..
..
..
34.3

42,704
41,579
54,662
78,918
28,204
55,567
34,967
47,474
43,100
41,315
35,380
43,551
80,172
32,875

37.1
..
..
..
39.4
56.8
39.0
32.5
36.3
..
..
..
..
..

..
29,974
..
24,556
28,774
54,282
24,289
33,312
..
30,327
..
32,080
35,036
32,602
..
48,012
20,857
..
35,544
25,232
35,432
27,251
41,353
13,234
30,344
20,921
11,630
..
18,958
..
20,007

..
38.1
..
..
33.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
33.3
43.2
39.7
..
..
..
..
..
36.0
..
32.2
35.7
44.0
42.8
32.5
..
..
..
..
..

29,528
13,670
25,678
18,191
21,813
14,109
27,060
18,547
..
..
11,894
10,921
14,443
..
..
26,335
21,001
..
17,128
..
17,017
22,415
..
18,670
..

..
..
..
40.2
..
35.4
..
37.0
..
..
37.5
..
42.8
..
..
..
36.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

33,651
11,587
19,525
..
46,714
9,536
11,967
..
..
9,571
15,306
35,206
5,250
10,026
4,938
17,067
..
..
9,652
9,043

..
..
..
..
..
..
36.3
..
..
..
35.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
37.4

13,769
21,086
11,461
..
8,821
9,564
11,438
8,156
18,563
..
..
..
..
4,015
4,308
5,114
3,457
3,849
..

..
..
..
..
..
34.9
..
46.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
44.3
..
..

..
2,448
7,367
..
..
..
2,822
..
5,255
1,722
..
10,112
..
5,738
..
9,057
5,526
..
..
..
3,046
3,317
7,093
..
..
4,308

..
37.6
33.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

5,417
..
1,857
2,185
..
..
1,675
..
3,267
..
3,093
..
2,973
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

64,041
23,766
9,483
..

33.3
..
..
..

..

..

26,331
..
30,460
23,243
8,117
..

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..

..
..

..

58,391

34.3

24,280

..

ds and services.

Table 14: Human security

Birth
registration
HDI rank

1
2
3
4
5
6
6
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

Country

(% under age 5)
20052013
c

VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Norway
Australia
Switzerland
Denmark
Netherlands
Germany
Ireland
United States
Canada
New Zealand
Singapore
Hong Kong, China (SAR)
Liechtenstein
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Korea (Republic of)
Israel
Luxembourg
Japan
Belgium
France
Austria
Finland
Slovenia
Spain
Italy
Czech Republic
Greece
Estonia
Brunei Darussalam
Cyprus

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
..
..
100
100
100
100
..
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
..
100

Refugees
by country
of origin a

Internally
displaced
persons

(thousands)
2014

(thousands)
2014

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
4.8
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
..
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.3
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.0

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
212.4

32
34
35
36
37
37
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
50
52
52
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
60
62
63
64
64
66
67
67
69
69
71
72
73
74
75
76

Qatar
Andorra
Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Malta
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
United Arab Emirates
Chile
Portugal
Hungary
Bahrain
Latvia
Croatia
Kuwait
Montenegro
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Belarus
Russian Federation
Oman
Romania
Uruguay
Bahamas
Kazakhstan
Barbados
Antigua and Barbuda
Bulgaria
Palau
Panama
Malaysia
Mauritius
Seychelles
Trinidad and Tobago
Serbia
Cuba
Lebanon
Costa Rica
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Turkey
Sri Lanka
Mexico
Brazil
Georgia

..
100
100
100
100
100
..
100
100
99
100
100
..
100
..
..
99
100
100
..
..
100
..
100
..
..
100
..
..
..
..
..
97
99
100
100
100
99
81
94
97
93
93
100

j
j
j

j
j

j
j

0.0
0.0
0.2
1.4
0.2
0.0
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.6
0.0
1.2
0.3
0.2
40.2
1.0
0.5

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

4.4
75.0
0.0
2.3
0.1
0.2
2.2
0.1
0.0
1.9
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.3
48.8
6.5
4.2
0.5
76.4
8.4
65.9
123.0
9.4
1.0
6.8

..
25.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
97.3
..
19.7
..
..
..
953.7
90.0
281.4
..
232.7

77
78
79
80
81
81
83
84
85
85
85
88
89
90
90
90
93
94
94
96
97
97
99
100
101
101
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
110
112
113
114
115
116
116
116
119

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Azerbaijan
Grenada
Jordan
The former Yugoslav Republic of M
Ukraine
Algeria
Peru
Albania
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ecuador
Saint Lucia
China
Fiji
Mongolia
Thailand
Dominica
Libya
Tunisia
Colombia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Jamaica
Tonga
Belize
Dominican Republic
Suriname
Maldives
Samoa
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Botswana
Moldova (Republic of)
Egypt
Turkmenistan
Gabon
Indonesia
Paraguay
Palestine, State of
Uzbekistan
Philippines
El Salvador
South Africa
Viet Nam
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

..
94
..
99
100
100
99
96
99
100
100
90
92
..
..
99
99
..
..
99
97
..
98
..
95
81
99
93
48
72
100
99
..
90
67
76
99
100
90
99
85
95
76

0.0
10.9
0.3
1.6
1.8
6.3
3.7
4.8
10.5
12.2
22.3
0.7
0.7
205.0
1.1
2.1
0.2
0.0
3.4
1.4
108.5
1.5
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0

..
568.9
..
..
0.2
646.5
..
150.0
..
8.4
100.4
..
..
..
..
..
35.0
..
400.0
..
6,044.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0.2
2.2
13.1
0.5
0.2
9.8
0.1
5,589.8
5.0
0.7
9.7
0.4
314.1
0.6

..
..
..
4.0
..
84.0
..
275.0
3.4
77.7
288.9
..
..
..

120
121
122
123
124
125
126
126
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
134
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
143
145
145
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
156
158
159
160
161
162
163

Kyrgyzstan
Iraq
Cabo Verde
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Guyana
Nicaragua
Morocco
Namibia
Guatemala
Tajikistan
India
Honduras
Bhutan
Timor-Leste
Syrian Arab Republic
Vanuatu
Congo
Kiribati
Equatorial Guinea
Zambia
Ghana
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Sao Tome and Principe
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Kenya
Nepal
Pakistan
Myanmar
Angola
Swaziland
Tanzania (United Republic of)
Nigeria
Cameroon
Madagascar
Zimbabwe
Mauritania
Solomon Islands
Papua New Guinea
Comoros
Yemen
Lesotho
Togo
Haiti

98
99
91
..
88
85
94
78
97
88
84
94
100
55
96
43
91
94
54
14
63
75
31
62
75
60
42
34
72
36
50
16
30
61
83
49
59
..
..
87
17
45
78
80

j
j

2.3
426.1
0.0
..
0.8
1.5
1.3
1.1
6.6
0.7
11.2
3.3
26.7
0.0
3,017.5
0.0
11.7
0.0
0.2
0.2
22.5
7.7
10.0
13.6
0.0

..
3,276.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
248.5
..
853.9
29.4
..
0.9
7,600.0
..
7.8
..
..
..
..
4.5
431.0
..
..

8.6
8.1
32.8
223.7
10.3
0.1
1.0
32.2
11.5
0.3
19.7
34.3
0.1
0.2
0.5
2.5
0.0
10.3
38.5

309.2
50.0
1,900.0
645.3
..
..
..
1,075.3
40.0
..
36.0
..
..
7.5
..
334.1
..
10.0
..

163
163
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188

Rwanda
Uganda
Benin
Sudan
Djibouti
South Sudan
Senegal
Afghanistan
Cte d'Ivoire
Malawi
Ethiopia
Gambia
Congo (Democratic Republic of the)
Liberia
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Sierra Leone
Guinea
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Chad
Eritrea
Central African Republic
Niger
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of
Marshall Islands
Monaco
Nauru
San Marino
Somalia
Tuvalu

63
30
80
59
92
35
73
37
65
2
7
53
28
4
24
81
48
78
58
77
75
16
..
61
64
100
96
100
83
100
3
50

1.2
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
1,080.8
0.0

..
..
..
..
..
1,106.8
..

Human development groups

Very high human development
High human development
Medium human development
Low human development

100
96
80
39

56.7
839.4
9,511.5
5,984.7

212.4
9,653.8
13,185.0
14,012.2

Developing countries

67

17,341.9

38,144.8

Regions
Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific
Europe and Central Asia

81
79
97

10,806.0
780.0
203.5

82.6
6.7
0.3
657.8
0.8
508.5
21.8
2,690.8
70.9
0.3
74.5
3.4
493.3
16.8
1.2
147.7
0.1
5.3
15.2
1.6
71.9
14.6
286.0
377.1
0.7

v
v
v

..
29.8
..
3,100.0
..
1,498.2
24.0
805.4
300.9
..
397.2
..
2,756.6
23.0
..
61.6
..
..
..
..
77.6
71.0
10.0
438.5
11.0

16,111.6
854.9
2,615.5

v
v
v

Latin America and the Caribbean

South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa

92
72
41

207.3
2,979.0
2,366.1

v
v
v

7,042.4
4,130.3
7,177.7

v
v
v

Least developed countries

Small island developing states

39
..

6,948.0
54.4

v
v

11,886.5
8.4

v
v

Organisation for Economic Co-op

98

88.3

1,235.1

World

71

17,474.2

38,170.2

Notes

a. Data refer to people recognized as refugees under the 1951 UN Convention, the 1967 UN Protocol and
for Refugees (UNHCR) has estimated the refugee population in many industrialized countries based on 1
b. For more detailed comments on the estimates, see www.internal-displacement.org.
c. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
d. Refers to intimate partner violence only.
e. Includes forms of emotional violence.
f. For more detailed country notes, see www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison_population_rate.
g. Refers to urban areas only.
h. HDRO calculations based on data from ICPS (2014).
i. Data differ from the standard definition or refer to only part of a country.
j. Data were updated on 6 October 2014 and supersede data published in UNODC (2014).
k. Refers to 1990.
l. Refers to rural areas only.
m. Includes Palestinian refugees under the responsibility of United Nations Relief and Works Agency for P
n. Based on secondary information and surveys that use different methodologies. It does not reflect the fu
o. Windhoek only.
p. Khatlon region only.
q. Refers to nonpartner violence only.
r. May include citizens of South Sudan.
s. Refers to average for 20092011 prior to South Sudan's independence.
t. An unknown number of refugees and asylum-seekers from South Sudan may be included under data fo
u. Unweighted sum of national estimates.

DEFINITIONS

Birth registration: Percentage of children under age 5 who were registered at the moment of the survey.
registered.
Refugees by country of origin: Number of people who have fled their country of origin because of a wel
cannot or do not want to return to their country of origin.
Internally displaced persons: Number of people who have been forced to leave their homes or places o
human rights or natural or human-made disastersand who have not crossed an internationally recogniz
Homeless people due to natural disaster: People who lack a shelter for living quarters as a result of na
on a more or less random basis, expressed as a percentage of the total population.
Prison
population:
and (ages
juvenile
prisoners
including
pre-trial
detainees,
unless
otherwise
Orphaned
children:Number
Numberofofadult
children
017)
who have
lost one
or both
parents due
to any
cause

Homicide rate: Number of unlawful deaths purposefully inflicted on a person by another person, expresse
Suicide rate: Number of deaths from purposely self-inflicted injuries expressed per 100,000 people in the
Depth of food deficit: Number of kilocalories needed to lift the undernourished from their status, holding

Intimate or nonintimate partner violence ever experienced by a woman: Percentage of the female po
Main data sources
Columns 1 and 5: UNICEF (2015).
Column 2: UNHCR (2015).
Column 3: IDMC (2015).
Column 4: CRED EM-DAT (2015) and UNDESA (2013a).
Column 6: ICPS (2014).
Column 7: UNODC (2014).
Columns 8 and 9: WHO (2015).
Column 10: FAO (2015a).
Column 11: UN Women (2014).

Suicide rate
Homeless
people due
to natural
disaster

Orphaned
children

Prison
population

Homicide
rate

(average
annual per
million people)
2005/2014

(thousands)
2013

(per 100,000
people)
20022013

(per 100,000
people)
20082012 c

0
33
0
0
0
0
0
15
21
16
0
0
..
0
48
0
9
0
0
32
0
1
0
0
51
33
124
0
37
0
0
0

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

72
130
82
73
82
79
88
716
118
192
230
128
24
67
147
47
99
223
122
51
108
98
98
58
66
147
106
154
111
238
122
106

2.2
1.1
0.6
0.8
0.9
0.8
1.2
4.7
1.6
0.9
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.7
1.0
0.3
0.9
1.8
0.8
0.3
1.6
1.0
0.9
1.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.7
5.0
2.0
2.0

(per 100,000 people)

Female
2012

5.2
5.2
5.1
4.1
4.8
4.1
5.2
5.2
4.8
5.0
5.3
..
..
6.1
2.6
6.7
18.0
2.3
4.4
10.1
7.7
6.0
5.4
7.5
4.4
2.2
1.9
3.9
1.3
3.8
5.2
1.5

..
..
0
0
0
..
37
18
..
4,832
1
0
..
0
0
0
0

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

60
38
187
217
329
145
162
147
238
266
136
186
275
304
108
137
208

1.1
1.3
1.4
1.2
6.7
2.8
0.8
5.5
0.7
3.1
1.2
1.3
0.5
4.7
1.2
0.4
2.7

0
10
0
27
297
0
55
0
0
0
0
35
103
0
0
0
15
666
0
0
9
13
45
5,767
319
53
137

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

335
475
61
155
281
444
295
521
403
151
295
411
132
202
709
281
142
510
118
314
284
161
179
132
210
274
225

5.1
9.2
1.1
1.7
7.9
29.8
7.8
7.4
11.2
1.9
3.1
17.2
2.3
2.8
9.5
28.3
1.2
4.2
2.2
8.5
4.1
53.7
2.6
3.4
21.5
25.2
4.3

1.2
..
2.5
3.8
8.4
0.7
0.2
4.1
1.7
5.8
3.5
7.4
2.9
4.3
4.5
0.8
6.4
6.4
6.2
0.6
2.9
5.2
1.3
9.3
0.6
..
5.3
..
1.3
1.5
2.9
..
6.2
5.8
4.5
0.6
2.2
3.6
1.0
4.2
12.8
1.7
2.5
1.0

0
77
0
0
0
7
12
196
7
0
0
98
0
212
0
0
24
135
0
0
27
550
43
0
0
116
0
0
0

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

714
413
424
95
122
305
162
202
158
164
78
149
317
121
174
287
398
391
81
199
245
376
152
150
476
240
186
307
228

0
0
1
0
52
327
31
13
0
98
287
17
948
1,490

130
..
..
..
66
..
..
..
..
..
..
3,600
..
..

205
188
80
224
196
59
118
..
152
111
422
294
145
140

33.6
2.1
13.3
2.0
1.4
4.3
0.7
9.6
5.0
1.8
1.3
12.4
21.6
1.0
4.0
9.7
5.0
21.1
1.7
2.2
30.8
25.6
39.3
1.0
44.7
22.1
6.1
3.9
3.6

..
1.0
..
1.9
3.2
5.3
1.5
2.1
5.2
0.9
4.1
5.3
..
8.7
4.1
3.7
4.5
..
1.4
1.4
1.9
..
0.7
..
0.5
2.1
11.9
4.9
..

18.4
6.5
3.4
12.8
9.1
0.6
9.7
7.4
3.7
8.8
41.2
31.0
3.3
12.1

2.0
4.8
1.2
7.5
4.5
4.9
3.2
..
4.1
1.2
5.7
1.1
2.4
8.5

59
8
0
0
0
99
0
0
433
32
743
141
0
0
0
0
519
88
0
154
0
0
76
0
0

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
150
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
220
..
..
1,400
990
..
..
..
..

181
110
267
80
260
153
220
191
105
130
30
153
135
25
58
76
31
114
95
119
54
69
42
106
128

9.1
8.0
10.3
4.6
17.0
11.3
2.2
17.2
39.9
1.6
3.5
90.4
1.7
3.6
2.2
2.9
12.5
8.2
19.3
10.7
6.1
5.9
2.7
6.5
3.3

4.5
2.1
1.6
..
22.1
4.9
1.2
1.4
4.3
2.8
16.4
2.8
11.2
5.8
0.2
..
4.6
..
8.6
10.8
2.2
6.6
8.7
6.5
..

12
316
2,920
14
520
22
68
9
233
1,206
0
362
113
327
0
17
130
214
948

2,500
..
..
..
1,100
100
3,100
10,000
1,500
..
1,100
..
..
300
..
..
220
360
340

121
48
39
120
105
284
78
32
119
87
129
45
55
48
16
55
121
64
96

6.4
2.9
7.7
15.2
10.0
33.8
12.7
20.0
7.6
11.1
10.6
5.0
4.3
10.4
10.0
4.8
38.0
10.3
10.2

8.4
20.0
9.6
10.3
7.3
4.1
18.3
2.9
3.4
6.9
9.7
1.5
7.2
9.1
10.3
3.0
3.4
2.8
2.4

55
853
1,638
627
0
0
0
161
53
565
1
24
36
100
48
72
331
40
37
412
564
106
0
1,044
517

..
2,400
450
..
42
570
..
..
1,300
1,200
4,000
83
4,000
200
120
1,100
2,100
310
670
990
740
980
180
320
..

492
97
75
56
83
65
64
76
34
76
136
56
33
46
..
36
65
52
25
28
72
41
..
19
42

23.1
10.7
8.4
11.2
10.1
13.9
2.8
6.5
13.6
1.8
12.0
10.2
28.3
3.2
8.4
7.5
12.4
1.9
8.9
8.0
8.0
7.3
7.1
11.8
4.7

7.2
12.3
3.1
11.5
9.5
12.8
2.8
5.3
4.1
8.9
6.7
2.6
4.8
2.0
2.4
2.7
21.1
4.5
2.4
2.8
12.5
2.3
8.7
5.3
1.9

1,451
0
..
..
..
258
0

..
..
..
..
..
630
..

..
58
73
277
6
..
120

5.2
4.7
0.0
1.3
0.7
8.0
4.2

..
..
..
..
..
6.8
..

..
..
..
4,125

281
188
63
71

2.2
6.5
5.0
12.1

5.5
6.4
10.8
7.7

..

109

6.9

8.3

..
..
..

116
123
220

4.0
2.1
3.9

2.6
7.3
4.8

..
..
3,987

230
46
90

23.2
3.9
14.5

2.8
14.2
6.3

..
..

77
230

10.0
13.0

8.6
..

..

279

4.0

5.3

..

144

6.2

7.8

he 1967 UN Protocol and the 1969 Organization of African States Convention. In the absence of government figures, the Office
ed countries based on 10 years of individual asylum-seeker recognition.

prison_population_rate.

and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East.

. It does not reflect the full scale of displacement. No organization or mechanism monitors the number of internally displaced pe

e included under data for Sudan.

he moment of the survey. It includes children whose birth certificate was seen by the interviewer and children whose mother or c

f origin because of a well founded fear of persecution due to their race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a

e their homes or places of habitual residencein particular, as a result of or to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of g
n internationally recognized state border.
quarters as a result of natural disasters, who carry their few possessions with them and who sleep in the streets, in doorways or
on.
ainees, due
unless
otherwise
parents
to any
cause.noted in the country note (see note f), expressed per 100,000 people.

another person, expressed per 100,000 people.

er 100,000 people in the reference population.
rom their status, holding all other factors constant.

centage of the female population, ages 15 and older, that has ever experienced physical or sexual violence from an intimate or

Suicide rate

Violence against
women

(per 100,000 people)

Depth of
food deficit

Intimate or
nonintimate
partner violence
ever experienced

Male
2012

(kilocalories per
person per day)
2012/2014

(%)
20012011

13.0
16.1
13.6
13.6
11.7
14.5
16.9
19.4
14.9
14.4
9.8
..
..
16.2
9.8
21.0
41.7
9.8
13.0
26.9
21.0
19.3
18.2
22.2
20.8
8.2
7.6
21.5
6.3
24.9
7.7
7.7

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
15
..

26.8
39.9
39.0
50.0
..
40.0
14.5
35.6
6.4
33.1
9.2
21.0
..
46.0
28.4
42.0
..
..
..
18.5
28.9
..
..
43.5
..
..
31.9
58.0
..
..
..
..

d,e
d,e
d
d,h

5.7
..
18.5
30.5
51.0
11.1
0.6
17.2
3.9
19.0
13.6
32.4
11.6
30.7
19.8
1.0
24.7

..
..
..
..
..
..
11
6
26
23
..
..
..
..
..
17
..

..
..
27.9
35.0
37.6
16.0
..
..
..
35.7
38.0
..
..
..
..
..
..

32.7
35.1
1.2
18.4
20.0
3.6
40.6
4.1
..
16.6
..
8.1
4.7
13.2
..
20.4
19.9
18.5
1.2
11.2
6.7
4.3
11.8
46.4
7.1
9.4
5.7

..
..
28
..
25
..
20
24
..
..
..
75
20
36
..
64
..
10
34
40
41
12
1
209
30
11
68

..
..
..
28.5
..
..
..
30.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
26.2
..
..
60.0
..
..
19.7
..
46.7
38.8
9.1

d
d,e

d,e

d,l

d,e
m
d

..
2.4
..
2.2
7.3
30.3
2.3
4.4
6.6
5.0
18.0
13.2
..
7.1
10.6
16.3
19.1
..
2.2
3.4
9.1
..
1.8
..
4.9
6.1
44.5
7.8
..

..
15
..
13
..
..
23
58
..
48
..
73
..
83
30
174
60
..
..
4
73
46
62
..
40
91
59
45
23

..
15.0
..
23.0
..
18.3
..
38.9
..
9.5
..
46.3
..
..
..
..
43.8
..
..
..
37.4
..
35.0
..
..
17.2
..
28.4
75.8

5.7
24.1
2.4
32.5
12.1
3.7
9.1
..
13.2
4.8
23.5
5.5
8.0
16.2

191
..
12
27
20
55
80
..
37
97
88
16
95
120

..
24.6
33.7
..
..
3.1
..
..
..
23.6
26.3
..
38.5
67.6

d,e

d,e

d
d

14.2
1.2
9.1
..
70.8
15.4
9.9
4.4
13.7
5.7
25.8
8.3
23.1
10.2
0.7
..
14.7
..
24.1
20.8
4.2
11.2
6.8
12.6
..

42
190
77
..
79
130
34
315
99
268
110
89
..
198
..
40
188
24
..
415
25
134
122
108
37

..
..
16.1
..
..
29.3
44.5
42.5
27.6
58.3
35.4
..
..
39.2
..
48.0
..
73.0
..
51.9
44.5
..
53.3
22.3
..

24.4
30.1
9.1
16.5
20.7
8.6
31.6
10.3
10.9
15.2
27.2
4.5
13.9
15.9
24.0
4.3
9.2
8.5
3.3

140
50
170
113
104
186
241
39
66
223
259
41
65
..
..
177
75
96
510

45.1
26.0
..
..
..
..
45.4
29.5
51.1
..
43.4
..
64.0
..
..
..
..
..
20.0

p
d
d,q

17.1
26.9
8.8
23.0
20.9
27.1
8.6
6.2
10.6
23.9
16.5
7.6
15.8
6.8
7.2
7.2
34.2
11.0
7.1
7.3
34.1
7.4
25.8
14.1
5.3

247
167
60
176
143
..
134
158
96
139
250
34
..
269
157
23
195
169
120
167
..
288
..
302
59

..
..
..
..
..
18.1
..

344
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
36.3
..
..
..
..
46.6

18.2
10.3
17.4
15.2

..
64
98
147

..
..
..
..

13.4

94

..

5.5
7.3
18.5

68
83
..

..
..
..

47.9
62.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
41.2
55.9
..
64.1
38.6
..
..
31.5
..
..
15.4
..
..
..
..
..

d
d

9.9
21.5
15.6

43
115
133

..
..
..

15.6
..

167
..

..
..

17.4

..

32.5

14.7

93

..

nce of government figures, the Office of the UN High Commissioner

the number of internally displaced persons systematically.

ewer and children whose mother or caretaker says the birth has been

y, political opinion or membership in a particular social group and who

fects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of

o sleep in the streets, in doorways or on piers, or in any other space,

ople.

r sexual violence from an intimate or nonintimate partner.

Tabele 15: International integration

Trade

HDI rank

1
2
3
4
5
6
6
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
32
34

Country

Financial flows

Exports and
imports

Foreign direct
investment, net
inflows

(% of GDP)

(% of GDP)

2013
VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Norway
67.0
Australia
41.0
Switzerland
132.2
Denmark
102.8
Netherlands
155.6
Germany
85.3
Ireland
189.8
United States
30.0
Canada
61.9
New Zealand
57.5
Singapore
358.0
Hong Kong, China (SAR)
458.3
Liechtenstein
..
Sweden
82.7
United Kingdom
61.6
Iceland
103.1
Korea (Republic of)
102.8
Israel
64.5
Luxembourg
371.4
Japan
35.1
Belgium
164.2
France
58.0
Austria
103.4
Finland
77.3
Slovenia
143.4
Spain
59.7
Italy
54.8
Czech Republic
148.6
Greece
63.4
Estonia
171.3
Brunei Darussalam
108.6
Cyprus
86.7
Qatar
97.5
Andorra
..

2013
0.5
3.3
-1.2
0.5
3.8
1.4
21.5
1.8
3.9
-0.3
21.4
28.0
..
-0.9
1.8
3.1
0.9
4.1
50.0
0.1
-0.6
0.2
3.6
-2.0
-0.9
3.2
0.6
2.4
1.2
3.9
5.6
2.8
-0.4
..

Private
capital
flows

(% of GDP)
b

2013
11.5
-6.8
12.6
-0.1
7.6
6.7
19.3
0.7
-2.0
0.8
3.4
21.1
..
-3.3
-3.9
8.5
1.9
0.2
-168.9
-2.7
-10.0
-3.6
0.0
0.7
-9.6
-5.8
-0.2
-3.1
1.7
0.3
-1.0
-71.9
11.4
..

35
36
37
37
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
50
52
52
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
60
62
63
64
64
66
67
67
69
69
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80

Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Malta
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
United Arab Emirates
Chile
Portugal
Hungary
Bahrain
Latvia
Croatia
Kuwait
Montenegro
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Belarus
Russian Federation
Oman
Romania
Uruguay
Bahamas
Kazakhstan
Barbados
Antigua and Barbuda
Bulgaria
Palau
Panama
Malaysia
Mauritius
Seychelles
Trinidad and Tobago
Serbia
Cuba
Lebanon
Costa Rica
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republ
Turkey
Sri Lanka
Mexico
Brazil
Georgia
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Azerbaijan
Grenada
Jordan

181.4
90.3
155.7
182.5
82.4
29.3
176.1
65.5
77.5
169.9
122.2
121.5
85.4
98.1
103.9

2.2
-0.9
1.6
-19.4
1.2
1.9
2.6
7.3
3.5
-3.2
3.0
2.8
1.0
1.0
10.1

-10.8
0.0
3.1
52.7
0.3
-1.7
..
-5.2
-0.2
-2.4
-10.4
-0.6
-5.7
20.5
-11.0

125.2
50.9
98.6
84.5
51.3
97.7
64.9
96.8
103.5
137.4
137.2
154.8
154.1
120.8
164.0
103.2
92.7
39.1
138.7
73.9
53.7
50.4
57.9
54.5
64.2
27.6
102.3
87.7
75.6
75.8
113.8

3.1
3.4
2.0
2.2
5.0
4.5
4.2
12.2
11.2
3.5
2.3
11.8
3.7
2.2
12.3
7.0
4.3
..
6.8
6.5
0.8
1.6
1.6
1.4
3.3
3.6
5.9
14.5
3.6
8.9
5.3

-2.7
1.3
-0.6
-6.0
-10.0
-4.1
-0.8
-9.6
-11.6
-2.0
..
-11.1
0.7
-34.1
-11.8
..
-9.2
..
-6.5
-9.7
..
-1.2
-4.1
-4.4
-6.0
-4.1
-4.9
-14.0
-2.5
-10.6
-10.0

81
81
83
84
85
85
85
88
89
90
90
90
93
94
94
96
97
97
99
100
101
101
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
110
112
113
114
115
116
116
116
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126

The former Yugoslav Republ

126.7
Ukraine
102.2
Algeria
63.4
Peru
48.4
Albania
87.9
Armenia
75.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina
85.0
Ecuador
60.8
Saint Lucia
97.2
China
50.3
Fiji
136.4
Mongolia
112.2
Thailand
143.8
Dominica
81.0
Libya
94.8
Tunisia
103.1
Colombia
38.0
Saint Vincent and the Grena
87.2
Jamaica
83.4
Tonga
80.5
Belize
127.2
Dominican Republic
56.8
Suriname
75.6
Maldives
223.6
Samoa
80.9
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Botswana
115.0
Moldova (Republic of)
125.3
Egypt
42.3
Turkmenistan
117.7
Gabon
93.6
Indonesia
49.5
Paraguay
94.1
Palestine, State of
72.4
Uzbekistan
59.3
Philippines
59.9
El Salvador
72.2
South Africa
64.2
Viet Nam
163.7
Bolivia (Plurinational State of
81.4
Kyrgyzstan
143.1
Iraq
66.7
Cabo Verde
87.2
Micronesia (Federated States
..
Guyana
203.8
Nicaragua
92.6
Morocco
80.5

4.1
2.5
0.8
4.6
9.7
3.5
1.8
0.8
6.3
3.8
4.1
18.7
3.3
3.5
0.9
2.3
4.3
17.9
4.6
2.5
5.5
2.6
2.6
15.7
3.0

-1.6
-7.3
-1.0
-7.1
-8.3
-10.0
-1.1
0.2
-13.3
-2.7
-14.1
-17.0
0.4
-0.3
3.5
-2.4
-4.1
-19.9
-5.5
..
-4.5
-6.1
-2.6
-13.4
-2.8

1.3
3.1
2.0
7.3
4.4
2.7
1.2
1.6
1.9
1.3
0.8
2.2
5.2
5.7
10.5
1.2
2.2
0.6
6.7
7.5
3.2

7.1
-2.7
-0.2
..
-2.0
-2.7
-3.0
-1.2
..
-0.3
-0.7
-2.5
-4.9
-4.3
-10.6
1.3
-1.4
..
-7.0
-7.9
-3.0

126
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
134
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
143
145
145
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
156
158
159
160
161
162
163
163
163
166
167
168
169
170
171
172

Namibia
Guatemala
Tajikistan
India
Honduras
Bhutan
Timor-Leste
Syrian Arab Republic
Vanuatu
Congo
Kiribati
Equatorial Guinea
Zambia
Ghana
Lao People's Democratic Re
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Sao Tome and Principe
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Kenya
Nepal
Pakistan
Myanmar
Angola
Swaziland
Tanzania (United Republic of
Nigeria
Cameroon
Madagascar
Zimbabwe
Mauritania
Solomon Islands
Papua New Guinea
Comoros
Yemen
Lesotho
Togo
Haiti
Rwanda
Uganda
Benin
Sudan
Djibouti
South Sudan
Senegal
Afghanistan
Cte d'Ivoire

104.1
58.6
87.5
53.3
117.5
103.7
136.7
76.5
99.1
142.6
121.0
156.8
81.6
89.4
83.4
46.3
139.5
58.3

6.9
2.5
1.3
1.5
5.8
2.8
1.6
3.1
4.0
14.5
5.3
12.3
6.8
6.7
3.8
1.0
8.8
3.4

-3.0
-3.2
-1.0
-1.8
-11.0
..
178.6
..
-2.0
-31.4
4.0
..
-6.4
-8.1
-3.9
-0.9
-8.4
-1.4

50.9
48.2
33.1
..
96.5
114.6
49.5
31.0
49.6
73.1
86.4
133.7
119.1
..
78.2
82.1
150.6
95.8
71.1
45.4
50.7
51.8
25.7
134.2
61.0
73.6
55.4
91.0

0.9
0.4
0.6
..
-5.7
0.6
4.3
1.1
1.1
7.9
3.0
27.1
4.1
0.1
2.3
-0.4
1.9
1.9
2.2
1.5
4.8
3.9
3.3
19.6
..
2.0
0.3
1.2

-0.5
..
-0.5
..
10.7
-0.3
-5.7
-4.5
-2.1
..
..
..
-4.0
-4.0
-1.6
0.8
-1.1
-0.8
..
-1.5
-5.5
-0.9
-3.3
..
..
-8.1
0.0
-3.1

173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188

Malawi
110.5
Ethiopia
41.5
Gambia
87.8
Congo (Democratic Republic
74.7
Liberia
121.9
Guinea-Bissau
..
Mali
69.0
Mozambique
70.5
Sierra Leone
107.5
Guinea
83.1
Burkina Faso
57.1
Burundi
41.6
Chad
69.6
Eritrea
37.5
Central African Republic
33.4
Niger
64.7
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's
..
Marshall Islands
..
Monaco
..
Nauru
..
San Marino
..
Somalia
..
Tuvalu
..

3.2
2.0
2.8
5.2
35.9
1.5
3.7
42.8
3.5
2.2
2.9
0.3
4.0
1.3
0.1
8.5

-1.9
..
..
-5.2
..
-1.1
-5.7
-44.3
-5.4
-10.6
1.8
..
..
..
..
-13.0

..
11.9
..
..
..
..
0.9

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

Human development groups

Very high human developme
High human development
Medium human developmen
Low human development

62.5
55.6
62.3
48.4

1.9
3.4
2.3
1.5

-0.1
-2.8
-2.0
-2.4

Developing countries

59.3

3.0

-2.6

Regions
Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and the Carib
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa

92.6
58.5
72.6
44.9
51.4
60.0

1.7
3.6
2.7
3.5
1.3
2.4

2.0
-2.4
-4.0
-4.3
-1.7
-3.4

Least developed countries

Small island developing st

66.8
72.4

2.7
3.8

-1.1
-6.7

Organisation for Economi

57.0

1.7

-0.5

World

60.4

2.3

-0.9

Notes
a. A negative value refers to net official development assistance disbursed by donor countries.
b. Data refer to 2013 or the most recent year available.
c. Data are average annual projected for 2010-2015.
d. Includes Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands.
e. Includes Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Norfolk Island.
f. Includes Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla.
g. Includes Northern Cyprus.
h. Includes Sabah and Sarawak.
i. Includes Agalega, Rodrigues and Saint Brandon
j. Includes Kosovo.
k. Excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which have declared independence from Georgia.
l. Includes Nagorno-Karabakh.
m. Includes Transnistria.
n. Includes East Jerusalem. Refugees are not part of the foreign-born migrant stock in the State of Palest
Definitions

Exports and imports: The sum of exports and imports of goods and services, expressed as a percentag
domestic producers on foreign demand (exports) and of domestic consumers and producers on foreign su
Foreign direct investment, net inflows: Sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term
Private capital flows: Net foreign direct investment and portfolio investment, expressed as a percentage

Net official development assistance received: Disbursements of loans made on concessional terms (n
Development Assistance Committee list of aid recipients, expressed as a percentage of the recipient coun
Remittances, inflows: Earnings and material resources transferred by international migrants or refugees
Net migration rate: Ratio of the difference between the number of in-migrants and out-migrants from a c

Stock of immigrants: Ratio of the stock of immigrants into a country, expressed as a percentage of the c
foreign people (according to citizenship) or a combination of the two.

International student mobility: Total number of tertiary students from abroad (inbound students) studyin
expressed as a percentage of total tertiary enrolment in that country.
International inbound tourists: Arrivals of nonresident visitors (overnight visitors, tourists, same-day vis
Internet users: People with access to the worldwide network.
Mobile phone subscriptions: Number of subscriptions for the mobile phone service expressed per 100
Main data sources
Columns 1, 2, 4, 5 and 9: World Bank (2015b).
Columns 3: HDRO calculations based on data from World Bank (2015b).
Columns 6 and 7: UNDESA (2013b).
Column 8: UNESCO Institute of Statistics (2015).
Columns 10 and 11: ITU (2015)
Column 12: HDRO calculations based on data from ITU (2015).

Financial flows

Human mobility

Net official
development
assistance
received

(% of GNI)

2013
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

Remittances,
inflows

Net migration
rate

Stock of
immigrants

International
student
mobility

(% of GDP)

(per 1,000
people)

(% of
population)

(% of total
tertiary enrolment
)

2013

2013

2013
0.15
0.16
0.46
0.43
0.18
0.42
0.31
0.04
0.07
0.25
..
0.13
..
0.20
0.06
1.15
0.49
0.26
3.02
0.05
2.12
0.83
0.66
0.40
1.43
0.69
0.35
1.09
0.33
1.72
..
0.38
0.28
..

2010/2015
6.0
6.5
8.0
2.7
0.6
1.3
2.2
3.1
6.3
3.3
15.0
4.2
..
4.2
2.9
3.3
1.2
-2.0
9.7
0.6
2.7
2.0
3.5
1.8
2.1
2.6
3.0
3.8
0.9
0.0
0.8
6.2
48.8
..

13.8
27.7
28.9
9.9
11.7
11.9
15.9
14.3
20.7
25.1
42.9
38.9
33.1
15.9
12.4
10.4
2.5
26.5
43.3
1.9
10.4
11.6
15.7
5.4
11.3
13.8
9.4
4.0
8.9
16.3
49.3
18.2
73.8
56.9

d
e

-3.4
17.1
12.6
8.3
5.4
2.8
-3.9
3.6
..
14.0
10.3
-1.7
-16.8
1.8
16.3
-8.2
-1.7
-2.6
-85.9
3.0
6.6
6.6
13.1
4.4
-0.1
1.4
1.6
6.5
-0.8
-3.5
-38.3
-61.0
16.6
-182.3

..
..
..
..
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
0.3
..
2.8

2.12
1.33
4.48
0.35
0.04
0.09
..
0.00
1.92
3.24
..
2.46
2.59
0.00
9.59

0.6
-0.2
-1.9
2.1
2.1
-0.5
11.4
0.3
1.9
1.5
3.4
-1.0
-0.9
18.3
-0.8

2.7
1.7
4.9
8.0
31.4
4.5
83.7
2.3
8.4
4.7
54.7
13.8
17.6
60.2
8.2

-10.9
0.2
-5.0
-6.3
-0.8
..
38.2
-0.5
1.4
3.4
-4.7
-2.9
-5.2
..
..

0.2
..
0.0
..
0.1
..
0.0
0.4
0.1
..
14.8
0.0
0.0
1.2
1.8
0.0
1.8
0.1
1.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.0
0.1
4.1
3.9
-0.1
1.2
4.2

1.69
0.32
0.05
1.86
0.22
..
0.09
1.85
1.76
3.06
..
1.06
0.45
0.00
0.89
0.53
8.84
..
17.73
1.20
0.25
0.03
0.14
9.56
1.83
0.11
12.05
6.73
2.36
3.55
10.82

-0.2
1.5
59.2
-0.4
-1.8
5.2
0.0
1.4
-0.1
-1.4
..
1.5
3.1
0.0
-3.4
-2.2
-2.1
-2.5
21.3
2.7
-0.8
0.3
0.9
-3.0
-2.0
-0.2
-5.8
..
0.0
-8.1
11.3

11.6
7.7
30.6
0.9
2.2
16.3
21.1
11.3
31.9
1.2
26.7
4.1
8.3
3.6
13.0
2.4
5.6
0.1
17.6
8.6
3.4
3.9
2.5
1.5
0.9
0.3
4.4
10.5
3.4
10.7
40.2

-4.0
1.2
-11.8
-1.4
..
..
-5.1
3.9
-19.0
-4.6
..
..
-0.2
-11.6
-198.3
-27.8
-1.2
4.1
6.9
-0.1
-1.0
-0.5
0.2
-5.1
-0.6
-0.2
-5.8
-57.9
-6.6
54.1
3.7

h
i

2.5
0.4
0.1
0.2
2.3
2.7
3.0
0.2
1.9
0.0
2.4
4.0
0.0
4.0
0.1
1.6
0.2
1.1
0.5
16.8
3.3
0.3
0.6
1.2
15.3

3.69
5.45
0.10
1.34
8.46
21.01
10.80
2.60
2.26
0.42
5.28
2.22
1.47
4.56
0.03
4.87
1.09
4.45
15.05
23.80
4.58
7.33
0.13
0.14
19.71

-0.5
-0.2
-0.3
-2.0
-3.2
-3.4
-0.3
-0.4
0.0
-0.2
-6.6
-1.1
0.3
..
-7.7
-0.6
-0.5
-9.1
-5.8
-15.4
4.6
-2.7
-1.9
0.0
-13.4

6.6
11.4
0.7
0.3
3.1
10.6
0.6
2.3
6.7
0.1
2.6
0.6
5.6
8.9
12.2
0.3
0.3
9.4
1.3
5.2
15.3
3.9
7.7
24.4
3.0

0.7
4.2
2.1
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.5
19.1
0.5
0.1
0.7
0.4
2.5
2.4
7.7
0.7
13.4
41.7
3.4
4.5
1.9

0.24
24.91
7.32
..
0.13
0.88
2.04
18.29
..
9.81
16.37
0.27
6.35
3.93
31.52
0.13
9.34
6.97
10.98
9.61
6.63

2.0
-5.9
-0.5
-1.0
0.6
-0.6
-1.2
-2.0
-1.4
-1.4
-7.1
-0.4
-0.4
-2.4
-6.3
2.7
-6.9
-15.7
-8.2
-4.0
-2.7

7.2
11.2
0.4
4.3
23.6
0.1
2.7
5.9
4.4
0.2
0.7
4.5
0.1
1.4
4.1
0.3
3.0
2.5
1.8
0.7
0.2

-5.2
0.5
-1.1
..
-12.1
-2.6
-3.2
-1.3
-31.5
-1.8
20.1
-3.9
-0.2
..
..
-3.2
..
..
..
..
..
2.7
..
-1,678.1
..

-5.4
-12.3
1.0
..
-38.3
-0.5
..
-9.8
-8.3
-0.2
-1.3
3.6
-2.2
..
1.9
-0.2
-34.5
..
-16.9
..
-7.7

2.0
0.9
4.5
0.1
3.6
8.1
6.0
0.2
11.4
1.4
25.5
0.1
4.4
2.8
4.0
1.6
5.6
16.8

0.09
9.98
47.50
3.73
16.91
0.66
9.44
2.55
2.86
0.18
7.30
..
0.20
0.25
0.53
9.24
1.15
8.53

-0.3
-1.0
-2.5
-0.4
-1.2
2.7
-13.3
-13.7
0.0
-2.1
-2.0
5.3
-0.6
-0.8
-2.2
-2.6
-2.3
-1.6

2.2
0.5
3.4
0.4
0.3
6.7
1.0
6.4
1.2
9.7
2.6
1.3
0.7
1.4
0.3
0.9
0.5
3.3

-32.7
..
-4.2
-0.6
-0.9
-29.9
..
..
..
-20.9
..
..
..
0.5
-3.4
-1.1
-2.7
..

5.9
4.5
0.9
..
0.3
3.4
7.9
0.5
2.5
4.9
6.5
7.5
30.0
4.5
13.3
2.9
11.2
6.0
13.7
14.6
7.0
7.9
1.8
9.6
13.4
6.7
25.7
4.2

2.41
28.77
6.30
..
0.00
0.79
0.14
4.46
0.83
0.22
..
..
1.51
0.09
20.02
9.30
19.81
10.61
21.05
2.26
3.77
2.75
0.64
2.45
..
11.18
2.65
1.50

-0.2
-2.9
-1.8
-0.4
0.6
-1.0
-0.6
-0.4
-0.5
0.0
5.7
-1.0
-4.3
0.0
-2.8
-1.1
-1.9
-0.3
-3.4
-0.8
-0.8
-0.2
-4.3
-3.7
15.7
-1.4
-2.6
0.5

2.2
3.5
2.2
0.2
0.4
2.0
0.6
0.7
1.3
0.1
2.6
2.3
1.4
0.3
1.7
1.3
0.1
3.0
0.4
3.8
1.4
2.3
1.2
14.2
5.6
1.5
0.3
12.0

..
-7.6
-5.3
-1.0
..
-32.8
-9.3
..
-8.0
-2.6
-16.7
-23.0
..
..
-70.5
-0.8
-11.7
-9.4
..
-5.7
7.2
4.3
..
-39.3
..
..
-5.8
0.2

31.5
8.1
12.7
8.6
30.5
10.8
13.5
14.9
9.8
8.8
8.1
20.1
3.1
2.5
12.3
10.7

0.67
1.44
15.45
0.10
19.65
4.76
7.36
1.39
1.63
1.51
1.34
1.79
..
..
..
2.30

0.0
-0.1
-1.5
-0.2
-0.9
-1.2
-4.0
-0.2
-0.7
-0.2
-1.5
-0.4
-1.9
1.8
0.4
-0.3

1.3
0.8
8.8
0.7
5.3
1.1
1.3
0.8
1.6
3.2
4.1
2.5
3.4
0.2
2.9
0.7

-20.1
..
..
-0.1
..
..
-5.3
-1.1
..
-5.1
-2.0
-3.5
-11.9
..
6.2
-5.1

..
41.4
..
..
..
..
48.3

..
11.93
..
..
..
..
10.59

0.0
..
..
..
..
-2.9
..

0.2
3.2
64.2
20.6
15.4
0.2
1.5

..
-18.0
..
..
..
..
..

..
0.1
0.6
3.5

0.28
0.76
3.92
4.10

2.6
-0.1
-0.9
-0.7

12.6
1.8
0.7
1.6

3.6
-1.1
-0.7
-4.2

0.4

1.50

-0.5

1.6

-1.2

0.9
0.1
0.6
0.2
0.5
3.0

2.06
0.82
2.26
1.03
4.09
2.18

0.4
-0.3
-0.6
-1.0
-0.9
-0.1

8.3
0.4
6.7
1.3
0.9
1.8

-0.8
-1.5
-1.3
-0.2
-1.2
-2.1

5.6
1.9

4.42
6.11

-1.1
-2.8

1.2
1.9

-2.3
-7.8

..

0.31

1.9

9.6

3.4

0.4

0.71

0.0

3.2

0.3

donor countries.

from Georgia.

stock in the State of Palestine.

, expressed as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP). It is a basic indicator of openness to foreign trade and economi
and producers on foreign supply (imports), relative to the countrys economic size (GDP).
of earnings, other long-term capital and short-term capital, expressed as a percentage of GDP.
expressed as a percentage of GDP.

e on concessional terms (net of repayments of principal) and grants by official agencies to promote economic development and
entage of the recipient countrys GNI.
ational migrants or refugees to recipients in their country of origin or countries in which the migrant formerly resided.
s and out-migrants from a country to the average population, expressed per 1,000 people.

ed as a percentage of the country's population. The definition of immigrant varies across countries but generally includes the st

d (inbound students) studying in a given country minus the number of students at the same level of education from that country

tors, tourists, same-day visitors and excursionists) at national borders.

service expressed per 100 people.

Communication
International
inbound
tourists

Internet
users

(thousands)

(% of
population)

(per 100
people)

(% change)

2014

2014

20092014

96.3
84.6
87.0
96.0
93.2
86.2
79.7
87.4
87.1
85.5
82.0
74.6
95.2
92.5
91.6
98.2
84.3
71.5
94.7
90.6
85.0
83.8
81.0
92.4
71.6
76.2
62.0
79.7
63.2
84.2
68.8
69.3
91.5
95.9

116.5
131.2
140.5
126.0
116.4
120.4
104.3
98.4
83.0
112.1
158.1
239.3
104.3
127.8
123.6
111.1
115.5
121.5
148.4
120.2
114.3
100.4
151.9
139.7
112.1
107.9
154.3
130.0
115.0
160.7
110.1
96.3
145.8
82.6

5.2
30.3
16.7
1.8
-4.3
-4.6
-2.3
11.0
17.6
3.1
14.0
33.1
6.9
14.0
-0.3
2.6
16.1
-2.1
2.7
31.7
5.4
9.0
11.2
-3.1
9.1
-3.3
3.2
4.4
-4.0
33.3
5.1
7.5
17.0
0.7

2013
4,963
6,382
8,967
8,557
12,800
31,500
8,260
69,800
16,600
2,629
11,900
25,700
52
5,229
31,200
800
12,200
2,962
945
10,400
7,684
84,700
24,800
4,226
2,259
60,700
47,700
9,004
17,900
2,868
225
2,405
2,611
2,335

Mobile phone
subscriptions

6,235
15,800
2,012
1,582
13,400
5,571
7,126
3,576
8,097
10,700
9,163
1,536
11,000
300
1,324

80.0
66.6
72.1
73.2
63.7
64.7
90.4
72.4
64.6
76.1
91.0
75.8
68.6
78.7
61.0

116.9
156.5
147.0
127.0
179.6
158.7
178.1
133.3
111.8
118.1
173.3
124.2
104.4
218.4
163.0

15.4
33.4
-8.1
27.2
7.3
21.1
28.8
37.6
0.3
0.4
47.3
13.9
-2.8
137.8
-22.0

137
30,800
1,551
8,019
2,683
1,364
4,926
509
244
6,898
105
1,658
25,700
993
230
434
922
2,829
1,274
2,428
4,769
986
37,800
1,275
24,200
5,813
5,392
107
2,130
116
3,945

59.0
70.5
70.2
54.1
61.5
76.9
54.9
76.7
64.0
55.5
..
44.9
67.5
41.4
54.3
65.1
53.5
30.0
74.7
49.4
39.4
57.0
51.0
25.8
44.4
57.6
48.9
65.4
61.0
37.4
44.0

122.5
155.1
157.8
105.9
160.8
71.4
168.6
106.8
120.0
137.7
90.6
158.1
148.8
132.3
162.2
147.3
122.1
22.5
88.4
143.8
87.8
99.0
94.8
103.2
82.5
139.0
124.9
139.8
110.9
126.5
147.8

20.5
-3.1
5.8
-7.5
31.4
-29.4
55.6
-11.6
-23.2
-1.9
44.6
-5.8
37.2
49.3
32.8
5.5
-1.8
308.5
57.0
239.3
22.9
0.6
7.6
30.3
15.5
58.7
93.8
-4.2
28.5
15.3
51.9

400
24,700
2,634
3,164
2,857
1,084
529
1,364
319
55,700
658
418
26,500
78
34
6,269
2,288
72
2,008
45
294
4,690
249
1,125
116

68.1
43.4
18.1
40.2
60.1
46.3
60.8
43.0
51.0
49.3
41.8
27.0
34.9
62.9
17.8
46.2
52.6
56.5
40.5
40.0
38.7
49.6
40.1
49.3
21.2

109.1
144.1
93.3
102.9
105.5
115.9
91.3
103.9
102.6
92.3
98.8
105.1
144.4
127.5
161.1
128.5
113.1
105.2
102.9
64.3
50.7
78.9
170.6
189.4
55.5

17.9
21.3
3.7
20.6
34.9
57.0
8.0
15.8
-5.3
66.9
31.6
24.8
45.2
-8.1
0.8
37.9
22.9
-5.1
-5.0
25.6
-5.6
-9.7
16.2
32.3
..

2,145
12
9,174
8
269
8,802
610
545
1,969
4,681
1,283
9,537
7,572
798
3,076
892
503
42
177
1,229
10,000

18.5
46.6
31.7
12.2
9.8
17.1
43.0
53.7
43.6
39.7
29.7
49.0
48.3
39.0
28.3
11.3
40.3
..
37.4
17.6
56.8

167.3
108.0
114.3
135.8
210.4
126.2
105.6
72.1
73.8
111.2
144.0
149.7
147.1
96.3
134.5
94.9
121.8
..
70.5
114.6
131.7

74.2
82.2
58.6
217.0
120.4
83.1
19.3
56.7
23.1
35.2
17.7
64.0
32.1
48.9
57.8
42.3
103.6
..
12.8
96.7
62.8

1,176
1,331
208
6,968
863
116
58
5,070
110
297
6
0
915
931
2,510
148
4,210
12

14.8
23.4
17.5
18.0
19.1
34.4
1.1
28.1
18.8
..
12.3
18.9
17.3
18.9
14.3
9.6
9.0
24.4

113.8
106.6
95.1
74.5
93.5
82.1
58.7
71.0
60.4
..
17.4
66.4
67.3
114.8
67.0
75.9
155.1
64.9

49.5
-13.8
44.6
68.8
-16.8
70.6
78.1
48.9
5.9
..
69.2
124.7
96.0
80.0
29.8
121.0
250.0
39.2

1,434
798
966
2,044
650
968
1,063
600
912
196
1,833
0
24
174
19
990
433
327
295
864
1,206
231
591
63
0
1,063
..
289

43.4
15.4
13.8
2.1
21.3
27.1
4.9
42.7
11.0
3.7
19.9
10.7
9.0
9.4
7.0
22.6
11.0
5.7
11.4
10.6
17.7
5.3
24.6
10.7
15.9
17.7
6.4
14.6

73.8
82.5
73.3
49.5
63.5
72.3
62.8
77.8
75.7
38.2
80.8
94.2
65.8
44.9
50.9
68.5
101.9
69.0
64.7
64.0
52.4
101.7
72.2
32.4
24.5
98.8
74.9
106.3

51.9
291.2
32.2
..
48.2
27.8
56.8
62.3
90.1
24.7
161.0
51.8
577.2
112.5
176.6
83.1
206.8
93.7
73.2
177.5
83.6
86.7
99.9
106.7
..
80.3
97.6
49.9

770
681
171
191
0
30
142
1,886
81
56
218
142
100
107
71
123

5.8
2.9
15.6
3.0
5.4
3.3
7.0
5.9
2.1
1.7
9.4
1.4
2.5
1.0
4.0
2.0

30.5
31.6
119.6
53.5
73.4
63.5
149.0
69.7
76.7
72.1
71.7
30.5
39.8
6.4
31.4
44.4

78.8
561.5
48.4
242.1
158.3
75.7
353.0
172.6
272.8
118.9
183.2
195.3
98.1
151.5
54.9
161.7

0
5
328
..
70
0
1

0.0
16.8
92.4
..
..
1.6
..

11.2
29.4
88.5
..
118.9
50.9
38.4

..
..
39.7
..
21.8
644.9
276.7

638,685
317,832
88,252
22,802

82.5
49.8
21.9
16.0

119.8
104.6
91.5
65.6

15.7
26.2
72.1
140.6

428,877

31.9

91.2

65.5

75,632
139,481
87,474
73,630
16,165
33,865

34.8
42.1
47.4
50.0
17.6
19.3

109.4
100.5
113.0
114.9
75.6
71.1

59.6
91.3
45.4
24.0
77.1
111.5

23,829
17,532

8.6
28.2

63.1
64.8

157.5
44.0

602,443

78.1

110.4

9.7

1,067,976

40.5

96.2

50.0

s to foreign trade and economic integration and indicates the dependence of

ote economic development and welfare in countries and territories on the

nt formerly resided.

es but generally includes the stock of foreign-born people, the stock of

of education from that country studying abroad (outbound students),

Table 1A: Work with exploitation, risks and insecurities

Work that is a risk to human developme

HDI rank

1
2
3
4
5
6
6
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

Country

Child labour

Domestic workers

(% ages 514)

(% of total employment)
Female
Male

20052013
VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Norway
..
Australia
..
Switzerland
..
Denmark
..
Netherlands
..
Germany
..
Ireland
..
United States
..
Canada
..
New Zealand
..
Singapore
..
Hong Kong, China (SAR)
..
Liechtenstein
..
Sweden
..
United Kingdom
..
Iceland
..
Korea (Republic of)
..
Israel
..
Luxembourg
..
Japan
..
Belgium
..
France
..
Austria
..
Finland
..
Slovenia
..
Spain
..
Italy
..
Czech Republic
..
Greece
..
Estonia
..
Brunei Darussalam
..
Cyprus
..

20002010
0.1
0.1
2.8
0.3
0.1
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.2
..
..
..
..
0.6
..
1.5
3.5
..
0.1
1.9
4.1
0.5
0.3
0.1
8.4
4.0
0.1
4.8
..
28.8
9.7

20002010
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
..
..
..
..
0.3
..
0.1
0.3
..
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.1
..
1.9
0.1

32
34
35
36
37
37
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
50
52
52
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
60
62
63
64
64
66
67
67
69
69
71
72
73
74
75
76

Qatar
Andorra
Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Malta
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
United Arab Emirates
Chile
Portugal
Hungary
Bahrain
Latvia
Croatia
Kuwait
Montenegro
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Belarus
Russian Federation
Oman
Romania
Uruguay
Bahamas
Kazakhstan
Barbados
Antigua and Barbuda
Bulgaria
Palau
Panama
Malaysia
Mauritius
Seychelles
Trinidad and Tobago
Serbia
Cuba
Lebanon
Costa Rica
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Turkey
Sri Lanka
Mexico
Brazil
Georgia

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.4
..
6.6
3.4
..
4.6
..
..
..
9.9
1.4
..
..
0.9
7.9
..
2.2
..
..
..
..
5.6
..
..
..
0.7
4.4
..
1.9
4.1
11.4
7.7
5.9
..
6.3
8.3
18.4

e
e,f

f
e

e
f
e

e
e

38.9
..
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.2
47.1
18.3
42.4
14.3
7.2
0.1
42.2
..
0.6
53.3
0.1

2.8
..
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
3.9
0.3
6.0
2.0
0.1
0.1
5.8
..
0.1
11.3
0.1

..
0.1
59.3
0.5
18.5
6.4
0.4
..
6.3
..
..
13.8
5.9
8.1
..
..
0.5
..
..
17.3
0.4
14.4
2.1
2.5
10.3
17.0
1.2

..
0.1
2.8
0.2
1.4
3.0
0.1
..
1.4
..
..
1.0
0.4
0.6
..
..
0.1
..
..
1.1
0.1
0.9
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.9
0.2

77
78
79
80
81
81
83
84
85
85
85
88
89
90
90
90
93
94
94
96
97
97
99
100
101
101
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
110
112
113
114
115
116
116
116
119
120

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Azerbaijan
Grenada
Jordan
The former Yugoslav Republic of M
Ukraine
Algeria
Peru
Albania
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ecuador
Saint Lucia
China
Fiji
Mongolia
Thailand
Dominica
Libya
Tunisia
Colombia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Jamaica
Tonga
Belize
Dominican Republic
Suriname
Maldives
Samoa
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Botswana
Moldova (Republic of)
Egypt
Turkmenistan
Gabon
Indonesia
Paraguay
Palestine, State of
Uzbekistan
Philippines
El Salvador
South Africa
Viet Nam
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Kyrgyzstan

..
6.5
..
1.6
12.5
2.4
4.7
33.5
5.1
3.9
5.3
8.6
3.9
..
..
10.4
8.3
..
..
2.1
9.7
..
3.3
..
5.8
12.9
4.1
..
..
9.0
16.3
9.3
..
13.4
6.9
27.6
5.7
..
11.1
8.5
..
6.9
26.4
3.6

e
e
e

e
e

e
e

..
2.0
..
2.2
0.3
..
1.2
6.7
..
0.6
..
..
7.0
..
..
1.1
1.2
..
..
..
13.0
..
10.2
2.4
12.8
14.4
..
..
3.1

..
1.5
..
0.2
0.1
..
0.3
0.3
..
0.2
..
..
0.9
..
..
1.2
0.1
..
..
..
0.6
..
1.5
1.3
2.3
0.8
..
..
0.8

7.0
0.6
0.3
..
..
4.4
..
0.2
..
11.5
10.2
15.5
0.9
7.4
0.7

2.6
0.1
0.3
..
..
0.9
..
0.1
..
1.4
0.7
3.5
0.1
0.2
0.7

121
122
123
124
125
126
126
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
134
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
143
145
145
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
156
158
159
160
161
162
163

Iraq
Cabo Verde
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Guyana
Nicaragua
Morocco
Namibia
Guatemala
Tajikistan
India
Honduras
Bhutan
Timor-Leste
Syrian Arab Republic
Vanuatu
Congo
Kiribati
Equatorial Guinea
Zambia
Ghana
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Sao Tome and Principe
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Kenya
Nepal
Pakistan
Myanmar
Angola
Swaziland
Tanzania (United Republic of)
Nigeria
Cameroon
Madagascar
Zimbabwe
Mauritania
Solomon Islands
Papua New Guinea
Comoros
Yemen
Lesotho
Togo
Haiti

4.7
6.4
..
16.4
14.9
8.3
..
25.8
10.0
11.8
14.0
2.9
4.2
4.0
..
18.4
..
27.8
40.6
33.9
10.1
12.8
18.3
7.5
25.9
33.9
..
..
23.5
7.3
21.1
24.7
41.7
22.9
..
14.6
..
..
22.0
22.7
22.9
28.3
24.4

f
e

f
e

0.2
..
..
7.1
12.1
..
19.4
8.8
0.1
2.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.3
..
2.3
0.8
3.3
0.6
0.3
1.2
..
..
..
1.2
0.6
..
..
3.6
..
5.6
..
..
2.5
8.1
..
..

0.1
..
..
0.8
1.7
..
4.2
0.3
0.2
0.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.4
..
0.2
0.9
0.1
0.7
0.3
0.3
..
..
..
0.3
0.4
..
..
1.2
..
0.2
..
..
0.4
1.3
..
..

163
163
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188

Rwanda
28.5
Uganda
16.3
Benin
15.3
Sudan
..
Djibouti
7.7
South Sudan
..
Senegal
14.5
Afghanistan
10.3
Cte d'Ivoire
26.4
Malawi
25.7
Ethiopia
27.4
Gambia
19.2
Congo (Democratic Republic of the)
15.0
Liberia
20.8
Guinea-Bissau
38.0
Mali
21.4
Mozambique
22.2
Sierra Leone
26.0
Guinea
28.3
Burkina Faso
39.2
Burundi
26.3
Chad
26.1
Eritrea
..
Central African Republic
28.5
Niger
30.5
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of
..
Marshall Islands
..
Monaco
..
Nauru
..
San Marino
..
Somalia
49.0
Tuvalu
..

..
1.8
..
..
41.6
..
6.7
..
..
..
1.5
..
..
0.6
..
8.7
..
0.5
0.4
0.6
..
..
..
..
..

..
0.6
..
..
1.9
..
1.4
..
..
..
0.1
..
..
1.0
..
1.4
..
0.4
0.3
0.3
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

Human development groups

Very high human development
High human development
Medium human development
Low human development

..
8.3
11.6
23.8

4.3
..
..
..

0.4
..
..
..

Developing countries

14.5

..

..

Regions
Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific

10.5

..
..

..
..

..

Europe and Central Asia

Latin America and the Caribbean
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa

5.4
10.8
12.3
24.7

..
14.2

..
0.8

2.2
..

0.5
..

Least developed countries

Small island developing states

21.7
..

..
..

..
..

..

3.0

0.3

14.5

..

..

Organisation for Economic Co-op

World

Notes
a. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
b. Because statutory pension ages differ by country, cross-country comparisons should be made with cau
c. Less than 0.1
d. Refers to 2003.
e. Differs from standard definition or refers to only part of the country.
f. Refers to a year earlier than that specified.
g. Refers to 2002.
h. Refers to 2000.
i. Refers to 2004.
j. Refers to 2001.
k. Unweighted sum of the reported cases.
T. From original data source

DEFINITIONS
Child labour: Percentage of children ages 511 who, during the reference week, did at least one hour of
hours of economic activity or at least 28 hours of household chores.
Domestic workers: Percentage of the employed population that performs work in or for a household or h
Working poor at PPP $2 a day: Employed people who live on less than PPP $2 (in purchasing power pa
Low pay rate: Percentage of employees whose hourly earnings at all jobs were less than two-thirds of th
Nonfatal occupational injuries: Number of cccupational accidents that do not leading to death but that e
Fatal cccupational injuries: Number of occupational accidents that lead to death within one year.
Recipients of unemployment benefits: Percentage of unemployed people ages 1564 receiving unemp
Mandatory paid maternity leave: Number of days of paid time off work that a female employee is entitle
Old age pension recipients: People above the statutory pensionable age receiving an old age pension (
Main data sources
Column 1: UNICEF (2015).
Columns 2 and 3: ILO (2013).
Column 4: ILO (2015a).
Column 5: ILO (2012).
Columns 6 and 7: ILO (2015b).

Columns 8 and 10: ILO (2015c).

Column 9: World Bank (2015c).

k to human development

c
c

c
c

Occupational injuries

Working poor
at PPP $2 a
day

Low pay rate

Nonfatal

Fatal

(% of total
employment)

(% of total
employment)

(thousands)

(cases)

20032012
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

20012011
..
16.1
12.2
13.4
..
20.5
..
25.1
20.3
12.6
..
..
..
..
20.6
16.7
22.2
20.3
19.1
14.4
12.7
..
16.5
5.7
..
16.2
9.5
17.1
13.3
..
..
..

20052013
15.2
100.1
93.8
41.7
831.8
1,007.2
..
1,191.1
..
..
11.8
37.8
..
30.5
79.9
1.6
..
66.3
8.5
..
71.0
658.8
59.5
..
15.2
402.7
402.9
42.9
15.2
4.2
..
1.5

20052013
48
212
192
40
49
664
40
4,383
..
48
59
188
..
33
148
6
1,292
62
22
1,030
72
529
91
26
18
232
621
105
107
20
..
9

c
c

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.0
..
3.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.8

..
..
20.0
24.3
..
..
..
25.6
..
18.5
10.3
21.0
..
31.5
..
..
..

0.1
..
8.5
..
3.1
3.1
..
441.1
..
215.0
173.6
17.0
1.0
1.6
15.4
..
..

..
..
53
348
60
6
..
562
..
322
276
62
23
29
27
..
..

2.7
3.4
..
..
3.9
..
3.7
..
..
..
..
8.5
8.4
5.7
..
..
1.8
5.9
..
4.3
7.4
8.4
2.5
20.4
2.8
3.4
20.6

..
..
..
..
27.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
11.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
21.4
..
12.1
..
..
17.4
21.5
..

..
..
..
3.4
22.9
..
2.6
0.8
..
2.2
..
0.0
41.5
1.1
0.1
0.8
..
4.9
..
134.8
..
3.0
2.2
1.5
542.4
636.1
..

141
1,699
..
223
51
..
341
0
..
81
..
24
274
3
1
9
..
88
..
95
..
31
745
141
1,314
2,938
..

..
5.0
..
4.0
4.1
1.8
..
9.5
3.9
12.2
2.0
10.3
..
20.4
19.4
..
5.6
..
..
4.5
10.2
..
6.7
..
..
7.3
..
12.6
..

..
40.0
..
..
..
..
..
26.3
..
25.8
..
17.2
..
21.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
20.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
0.1
..
15.3
..
15.6
..
19.0
..
0.0
..
13.7
..
3.8
..
..
..
..
..
43.2
..
0.2
..
..
1.8
..
..
..
..

23.9
3.2
9.6
..
15.2
38.1
8.1
3.0
..
36.8
9.9
13.0
13.8
11.6
14.5

..
23.6
..
..
..
29.0
..
..
..
14.5
..
32.4
..
..
..

1.2
..
26.9
..
1.1
..
..
0.7
..
..
..
9.4
..
..
0.2

..
66
..
87
..
474
912
178
..
12
..
..
..
14,924
..
..
619
..
..
155
..
1
..
..
..
313
..
..
..
24
36
208
..
20
..
..
20
..
161
96
185
..
..
29

10.6
28.6
..
..
14.2
13.3
30.9
18.8
19.1
55.5
18.8
14.1
66.9
11.8
..
50.7
..
19.3
84.7
44.3
65.0
76.4
40.2
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
33.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
2.1
25.8
..
0.6
..
..
6.0
2.1
..
..
9.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
49.5
45.8
66.9
56.4
36.0
73.9
76.6
52.9
93.0
84.6
40.8
52.1
..
70.7
25.1
63.9
70.5
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
0.1
0.2
..
..
..
0.1
..
..
4.6
..
..
11.8
..
..
..
0.3
..

..
..
..
1
42
..
10
..
..
2,140
..
..
..
612
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
110
32
..
..
..
5
..
..
91
..
..
180
..
..
..
10
..

83.7
57.7
72.3
35.0
..
..
58.4
88.1
59.0
88.4
73.8
56.0
90.4
94.0
..
78.1
85.8
82.8
73.8
70.1
94.8
62.2
77.4
83.9
72.2

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

1.0
..
0.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.4
..
..
..
0.1
..

59.6
..
..
..
..
86.8
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
0.6
..
..

..
..
..
..
0
..
..

..
14.7
46.9
67.5

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

33.8

..

2,273.9

17.3

..
..

..
..

23.8

406
..
4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
8
..
..
..
9
..

29,292

..
..

3.8
5.6
54.9
70.5
71.7

26.4

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..

..
..

..
..

17.1

6098.6

13210

..

7691.9

42493

hould be made with caution.

did at least one hour of economic activity or at least 28 hours of household chores, or children ages 1214 who, during the refe

n or for a household or households.

in purchasing power parity terms) a day, expressed as a percentage of the total employed population ages 15 and older.
ess than two-thirds of the median hourly earning.
ading to death but that entail a loss of working time.
h within one year.
1564 receiving unemployment benefits (periodic and means-tested benefits).
male employee is entitled to in order to take care of a newborn child.
ng an old age pension (contributory, noncontributory or both), expressed as a percentage of the eligible population.

Security from employment

Mandatory
Unemployment
paid
Old age
benefits
maternity
pension
recepients
leave
recipients
(% of unemployed
ages 1564)

20082013
61.8
52.7
61.9
77.2
61.9
88.0
21.6
26.5
40.5
32.9
0.0
16.9
..
28.0
62.6
28.6
45.5
29.4
43.8
19.6
80.2
56.2
90.5
59.1
30.8
46.9
55.8
21.2
43.1
27.6
0.0
78.7

(days)

(% of statutory
pension age
population)

2014

20042012

..
..
98
126
112
98
182
..
105
98
112
70
..
..
273
90
90
98
..
98
105
112
112
147
105
112
150
196
119
140
..
..

100.0
83.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
90.5
92.5
97.7
98.0
0.0
72.9
..
100.0
99.5
100.0
77.6
73.6
90.0
80.3
84.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
95.1
68.2
81.1
100.0
77.4
98.0
81.7
85.2

a,b

0.0
11.1
11.2
16.8
21.5
..
0.0
4.9
0.0
29.9
42.1
31.4
7.9
19.5
20.0
0.0
..

..
..
238
182
126
..
70
90
45
126
..
168
..
112
208
70
45

7.9
..
100.0
96.5
100.0
60.5
..
90.7
..
74.5
100.0
91.4
40.1
100.0
57.6
27.3
52.3

46.1
20.6
0.0
..
27.9
25.7
0.5
..
0.0
25.6
..
0.0
0.0
1.2
5.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
..
7.7
0.0
0.0
8.0
0.0

126
140
42
126
84
..
126
..
..
410
..
98
60
84
..
..
135
..
49
120
90
182
112
84
84
120
126

93.6
100.0
24.7
98.0
68.2
84.2
95.9
68.3
69.7
96.9
48.0
37.3
19.8
100.0
100.0
98.7
46.1
..
0.0
55.8
26.4
59.4
88.1
17.1
25.2
86.3
89.8

0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
..
20.9
8.8
0.0
6.9
15.8
2.0
6.7
0.0
14.0
0.0
10.0
28.5
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.4
..
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.5
8.4
0.0
0.9

..
126
..
70
270
126
98
90
365
140
365
84
..
98
84
120
45
..
..
30
98
..
56
..
..
84
..
..
..

44.7
81.7
34.0
42.2
52.2
95.0
63.6
33.2
77.0
80.0
29.6
53.0
26.5
74.4
10.6
100.0
81.7
38.5
43.3
68.8
23.0
76.6
55.5
1.0
64.6
11.1
..
99.7
49.5

84
126
90
..
98
90
63
70
126
60
84
120
180
84
126

100.0
72.8
32.7
..
38.8
8.1
22.2
8.0
98.1
28.5
18.1
92.6
34.5
100.0
100.0

0.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

..
..
..
..
84
98
84
84
140
84
84
..
..
120
..
105
..
..
84
84
90
112
90
..

56.0
55.7
..
100.0
23.7
39.8
98.4
14.1
80.2
24.1
8.4
3.2
100.0
16.7
3.5
22.1
..
..
7.7
7.6
5.6
39.5
5.0
41.8

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

90
52
84
..
90
..
84
84
98
98
98
98
..
..
..
70
84
98
42

7.9
62.5
2.3
..
14.5
86.0
3.2
..
12.5
4.6
6.2
9.3
13.1
0.9
..
8.5
100.0
10.9
1.0

0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

84
60
98
56
..
..
98
..
98
56
90
..
98
90
..
98
60
84
98
98
84
98
..
..
98

4.7
6.6
9.7
4.6
12.0
..
23.5
10.7
7.7
4.1
9.0
10.8
15.0
..
6.2
5.7
17.3
0.9
8.8
3.2
4.0
1.6
..
..
6.1

0.0
0.0
..
0.0
..
0.0
0.0

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
64.2
..
56.5
..
..
19.5

43.4
6.0
1.7
0.0

123
125
98
85

89.4
73.9
27.7
9.8

2.5

99

51.0

1.7

70
..

35.7
65.3

1.6

84
90

86.1
60.8
23.9
21.9

0.9

..
..

19.7
28.0

38.7

131

87.1

12.2

109

65.0

6.2
5.3
0.0
2.3
0.0

161
92.1

r children ages 1214 who, during the reference week, did at least 14

oyed population ages 15 and older.

tage of the eligible population.

Table 4A: Time use

Country

Survey year

Total paid work

Female

Total unpaid work

Male

Female

(minutes per day)

Albania
Algeria
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Belgium
Benin
Benin
Benin
Bulgaria
Cambodia
Canada
Canada
China
Colombia
Costa Rica
Denmark
Ecuador
El Salvador
Estonia
Estonia
Ethiopia
Ethiopia
Ethiopia
Finland
Finland
Finland
Finland
France
France
France
Germany
Ghana

20102011
2012
2004
2006
20082009
2005
1999
1998
1998
1998
20092010
2004
2010
2005
2008
20122013
2004
2001
2012
2010
20092010
19992000
2013
2013
2013
2009
1999
1987
1979
2010
1999
1986
20012002
2009

Urban
Rural
Total

Urban
Rural
Total

117
30
101
128
160
94
96
240
308
284
137
270
180
186
263
151
122
147
150
192
161
167
177
206
200
162
183
197
187
126
120
196
134
230

b
b

257
198
291
248
264
155
167
237
285
268
190
390
255
282
360
311
352
211
306
346
197
234
318
296
301
202
267
269
258
199
207
347
222
288

Male

(minutes per day)

b
b

314
312
312
311
269
214
224
199
210
206
298
188
257
252
237
239
385
243
273
228
261
302
245
304
291
211
221
222
226
234
267
307
269
220

b
b

52
54
63
172
146
128
128
63
66
65
164
18
170
156
94
67
105
186
78
43
169
179
66
141
125
139
130
128
120
148
151
127
164
68

b
b

Greece
Hungary
India

20132014
19992000
19981999
Urban
Iran (Islamic RepublicWinter 2009
Urban
Iran (Islamic RepublicSummer 2009
Urban
Iran (Islamic RepublicAutumn 2008
Iran (Islamic RepublicAverage of three s Urban
2007 Governorat
Iraq
2007 Other urba
Iraq
2007 Rural
Iraq
2007 Total
Iraq
Ireland
2005
Italy
20082009
Italy
20022003
Italy
19881989
2011
Japan
2006
Japan
2001
Japan
Korea (Republic of)
2009
Korea (Republic of)
2004
Korea (Republic of)
1999
Kyrgyzstan
2010
Latvia
2003
Lithuania
2003
Madagascar
2001 Urban
Madagascar
2001 Rural
Madagascar
2001 Total
Mali
2008 Urban
Mali
2008 Rural
Mali
2008 Total
Mauritius
2003
Mexico
2009
Mexico
2002
Mongolia
2011
Morocco
20112012
Netherlands
20052006
New Zealand
20092010
New Zealand
19981999
Norway
2010
Norway
2000
Norway
1990

78
171
160
42
39
38
40
36
26
40
31
142
103
108
92
165
167
162
145
154
167
163
234
231
189
253
234
138
262
217
116
172
122
238
81
146
143
136
181
179
168

152
261
360
298
274
276
283
245
231
226
246
280
223
252
241
330
333
330
246
260
279
267
337
313
320
363
350
282
322
308
296
381
327
348
325
279
254
253
250
274
270

277
268
297
322
284
316
307
330
340
362
345
296
305
347
362
254
220
219
188
194
204
275
277
308
234
217
222
235
245
241
277
442
385
286
300
254
247
250
230
236
262

107
127
31
76
77
80
78
56
62
58
56
129
108
126
87
77
43
35
39
36
32
100
143
166
65
44
50
27
18
21
73
155
88
131
43
133
141
138
180
161
156

Norway
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palestine, State of
Palestine, State of
Panama
Peru
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Serbia
Slovenia
South Africa
South Africa
Spain
Spain
Sweden
Sweden
Tanzania (United Repu
Thailand
Thailand
Tunisia
Turkey
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
United States
United States
United States
United States
United States
United States
United States
United States
United States
United States
United States
Uruguay
Notes

1980
1970
20072008
2007
20122013
19992000
2011 Urban
2010
20032004
1999
20122013
20112012
20102011
20002001
2010
2000
20092010
20022003
20102011
20002001
2006
2009
2004
20052006
2006
2005
2000
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2013

143
116
58
78
36
32
201
183
136
178
120
100
129
169
129
116
128
119
201
180
205
268
281
108
68
145
140
166
176
177
176
171
179
188
181
180
178
173

280
329
187
322
249
307
359
361
234
298
229
163
227
236
214
190
205
243
245
265
276
360
372
298
267
233
248
252
250
254
245
256
271
271
272
266
265
274

286
355
274
287
293
301
301
339
295
302
199
264
301
286
229
216
263
280
240
254
212
188
174
326
371
232
261
252
249
249
252
258
259
263
263
262
268
268
309

146
133
115
28
55
54
128
136
157
77
110
125
148
166
98
83
126
101
194
183
73
55
49
54
88
131
153
163
156
165
167
166
162
169
164
163
165
168
133

a. Results are aggregated at the national level based on the distribution of the population between urban and rural a
b. Data are not based on a diary, so the total number of reported hours in the day is more than 24 hours because of
c. Results are aggregated at the national level based on the distribution of the population between urban and rural a
and leisure, 636 minutes for personal care and maintenance and 59 for other (including travel).
e. Calculated as the difference between the total number of minutes per day (1,440) and the total of minutes for unp
f. Refers to Qatari citizens only.
g. Includes recreational study.
h. Survey focused on unpaid work only.
DEFINITIONS

Total paid work: Working time in paid employment (corporations, quasi-corporations, nonprofit institutions and gove
providing services for income.

Total unpaid work: Working time in providing unpaid domestic services for own final use, providing unpaid caregivi

Learning: Time spent in learning activities, including attending classes at all levels of instruction (pre-primary, prima
and other special programmes for handicapped children, adults and other groups who have no opportunity to attend
examinations in courses; attending short-term courses, seminars and the like related to professional development a

Social life and leisure: Time spent in socializing and community participation; attending cultural, entertainment and
outdoor activities and using mass media.
Personal care and maintenance: Time spent in personal care and maintenance, including activities related to biolo
maintenance or receiving this type of care; participating in spiritual and religious care and activities; doing nothing; r
Other (including travel): Everything else, including travel, so that the total time sums to approximately 1,4401,445

Main data source

Columns 114: Charmes (2015); see http://hdr.undp.org for the full list of sources by country.

Learning
Female

Male

Female

(minutes per day)

56
42
43
26
39
41
38
68
31
44
24
18
37
36
31
52
39
29
83
52
30
41
101
45
58
67
69
70
80
34
36
0
28
81

b
b

57
30
36
25
44
36
36
110
70
84
27
36
34
30
34
56
37
20
87
73
36
51
124
55
70
53
51
61
73
33
43
0
26
110

Personal care and

maintenance

Social life and leisure

Male

Female

(minutes per day)

b
b

163
240
189
284
300
313
310
144
133
137
241
222
309
324
215
309
278
325
174
266
267
243
136
89
99
301
284
291
266
269
249
208
330
169

b
b

226
330
255
308
335
371
347
243
215
225
296
258
346
348
251
338
289
346
190
305
314
283
177
130
140
362
323
308
297
309
285
249
355
254

Other (including travel)

Male

Female

(minutes per day)

b
b

699
798
749
666
673
696
697
723
746
738
730
742
656
648
696
706
662
673
877
577
670
647
781
795
792
649
638
622
632
713
731
685
656
732

b
b

733
768
733
649
654
662
674
722
758
745
750
738
634
624
704
690
653
643
875
573
666
648
754
819
805
633
621
625
634
696
716
672
636
709

Male

(minutes per day)

b
b

83
18
46
25
5
83
75
31
38
35
37
0
0
18
0
0
0
22
0
0
51
40
0
0
0
56
52
47
56
64
37
44
24
0

b
b

108
72
61
39
5
89
89
49
59
55
26
0
0
24
0
0
0
33
0
0
60
45
0
0
0
58
56
57
69
55
38
45
38
0

38
33
0
78
28
81
62
58
48
30
46
35
26
26
27
57
42
44
71
69
82
69
15
12
112
66
80
71
40
51
65
72
77
44

39
34
0
72
22
82
59
61
63
55
58
38
25
25
31
59
47
50
79
79
94
76
11
10
133
64
85
104
57
74
67
75
116
44

37
36
42
28
27
33

318
256
241
206
226
215
216
268
284
249
264
296
250
241
235
247
214
218
270
234
232
288
233
210
164
107
124
249
112
161
290
150
165
168

42
41
48
27
22
29

395
304
277
213
242
218
224
335
340
334
328
346
310
305
285
276
238
249
294
259
257
348
273
270
191
141
156
330
178
233
345
174
186
206

297
311
295
338
348
329

711
683
736
792
862
790
815
716
705
720
713
629
685
691
696
673
652
652
653
634
618
644
653
656
783
811
803
729
718
722
709
604
596
700

308
311
305
347
353
349

719
681
765
776
823
780
793
702
701
713
700
602
683
692
715
660
638
637
652
635
618
647
646
653
779
812
802
658
713
693
695
584
583
703

657
664
657
624
611
610

18
28
0
2
1
1
1
32
38
41
48
42
70
27
44
46
144
145
112
156
136
1
27
24
13
15
14
20
74
55
0
0
95
0

619
650
645
599
586
598

29
32
0
5
1
5
4
40
44
55
116
44
90
39
81
41
139
139
131
172
160
2
30
28
16
19
18
43
154
114
0
71
140
0

49
39
60
38
39
37

61
42
49
38
43
39

31
17
58
58
81
97
40
75
39
34
70
25
25
41
64
96
39
43
18
22
75
65
75
47
20
14
15
29
28
27
29
30
31
26
32
25
29
29

30
23
72
82
76
96
38
78
39
40
66
28
19
36
71
109
39
42
13
16
87
64
70
47
24
14
16
28
32
29
28
26
25
25
27
27
29
26

333
278
317
194
337
342
166
127
285
175
303
280
305
287
259
276
271
265
285
279
103
198
182
244
254
296
266
318
321
318
313
321
319
310
307
311
313
315

340
296
374
243
361
374
157
122
332
255
332
335
341
339
307
330
326
321
305
295
148
233
209
312
286
328
300
349
361
346
349
352
347
344
342
342
347
340

619
636
720
824
693
685
734
715
658
686
748
727
673
630
758
734
686
681
640
638
846
719
724
692
672
673
678
658
656
656
653
649
644
643
649
649
642
643

611
619
691
767
697
649
748
742
642
685
703
735
665
632
750
727
693
684
621
611
858
733
733
702
672
652
649
634
631
631
632
631
630
625
628
631
626
622

28
36
0
0
0
6
1
1
27
57
0
42
22
26
0
0
52
51
57
67
0
0
0
16
55
84
78
21
15
18
22
16
14
11
13
11
9
12

33
40
0
0
1
3
1
1
35
79
0
55
28
30
0
0
53
50
61
70
0
0
0
26
103
82
75
16
14
17
20
14
10
12
12
10
8
11

een urban and rural areas at the time of the survey: 36% urban and 64% rural.
24 hours because of simultaneous activities.
een urban and rural areas at the time of the survey: 30% urban and 70% rural.
.
otal of minutes for unpaid and other activities.

it institutions and government), primary production activities, nonprimary production activities, construction activities and

viding unpaid caregiving services to household members and providing community services and help to other households.

on (pre-primary, primary, secondary, technical and vocational, higher education, extra or makeup classes); attending literacy
o opportunity to attend school; completing homework assignments; conducting private studies and research; studying for
sional development and travelling to and from classes and school activities.

ral, entertainment and sports events; participating in hobbies, games and other pastime activities; participating in sports and

ctivities related to biological needs (sleeping, eating, resting and the like); performing own personal and health-care and
vities; doing nothing; resting; relaxing; meditating; thinking and planning.
oximately 1,4401,445 minutes

b
b

n activities and

other households.

); attending literacy
ch; studying for

pating in sports and

ealth-care and

Table 6A: Status of fundamental labour rights conventions

Freedom of association and

collective bargaining
C087: Freedom
of Association
and Protection
of the Right to
Organise
Convention,
1948

C098: Right to
Organise and
Collective
Bargaining
Convention,
1949

Entry into
Entry into
force:
force:
4 July 1950
18 July 1951
Year of ratification Year of ratificatio
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cabo Verde
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros

1957
1962
2001
1983
1960
2006
1973
1950
1992
2001

1957
1962
1976
1983
1956
2003
1973
1951
1992
1976

1972
1967
1956
1951
1983
1960
1965
1993
1997

1972
1967
1956
1953
1983
1968
1973
1993
1997
1952

1959
1960
1993
1999
1999
1960
1972
1960
1960
1999

1959
1962
1997
1979
1999
1962

1976
1978

1976
1978

1964
1961
1999

Congo
Costa Rica
Cte d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Fiji
Finland
France
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea - Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Republic of
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan

1960
1960
1960
1991
1952
1966
1993
2001
1951
1978
1983
1956
1967
1957
2006
2001
2000
1994
1963
2002
1950
1951
1960
2000
1999
1957
1965
1962
1994
1952
1959
1967
1979
1956
1957
1950

1999
1960
1961
1991
1952
1966
1993
1969
1955
1978
1983
1953
1959
1954
2006
2001
2000
1994
1963
1974
1951
1951
1961
2000
1993
1956
1959
1962
1979
1952
1959
1977
1966
1957
1956
1957
1952

1998

1957

2000

1962
1955
1957
1958
1962
1953
1968
2001
1964
2000

1961
1992

2007
1992

1955
1957
1958
1962
1965
2000

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova, Republic of
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia

1992
1966
1962
2000
1994
1958
1960
1999
2013
1960
1965
1961
2005
1950
1996
1969
2006
1996
1955
1995

1992
1977
1966
1962
1962
1994
1958
1998
1965
1961
2013
1964
1965
2001
1969
1996
1969
2006
1957
1996

1967
1961
1960
1949

1995
1996
1993
2003
1967
1962
1960
1955

1951
1958
2000
1962
1960
1953
1957
1977

1952
1966
1976
1966
1964
1953
1957
1964

1957
1956
1988
2000
1980
2001
2008
1986
1992

1958
1956
1988
2000
1980
1998
2008
1986
1992

1960
2000

1961
2000

1950

Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania, United Republic of
Thailand
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Timor-Leste
Togo
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
Viet Nam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe

1978
1961
1993
1992
2012

1999
1961
1965
1993
1992
2012

2014

2014

1996

1976
1978
1949
1975
1960
1993
2000

1996
2012
1977
1972
1957
1996
1978
1950
1999
1957
1993
1962

1991
2009
1960
1963
1957
1993
1997
2005
1956

1991
2009
1983
1963
1957
1952
1997
1963
1956

1949

1950

1954
2006
1982

1954
1992
2006
1968

1976
1996
2003

1969
1996
1998

1977
1995

Notes
a. Not in force, denounced on 10 January 1990.

b. The government declared in conformity with article 5, paragraph 2, of the convention that the provisions of the convention do
under age 15 and that aims at better integrating them into their social surroundings and the environment.
c. Not in force, denounced on 19 April 1979.
d. Pursuant to article 3, the minimum age for underground work is 19 full years and 20 full years for apprentices.

Definitions

C087: Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948: S
choosing without previous authorization, that workers and employers organizations have the right to
confederation has the right to affiliate with international organizations of workers and employers.

C098: Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949: Protects workers from a
trade union membership for employment, or dismissal because of union membership or participation
each other, in particular the establishment of workers organizations under the domination of employe
means in order to place such organizations under the control of employers or employers organization

C029: Forced Labour Convention, 1930: Prohibits all forms of forced or compulsory labourdefine
which the person has not offered himself or herself voluntarily. Exceptions are provided for work requi
in a court of law (provided that the work or service in question is carried out under the supervision an
disposal of private individuals, companies or associations), in cases of emergency and for minor comm
community.
C105: Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957: Prohibits forced or compulsory labour as a
views or views ideologically opposed to the established political, social or economic system; as a met
discipline; as a punishment for having participated in strikes and as a means of racial, social, national

C100: Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951: Ensures the principle of equal remuneration for m
ordinary, basic or minimum wage or salary and any additional direct or indirect payment (in cash or in

C111: Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958: Requires ratifying sta
treatment in respect of employment and occupation, with a view to eliminating any discrimination in t
to particular occupations, and terms and conditions of employment. Discrimination is defined as any d
national extraction or social origin that nullifies or impairs equality of opportunity or treatment in emp

C138: Minimum Age Convention, 1973: Sets the general minimum age for admission to employm
under certain strict conditions), with provisions for initially setting the general minimum age at 14 (12
C182: Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999: Requires ratifying states to eliminate the
slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage and s
children for use in armed conflict; child prostitution and pornography; using children for illicit activities
health, safety or morals of children. The convention also requires ratifying states to provide the neces
labour and for their rehabilitation and social integration and to ensure access to free basic education a
forms of child labour.
Columns 19: ILO (2015d).

Elimination of forced and

compulsory labour
C029: Forced
Labour
Convention,
1930

Elimination of
discrimination in
employment and occupation
C111:

Discrimination
(Employment
C100: Equal
and
C105: Abolition Remuneration
Occupation)
of Forced Labour Convention,
Convention,
Convention, 1957
1951
1958

Abolition of

C138: Minimum Age

Convention, 1973

Entry into
Entry into
Entry into
force:
Entry into force:
force:
force:
Entry into force:
1 May 1932
17 January 1959 23 May 1953
15 June 1960
19 June 1976
Year of ratification Year of ratificationYear of ratificat Year of ratificat Year of ratifica
1957
1962
1976
1983
1950
2004
1932
1960
1992
1976
1981
1972
1967
1956
1944
1983
1960
2005
1993
1997
1957

1963
1997
1969
1976
1983
1960
2004
1960
1958
2000
1976
1998
1972
1967
1995
1961
1983
1961
1990
2000
1997
1965

1969
1957
1962
1976
2003
1956
1994
1974
1953
1992
2001
1998
1974
1956
1952
1999
1968
1973
1993
1997
1957

1969
1997
1969
1976
1983
1968
1994
1973
1973
1992
2001
2000
1972
1974
1961
1977
1999
1961
1977
1993
1997
1965

1932
1960
1963
1979
1969
1960
2011
1960
1960
1933

1999
1997
1963
1979
1999
1962
1959
1964
1961
1999

1969
1978

1963
1978

1955
1969
1993
1979
1999
1970
1972
1964
1966
1971
1990
1963
1978

1960
1962
1993
1979
1999
1988
1964
1964
1966
1971
2006
1969
2004

2010
1998
1984
2001
1983
1996
2006
2000
1992
2001
2012
2000
1979
1988
2000
2001
1997
1993
1997
2001
2011
1980
1999
2000
2011
1999
2001
2000
2005
1999
1999
2001
2004

1960
1960
1960
1991
1953
1960
1993
1960
1932
1978
1983
1956
1954
1955
1995
2001
2000
1996
2003
1974
1936
1937
1960
2000
1993
1956
1957
1952
1979
1989
1959
1977
1966
1958
1957
1956
1958
1954
1950
1957
1962
1931
1955
1934
1962
1932
1966
2001
1964
2000

1999
1959
1961
1997
1958
1960
1996
2001
1958
1978
1983
1958
1962
1958
1958
2001
2000
1996
1999
1974
1960
1969
1961
2000
1996
1959
1958
1962
1979
1959
1961
1977
1966
1958
1958
1994
1960
2000
1999
1959
1959
1958
1958
1968
1962

1968
1992

1961
1999

1958
2001
1964
2000

1999
1960
1961
1991
1954
1987
1993
1969
1960
1978
1983
1953
1957
1960
2000
1985
2000
1996
1999
2002
1963
1953
1961
2000
1993
1956
1968
1975
1994
1961
1967
1977
1975
1958
1956
1956
1958
1958
1958
1972
1963
1974
1965
1956
1975
1967
1966
2001
2001
2009
1997
1992

1999
1962
1961
1991
1965
1968
1993
2001
1960
2005
1983
1964
1962
1960
1995
2001
2000
2005
1966
2002
1970
1981
1961
2000
1993
1961
1961
1984
2003
1960
1960
1977
1975
1976
1960
1961
1963
1960
1999
1964
1959
1999
1959
1963
1975
1963
1999
2001
2009
1998
1966
1992

1999
1976
2003
1991
1975
1997
2007
2001
1997
2005
1983
1999
2000
1999
1996
1985
2000
2007
1999
2003
1976
1990
2010
2000
1996
1976
2011
1986
2003
1990
2003
2009
1998
2009
1980
1998
1999
1999
1985
1978
1979
1981
2003
2000
1998
2001
1979
2009
1999
1999
1992

1964
2006
1977
1966
1931
1961
1994
1964
1960
1999
1957
2013
1960
1965
1961
1969
1934
2000
2005
2006
1957
2003
1955
2000
2002
1933
1938
1934
1961
1960
1932
1998
1957
1966
1976
1967
1960
2005
1958
1956
1998
1957
1956
2001
2000
1980
1998
2008
1995
2005
1978
1960
2000

2008
1992
1977
1998

1992
1977
2001
1962
1961
1994
1964
2007
1999

1958
2013
1962
1965
1997
1969
1959
1993
2005
2006
1966
1977
2000
2007
1959
1968
1967
1962
1960
1958
2005
1960
1966
1976
1968
1960
1960
1958
1959
2007
1998
1998
1962
2000
1980
1998
2008
1995
2005
1978
1961
2003

1962
1994
1967
1962
1965
1997
2013
1968
1988
2001
2002
1952
2000
1969
2006
1979
1977

2008
1992
1977
1998
1959
1961
1994
2001
1961
1965
2013
1964
1968
1963
2002
1961
1996
1969
2006
1963
1977

2010
1976
1971
1983
1967
1966
1974
1959

2001
1974
1973
1983
1967
1962
2002
1959

2001
1958
2000
1964
1960
1953
1954
1967

1961
1966
2000
1967
1970
1960
1961
1959
1976
1973
1961
1981
2000
1983
2001
2008
1986
1982
1978
1967
2000

1957
1956
1980
2000
1983
2001
2008
1985
1982
1978
1962
2000

2005
2006
2003
2001
1975
1998
1977
2000
1999
1997
2013
2002
1988
2001
1990
1999
2002
2006
2000
2003
2000
1997
1976
1981
1978
2002
1980
2005
2006
2000
2000
2004
2002
1998
1978
1998
2006
1975
1979
1981
2005
2006
2008
1995
2005

2014
1999
2000

1978
1961
1965
1993
1992
1985
1960
1997
2012
1932
1950
1957
1976
1978
1931
1940
1960
1993
1962
1969
1991
2009
1960
1963
1962
1998
1997
1963
1956
1982
1931
1995
1992
2006
1944
2007
1969
1964
1998

1978
1961

1965
1997
1997
2012
1961
1997
2012
1967
2003
1970
1976
1979
1958
1958
1958
1999
1962
1969
2003
1999
1963
1959
1961
1997
1963
2000
1997
1957
1991
1968
1997
2006
1964
1969
1965
1998

1999
1968
2002
1993
1992
2012
2000
2012
1967
1993
1970

1999
1966
1993
1992
2012
1961
1997
2012
1967
1998
1970

2000
2011
2005
1997
1992
2013
2000
2012
1977
2000
2003

1981
1962
1972
1957
1993
2002
1999
1991

1981
1962
1961
1960
1993
2002
1991

2002
1990
1999
2001
1993
1998
2004
1991

1983
1997
1968
1967
1997
2005
1956
1997
1971

1983
1970
1959
1967
1997
2005
1961
2001
1999

1984
2004
1995
1998
2012
2003
1979
1998
2000

1989
1992
2006
1982
1997
1976
1972
1989

1989
1992
2006
1971
1997
1969
1979
1999

1977
2009
1987
2003
2000
1976
2000

n that the provisions of the convention do not apply to traditional pastoral or rural work without remuneration that is carried out in a family se
d the environment.
full years for apprentices.

Organise Convention, 1948: Says that workers and employers have the right to establish and join organizatio
s organizations have the right to establish and join federations and confederations and that any such organizat
s of workers and employers.

n, 1949: Protects workers from anti-union discrimination, including requirements that a worker not join a union
ion membership or participation in union activities and protects workers and employers organizations from int
under the domination of employers or employers organizations or the support of workers organizations by fina
oyers or employers organizations. The convention also enshrines the right to collective bargaining.

ced or compulsory labourdefined as work or service that is exacted from any person under the menace of pen
tions are provided for work required by compulsory military service, normal civic obligations, as a consequence
ied out under the supervision and control of a public authority and that the person carrying it out is not hired to
f emergency and for minor communal services performed by the members of a community in the direct interes

orced or compulsory labour as a means of political coercion or education or as a punishment for holding or expr
al or economic system; as a method of mobilizing and using labour for purposes of economic development; as a
a means of racial, social, national or religious discrimination.

iple of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value, with remuneration broadly defined to
or indirect payment (in cash or in kind) from the employer.

on, 1958: Requires ratifying states to declare and pursue a national policy designed to promote equality of opp
liminating any discrimination in these fields, including discrimination in access to vocational training, access to
Discrimination is defined as any distinction, exclusion or preference based on race, colour, sex, religion, political
opportunity or treatment in employment or occupation.

m age for admission to employment or work at 15 years (13 for light work) and the minimum age for hazardous
e general minimum age at 14 (12 for light work) where the economy and education facilities are insufficiently de
s ratifying states to eliminate the worst forms of child labour (with child defined as a person under age 18), inclu
g of children, debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour, including forced or compulsory recru
; using children for illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs; and work that is likely
fying states to provide the necessary and appropriate direct assistance for the removal of children from the wor
e access to free basic education and, wherever possible and appropriate, vocational training for children remove

Abolition of child labor

138: Minimum Age

onvention, 1973

Entry into force:

19 June 1976
r of ratifica Age
14 years
16 years
16 years
14 years
16 years
16 years
16 years
15 years
16 years
14 years
15 years
16 years
16 years
15 years
14 years
14 years
14 years
15 years
14 years
16 years
16 years
16 years
15 years
16 years
15 years
14 years
14 years
14 years
14 years
15 years
16 years
15 years
15 years

C182: Worst
Forms of Child
Labour
Convention,
1999
Entry
into
force:
19 November
2000
Year of ratification
2010
2001
2001
2001
2002
2001
2006
2006
2001
2004
2001
2001
2001
2000
2000
2002
2000
2001
2003
2001
2000
2000
2008
2000
2001
2002
2001
2006
2002
2000
2000
2000
2000
2002
2005
2004

14 years
15 years
14 years
15 years
15 years
15 years
15 years
14 years
15 years
16 years
15 years
14 years
14 years
15 years
14 years
14 years
14 years
15 years
14 years
15 years
15 years
16 years
16 years
14 years
15 years
15 years
15 years
15 years
16 years
14 years
16 years
14 years
15 years
14 years
14 years
16 years
15 years

2002
2001
2003
2001

15 years

2000
2002
2001
1999
2005
2000
2003
2001
2000
2003
2001
2009
2001
2000
2004

15 years
16 years
15 years
15 years
15 years
15 years
16 years
16 years
16 years
14 years
15 years
15 years
16 years

2000
2001
2001
2000
2005
2001
2000
2000
2002
2000
2001
2001
2003
2002
2000
2001
2001
2001
2002
2002
2000
2001
2003
2001
2003
2008
2001
2007
2001
2000
2000

14 years
15 years
14 years
15 years
15 years
16 years
15 years
15 years
14 years
15 years
16 years
15 years
16 years
14 years
15 years
16 years
15 years
15 years
15 years
15 years

2005
2006
2001
2001
2003
2000
2003
2001
2001
1999
2000
2013
2000
2001
2001
2000
2000
2002
2001
2006
2001
2003

2013
14 years
14 years
15 years
14 years
14 years
15 years
15 years
15 years
14 years
14 years
16 years
14 years
14 years
15 years
15 years
16 years
16 years
16 years
16 years
14 years
16 years

14 years
15 years
16 years
14 years
15 years
15 years
15 years

2000
2002
2002
2001
2000
2000
2002
2000
2001
2001
2000
2000
2001
2002
2000
2002
2000
2000
2000
2003
2000
2000
2000
2001
2008
2000
2005
2001
2000
2003

15 years
15 years
15 years
15 years
15 years
14 years

1999
2011
2001
1999
2001
2012

2014
15 years
14 years
16 years
14 years
14 years

15 years
15 years
15 years
15 years
16 years
14 years
15 years
15 years
14 years
16 years
16 years
15 years
16 years
14 years
16 years
15 years
16 years
15 years
15 years
14 years
15 years
14 years
15 years
14 years

2000
2012
2001
2001
2003
2006
2002
2001
2000
2003
2005
2001
2001
2002
2009
2000
2003
2000
2001
2010
2001
2000
2001
2000
1999
2001
2008
2006
2005
2000
2000
2001
2000

carried out in a family setting by children

and join organizations of their own

any such organization, federation or

ker not join a union or relinquish

ganizations from interference by
rganizations by financial or other
gaining.

r the menace of penalty and for

, as a consequence of a conviction
it out is not hired to or placed at the
in the direct interest of the

t for holding or expressing political

c development; as a means of labour

broadly defined to include the

mote equality of opportunity and

training, access to employment and
ex, religion, political opinion,

m age for hazardous work at 18 (16

are insufficiently developed.
under age 18), including all forms of
or compulsory recruitment of
nd work that is likely to harm the
hildren from the worst forms of child
for children removed from the worst