Ho hc 10

Trang 1

Ch ng

Bi 7.

Bng tun hon cc nguyn t

ho hc v nh lut tun
hon

Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc

A Mc tiu:

1. Kin thc: HS bit:

- Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t ho hc vo bng tun hon.
- Cu to bng tun hon.
2. K nng
- Da vo cc d liu ghi trong v v tr ca trong bng tun hon
suy ra c cc thng tin v thnh phn nguyn t ca nguyn t
nm trong .
3. Thi :
Hc tp mt cch h thng v bit suy lun quy lut.
B chun b
GV: Bng tun hon + Phiu hc tp
HS : Bng ph
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..

10B9..

10B7..

10B10..

10B8..

10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c: khng

3. Bi mi:

Hot ng ca thy v tr

Hot ng 1.
o GV hng dn HS nghin cu SGK

bit s lc v s pht minh ra bng

tun hon.

Ni dung

S lc v s pht minh ra
bng tun hon

Ho hc 10
Trang 2
Hot ng 2.
o HS nghin cu SGK phn Nguyn
tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong
bng tun hon
o GV gii thiu: e ho tr l nhng
e
c kh nng tham gia hnh thnh lin
kt ho hc. Chng thng nm lp
ngoi cng hoc c phn lp st lp
ngoi cng nu phn lp cha bo
ho.
o HS hot ng nhm hon thnh
phiu hc
tp s 1.

I. Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t
trong bng tun hon

1. Cc nguyn t c sp xp
theo chiu tng dn ca in
tch ht nhn nguyn t.
2. Cc nguyn t c cng s lp e
trong nguyn t c sp xp
thnh mt hng.
3. Cc nguyn t c s e ho tr
trong nguyn t nh nhau c
xp thnh mt ct.

Phiu hc tp s 1.
1. Cho cc nguyn t c k hiu nh sau:
12
19
14
11
9
7
1
4
16
20
Li
H
He
O
Ne
C
K
N
B
Be
3
1
2
8
10
6
9
7
5
4
Da trn nguyn tc 1, th t sp xp ca cc nguyn t trn l:

c)

a) He, H, Li, O, Be, B, N, F, Ne, C.

b) Li, H, He, Be, B, F, Ne, C, O, F. H, He, Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne.
H, He, Be, Li, B, C, N, O, F, Ne.

p n c)
2. Cho cc nguyn t c cu hnh e nh sau:
A. 1s22s22p63s23p4
B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
C. 1s22s1 D. 1s22s22p2
E. 1s2
F. 1s22s22p6

c)

Da trn nguyn tc 2, cc nguyn t nm cng hng l:

a) A, B, C
b) D, F, C
F, C, A

B, D, E

p n b)

c)

Da trn nguyn tc 3, cc nguyn t nm cng ct l:

a) A v B
b) A v F
C v B

C v D

p n d)

Ho hc 10
Trang 3
Hot ng 3.
GV treo bng tun hon.
GV gii thiu cho HS bit cc d liu c
ghi trong .
HS vn dng trnh by cc d liu ca
mt vi nguyn t.
S hiu nguyn t
Khiu
ho hc
Tn
nguyn t

13

26,98

Al

1,61
Nhm
2 1
[Ne] 3s 3p
+3

Nguyn t khi
trung b
nh

II. Cu to ca bng tun hon

cc nguyn t ho hc

1. nguyn t
- S th t ca nguyn
t
ng bng s hiu nguyn
t ca nguyn t .

m in
Cu h
nh e
S oxi ho

Hot ng 4.
GV chia HS thnh 4 nhm.
o Nhm 1 v 2 lm bi tp 1.
(?) Vit cu hnh e ca cc ng. t thuc
chu k 3.
Na(Z=11): 1s22s22p63s1
Mg(Z=12): 1s22s22p63s2
Al(Z=13): 1s22s22p63s23p1
Si(Z=14):
1s22s22p63s23p2
S(Z=15):
1s22s22p63s23p3
P(Z=16):
1s22s22p63s23p4
Cl(Z=17): 1s22s22p63s23p5
Ar(Z=18): 1s22s22p63s23p6
o Nhm 3 v 4 lm bi tp 2.
(?) Vit cu hnh e ca cc ng. t thuc
chu k 2.
Li(Z=3): 1s22s1
Be (Z=4): 1s22s2
B (Z=5): 1s22s22p1
C(Z=6):
1s22s22p2
N(Z=7):
1s22s22p3
O(Z=8):
1s22s22p4
F (Z=9): 1s22s22p5
Ne(Z=10): 1s22s22p6
(?) Rt ra nhn xt v im ging nhau
ca cc nguyn t thuc cng mt chu
k?
Cho bit cch xc nh STT ca chu
k ?

2. Chu k
- Chu k l dy cc
nguyn t
m nguyn t ca chng c
cng s lp e, c xp theo
chiu in tch ht nhn
tng dn.
- S th t ca chu k
ng
bng s lp e trong nguyn
t.
- Chu k no cng bt
u
bng mt kim loi kim v
kt thc bng 1 kh him
(tr chu k 1 l chu k c
bit)
- Bng tun hon gm 7
chu
k:
Cc chu k 1,2,3 l chu
k nh

Cc chu k 4,5,6 l chu

k ln.

Ho hc 10
Trang 4
( ?) Xc nh loi nguyn t trong mi
chu k
o HS s dng bng tun hon.
( ?) Nhn xt s lng nguyn t trong mi
chu k.
( ?) Nhng chu k no l chu k nh ?
nhng chu k no l chu k ln ?
o HS hot ng nhm hon thnh
phiu hc tp s 2.
Phiu hc tp s 2.
Cho cc nguyn t c cu hnh e nh sau:

A. 1s22s22p63s23p4
B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
C. 1s22s1 D. 1s22s22p2
E. 1s2
F. 1s22s22p63s2
Cc nguyn t cng thuc chu k 3 l
a) A v B
b) A v F

c) C v D

d) C v B

p n b)
4. Cng c
- Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon.
- ngha ca cc d liu ghi trong nguyn t.
- Mi quan h gia cu hnh e v v tr ca nguyn t trong cng chu
k.
5. Dn d:
BTVN 1, 2, 3,4 Trang 35.
---------------------------------------------------------------

Ngy ging:
23/10/2007
Tit 14
Bi 7.

Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc (tip)

A Mc tiu:

1. Kin thc: HS tip tc nghin cu bit:

- Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t ho hc vo bng tun hon.

Ho hc 10
Trang 5
- Cu to bng tun hon.
2. K nng
- Da vo cc d liu ghi trong v v tr ca trong bng tun hon
suy ra c cc thng tin v thnh phn nguyn t ca nguyn t
nm trong .
3. Thi :
Hc tp mt cch h thng v bit suy lun quy lut.
B chun b

GV: Bng tun hon.

HS : Bng ph
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..

10B9..

10B7..

10B10..

10B8..

10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c:
(?) trnh by nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t ho hc vo bng
tun hon. Ly v d minh ho.
3. Bi mi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr

Hot ng 5.
GV chia HS thnh 4 nhm.
o Nhm 1 v 2 lm bi tp
1.
(?) Vit cu hnh e ca cc
nguyn
t H, Li, Na, K, Rb v cu hnh e
lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t
Cs, Fr thuc nhm IA.
H(Z=1): 1s1
Li(Z=3): 1s22s1
Na(Z=11): 1s22s22p63s1
K(Z=19): 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
Rb(Z=37):
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p65s1

Ni dung

3. Nhm nguyn t
- Nhm nguyn t l tp hp cc
nguyn t m nguyn t c cu
hnh e tng t nhau, do c
tnh cht ho hc gn ging nhau
v c xp thnh mt ct.
- Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t
trong
cng mt nhm c s e ho tr bng
nhau v bng s th t ca nhm
(tr 2 ct cui ca nhm VIIIB).
Khi cc nguyn t s.
Khi cc nguyn t p.
Nhm A bao gm cc nguyn
t s

Ho hc 10
Trang 6
Cs(Z=55): 6s1
Fr(Z=87): 7s1

v nguyn t p.
Khi nguyn t d gm cc
nguyn
o Nhm 3 v 4 lm bi tp
t thuc nhm B.
2.
Khi nguyn t f gm cc
(?) Vit cu hnh e ca cc
nguyn t xp 2 hng cui
nguyn
bng.
t F, Cl, Br v cu hnh e lp
Nhm B bao gm cc nguyn
ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t I, At
t d
thuc nhm VIIA.
v nguyn t f.
H(Z=1): 1s1
Li(Z=3): 1s22s1
Na(Z=11): 1s22s22p63s1
K(Z=19): 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
Rb(Z=37):
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p65s1
Cs(Z=55): 6s1
Fr(Z=87): 7s1
o Rt ra nhn xt v im
ging nhau
ca cc nguyn t thuc cng mt
nhm?
Cho bit cch xc nh STT ca
nhm ?
o HS s dng bng tun hon.
( ?) Nhn xt s lng nhm
nguyn t trong bng tun hon.
Cch nh s th t nhm
nguyn t
o HS hot ng nhm hon
thnh
phiu hc tp.
Phiu hc tp

Cho cc nguyn t c cu hnh e nh sau:

A. 1s22s22p63s23p4
B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
C. 1s22s1
D. 1s22s22p2
E. 1s2

Ho hc 10
Trang 7
F. 1s22s22p63s2
Cc nguyn t cng thuc mt nhm l
a) A v B
c) C v D
b) A v F
d) C v B

p n b)
4. Cng c
Nguyn t X c Z = 12.
- Vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t nguyn t X.
- Xc nh v tr ca nguyn t X trong bng tun hon
5. Dn d :
BTVN 5, 6, 7,8 , 9 trang 35.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------Ngy ging:
26/10/2007
Tit 15
Bi 8.

S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron

nguyn t ca cc nguyn t ho hc

A Mc tiu:

1. Kin thc: HS bit:

- Cu hnh e nguyn t ca cc nguyn t ho hc c s bin i tun
hon.
- S e lp ngoi cng quyt nh tnh cht ho hc ca cc nguyn t
thuc nhm A.
2. K nng
- Da vo v tr ca nguyn t trong 1 nhm A suy ra c s e ho tr
ca n. T d on tnh cht ca nguyn t.
- Gii thch s bin i tun hon tnh cht cc nguyn t.
3. Thi :
Hc tp mt cch h thng v bit suy lun theo quy lut.
B chun b

GV: Bng cu hnh e lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm A

HS : n luyn cch vit cu hnh e; cch xc nh v tr nguyn t
trong bng tun hon.
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..

10B9..

Ho hc 10
Trang 8
10B7..

10B10..

10B8..

10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c:
(?) Trnh by cu to ca bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc.
3. Bi mi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr

Ni dung

Hot ng 1.
GV treo bng Cu hnh
e lp ngoi cng ca
nguyn t cc nguyn t
nhm A.
HS nhn xt s bin
thin ca s e lp ngoi
cng ca nguyn t cc
nguyn t trong nhm A.
GV b sung: Cu hnh
e lp ngoi cng ca
nguyn t cc nguyn t
trong cng 1 nhm A c
lp i lp li sau mi
chu k. Ta ni rng
chng bin i mt
cch tun hon.

I. S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc

nguyn t

Hot ng 2.
HS nhn xt v s e lp
ngoi cng ca nguyn
t cc nguyn t trong
cng mt nhm A.
Tm s lin quan gia
STT ca nhm A vi s e
ngoi cng (e ho tr)
trong nguyn t cc
nguyn t trong nhm.

II. Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t nhm A

- u mi chu k l nguyn t c cu hnh e

lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t l ns1.
- Kt thc mi chu k l nguyn t c cu
hnh e lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t l ns2np6
(tr chu k 1).
Kt lun:
S bin i tun hon cu hnh e lp ngoi
cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t khi in
tch ht nhn tng dn l nguyn nhn ca
s bin i tun hon tnh cht ca cc
nguyn t.

1. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca

nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm A
a) Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng
nhm A
c cng s e lp ngoi cng.
b) STT ca nhm (IA, IIA) cho bit s e lp
ngoi
cng (s e ha tr) trong nguyn t ca cc

Ho hc 10
Trang 9

Hot ng 3.
HS da vo bng tun
hon. Xc nh trong
nhm VIIIA:
- tn cc nguyn t, k
hiu ho hc
- nhn xt v s e lp
ngoi cng ca cc
nguyn t trong nhm.
- c SGK bit tnh
cht ca cc nguyn t
kh him.
HS da vo bng tun
hon. Xc nh trong
nhm IA:
- tn cc nguyn t, k
hiu ho hc
- nhn xt v s e lp
ngoi cng ca cc
nguyn t trong nhm.
- c SGK bit tnh
cht ca cc nguyn t
kim loi kim.

HS da vo bng tun
hon. Xc nh trong

nguyn t .
c) Cc e ho tr ca cc nguyn t thuc 2
nhm IA,
IIA l electron s, cc nguyn t l nguyn
t s. Cc e ho tr ca cc nguyn t thuc 6
nhm tip theo l electron s v electron p,
cc nguyn t l nguyn t p (tr He).
2. Mt s nhm A tiu biu
a) Nhm VIIIA - nhm kh him.
Tn nguyn t Heli
Radon
K hiu ho hc
Xe
Rn
Cu hnh e lp ngoi
4s24p6

Neon

Agon

Kripton xenon

He

Ne

Ar

cng
1s2
2
6
5s 5p 6s26p6

Kr

2s22p6 3s23p6

Nhn xt:
- Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng: ns2np6 (tr He).
- Cc kh him u ko tham gia p ho hc.
iu kin thng, tn ti trng thi kh,
mi phn t ch gm 1 nguyn t.
b) Nhm IA - nhm kim loi kim.
Tn
ng. tLiti

Natri Kali

Rubidi

(ng. t phngx)

K hiu ho hc
Li
Cs
Fr
Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng
5s1 6s1
7s1

Xesi Franxi
Na

Rb

2s1

3s1

4s1

Nhn xt:
- Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng: ns1 .
- Trong cc p ho hc, cc kim loi kim c
khuynh hng nhng i 1e t ti cu
hnh bn vng ca kh him. Do , trong
cc hp cht KLK ch c ho tr 1.
- Cc KLK l nhng kim loi in hnh, thng
c nhng p sau:
Tc dng vi O2 oxit baz (tan)
Tc dng vi H2O hidroxit kim
mnh + H2
Tc dng vi cc phi kim mui.
c) Nhm VIIA - nhm halogen.
Tn nguyn t

Flo

Clo

Brom

Iot atatin

Ho hc 10
Trang 10
nhm VIIA:
- tn cc nguyn t, k
hiu ho hc
- nhn xt v s e lp
ngoi cng ca cc
nguyn t trong nhm.
- c SGK bit tnh
cht ca cc nguyn t
halogen.

(nguyn t phng x)

K hiu ho hc F
Cl
Br
Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng
2s22p5
4s24p5 5s25p5 6s26p5

I At
3s23p5

Nhn xt:
- Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng: ns2np5
- Trong cc p ho hc, cc kim loi kim c
khuynh hng thu thm 1e t ti cu hnh
bn vng ca kh him. Do , trong cc
hp cht vi kim loi, cc nguyn t halogen c
ho tr 1.
- dng n cht, cc phn t halogen gm
2 nguyn t : F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
- Cc halogen l nhng phi kim in hnh,
thng c nhng p sau:
Tc dng vi kim loi mui
Tc dng vi H2 hp cht kh, trong
dd nc chng l nhng axit.
Hidroxit ca cc halogen l nhng axit, v d
HClO, HClO3

4. Cng c :
o S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc
nguyn t ho hc.
o Mi lin h gia cu hnh e nguyn t vi tnh cht ca cc
nguyn t trong chu k
v trong nhm A.
Hng dn lm bi tp: Bi tp 7 trang 41.
Nhn vo cu hnh e ca nguyn t cc nguyn t ta bit :
- S lp e STT ca chu k.
- cc e lp ngoi cng l electron s v p nn chng u l nguyn t p,
do vy chng thuc nhm A, v th s e lp ngoi cng cho bit STT
ca nhm.
Cu hnh e : 1s22s22p4 Chu k 2, nhm VIA.
Cu hnh e : 1s22s22p3 Chu k 2, nhm VA.
Cu hnh e : 1s22s22p63s23p1 Chu k 3, nhm IIIA.
Cu hnh e : 1s22s22p63s23p5 Chu k 3, nhm VIIA.
5. Dn d : BTVN 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 trang 41.
--------------------------------------------------------------Ngy ging:

Ho hc 10
Trang 11
30/10/2007
Tit 16

S bin i tun hon Tnh cht

ca cc nguyn t ho hc . nh lut tun hon
Bi 9.

A Mc tiu:

1. Kin thc: HS hiu:

- Th no l tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t.
- S bin i tun hon tnh kim loi v tnh phi kim.
- Khi nim m in
- S bin i tun hon m in.
2. K nng
Vn dng quy lut bit nghin cu cc bng thng k tnh cht,
t hc c quy lut mi.
3. Thi :
Hc tp mt cch h thng v bit suy lun theo quy lut.
B chun b

GV: Phng to : - Hnh 2.1. Bn knh nguyn t ca mt s nguyn t.

- Bng 6. Gi tr m in ca mt s nguyn t nhm A.
HS : n cu hnh e, suy ra tnh cht c bn ca cc nguyn t ho hc.
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..

10B9..

10B7..

10B10..

10B8..

10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c:
(?) Trnh by cu to ca bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc.
3. Bi mi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr

Ni dung

Hot ng 1.

I Tnh kim loi , tnh phi kim

HS nghin cu SGK.
Cho bit c trng ca tnh
kim loi?

- Tnh kim loi l tnh cht ca mt

nguyn t m nguyn t ca n d mt
e tr thnh ion dng. Nguyn t
cng d mt e th tnh kim loi ca n

Ho hc 10
Trang 12
M Mn+ + ne
Cho bit c trng ca tnh
phi kim?
X + ne XnHS pht biu hai khi nim.
GV hng dn HS xc nh ranh
gii gia KL v PK trong bng
tun hon.
Hot ng 2.

GV v HS tho lun v s bin

i tnh kim loi v tnh phi
kim trong chu k theo chiu
in tch ht nhn tng dn.
HS c SGK m t s bin
i tnh kim loi, phi kim
trong chu k 3 .
(?) Trong mi chu k, theo
chiu tng ca in tch ht
nhn, tnh kim loi, tnh phi
kim ca cc nguyn t bin
i nh th no?
GV s dng bng Bn knh
nguyn t ca mt s nguyn
t (H2.1 SGK) gii
thch s bin i tnh kim
loi, tnh phi kim.

Hot ng 3.

HS s dng bng Bn knh

nguyn t ca mt s nguyn
t (H2.1 SGK).
(?) Nhn xt v s bin i
tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim
trong nhm IA, VIIA.

cng mnh.
- Tnh phi kim l tnh cht ca mt
nguyn t m nguyn t ca n d thu
e tr thnh ion m. Nguyn t
cng d thu e th tnh phi kim ca n
cng mnh.

1. S bin i tnh cht trong mt

chu k
V d: chu k 3.
Na Mg Al
Si
P
S
Cl
3s1

3s2
3s23p1 3s23p2 3s23p3 3s23p4
3s23p5
kim loi in hnhkim loi mnhkim loi m
hidroxit lng tnh phi kim
phi kim phi
kim phi kim in hnh
Quy lut: trong mt chu k, theo

chiu tng
ca in tch ht nhn, tnh kim loi
ca cc nguyn t yu dn, ng thi
tnh phi kim mnh dn.
Gii thch: Trong 1 chu k, khi i
t tri
sang phi, in tch ht nhn tng
dn nhng s lp e ca nguyn t cc
nguyn t bng nhau, do lc ht
ca ht nhn vi cc e lp ngoi cng
tng ln lm cho bn knh nguyn
tgim dn, nn kh nng d nhng e
(c trng cho tnh kim loi ca
nguyn t) gim dn ng thi kh
nng thu e (c trng cho tnh phi kim
ca nguyn t) tng dn.
2. S bin i tnh cht trong mt
nhm A
V d:
- Nhm IA gm cc kim loi in hnh:
tnh kim loi tng r rt t Li n Cs ;
Cs l kim loi mnh nht.
- Nhm VIIA gm cc phi kim in

Ho hc 10
Trang 13

Hot ng 4.

HS nghin cu SGK.
(?) Nu khi nim m
in
(?) m in c lin quan
n tnh kim loi, tnh phi
kim nh th no

Hot ng 5.

GV gii thiu bng gi tr

m
in ca nguyn t mt s
nguyn t nhm A (bng 6
SGK).
HS nhn xt quy lut bin
thin m in theo chu
k, theo nhm A.
(?) Quy lut ny c ph hp vi
s bin i tnh kim loi,
tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t

hnh: tnh phi kim gim dn t F n

I ; F l phi kim mnh nht.
Quy lut: trong mt nhm A, theo
chiu
tng ca in tch ht nhn, tnh kim
loi ca cc nguyn t mnh dn, ng
thi tnh phi kim yu dn.
Gii thch: trong 1 nhm A theo
chiu t
trn xung di, in tch ht nhn
tng nhng ng thi s lp e cng tng
lm bn knh nguyn t ca cc
nguyn t tng nhanh v chim u th
hn nn kh nng nhng e ca cc
nguyn t cng tng ln - tnh kim loi
tng v kh nng nhn e ca cc
nguyn t gim tnh phi kim gim.
3. m in
a) Khi nim
m in ca 1 nguyn t
c trng cho kh nng ht e ca
nguyn t khi hnh thnh lin kt
ho hc.
m in ca nguyn t cng
ln tnh phi kim ca n cng mnh.
Ngc li m in ca nguyn t
cng nh tnh kim loi ca n cng
mnh.
b) bng m in
Theo bng m in ca Pau-linh:
Trong 1 chu k, khi i t tri sang
phi theo chiu tng dn ca in
tch ht nhn, gi tr m in
ca cc nguyn t ni chung tng dn.
- Trong 1 nhm A, khi i t trn
xung
di theo chiu tng ca in tch ht
nhn, gi tr m in ca cc
nguyn t ni chung gim dn.
-

Ho hc 10
Trang 14
trong chu k, trong nhm A
khng

Kt lun: Tnh kim loi, tnh phi

kim ca
cc nguyn t bin i tun hon
theo chiu tng ca in tch ht
nhn.

4. Cng c:
Bi tp 7. Theo quy lut bin i tnh cht n cht ca cc nguyn
t trong bng tun hon th
A. phi kim mnh nht l iot.
B. kim loi mnh nht l liti
C. phi kim mnh nht l flo
D. kim loi yu nht l xesi.
5. Dn d:

BTVN 1, 2, 4, 5, 8,9,10,11 trang 47,48.

-------------------------------------------------

Ngy ging:
02/11/2007
Tit 17
Bi 9.

S bin i tun hon Tnh cht

ca cc nguyn t ho hc . nh lut tun hon
(tip)

A Mc tiu:

1. Kin thc:
HS hiu:
- S bin i tun hon ho tr cao nht vi oxi v ha tr vi hidro.
- S bin thin tnh cht oxi v hidroxit ca cc nguyn t nhm A.
2. K nng
Vn dng quy lut bit nghin cu cc bng thng k tnh cht,
t hc c quy lut mi.
3. Thi :
Hc tp mt cch h thng v bit suy lun theo quy lut.
B chun b

GV: Phng to:

nguyn t.

Bng 7. S bin i tun hon ho tr ca cc

- Bng 8. S bin i tnh axit baz.

HS : Bng ph.

Ho hc 10
Trang 15
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..
10B9..

10B7..
10B10..

10B8..
10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c:
(?) Trnh by quy lut bin i tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim trong mt
chu k, trong mt nhm A
3. Bi mi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr
Hot ng 1.

Ni dung
II Ho tr ca cc nguyn t

GV gii thiu bng S Bng 7. S bin i tun hon ho tr ca

bin i tun hon cc nguyn t
S th t nhm A IA
IIA
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
ho tr ca cc nguyn
VIIA
t (bng 7 SGK).
Hp cht
HS nhn xt s bin
vi oxi Na2O
i ho tr ca cc
K2O MgO
nguyn t chu k 3
CaO Al2O3
trong oxit cao nht,
Ga2O3
SiO2
GeO2 P2O5
trong hp cht kh vi
As2O5 SO3
hidro theo chiu in
SeO3 Cl2O7
tch ht nhn tng
Br2O7
dn
Ho tr cao nht vi oxi 1
2
3
4
5 6
7
SiH4

Hp cht kh vi hidro

GeH4 PH3
AsH3 H2S
H2Se HCl
HBr
Ho tr vi hidro

Quy lut: trong mt chu k khi i t tri

sang phi,
ho tr cao nht ca cc nguyn t trong hp
cht vi oxi tng ln lt t 1 n 7, cn ho tr
trong hp cht kh vi hidro gim ln lt t 4
n 1.

Hot ng 2.

III Oxit v hidroxit ca cc nguyn t nhm A

GV gii thiu bng S Bng 8. S bin i tnh axit baz

Ho hc 10
Trang 16
bin i tnh axit
baz (bng 8 SGK).
HS nhn xt s bin
i tnh cht ca cc
oxit v hidroxit ca cc
nguyn t nhm A chu
k 3 theo chiu in
tch ht nhn tng
dn

Na2O
oxit baz MgO oxit
baz Al2O3 oxit lng tnh
SiO2 oxit axit P2O5
oxit axit
SO3 oxit axit
Cl2O7 oxit axit
NaOH baz mnh (kim)
Mg(OH)2 baz
yu
Al(OH)3 hidroxit lng tnh H2SiO3 axit yu
H3PO4 axit trung bnh
H2SO4 axit mnh
HClO4 axit rt mnh
Tnh baz yu dn ng thi tnh axit mnh dn
Quy lut: trong mt chu k, i t tri

sang phi theo

chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, tnh baz
ca cc oxit v hidroxit tng ng yu dn,
ng thi tnh axit ca chng mnh dn.
Hot ng 3.

IV - nh lut tun hon

(?) Nguyn nhn bin

Tnh cht ca cc nguyn t v n cht,
i tun hon tnh
cng nh thnh phn v tnh cht ca cc hp
cht ca cc nguyn t cht to nn t nhng nguyn t bin i
HS nghin cu SGK
tun hon theo chiu tng dn ca in tch
nm c nh
ht nhn nguyn t.
lut tun hon.
4. Cng c: HS hot ng nhm, hon thnh bi tp vo bng ph.
Bi tp 12. Cho 2 dy cht sau:
Li2O
BeO
B2O3
CO2
N2O5
CH4
NH3
H2O
HF
Xc nh ho tr ca cc nguyn t trong hp cht vi oxi v hidro
5. Dn d:
BTVN 3,6 trang 47, 48.
------------------------------------------------Ngy ging:
6/11/2007
Tit 18
Bi 10.

ngha ca bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho

hc
A Mc tiu:

1. Kin thc:
Cng c cc kin thc v bng tun hon v nh lut tun hon.
2. K nng
Rn luyn k nng gii cc bi tp lin quan n bng tun hon:

Ho hc 10
Trang 17
- Quan h gia v tr v cu to.
- Quan h gia v tr v tnh cht.
- So snh tnh cht ca mt nguyn t vi cc nguyn t ln cn.
3. Thi :
Tch cc, t gic trong hc tp
B chun b

GV: Phiu hc tp
HS : Bng ph.
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..
10B9..

10B7..
10B10..

10B8..
10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c:
HS1: Trnh by quy lut bin i ho tr ca cc nguyn t.
HS2: Trnh by quy lut bin i tnh cht ca oxit v hidroxit ca
cc nguyn t nhm A.
3. Bi mi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr

Hot ng 1.
Hot ng nhm:
Nhm 1 + 2:
Cho bit nguyn t kali c s
th t l 19, thuc chu k 4,
nhm IA.
C th bit g v cu to
nguyn t ca nguyn t ?

Nhm 3 + 4:
Cho cu hnh e ca nguyn t
mt nguyn t l

Ni dung
I Quan h gia v tr ca nguyn t v cu to
nguyn t ca n

V d 1:
Bit nguyn t kali c s th t l 19,
thuc chu k 4, nhm IA.
C th suy ra:
- Nguyn t nguyn t c 19p,
19e (v s
p = s e = s hiu nguyn t = STT
nguyn t trong bng tun hon)
- Nguyn t nguyn t c 4 lp e
(v STT
chu k = s lp e)
- C 1e lp ngoi cng (v s e lp
ngoi
cng = STT ca nhm A)
V d 2.
Cho cu hnh e ca nguyn t mt
nguyn t l 1s22s22p63s23p4

Ho hc 10
Trang 18
1s22s22p63s23p4
Xc nh v tr ca nguyn t
trong BTH ?

HS rt ra kt lun: T v tr
ca nguyn t trong bng tun
hon c th bit c nhng
g v cu to nguyn t ca
nguyn t ?

V tr ca nguyn t trong BTH :

- STT ca nguyn t l 16 (v STT
= s e)
- Nguyn t thuc nhm A (v
nguyn t p)
- Nhm VI (v c 6e ngoi cng)
- Chu k 3 (v c 3 lp e)
Kt lun :
Bit v tr ca nguyn t trong bng
tun hon, c th suy ra cu to
nguyn t ca nguyn t v ngc
li:
V tr ca mt nguyn t trong bng tun hon ()

- S th t ca nguyn t
- S th t ca chu k
- S th t ca nhm A

Cu to nguyn t

- S proton, s electron
- S lp electron
- S e lp ngoi cng
II Quan h gia v tr v tnh cht ca nguyn t
Hot ng 2.
V d: Bit nguyn t lu hunh
Hot ng nhm:
Cho bit nguyn t lu hunh th 16, nhm VIA, chu k 3. C th
th 16, nhm VIA, chu k 3. suy ra :
- S l phi kim.
C th suy ra nhng tnh cht
- Ho tr cao nht vi oxi l 6, cng
c bn g ca nguyn t
thc oxit cao nht l SO3
- Ho tr vi hidro l 2, cng thc
hp cht kh vi hidro l H2S
- SO3 l oxit axit, H2SO4 l axit
mnh.
HS rt ra kt lun: bit v tr
ca mt nguyn t trong bng Kt lun:
Bit v tr ca mt nguyn t trong
tun hon c th suy ra
bng tun hon c th suy ra nhng
nhng tnh cht ho hc c
tnh cht ho hc c bn ca n:
bn g ca n?
- tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim

Ho hc 10
Trang 19
cc nguyn t nhm IA, IIA, IIIA
(tr B,
H) c tnh kim loi
- cc nguyn t nhm VA, VIA,
VIIA
(tr Sb, Bi, Po)c tnh phi kim
- Ho tr cao nht ca nguyn t
trong hp
cht vi oxi, ho tr trong hp cht vi
hidro.
- cng thc oxit cao nht.
- cng thc hp cht kh vi hidro
(nu c)
- cng thc hidroxit tng ng (nu
c) v
tnh axit, baz ca chng.
-

III So snh tnh cht ho hc ca mt nguyn t vi

Hot ng 3.
cc nguyn t ln cn
V: Da vo quy lut bin
i tnh cht ca cc nguyn
t trong BTH, ta c th so snh
tnh cht ho hc ca mt
nguyn t vi cc nguyn t
ln cn c khng?
HS nhc li cc quy lut bin
i tnh cht ca nguyn t
theo chiu tng ca in tch
ht nhn
Trong chu k, theo chiu in
tch ht nhn tng dn:
tnh kim loi yu dn,
tnh phi kim mnh dn.
oxit v hidroxit c tnh
baz yu dn, tnh axit
mnh dn.
Trong nhm A, theo chiu
in tch ht nhn tng dn
tnh kim loi tng dn, tnh
phi kim gim dn.
Hot ng nhm:
V d:
Nhm 1 +2:
So snh tnh cht ca P(Z=15) vi

Ho hc 10
Trang 20
So snh tnh cht ca P(Z=15)
vi Si (Z=14) v S (Z=16)
Nhm 3+4:
So snh tnh cht ca P(Z=15)
vi N(Z=7) v As (Z=33)

HS rt ra kt lun

Si
(Z=14) v S (Z=16)
Trong BTH, cc nguyn t ny thuc
cng chu k 3, xp theo chiu THN
tng dn ta c dy Si, P, S v vy
tnh phi kim ca P mnh hn ca Si v
yu hn ca S
So snh tnh cht ca P(Z=15) vi
N(Z=7)
v As (Z=33)
Trong BTH, cc nguyn t ny thuc
cng 1 nhm VA, xp theo chiu THN
tng dn ta c dy N, P, As v vy
tnh phi kim ca P yu hn ca N v
mnh hn ca As
Vy P c tnh phi kim yu hn N v S;
hidroxit ca n l H3PO4 c tnh axit
yu hn HNO3 v H2SO4.
Kt lun: Da vo quy lut bin i
tnh cht ca cc nguyn t trong
BTH, ta c th so snh tnh cht ho
hc ca mt nguyn t vi cc nguyn
t ln cn .

4. Cng c:
- Quan h gia v tr ca nguyn t v cu to nguyn t
- Quan h gia v tr v tnh cht ca nguyn t
- So snh tnh cht ca nguyn t vi cc nguyn t ln cn.
5. Dn d:
BTVN: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6 , 7, 8, 9 trang 51.
Chun b luyn tp.
---------------------------------------------------Ngy ging:
8/11/2007
Tit 19
Bi 11. Luyn tp

bng tun hon, S bin i tun hon cu hnh

electron nguyn t v tnh cht ca cc nguyn t ho
hc
A Mc tiu:

1. Kin thc: HS nm vng:

Ho hc 10
Trang 21
- Cu to ca bng tun hon.
- S bin i tun hon cu hnh e nguyn t ca cc nguyn t
ho hc, tnh kim
loi, phi kim, bn knh nguyn t , m in v ho tr.
- nh lut tun hon.
2. K nng:
C k nng s dng bng tun hon: t v tr ca nguyn t suy ra
tnh cht, cu to ca nguyn t v ngc li.
3. Thi :
Tch cc, t gic trong hc tp
B chun b

GV: H thng cu hi v bi tp hc sinh luyn tp.

HS : Bng tun hon.
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..
10B9..

10B7..
10B10..

10B8..
10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c: Kt hp trong qu trnh luyn tp

3. Bi mi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr

Hot ng 1.
GV m thoi:
Cho bit nguyn tc
sp xp
cc nguyn t trong bng
tun hon

Ni dung
A Kin thc cn nm vng

1. Cu to bng tun hon

a) Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t
trong bng tun hon
- Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu
tng dn ca in tch ht nhn
nguyn t.
- Cc nguyn t c cng s lp e trong
nguyn t c sp xp thnh mt hng.
- Cc nguyn t c s e ho tr trong
nguyn t nh nhau c xp thnh mt
ct.
Cn c vo u ngi
b) nguyn t
Mi nguyn t xp vo 1
ta sp
xp cc nguyn t thnh chu c) Chu k
- Mi hng l 1 chu k
k, nhm?
Bng tun hon c bao - BTH c 7 chu k : 3 chu k nh (1,2,3)

Ho hc 10
Trang 22
nhiu
chu k nh, bao nhiu chu
k ln? Mi chu k c bao
nhiu nguyn t?
Bng TH c bao nhiu
nhm?
Nhm no gm cc nguyn
t s, p, d, f

Hot ng 2.
GV t chc cho HS lm bi
tp 2.

v 4 chu k ln (4,5,6,7).
- Nguyn t cc nguyn t trong cng chu
k c s lp e nh nhau.
- STT ca chu k bng s lp e ca
nguyn t cc nguyn t trong chu k
.
d) Cc nhm nguyn t
- Cc nhm A gm cc nguyn t s, p
nm c chu k nh v chu k ln.
- Cc nhm B ch gm cc nguyn t d, f
nm chu k ln.
B Bi tp

Bi tp 2.
C. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong
cng mt chu k c s e bng nhau.
Hot ng 3.
Bi tp 4.
GV t chc cho HS lm bi
a) Trong BTH:
tp 4.
- nhm IA, IIA, IIIA gm hu ht cc
a) Trong BTH, nhm A no
nguyn
gm hu ht cc nguyn t
t kim loi.
kim loi, nhm A no gm
- nhm VA, VIA, VIIA gm hu ht
hu ht cc nguyn t phi
cc
kim, nhm A no gm hu
nguyn t phi kim.
ht cc nguyn t kh him?
- nhm VIIIA gm hu ht cc
b) c im s e ngoi cng
nguyn t kh
ca cc nguyn t trong cc
him
nhm trn.
b) c im s e ngoi cng ca cc
nguyn t trong cc nhm trn :
- Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t kim
loi c 1,
2, 3 e lp ngoi cng.
- Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t kim
loi
thng c 5,6,7 e lp ngoi cng
- Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t kh
him c 8 e
lp ngoi cng (tr He).
Hot ng 4.
Bi tp 6 .
HS gii bi tp 6 SGK
a) V nhm VIA 6e ngoi cng
b) V chu k 3 3 lp e. Lp e ngoi

Ho hc 10
Trang 23
cng l lp th 3.
c) S e tng lp l: 2/8/6
4. Cng c:
- Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon.
- c im ca chu k
- c im ca nhm A.
5. Dn d: chun b luyn tp tip.
----------------------------------------------------------------

Ngy ging:
12/11/2007
Tit 20
Bi 11.

Luyn tp

bng tun hon , S bin i tun hon cu hnh

electron nguyn t v tnh cht ca cc nguyn t ho
hc

(tip theo)
A Mc tiu:

1. Kin thc: HS nm vng:

- Cu to ca bng tun hon.
- S bin i tun hon cu hnh e nguyn t ca cc nguyn t
ho hc, tnh kim
loi, phi kim, bn knh nguyn t , m in v ho tr.
- nh lut tun hon.
2. K nng
C k nng s dng bng tun hon: t v tr ca nguyn t suy ra
tnh cht, cu to ca nguyn t v ngc li.
3. Thi :
Tch cc, t gic trong hc tp
B chun b

Ho hc 10
Trang 24
GV: H thng cu hi v bi tp
HS : Bng tun hon
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..
10B9..

10B7..
10B10..

10B8..
10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c: Kt hp trong qu trnh luyn tp

3. Bi mi:
2. S bin i tun hon
a) Cu hnh e ca nguyn t
S e lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc
nguyn t nhm A mi chu k tng t
1 n 8. Cu hnh e nguyn t ca cc
nguyn t bin i tun hon.
b) Tnh kim loi, phi kim, bn knh
nguyn t v gi tr m in ca
cc nguyn t:
Chu k
Nhm A

Bn knh nguyn t

Gi tr m in
Tnh phi kim

Tnh kim loi

Tnh kim lo i

Hot ng 1.
GV m thoi:
Trong BTH s e lp ngoi
cng ca nguyn t cc
nguyn t bin i nh th
no?
C nhng tnh cht
no ca
cc nguyn t bin i
tun hon theo chiu tng
ca in tch ht nhn?
Trnh by s bin i tun
hon tnh kim loi, phi kim,
bn knh nguyn t v gi
tr m in ca cc
nguyn t
Pht biu nh lut
tun hon

Ni dung
A Kin thc cn nm vng

Bn knh nguyn t

Hot ng ca thy v tr

Gi tr m in
Tnh phi kim

3. nh lut tun hon: SGK

Hot ng 2
GV t chc cho HS lm bi
tp 5.

B Bi tp

Bi tp 5.
a) Gi tng s ht p,n ln lt l Z v N,
suy ra s ht e bng Z. Ta c: 2Z + N =
28 N = 28 2Z
Nguyn t thuc nhm VIIA nn c th
c Z l 9, 17, 35, 53

Ho hc 10
Trang 25

Hot ng 3.
GV t chc cho HS lm bi
tp 7.

Bin lun:
Z
9
17
35
53
N=28 - 2Z 10
<0
<0
<0
A=Z + N 19
nhn
loi
loi
loi
Vy nguyn t l F
b) Cu hnh e: 1s22s22p5
Bi tp 7.
Oxit cao nht ca 1 nguyn t l RO3
cng thc hp cht kh vi hidro ca n l
RH2.
Trong phn t RH2 c 5,88% H v khi lng c 100 5,88 = 94,12% R v khi
lng.Ta c:
R
1.2
=

Hot ng 4.
HS gii bi tp 8 SGK

94,12
5,88
Suy ra: R = 32. Vy R l S. Cng thc
oxit cao nht l SO3 v hp cht vi hidro
l H2S
Bi tp 8.
Hp cht kh vi hidro ca 1 nguyn t
l RH4, suy ra cng thc oxit cao nht
ca n l RO2.
Trong phn t RO2 c: 53,3% O
v 100 - 53,3 = 46,7% R. Ta c:
R
16.2
=

Hot ng 5
HS lm bi tp 9 - SGK

46,7
53,3
Suy ra: R = 28. Vy R l Si. Cng thc
oxit cao nht l SiO2 v hp cht vi hidro
l SiH4
Bi tp 9.
Gi kim loi nhm IIA l M.
Ta c phn ng:
M + 2H2O M(OH)2 + H2
Theo p:
0,6g
0,336lit
Theo bi:
xg
22,4lit

Ho hc 10
Trang 26
suy ra:
0,6.22,4
x=
= 40g nguynt khi
l 40
0,336
Vy kim loi l Ca.
4. Cng c:
- Cc quy lut bin i tun hon tnh cht ca cc nguyn t ha
hc.
- nh lut tun hon.
5. Dn d: chun b kim tra 1 tit.
---------------------------------------------------------------Ngy ging:
16/11/2007
Tit 21

Kim tra 1 tit

A Mc tiu: nh gi kt qu hc tp ca hc sinh cn c vo mc tiu

ca chng Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc v nh lut tun

hon.
1. Kin thc: HS bit:
- Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon.
- Mi quan h gia cu hnh e v v tr ca nguyn t trong BTH.
- S bin i tun hon tnh cht ca cc nguyn t ho hc.
2. K nng: Gii cc bi tp lin quan n:
- Quan h gia v tr v cu to.
- Quan h gia v tr v tnh cht.
- So snh tnh cht ho hc ca 1 nguyn t vi cc nguyn t ln
cn.
3. Thi : Nghim tc trong kim tra, thi c, chng bnh thnh tch
trong gio dc.
B chun b

GV: kim tra photo trc cho HS

HS: bt, thc, my tnh .
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..

10B7..

10B9..

10B10..

Ho hc 10
Trang 27
10B8..
10B11..

2. Ni dung kim tra:

Ma trn hai chiu
Mc
Ni dung
Cu to ca BTH.
Quan h gia cu
hnh e v v tr ca
nguyn t.
Quan h gia v tr
v tnh cht ca
nguyn t.
S bin i tun
hon tnh cht ca cc
NTHH.
Tng

Nhn bit
TNK TNTL
Q
2
1,0
2
1,0

Thng hiu
Vn dng
Tng
TNK TNTL TNK
TNTL
Q
Q
2
1
5
1,0
0,5
2,5
1
1
4
1,0
1,0
3,0

0,5

3
2,0

3,0

0,5
1

1
0,5

2
1,0

5
3

1,5
3

3,5

14
3,5

bi
Phn 1. Trc nghim khch quan (5 im)
Cu 1. Trong bng tun hon, s chu k nh v chu k ln l
C.
A. 8 v 18
B. 4 v 3
8 v 8
D. 3 v 4
Cu 2. Tm cu sai trong cc cu sau y
A. Bng tun hon c 7 chu k. S th t ca chu k bng s phn lp e
trongnguyn t.
B. Trong chu k v trong nhm, cc nguyn t u c sp xp theo
chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn
C. Bng tun hon c 8 nhm A v 8 nhm B.
D. Bng tun hon gm c cc nguyn t, cc chu k v cc nhm.
Cu 3. S hiu nguyn t ca cc nguyn t X, Y, Z, T ln lt l 6,7,8,9. Bn
knh nguyn t ca nguyn t no ln nht
A. X
B. Y
C. Z
D. T
Cu 4. S hiu nguyn t ca cc nguyn t X,Y,Z,T ln lt l 6,7,8,9. Vy
A. X thuc nhm IIA
C. Z thuc nhm VIA
B. Y thuc nhm VIIA
D. T thuc nhm VA
Cu 5. S hiu nguyn t ca cc nguyn t X, Y, Z, T ln lt l 6,7,8,9. Vy
c 4 nguyn t trn thuc 1 chu
Y thuc chu k 7
A.
C.
k
D. Z v T u thuc chu k 3
X
thuc
chu
k
6
B.
Cu 6. Mt nguyn t thuc chu k 3, nhm IVA trong bng tun hon. Cu

10

Ho hc 10
Trang 28
hnh e nguyn t ca nguyn t l
A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p1
C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3
2
2
6
2
2
B. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
D. 1s22s22p63s23p4
Cu 7. Oxit cao nht ca 1 nguyn t R ng vi cng thc RO 2 . Nguyn t R
l
C. O (Z=8)
D. F(Z=9)
A. C (z=6)
B. N (Z=7)
Cu 8. Hp cht kh vi hidro ca 1 nguyn t l RH 2. Oxit cao nht ca n c
cng thc l
C. RO3
D. RO4
A. RO
B. RO2
Cu 9. Cho cc nguyn t X, Y, Z c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l 9,16,17. Tnh
phi kim ca nguyn t no mnh nht
A. X
C. Z
B. Y
D. khng xc nh c
Cu 10. Cc nguyn t thuc cng nhm A c tnh cht ho hc tng t
nhau, v v nguyn t ca chng c
A. s e nh nhau
C. s e lp ngoi cng nh nhau
B. s lp e nh nhau
D. cng s khi
Phn 2. T lun (5 im)
Cu 11 (3 im).
Cho cc nguyn t A, B , C c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l 11,12,13
a. Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca A, B, C
b. Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng tun hon (chu k , nhm).
c. Xp cc nguyn t theo th t tnh kim loi gim dn.
Cu 12 (2 im).
Cho 19,5g mt kim loi tc dng ht vi nc to ra mt dung dch baz v 5,6 lit kh
H2 (ktc). Xc nh kim loi .
Cho bit : Na = 23 ; Ca = 40 ; K = 39 ;
p n v biu im
Phn 1. Trc nghim khch quan

Cu
p n

1
D

2
A

(5 im). Mi cu tr li ng c 0,5 im

4
C
Phn 2. Trc nghim T LUN (5 im)

5
A

6
B

7
A

8
C

Cu 11 (3 im).
a) Vit cu hnh e ca A, B, C
A (Z=11) : 1s22s22p63s23p1
B (Z=12) : 1s22s22p63s23p2
C (Z=13) : 1s22s22p63s23p3
b) Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng tun hon :
V tr ca A : chu k 3, nhm IA.
V tr ca B : chu k 3, nhm IIA.
V tr ca C : chu k 3, nhm IIIA.
c) Xp cc nguyn t theo th t tnh kim loi gim dn.

9
A

10
C

Ho hc 10
Trang 29
- 3 nguyn t cng thuc chu k 3, theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn, tnh
kim loi gim dn,
do tnh kim loi gim dn A > B > C.
Cu 12 (2 im).
PTHH :

R + H2O R(OH)x

+ x/2 H2

R(g)

22,4(l)

19,5(g)

5,6(l)

R = 39x. Vi x = 1 R = 39. Vy kim loi nhm l K (M=39).

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ngy ging:
Tit 22
Chng 3
Bi 12.

Lin kt ho hc
Lin kt ion - Tinh th ion

A Mc tiu:

1. Kin thc: HS bit:

- Ion l g? Khi no nguyn t bin thnh ion? C my loi ion?
- lin kt ion c hnh thnh nh th no?
2. K nng
HS vn dng: lin kt ion nh hng nh th no n tnh cht ca cc
hp cht ion.
3. Thi : Nhn thc c khoa hc lun gn lin vi thc t.
B chun b
GV: Hnh v tinh th NaCl.
HS : n tp: Mt s nhm A tiu biu ( bi 8).
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..

10B9..

10B7..

10B10..

10B8..

10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c: khng

3. Bi mi:

Ho hc 10
Trang 30
Hot ng ca thy v tr
Hot ng 1.

GV giao bi tp:
Cho Na c Z = 11. Tnh xem
nguyn t Na c trung ho
v in khng?
Nu nguyn t Na nhng 1e
th phn cn li ca nguyn
t Na c in tch l bao
nhiu?
HS:

Ni dung
I S hnh thnh ion, cation, anion

1. Ion, cation, anion

a) S to thnh ion:
Nguyn t trung ho in. Khi nguyn
t nhng hay nhng e th tr thnh
phn mang in gi l ion.

+
nh ng 1e
3+

3+
3nguyn t trung ho in

3+

3+
2ion mang in tch 1+

GV kt lun.
Hot ng 2.

(?) Nhc li c im cu
hnh e ca
nguyn t kh him v kim
loi kim?
HS: - Kh him c 8e lp
ngoi cng (tr He), l cu
hnh bn vng.
- KLK c 1e lp ngoi
cng, c xu hng nhng 1e
t c cu hnh bn
ca kh him
GV phn tch v d 1. HD
gi tn ion.

b) S to thnh cation:
V d 1. S to thnh ion Li+ t nguyn
t Li (Z=3).

3+

Li (2,1)

3+

Li+ (2)

C th biu din qu trnh trn bng

phng trnh:
Li Li+ +
e
(ion liti)
V d 2. S to thnh ion t cc nguyn
t Na (Z=11), Mg (Z=12), Al (Z=13).
Na
Na+
+ e
(ion natri)
Mg
Mg2+ + 2e
HS vn dng vit pt nhng
(ion magie)
e ca
Al

Al3+
+ 3e
cc nguyn t kim loi Na,
(ion nhm)
Mg, Al
Nhn xt: cc nguyn t kim loi, lp

Ho hc 10
Trang 31
ngoi cng c 1,2,3e d nhng e tr
thnh ion dng, gi l cation. Tn
cation = tn kim loi.
HS rt ra kt lun v s to
thnh
cation.
Hot ng 3.

(?) Nhc li c im cu
hnh e ca nguyn t
halogen?
HS: Cc nguyn t halogen
c 7e lp ngoi cng, c xu
hng nhn thm 1e t
c cu hnh bn ca kh
him
GV phn tch v d 1. HD
gi tn
ion.

c) S to thnh anion:
9+

F (2,7)

9+

F- (2,8)

C th biu din qu trnh trn bng

phng trnh: F + e
F(ion florua)
V d 2. S to thnh ion t cc nguyn
t O (Z=8), Cl (Z=17) .
O + 2e
O2(ion oxit)
Cl + e
ClHS vn dng vit pt nhn e
(ion florua)
ca
Nhn xt: cc nguyn t phi kim, lp
cc nguyn t kim loi O, Cl
ngoi cng c 5,6,7e d nhn e tr
thnh ion m, gi l anion.
Tn anion = tn gc axit.
HS rt ra kt lun v s to
thnh
anion.
Hot ng 4.

2. Ion n nguyn t v ion a nguyn

t
a) Ion n nguyn t l nhng ion c
to nn t 1 nguyn t. V d: cation Li+,
Na+, Mg2+, Al3+ . v anion F-, S2-....
b) Ion a nguyn t l nhng nhm
nguyn t mang in tch dng hay
m. V d: cation NH4+, anion OH-,
anion sun fat SO42-

Hot ng 5.

II S to thnh lin kt ion

GV hng dn HS c SGK
bit c th no l ion
n nguyn t v ion a
nguyn t.

GV phn tch theo s :

Khi t chy Na trong kh Cl2 xy ra qu

Ho hc 10
Trang 32
trnh:

17+

11+

Na (2,8,1)

Cl (2,8,7)

HS rt ra khi nim v lin

kt ion.
GV hng dn HS biu din
pthh ca phn ng Na tc
dng vi Cl2.

11+

Na+ (2,8)

Cl- (2,8,8)

Hay: Na + Cl Na+ + ClHai ion Na+ v Cl- mang in tri du

ht nhau bng lc ht tnh in hnh
thnh phn t NaCl:
Na+ + Cl- NaCl
Lin kt gia cation Na+ v anion Cl- l
lin kt ion
Lin kt ion l lin kt c hnh thnh
bi lc ht tnh in gia cc ion mang
in tch tri du.
- Phn ng ho hc trn c th c
biu din bng pthh:
2 x 1e

2Na + Cl2
Hot ng 6.

17+

III Tinh th ion

+2NaCl

GV s dng s Hnh 3.1. 1. Tinh th NaCl:

M hnh tinh th NaCl.
th rn, NaCl tn ti di dng tinh
GV m t mng tinh th ion. th ion. Trong mng tinh th , cc ion
Na+ v Cl- c phn b lun phin u
n trn cc nh ca cc hnh lp
phng nh. Xung quanh mi ion u c
6 ion tri du gn nht.
HS nu nhng tnh cht
2. Tnh cht chung ca hp cht ion:
bit v mui n.
- Tinh th ion rt bn vng v lc ht
GV b sung thm 1 s tnh
tnh in gia cc ion tri du trong
cht ca hp cht ion.
tinh th rt ln.
- Cc hp cht ion u kh rn, kh bay
hi, kh nng chy.
- Cc hp cht ion thng tan nhiu trong
nc.
- Khi nng chy v khi ho tan trong nc,
chng dn in, cn trng thi rn

Ho hc 10
Trang 33
th khng dn in.
4. Cng c :
- Nhng loi nguyn t no khi tham gia p hnh thnh lin kt ion
- Dng s v kin thc v s sp xp e biu din lin kt ion.
- Dng kin thc v lin kt ion tm ra cng thc ca cc hp cht
ion.
Hng Dn lm Bi Tp :
Bi tp 3. a) Cu hnh e ca cation Li+ l 1s2 v anion O2- l 1s22s22p6
b) in tch Li+ do nguyn t Li nhng 1e m c. in tch O2- do
nguyn t O nhn thm 2e m c.
c) Nguyn t kh him He c cu hnh e ging Li+. Nguyn t kh him
Ne c cu hnh e ging O2-.
d) V mi nguyn t Li ch c th nhng 1e , m 1 nguyn t O c th
thu thm 2e.
4 x 1e

+ 24Li + O2
2Li2O
Bi tp 4. a) S proton, ntron, electron trong cc nguyn t v ion :
2
H+ c s p =1; s n =1; s e =0
1
40
18 Ar c s p =18; s n =22; s e =18

35 17 Cl c s p =17; s n =18; s e =18

56 2+
26 Fe c s p =26; s n =30; s e =24

Bi tp 6. Cc ion a nguyn t :
a) H3PO4 c anion photphat PO43b) NH4NO3 c cation amoni NH4+ v anion nitrat NO3c) KCl khng c ion a nguyn t.
5. Dn d : BTVN 1, 2, 5 v 4 b, 6 d, e, g trang 59, 60.
------------------------------------------------------------Ngy ging:
Tit 23
Bi 13.
A Mc tiu:

Lin kt cng ho tr

1. Kin thc: HS bit:

- S to thnh lin kt cng ho tr trong cc n cht, hp cht .
- Khi nim v lin kt cng ho tr.
- Tnh cht ca cc cht c lin kt cng ho tr.
2. K nng: HS vn dng dng m in phn loi 1 cch tng i: lin kt cng ho tr khng cc, lin kt cng ho tr c cc,
lin kt ion.

Ho hc 10
Trang 34
3. Thi : Nhn thc c khoa hc lun gn lin vi thc t.
B chun b

GV: Bng tun hon. Bng gi tr m in.

HS : n tp: Mt s nhm A tiu biu ( bi 8). Bi lin kt ion tinh th
ion.
Vit cu hnh e. S dng bng tun hon. A.
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..

10B9..

10B7..

10B10..

10B8..

10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c:
(?) Th no l lin kt ion. Nhng loi nguyn t no khi tham gia p
hnh thnh lin kt ion. Biu din s to thnh phn t NaCl, MgO .
3. Bi mi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr
Hot ng 1.

(?) Vit cu hnh e ca

nguyn t H (Z=1) v He
(Z=2).
(?) So vi kh him gn
nht, H cn thiu my e
GV hng dn biu din s
to thnh phn t H2.

Hot ng 2.

(?) Vit cu hnh e ca

nguyn t N (Z=7) v Ne
(Z=10).
(?) So vi kh him gn
nht, Ne cn thiu my e
GV hng dn biu din s

Ni dung
I S hnh thnh lin kt cng ho tr

1. Lin kt cng ho tr hnh thnh

gia cc nguyn t ging nhau. S
hnh thnh n cht.
a) S hnh thnh phn t hidro (H2).
H +
H
H H
Cng thc e: H H
Cng thc cu to: H H
Gia 2 nguyn t H c 1 cp e lin kt
biu th bng 1 gch, l lin kt
n.
b) S hnh thnh phn t nit (N2).

Cng thc e:

N
N

Cng thc cu to: N N

Gia 2 nguyn t N c 3 cp e lin kt

Ho hc 10
Trang 35
to thnh phn t N2.
Hot ng 3.

GV: lin kt trong cc phn

t H2, N2 l lk cng ho tr.
HS rt ra khi nim v lk
CHT.
GV b sung cc khi nim
v lin kt CHT khng cc.

Hot ng 4.

HS trnh by s to thnh
phn t HCl t nguyn t H
v nguyn t Cl
GV hng dn : cp e chung
b lch v pha nguyn t
Cl c A ln hn.
( ?) Khi nim v lin kt
CHT c cc.

Hot ng 5.

biu th bng 3 gch, l lin kt ba.

Lin kt ba ny bn nn to thng, kh
N2 km hot ng ho hc.
Khi nim v lin kt cng ho
tr :
Lin kt cng ho tr l lin kt c
to nn gia 2 nguyn t bng 1 hay
nhiu cp e chung.
Mi cp e to nn 1 lin kt cng ho
tr.
- Cc phn t H2, N2 c to nn t 2
nguyn t ca cng 1 nguyn t (c
m in nh nhau) nn cc cp e
chung ko b ht lch v pha nguyn
t no. Do lk trong cc phn t
khng b phn cc. l lin kt cng
ho tr khng cc.
2. Lin kt cng ho tr hnh thnh
gia cc nguyn t khc nhau. S hnh
thnh hp cht.
a) S hnh thnh phn t hidroclorua
(HCl).
H

+ Cl

H Cl

Cng thc e: H Cl
Cng thc cu to: H - Cl
Lin kt CHT trong cp e chung b
lch v pha 1 nguyn t gi l lin
kt cng ho tr c cc.
b) S hnh thnh phn t kh cacbon
ioxit (CO2) (c cu to thng).

2O

Cng thc e:

Cng thc cu to: O

O
C

4. Cng c :
- S hnh thnh lin kt cng ho tr trong phn t ca n cht, hp
cht.
Hng Dn lm Bi Tp :

Ho hc 10
Trang 36
Bi tp 6. Cng thc e v cng thc cu to ca cc phn t Cl 2, CH4,
C2H4, C2H2, NH3
H
H
H
H
H
H
C C
C C
H C H
H C H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Cl

Cl Cl
H C

C H

H C

Cl
C

H N H
H

5. Dn d : BTVN 1, 2, 3 trang 64.

------------------------------------------------------------Ngy ging:
Tit 24

Bi 13. Lin kt cng ho tr (tip)

C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..

10B9..

10B7..

10B10..

10B8..

10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c:
(?) Th no l lin kt cng ho tr. Vit s biu din qu trnh
hnh thnh phn t H2, HCl
3. Bi mi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr
Hot ng 1.

HS nghin cu SGK. So snh

vi tnh cht ca cc cht c
lin kt ion.

Ni dung

3. Tnh cht ca cc cht c lin kt

cng ho tr
- C th l cht rn, lng hoc kh.
- Cc cht c cc tan nhiu trong
dung mi c cc nh nc. Phn ln cc
cht khng cc tan trong dung mi
khng cc.

Ho hc 10
Trang 37
- Cc cht ch c lin kt CHT khng
cc khng dn in mi trng thi.
Hot ng 2.

II - m in v lin kt ho hc

1. Quan h gia lin kt cng ho tr

khng cc, lin kt cng ho tr c
cc v lin kt ion
- Trong phn t nu cp e chung
gia 2 nguyn t ta c lin kt CHT
khng cc.
- Nu cp e chung lch v pha ca
1 nguyn t th l lin kt CHT c
cc.
- Nu cp e chung chuyn v 1
nguyn t ta c lin kt ion. Nh vy lk
ion coi l 1 TH ring ca lk CHT.
Khng c ranh gii r rt gia lin kt
CHT v lin kt ion.
Hot ng 3.
2. Hiu m in v lin kt ho
HS nghin cu SGK.
hc
( ?) Hiu s A ca cc
Hiu m inLoi lin kt
nguyn t trong phn t
t 0,0 n < 0,4 lin kt cng ho
gip ta bit iu g ( ?)
tr khng cc
Mi quan h gia hiu A
t 0,4 n < 1,7 lin kt cng ho
v lin kt trong phn t
tr c cc
( ?) Da vo hiu A ca cc 1,7
lin kt ion
nguyn t, hy cho bit loi
V d :
lin kt trong cc cht sau
Trong NaCl, = 3,16 0,93 = 2,23
y : NaCl, HCl...
> 1,7 lin kt ion.
Trong HCl, = 3,16 2,20 = 0,96
0,4 < < 1,7 lin kt CHT c
cc.
4. Cng c :
- Tnh cht ca cc cht c lin kt cng ho tr.
- m in v lin kt ho hc.
( ?) Khi no trong phn t
c lin kt CHT khng cc,
c cc, lin kt ion

Hng Dn lm Bi Tp :

Bi tp 5.
Phn t
CaCl2
AlCl3
CaS

Hiu m in
2,16
1,55
1,58

Loi lin kt
lin kt ion
lin kt cng ho tr
c cc

Ho hc 10
Trang 38
Al2S3
0,97
5. Dn d : BTVN 4,7 trang 64.
-------------------------------------------------------------

Ngy ging:

Ho hc 10
Trang 39
Tit 25

Bi 14. Tinh th nguyn t v tinh th phn t

A Mc tiu:

1. Kin thc: HS bit:

- Cu to mng tinh th nguyn t. Lin kt trong mng tinh th nguyn
t l lin kt cng ho tr. Tnh cht chung ca mng tinh th nguyn
t.
- Cu to mng tinh th phn t. Lin kt trong mng tinh th phn t
l lin kt yu gia cc phn t. Tnh cht chung ca mng tinh th
phn t.
2. K nng: HS vn dng:
- So snh mng tinh th nguyn t, mng tinh th phn t, mng tinh
th ion.
- Bit tnh cht chung ca tng loi mng tinh th s dng c tt
cc vt liu c cu to t cc loi mng tinh th k trn.
3. Thi : Nhn thc c khoa hc lun gn lin vi thc t.
B chun b

GV: Hnh v tinh th nguyn t, tinh th phn t, tinh th ion.

HS : n tp: Lin kt ion, lin kt cng ho tr. Tnh cht ca cc hp
cht ion, hp cht cng ho tr.
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..

10B9..

10B7..

10B10..

10B8..

10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c:
(?) Th no l lin kt ion, lin kt cng ho tr c cc, lin kt cng
ho tr khng cc. Cho v d minh ho.
3. Bi mi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr
Hot ng 1.

Ni dung
I Tinh th nguyn t

(?) Nguyn t C c bao nhiu 1. Tinh th nguyn t

e lp ngoi cng
Tinh th nguyn t cu to t nhng
GV s dng hnh 3.4. M
nguyn t c sp xp mt cch

Ho hc 10
Trang 40
hnh cu trc tinh th kim
cng.
GV m t:
- S sp xp t din ca 4
nguyn t C xung quanh
nguyn t C trung tm kim
cng.
- Tinh th kim cng.
GV khi qut ho.

u n, theo mt trt t nht

nh trong khng gian to thnh mt
mng tinh th. cc im nt ca
mng tinh th l nhng nguyn t lin
kt vi nhau bng lin kt cng ho
tr.

Hot ng 2.

2. Tnh cht chung ca tinh th

nguyn t
Lc lin kt cng ho tr trong tinh
th nguyn t rt ln. V vy tinh th
nguyn t bn vng, rt cng nhit
nng chy v nhit si kh
cao.

Hot ng 3.

II Tinh th phn t

(?) cc tnh cht bit v

kim cng.
GV gii thch ti sao kim cng rt cng

GV s dng Hnh 3.5. M

hnh tinh th phn t iot.
M t cu trc mng tinh th
iot.

Hot ng 4.

(?) cc tnh cht bit v

iot, nc
GV gii thch ti sao tinh th
phn t d nng chy, d
bay hi

1. Tinh th phn t
Tinh th phn t cu to t nhng
phn t c sp xp mt cch
u n, theo mt trt t nht
nh trong khng gian to thnh mt
mng tinh th. cc im nt ca
mng tinh th l nhng phn t lin
kt vi nhau bng lc tng tc yu
gia cc phn t.
2. Tnh cht chung ca tinh th
phn t
Trong tinh th phn t , cc phn t
vn tn ti nh nhng n v c lp
v ht nhau bng lc tng tc yu
gia cc phn t. V vy tinh th
phn t d nng chy, d bay hi.
Cc tinh th phn t phn cc d
ho tan trong cc ung mi khng
phn cc nh toluen, benzen, CCl4

4. Cng c :
( ?) Hy nu r s khc nhau v cu to v lin kt trong mng tinh th
nguyn t v mng tinh th phn t
5. Dn d : BTVN : 1,2,3,4,5,6 trang 70, 71.

Ho hc 10
Trang 41
------------------------------------------------------------Ngy ging:
Tit 26

Bi 15. Ho tr v s oxi ho
A Mc tiu:

1. Kin thc: HS bit:

- Ho tr ca mt nguyn t trong hp cht ion, trong hp cht cng ho
tr
- S oxi ho.
2. K nng: HS vn dng: xc nh ng in ho tr, cng ho tr,
s oxi ho.
3. Thi : Nhn thc c khoa hc lun gn lin vi thc t.
B chun b

GV: Bng tun hon.

HS : n tp: Lin kt ion, lin kt cng ho tr.
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..

10B9..

10B7..

10B10..

10B8..

10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c:
( ?) Hy nu r s khc nhau v cu to v lin kt trong mng tinh th
nguyn t v mng tinh th phn t
3. Bi mi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr

Hot ng 1.
GV nu quy tc xc nh
in ho tr.
GV phn tch v d mu :
phn t NaCl, CaF2

Ni dung
I Ho tr

1. Ho tr trong hp cht ion

Trong hp cht ion, ho tr ca mt
nguyn t bng in tch ca ion v
gi l in ho tr ca nguyn t
.
V d :
Trong hp cht NaCl , in ho tr
ca Na l 1+, ca Cl l 1- .

Ho hc 10
Trang 42
Trong hp cht CaF2 , in ho tr
ca Ca l 2+, ca F l 1-.

HS vn dng lm bi tp th
d.
Xc nh in ho tr ca
tng nguyn t trong mi hp
cht ion sau : K2O, CaCl2,
Al2O3, KBr
Nhn xt : Trong hp cht ion, cc
nguyn t kim loi thuc nhm IA, IIA,
GV gi HS nhn xt khi
IIIA c in ho tr 1+, 2+, 3+ . Cc
qut ho.
nguyn t phi kim thuc nhm VIA,
VIIA c in ho tr 2-, 1- .
Quy c : khi vit in ho tr ca cc
nguyn t, gi tr in tch ghi trc,
GV lu cho HS cch vit
du ca in tch sau.
in ho tr.
Hot ng 2.
2. Ho tr trong hp cht cng ho tr
GV nu quy tc xc nh
Trong hp cht cng ha tr, ho tr
ho tr.
ca mt nguyn t c xc nh
bng s lin kt ca nguyn t
nguyn t trong phn t v
c gi l cng ho tr ca nguyn
t .
GV phn tch v d mu :
V d :
phn t NH3
CTPT
CTCT
Cng ho
HS vn dng lm bi tp th
tr
H
N
H
d. Xc nh cng ho tr
H
ca cc nguyn t trong cc
NH3
ca N l 3,
hp cht H2O, CH4
ca H l 1.
H O H
H2O
ca O l 2,
ca H l 1.
H
H

CH4
ca H l 1.

C
H

ca C l 4,

II S oxi ho

Hot ng 3.
GV t vn : s oxi ho
thng c s dng trong
vic nghin cu p oxi ho

1. Khi nim
S oxi ho ca mt nguyn t trong
phn t l in tch ca nguyn t
nguyn t trong phn t, nu gi

Ho hc 10
Trang 43
kh.
GV trnh by khi nim s
oxi ho.
GV trnh by quy tc xc
nh s oxi ho km theo v
d minh ho.

GV b sung v cch vit s

oxi ho.

nh rng lin kt gia cc nguyn

t trong phn t l lin kt ion.
2. Quy tc xc nh
Quy tc 1. S oxi ho ca cc nguyn
t trong n cht bng khng.
V d. S oxi ho ca cc nguyn t
Cu, Zn, H, N, O trong cc n cht
Cu, Zn, H2, N2, O2 u bng khng.
Quy tc 2. Trong 1 phn t, tng s
oxi ho ca cc nguyn t bng
khng.
V d. Tnh s oxi ho (x) ca N trong
NH3, HNO2, Trong NH3 : x + 3. (+1) =
0 x = -3
Trong HNO2 : (+1) + x + 2. (-2) = 0
x = +3
Quy tc 3. S oxi ho ca cc ion
n nguyn t bng in tch ca
ion . Trong ion a nguyn t, tng
s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t bng
in tch ca ion.
V d 1. S oxi ho ca cc nguyn t
cc ion K+, Ca2+, Cl-, S2- ln lt bng
+1, +2, -1, -2.
V d 2. Tnh s oxi ho (x) ca N
trong NO3x + 3 (-2) = -1 x = +5
Quy tc 4. Trong hu ht cc hp
cht, s oxi ho ca H bng +1 (tr 1
s trng hp nh hidrua kim loi NaH,
CaH2... ). S oxi ho ca O bng -2
(tr trng hp OF2, H2O2...).
Cch vit s oxi ho : S oxi ho c
vit bng ch s thng, du t
pha trc v pha trn k hiu
nguyn t. V d :
-3 +1
NH3

+1+3-2

HNO2
N2
Cu .....
4. Cng c : Cch xc nh in ho tr, cng ho tr, s oxi ho.

Ho hc 10
Trang 44
Hng dn gii bi tp.

Bi tp 7. S oxi ho ca cc nguyn t trong n cht, hp cht v

ion l :
+1 -2

+1 +4 -2

+7 -2

+1 +6 -2

+6 -2

-3 +1

d) MnO4- , SO42-, NH4+

a) H2S , S , H2SO3, H2SO4

5. Dn d : BTVN : 1,2,3,4,5,6, 7 b,c.

c trc bi luyn tp.
---------------------------------------------Ngy ging:
Tit 27

Bi 16. Luyn tp: Lin kt ho hc

A Mc tiu:

1. Kin thc: HS nm vng:

- Lin kt ion, lin kt cng ho tr
- S hnh thnh mt s loi phn t
- c im cu trc v lin kt ca 3 loi tinh th.
2. K nng:
- Xc nh ho tr v s oxi ho ca nguyn t trong hp cht v n
cht.
- Dng hiu m in phn loi 1 cch tng i loi lin kt
ho hc.
3. Thi : Chm ch, tch cc trong hc tp.
B chun b

GV: chun b ni dung luyn tp

HS : Bng ph.
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..

10B9..

10B7..

10B10..

10B8..

10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c: kt hp trong qu trnh luyn tp

3. Bi mi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr
Hot ng 1.

Ni dung
I Lin kt ho hc

Ho hc 10
Trang 45
GV t chc cho HS tho
lun Bi tp 2 SGK : S
ging nhau v khc nhau ca
3 loi lin kt: lin kt ion,
lin kt cng ho tr c cc
v lin kt cng ho tr
khng cc.
Loi lin kt

Lin kt ion

Lin kt cng ho tr
Khng cc
c cc
Ging nhau v mc ch
Cc nguyn t kt hp vi nhau to ra cho mi
nguyn t lp e ngoi cng bn vng ging cu trc ca kh him (2e hoc
8e).
Khc nhau v cch hnh thnh lin kt Dng chung e. Cp e khng b lch.
Dng chung e. Cp e b lch v pha nguyn t c A ln
hn.
Cho v nhn e.
Thng to nn
Gia cc ng. t ca cng 1 ng. t phi kim.
Gia cc phi
kim mnh yu khc nhau.
Gia kim loi v phi kim.
Nhn xt
Lin kt cng ho tr c cc l dng trung gian gia lin
kt ion v lin kt cng ho tr khng cc.
Hot ng 2.

II Mng tinh th

GV t chc cho HS tho

lun : So snh tinh th ion,
tinh th nguyn t v tinh
th phn t.
Tinh th ion
Tinh th nguyn t Tinh th phn t
Khi nim
Cc cation v anion c phn b lun phin u n
cc im nt ca mng tinh th ion.
cc im nt ca mng tinh th l
nhng nguyn t. cc im nt ca mng tinh th l nhng phn t.
Lc lin kt
Cc ion mang in tch tri du ht nhau bng lc ht
tnh in. Lc ny ln.
Cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng
lin kt cng ho tr. Lc ny rt ln.
Cc phn t lin kt vi nhau bng lc
tng tc yu gia cc phn t.
c tnh
Bn. kh rn, kh bay hi, kh nng chy. Bn, kh cng,
kh bay hi, kh nng chy.
Khng bn, d nng chy, d bay hi.

GV t chc cho HS lm bi
tp 6 SGK.

Bi tp 6 .
a) Tinh th ion : CsBr, CsCl, NaCl,
MgO
Tinh th nguyn t : kim cng
Tinh th phn t : iot, nc , cacbon
ioxit, bng phin
b) So snh tonc ca 3 loi tinh th :
- Tinh th ion : kh nng chy.

Ho hc 10
Trang 46
- Tinh th nguyn t : kh nng chy
- Tinh th phn t : d nng chy.
c) Khng c tinh th no dn in
trng thi rn. Khi nng chy hoc
khi ho tan trong nc tinh th ion
dn in.
Hot ng 3.

III in ho tr

GV t chc cho HS lm bi
tp 7 SGK.

Bi tp 7.
in ho tr ca cc nguyn t nhm
VIA, VIIA trong cc hp cht vi cc
nguyn t nhm IA :
- Cc nguyn t kim loi thuc
nhm IA c s e lp ngoi cng
l 1 c th nhng i 1e c
in ho tr l 1+ .
- Cc nguyn t phi kim thuc
nhm VIA, VIIA c s e lp
ngoi cng l 6,7 c th nhn
thm 2 hay 1e c in ho
tr l 2-, 1- .
4. Cng c : GV h thng cc kin thc cn nh trong mi phn.
5. Dn d : Chun b luyn tp tip
----------------------------------------------------------Ngy ging:
Tit 28

Bi 16. Luyn tp: Lin kt ho hc (Tip)

C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..

10B9..

10B7..

10B10..

10B8..

10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c: kt hp trong qu trnh luyn tp

3. Bi mi:

Ho hc 10
Trang 47
Hot ng ca thy v tr
Ni dung
IV

Ho
tr
cao
nht
vi oxi v ho tr vi hidro
Hot ng 1. GV t chc cho

HS lm bi tp 8 SGK.
Da vo v tr ca cc
nguyn t trong bng tun
hon xc nh.
a) Nhng nguyn t no c
cng ho tr trong oxit cao
nht : Si, P, Cl, S, C, N, Se,
Br
b) Nhng nguyn t no c
cng ho tr trong hp cht
kh vi hidro : P, S, F, Si, Cl,
N, As, Te

Bi tp 8.
a) Nhng nguyn t c cng ho tr
trong oxit cao nht :
RO2
R2O3
RO3
R2O7
Si, C
P, N
S, Se
Cl, Br
b) Nhng nguyn t c cng ho tr
trong hp cht kh vi hidro :
RH4
RH3
RH2
RH
Si
P, N, As S, Te
Cl, F

Hot ng 2.

V S oxi ho

GV t chc cho HS lm bi Bi tp 9. Xc nh s oxi ho ca

tp 9 SGK.
Mn, Cr, Cl, P, N, S, C, Br
a) Trong phn t:
+7

+6

+5

+5

KMnO4 , Na2Cr2O7 , KClO3 , H3PO4

b) Trong ion:
+5

+6

+4

-1

-3

NO3- , SO42- , CO32- , Br- , NH4+

Hot ng 3.

VI m in v hiu m in

GV t chc cho HS lm bi Bi tp 3.
tp 3,4 SGK.
Phn t
Na2O
MgO
Al2O3
SiO2
c cc

P2O5
SO3
Cl2O7

khng cc

Hiu A
2,51
2,13
1,83
1,54
1,25
0,86
0,28

Loi lin kt
Lin kt ion

Lin kt CHT

Lin kt CHT

Ho hc 10
Trang 48
Bi tp 4. a)
F
O
Cl
N
= 3,98 = 3,44 = 3,16 = 3,04
Tnh phi kim gim dn
b) Vit CTCT ca cc phn t, xt loi
lin kt
Phn
t
N2
CT

CH4

H2O

NH3

CT
H

N N

H-C - H
H

H-O-H
H-N-H
N

Hiu A
0
L kt CHT khng cc
Hot ng 4.

VII Mt s dng bi tp

0,35
1,24 0,84
CHT c cc

GV t chc cho HS lm bi Bi tp 1 .
tp 1, 5 SGK.
Na
Na+ + 1 e
(2,8,1)
(2,8)
Mg

Mg2+ + 2 e
(2,8,2)
(2,8)
Al

Al3+ + 3 e
(2,8,3)
(2,8)
Cl + 1 e Cl(2,8,7)
(2,8,8)
S + 2 e S2(2,8,6)
(2,8,8)
O + 2 e O2(2,6)
(2,8)
Bi tp 5 . Nguyn t c cu hnh e l
1s22s22p3
Tng s e = 7 STT nguyn t l 7.
C 2 lp e nguyn t thuc chu k 2.
Nguyn t p, c 5e lp ngoi cng
nguyn t thuc nhm VA. l nit.
CTPT ca hp cht kh vi hidro l NH3.
CT e v CTCT ca phn t :

Ho hc 10
Trang 49

H N H
H

H-N-H

H
4. Cng c : GV nhc li cc kin thc c bn qua mi phn.
5. Dn d : n li : Phn ng oxi ho kh (lp 9)
----------------------------------------------------------Ngy ging:
2/12/2008
Tit 29

Chng 4
Bi 17.

Phn ng oxi ho - kh

A Mc tiu:

1. Kin thc: HS bit:

- S oxi ho , s kh, cht oxi ho, cht kh v phn ng oxi ho - kh l
g di nh sng ca l thuyt ch o c hc cc chng trc.
- Mun lp PTHH ca phn ng oxi ho - kh theo phng php thng
bng e phi tin hnh qua my bc?
2. K nng:
Cn bng nhanh chng cc PTHH ca phn ng oxi ho - kh n gin
theo phng php thng bng e.
3. Thi : Nhn thc c tm quan trng ca vic nm vng
kin thc v phn ng oxi ho kh i vi sn xut ho hc v mi trng.
B chun b

GV: gio n
HS : n p oxi ho kh (lp 9); khi nim s oxi ho v cc quy tc xc
nh s oxi ho.
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B11..

10B13..

10B12..

10B14..

2. Kim tra bi c: khng kim tra

Ho hc 10
Trang 50
3. Bi mi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr

Hot ng 1. Hnh thnh

quan nim mi v s oxi ho.
Nhc li nh ngha s oxi
ho : s tc dng ca oxi vi
1 cht l s oxi ho.
GV hng dn HS phn tch
v d.
- Xc nh s oxi ho ca
Mg v O trc v sau p.
- Nhn xt v s thay i
s oxi ho ca Mg, ch ra
bn cht .
- a ra N mi.
Hot ng 2. Hnh thnh
quan nim mi v s kh.
Nhc li nh ngha s
kh .
GV hng dn HS phn tch
v d.
- Xc nh s oxi ho ca Cu
v H trc v sau p.
- Nhn xt v s thay i
s oxi ho ca Cu, ch ra
bn cht .
- a ra N mi.
Hot ng 3. Hnh thnh
quan nim mi v cht oxi
ho, cht kh.
Nhc li quan nim c.
Ch ra bn cht ca cht oxi
ho, cht kh.
Nu N mi.
Hot ng 4. Hnh thnh
quan nim mi v phn ng
oxi ho - kh.
GV ly v d v p khng c
oxi tham gia.

Ni dung
I - nh ngha :

V d 1.
0

to

+2 -2

(1)
2Mg + O2
2MgO
Trc p, Mg c s oxi ho 0 , sau p l +2
(tng).
phn ng ny, Mg nhng e :
0

+2

Mg
Mg + 2e
Qu trnh Mg nhng e l qu trnh
oxi ho Mg (s oxi ho Mg).
Qu trnh oxi ho (s oxi ho) l qu
trnh nhng e.

V d 2.
+2

to

+1 -2

(2)
CuO + H2
Cu + H2O
Trc p, Cu c s oxi ho +2 , sau p l 0
(gim).
phn ng ny, Cu+2 thu e :

+2

Cu + 2e
Cu
Qu trnh Cu+2 thu e l qu trnh
kh Cu2+(s kh Cu2+).
Qu trnh kh (s kh) l qu trnh
thu e.
phn ng (1) , oxi l cht oxi ho,
Mg l cht kh.
p (2), CuO l cht oxi ho, Hidro l
cht kh.
Cht kh (cht b oxi ho ) l cht
nhng e.
Cht oxi ho (cht b kh) l cht thu
e.
V d 3
0

2Na + Cl2
0

H2 + Cl2

2Na+ + 2 Cl+1 -1

2HCl

+1 -1

2NaCl

(3)

(4)

Ho hc 10
Trang 51
-3 +5
HS xc nh s oxi ho ca
to +1
(5)
NH4NO3
N2O + 2H2O
cc nguyn t trc v sau p.
Phn ng oxi ho kh l phn ng
So snh cc p (3,4,5) vi cc
ha hc trong c s chuyn e
p (1,2) v bn cht (s
chuyn e v c s thay i gia cc cht p.
Hay :
s oxi ho).
Phn ng oxi ho kh l p trong
Rt ra N mi.
GV lu : s oxi ho v s kh c s thay i s oxi ho ca 1 s
l 2 qu trnh tri ngc nhau nguyn t.
nhng din ra ng thi
trong 1 p.
4. Cng c :
Cc khi nim s oxi ho , s kh, cht oxi ho, cht kh v phn ng
oxi ho - kh
5. Dn d : BTVN 1,2,3,4,5,6 trang 82,83
--------------------------------------------------

Ngy ging: 17-122007

Tit 30

Bi 17.

Phn ng oxi ho - kh (tip)

C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..

10B9..

10B7..

10B10..

10B8..

10B11..

Ho hc 10
Trang 52
2. Kim tra bi c:
Cho phn ng: 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O
- Xc cht oxi ho, cht kh ? Qu trnh oxi ho, qu trnh kh ?
- Nu nh ngha phn ng oxi ho kh ?
3. Bi mi:
to

Hot ng ca thy v tr

Hot ng 1.
GV ly v d v phn tch
cc bc cn bng phn
ng.
- HS xc nh s oxi ho
ca photpho, oxi trong p
cht oxi ho v cht kh.
- HS vit cc qu trnh oxi
ho v qu trnh kh, cn
bng mi qu trnh.
- GV hng dn HS tm h s
thch hp cho cht oxi ho v
cht kh sao cho tng s e
do cht kh nhng bng
tng s e do cht oxi ho
nhn.
- GV hng dn HS t cc
h s ca cht oxi ho v
cht kh vo s p
kim tra li.

Ni dung
II Lp phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng
oxi ho - kh

V d 1. Lp PTHH ca p P chy trong

O2 to ra P2O5 theo s p : P + O2
P2O5
Bc 1. Xc nh s oxi ho ca cc
nguyn t trong p tm cht oxi
ho v cht kh.
0

+5 -2

P + O2
P2O5
S oxi ho ca P tng t 0 n +5: P
l cht kh.
S oxi ho ca O gim t 0 n -2:
O2 l cht oxi ho
Bc 2. Vit qu trnh oxi ho v qu
trnh kh, cn bng mi qu trnh.
0

+5

P + 5e

qu tr
nh oxi ho

-2

O2 + 4e
2O
qu tr
nh kh
Bc 3. Tm h s thch hp cho cht
oxi ho v cht kh sao cho tng s
e do cht kh nhng bng tng s e
do cht oxi ho nhn.
0

P
0

+5

P + 5e
-2

x4

O2 + 4e
2O
x5
Bc 4. t cc h s ca cht oxi ho
v cht kh vo s p, t tnh
ra h s ca cc cht khc c mt
trong PTHH. Kim tra cn bng s
nguyn t ca cc nguyn t v cn
bng in tch 2 v hon tt
vic lp PTHH ca p.

Ho hc 10
Trang 53
Hot ng 2.
GV ly v d.
HS tin hnh lp phng
trnh ho hc ca phn ng
oxi ho - kh theo 4 bc.

4P + 5O2 2P2O5
V d 2. Lp PTHH ca p kh cacbon
mono oxit kh st (III) oxit nhit
cao thnh st v cacbon ioxit
theo s p :
Fe2O3 + CO Fe + CO2
Bc 1.
+3 -2

+2

+4 -2

Fe2O3 + CO
Fe + CO2
S oxi ho ca st gim t +3 n
0: Fe3+ (trong Fe2O3) l cht oxi ho.
S oxi ho ca cacbon tng t +2
n +4: C+2 (trong CO) l cht kh.
Bc 2.
0

+3

Fe + 3e

+2

C
Bc 3.

Fe
+4

C + 2e
0

+3

Fe + 3e

+2

qu tr
nh kh

Fe

qu tr
nh oxi ho

x2

+4

C
C + 2e
x3
Bc 4.
Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2
III ngha ca phn ng oxi ho kh trong
Hot ng 3.
Dng phng php m thoi thc tin
gi m HS t tm ra c SGK trang 82.
nhng p oxi ho kh c
ngha trong t nhin, trong
i sng v trong sn xut.
HS tham kho SGK trang 82.
4. Cng c :
Hng dn gii bi tp
Bi tp 7.
a) MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
b) Cu + 4HNO3 c Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O
c) 3Mg + 4H2SO4 c 3MgSO4 + S + 4H2O
5. Dn d : Bi tp 8 trang 83.
------------------------------------------------------------Ngy ging: 21-122007
t0

t0

Ho hc 10
Trang 54
Tit 31

Bi 18.

Phn loi phn ng trong ho hc v c

A Mc tiu:

1. Kin thc: HS bit:

o Phn ng ho hp v phn ng phn hu c th thuc loi phn
ng oxi ho kh v
cng c th khng thuc loi phn ng oxi ho kh.
o Phn ng th lun l phn ng oxi ho kh.
o Phn ng trao i lun khng thuc loi phn ng oxi ho kh
HS hiu: Da vo s oxi ho c th chia cc phn ng
thnh 2 loi:
o Phn ng c s thay i s oxi ho
o Phn ng khng c s thay i s oxi ho.
2. K nng:
Tip tc rn luyn k nng cn bng phn ng oxi ho - kh n gin
theo phng php thng bng e.
3. Thi : Tch cc tm hiu kin thc khoa hc.
B chun b

HS : n phn ng ho hp; phn ng phn hu; phn ng th; phn ng

trao i (lp 8,9); p oxi ho kh ;
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..

10B9..

10B7..

10B10..

10B8..

10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c: kt hp trong qu trnh ging dy bi mi

3. Bi mi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr

Hot ng 1.
HS nhc li nh ngha p
ho hp.
GV ly 2 v d minh ho.
HS xc nh s oxi ho ca

Ni dung
I Phn ng c s thay i s oxi ho v
phn ng khng c s thay i s oxi ho

1. Phn ng ho hp
V d 1.
0

2H2 + O2

to

+1 -2

2H2O

Ho hc 10
Trang 55
cc nguyn t trc v sau p.

Trong p:
S oxi ho ca H tng t 0
n +1
S oxi ho ca O gim t 0
n -1.
V d 2.
+2-2

HS rt ra kt lun.

Hot ng 2.
HS nhc li nh ngha p
phn hu.
GV ly 2 v d minh ho.
HS xc nh s oxi ho ca
cc nguyn t trc v sau p.

CaO + CO2
CaCO3
Trong p khng c s thay i s
oxi ho ca cc nguyn t.
Kt lun: trong p ho hp s oxi ho
ca cc nguyn t c th thay i
hoc khng thay i.
2. Phn ng phn hu
V d 1.
+1 +5 -2

Hot ng 3.
HS nhc li nh ngha p
th.
GV ly 2 v d minh ho.
HS xc nh s oxi ho ca
cc nguyn t trc v sau p.

+1 -1

to

2KClO3
2KCl + 3O2
Trong p:
S oxi ho ca O tng t -2
n 0
S oxi ho ca Cl gim t +5
n -1.
V d 2.
+2 -2 +1

HS rt ra kt lun.

+2 +4 -2

+4 -2

to

+2 -2

+1 -2

Cu(OH)2
CuO + H2O
Trong p khng c s thay i s
oxi ho ca cc nguyn t.
Kt lun: trong p phn hu s oxi
ho ca cc nguyn t c th thay
i hoc khng thay i.
3. Phn ng th
V d 1.
0

+1 +5 -2

+2 +5 -2

Cu + 2AgNO3
Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
Trong p:
S oxi ho ca Cu tng t 0
n +2
S oxi ho ca Ag gim t +1
n 0.
V d 2.

Ho hc 10
Trang 56
0

+1 -1

Zn + 2HCl

HS rt ra kt lun.

Hot ng 4.
HS nhc li nh ngha p
trao i.
GV ly 2 v d minh ho.
HS xc nh s oxi ho ca
cc nguyn t trc v sau p.

+2 -1

ZnCl2 + H2

Trong p:
S oxi ho ca Zn tng t 0
n +2
S oxi ho ca H gim t +1
n 0.
Kt lun: trong ho hc v c, p th
bao gi cng c s thay i s oxi
ho ca cc nguyn t.
4. Phn ng trao i
V d 1.
+1 +5 -2

+1 -1

AgNO3 + NaCl
V d 2.
+1 -2 +1

+2 -1

+1 -1

+1+5 -2

AgCl + NaNO3
+2 -2 +1

+1 -1

2NaOH + CuCl2
Cu(OH)2 + 2NaCl
Trong 2 p khng c s thay i s
oxi ho ca cc nguyn t.
Kt lun: trong p trao i, s oxi ho
ca cc nguyn t khng thay i.

HS rt ra kt lun.
II Kt lun
Hot ng 5.
( ?) Vic chia p thnh phn
ng ho hp, p phn hu , p
Phn ng ho h c
th, p trao i l da vo
c s no
Phn ng ho hc khng
Phn ng ho hc c
GV gi : da vo s lng
c s thay is oxi ho
s thay i s oxi ho
cht tham gia v to thnh
( p oxi ho kh )
(khng phi lp oxi ho kh)
sau p
GV hng dn HS lp s
Phn ng Phn ng Phn ng
phn loi theo h thng
Phn ng Phn ng Phn ng
ho
h
p
trao

i
ph
n
hu
ho h p phn hu
cu hi :
th
( ?) Nu ly c s s oxi ho
th c th chia cc p ho
hc thnh my loi
HS : 2 loi
o p c s thay i s oxi
ho ca cc nguyn t
o p khng c s thay i
s oxi ho ca cc

Ho hc 10
Trang 57
nguyn t
( ?) Nhng p no thuc loi
p oxi ho kh, nhng p no
ko thuc loi p oxi ho kh
GV b sung : da trn c s
s thay i s oxi ho th
vic phn loi s thc cht
hn so vi vic phn loi
da trn s lng cht trc v
sau p.
4. Cng c :
Bi tp 5 SGK.
Cc phn ng c,e,g l phn ng oxi ho kh v trong p c s thay i
s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t.
a) SO3 + H2O
H2SO4
b) CaCO3 + 2HCl
0

+1

c) C + H2O

CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

+2

CO + H2

d) CO2 + Ca(OH)2
0

+2

+1

e) Ca + 2H2O
+7 -2

CaCO3 + H2O
0

Ca(OH)2 + H2
to

+6

+4

g) 2KMnO4
K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
5. Dn d:
BTVN 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 trang 86,87
Chun b luyn tp.
------------------------------------------------------------Ngy ging: 24-122007
Tit 32

Bi 19. Luyn tp

Phn ng oxi ho - kh
A Mc tiu:

1. Kin thc:
- HS nm vng cc khi nim : S kh, s oxi ho, cht kh, cht oxi
ho v phn ng oxi ho kh trn c s kin thc v cu to nguyn t,
nh lut tun hon, lin kt ho hc v s oxi ho.

Ho hc 10
Trang 58
- HS vn dng : nhn bit phn ng oxi ho kh, xc nh cht oxi ho,
cht kh, cc qu trnh oxi ho , qu trnh kh, phn loi phn ng ho
hc.
2. K nng:
- Cng c v pht trin k nng xc nh s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t.
- Rn luyn k nng nhn bit phn ng oxi ho kh, cht oxi ho , cht
kh, cht to mi trng cho phn ng.
3. Thi : tinh thn hp tc hot ng nhm v thi tch cc
trong hc tp.
B chun b

GV: phiu hc tp.

HS: xem trc bi.

C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..

10B9..

10B7..

10B10..

10B8..

10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c: kt hp trong qu trnh ging dy bi mi

3. Bi mi:
Hot ng ca thy v
tr

Hot ng 1.
Phiu hc tp s 1.
- S oxi ho l g ?
S kh l g?
- Cht oxi ho l g?
cht kh l g?
- Phn ng oxi ho kh
l g?
- Lm bi tp 4 SGK.

Ni dung
I Kin thc cn nm vng

A. Phn ng oxi ho kh
1. S oxi ho l s nhng e, l s tng s oxi
ho.
S kh l s thu e, l s gim s oxi ho.
2. S oxi ho v s kh l 2 qu trnh c
bn cht tri ngc nhau nhng xy ra ng
thi trong mt phn ng. l p oxi ho kh.
3.cht kh l cht nhng e, l cht cha
nguyn t c s oxi ho tng sau phn ng.
Cht oxi ho l cht thu e, l cht cha
nguyn t c s oxi hogim sau phn ng.
4. Phn ng oxi ho kh l phn ng ha hc
trong c s chuyn e gia cc cht p.

Ho hc 10
Trang 59

Hot ng 2.
Phiu hc tp s 2.
- Da vo s oxi ho
ngi ta chia phn ng
ho hc lm my loi?
Cho v d
- Bi tp 1, 2,3 SGK.

Hay :Phn ng oxi ho kh l p trong c

s thay i s oxi ho ca 1 s nguyn t.
Bi 4.
Cu ng:
a, S oxi ho 1 nguyn t l s ly bt e ca
nguyn t , lm cho s oxi ho ca n
tng ln.
c, S kh 1 nguyn t l s thu thm e ca
nguyn t , lm cho s oxi ho ca n
gim xung.
Cu sai:
b, Cht oxi ho l cht thu e, l cht cha
nguyn t m s oxi ho ca n tng ln sau
phn ng.
d, Cht kh l cht thu e, l cht cha
nguyn t m s oxi ho ca n gim xung
sau phn ng.
B. Phn loi phn ng ho hc
Da vo s oxi ho ngi ta chia cc phn ng
ho hc thnh 2 loi:
1. Phn ng oxi ho kh .
2. Phn ng khng thuc loi phn
ng oxi
ho kh.
Bi 1. D . Phn ng trao i
Bi 2. C. Phn ng th trong ho v c
Bi 3. D. x =3

II - Bi tp
Hot ng 3.
Bi 5.
GV t chc cho HS
+2 +4
+5
+5
+4
-3
-3
lm BT5 SGK.
NO , NO2 , N2O5 , HNO3 , HNO2 , NH3 , NH4Cl
(?) Xc nh s oxi
-1
+1
+3
+5
+7
0
ho ca cc nguyn t: HCl, HClO, HClO , HClO , HClO , CaOCl
2
3
4
2
N, Cl, Mn, Cr, S
+4
+7
+6
+2
MnO2, KMnO4, K 2MnO4, MnSO4
+6

+3

+3

K 2Cr2O7, Cr2(SO4)3, Cr2O3

-2 +4

Hot ng 4.
GV t chc cho HS
lm BT6

+4

+6

-2

-1

H2S, SO2, H2SO3, H2SO4, FeS, FeS2

Bi tp 6.
a) Cu +2AgNO3
Cu(NO3)2 +2Ag

Ho hc 10
Trang 60
( ?) Cho bit xy
ra s oxi ho v s
kh cht no trong
cc phn ng th sau

Hot ng 5.
GV t chc cho HS
lm BT7.
(?) Da vo s thay
i s oxi ho, tm
cht oxi ha v cht
kh

Qu tr
nh oxi ho:
Cu
Cu2+ +2e
Qu tr
nh kh: Ag+ +e
Ag
b) Fe +CuSO4
FeSO4 +Cu
Qu tr
nh oxi ho:
Fe
Fe2+ +2e
Qu tr
nh kh:
Cu2+ +2e
Cu
c) 2Na +2H2O
2NaOH +H2

Na+ +e
H2

Qu tr
nh oxi ho:
Na
+
Qu tr
nh kh: 2H +2.1e
Bi tp 7.
0

to

+1 -2

a) 2H2 +O2
2H2O
cht oxi ho: O2
cht kh: H2
+5 -2

to

b) 2KNO3

+3

2KNO2 +O2

+5

cht oxi ho: N

-2

cht kh: O
-3

+3

c) NH4NO2

to

N2 +2H2O

+3

cht oxi ho: N

-3

cht kh: N
0

+3

d) Fe2O3 +2Al

to

+3

2Fe +Al2O3

+3

cht oxi ho: Fe

0

cht kh: Al
4. Cng c : GV nhc li cc kin thc c bn cn nh.
5. Dn d : HS chun b bi tp gi sau luyn tp tip.
-------------------------------------------------Ngy ging: 28-122007
Tit 33

Bi 19. Luyn tp

Phn ng oxi ho - kh (tip)

A Mc tiu:

1. Kin thc:

Ho hc 10
Trang 61
- HS nm vng cc khi nim : S kh, s oxi ho, cht kh, cht oxi
ho v phn ng oxi ho kh trn c s kin thc v cu to nguyn t,
nh lut tun hon, lin kt ho hc v s oxi ho.
- HS vn dng : nhn bit phn ng oxi ho kh, cn bng PTHH ca
phn ng oxi ho kh, phn loi phn ng ho hc.
2. K nng:
- Cng c v pht trin k nng xc nh s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t.
- Cng c v pht trin k nng cn bng PTHH ca phn ng oxi ho
kh bng phng php thng bng e.
- Rn luyn k nng nhn bit phn ng oxi ho kh, cht oxi ho , cht
kh, cht to mi trng cho phn ng.
- Rn luyn k nng gii cc bi tp c tnh ton n gin v phn ng
oxi ho kh.
3. Thi : Tch cc tm hiu kin thc khoa hc.
B chun b

GV: cc bi tp
HS: xem trc bi.
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..

10B9..

10B7..

10B10..

10B8..

10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c: khng

3. Bi mi:

Hot ng ca thy v
tr

Ni dung

Hot ng 1. GV t
Bi 9.
+3
0
0
+8/3
chc cho HS lm BT 9.
to
a)
8Al
+
3Fe
O
4Al
O
+
9Fe
3 4
2 3
( ?) Cn bng cc
+3
0
PTHH ca cc phn
Al
Al +3e x 8
ng oxi ho kh sau
0
+8/3
bng pp thng bng e
x3
3Fe +8e 3Fe
Yu cu HS nhc li :
Cc bc cn bng
phn ng oxi ho kh :
- Xc nh s oxi ho

Ho hc 10
Trang 62
-

Vit qu trnh oxi

ho
v qu trnh kh.
- t cc h s vo
cc
qu trnh oxi ho, qu
trnh kh.
- t h s vo phng
trnh.

+2

+7

b) 10FeSO4 +2KMnO4 +8H2SO4

+3

+2

2Fe

2Fe +2e

+2 -1

x5

+2

+7

Mn +5e

Mn

x2

+3 -2

to

c) 4FeS2 +11O2

+4-2

2Fe2O3 +8SO2

+3

+2

Fe

Fe +1e
x4

+4

-1

2S

2S +2.5e

-2

O2 +2.2e

2O

+5-2

to

d) 2KClO3
+5

-1

x 11
0

2KCl +3O2
-1

Cl

Cl +6e

-2

O2

to

Cl +1e
0

Cl

x2

2O +2.2e
e) 3Cl2 +6KOH

Hot ng 2.
GV t chc cho HS
lm BT10.

+2

+3

5Fe2(SO4)3 +K 2SO4 +2MnSO4 +8H2O

x3
-1

+5

5KCl +KClO3 +3H2O

-1

x5

Cl
+5

Cl +5e

x1

Bi 10.
C th iu ch MgCl2 bng cc phn ng
sau :
- Phn ng ho hp : Mg + Cl2 MgCl2
- Phn ng th : Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2
- Phn ng trao i : BaCl2 +MgSO4 MgCl2
+BaSO4
Bi 11. Chn tng cp cht xy ra phn
ng oxi ho kh :
CuO + H2 Cu + H2O
MnO2 + 4HCl c MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
Bi 12. PTHH ca phn ng :
10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 5Fe2(SO4)3 +
K2SO4 +
to

Hot ng 3.
GV t chc cho HS
lm BT11.

to

to

Hot ng 4.
GV t chc cho HS
lm BT12.

Ho hc 10
Trang 63
( ?) HS c, tm tt
bi

+ 2MnSO4 + 8H2O
1,39
n
FeSO4 .7 H 2 O n FeSO4
0,005mol
278

Theo PTHH trn, ta tnh c s mol KMnO4

l :
n

KMnO4

1n
0,005
FeSO4
0,001mol
5
5

Th tch dd KMnO4 tham gia phn ng l :

V

KMnO4

0,001
0,01l 10ml
0,1

4. Cng c : GV nhc li cc kin thc cn nh trong cc bi tp

5. Dn d : c trc bi thc hnh s 1.
---------------------------------------------------Duyt ca t trng chuyn mn

Ngy ging:
Tit 34

Bi 20. Bi thc hnh s 1

Phn ng oxi ho - kh
A Mc tiu:

- Rn luyn k nng thc hnh th nghim ho hc: lm vic vi dng

c, ho cht ; Quan st cc hin tng ho hc xy ra.
- Vn dng cc kin thc v phn ng oxi ho kh gii thch cc
hin tng xy ra, xc nh vai tr ca tng cht trong phn ng.
B chun b

GV:

1. Dng c:
- ng nghim
- ng ht nh git
- kp ly ho cht
- gi ng nghim
- tha ly ho cht

Ho hc 10
Trang 64
2. Ho cht:
- dung dch H2SO4 long
- dung dch FeSO4
- dung dch KMnO4 long
- dung dch CuSO4
- km vin
- inh st nh, nh sch
HS : - n tp v phn ng oxi ho kh
- Xem trc bi thc hnh
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..

10B9..

10B7..

10B10..

10B8..

10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c:
kim tra s chun b ca hc sinh
3. Bi mi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr

Ni dung

Hot ng 1.
- GV nu nhng th
nghim c
trong bi thc hnh, nhng
iu cn ch khi thc hin
th nghim 3. Biu din cho
HS xem ng tc nh tng
git KMnO4 vo ng nghim
cha dung dch H2SO4 +
FeSO4
- GV nhc li cc yu cu
cn
thc hin trong bui thc
hnh.
- GV chia nhm thc hnh.
Hot ng 2.
Th nghim 1. Phn ng gia kim

Ho hc 10
Trang 65
HS thc hin th nghim 1.
GV lu HS:
+ nn dng dd H2SO4 khong
15%
+ c th tit kim ho cht
bng cch thc hin th
nghim vi lng nh.
GV hng dn HS quan st hin
tng xy ra v gii thch, vit
PTHH ca phn ng.

loi v dung dch axit.

Tin hnh th nghim: nh SGK.
Quan st hin tng xy ra v
gii thch
- Hin tng: c bt kh H2 ni ln
trong ng nghim. Km tan dn
trong dung dch axit.
- PTHH:
0

Zn

+1

(cht kh)

Hot ng 3.
HS thc hin th nghim 2.
Lu HS: dng inh st nh,
c th dng cc on dy
st lm sch.
GV hng dn HS quan st
hin tng xy ra v gii thch,
vit PTHH ca phn ng.

+2

2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
(cht oxi ho)

Th nghim 2. Phn ng gia kim

loi v dung dch mui.
Tin hnh th nghim: nh SGK.
Quan st hin tng xy ra v
gii thch
- Hin tng: lp kim loi Cu c gii
phng ph trn b mt inh st.
Mu xanh ca dung dch Cu nht
dn.
- PTHH:
+2

CuSO4

+ Fe

+2

FeSO4 + Cu

(cht oxi ho) (cht kh)

Hot ng 4.
HS thc hin th nghim 3.
Lu : HS dng ng nh tng
git dd KMnO4 vo ng
nghim cha hn hp H2SO4 +
FeSO4, lc ng nghim nh
v u.
GV hng dn HS quan st hin
tng xy ra v gii thch, vit
PTHH ca phn ng.

Th nghim 3. Phn ng oxi ho kh trong mi trng axit.

Tin hnh th nghim: nh SGK.
Quan st hin tng xy ra v
gii thch
- Hin tng: mu tm ca dung dch
KMnO4 bin mt khi nh tng git
dung dch ny vo dung dch FeSO4
v H2SO4. n khi mu tm ca
KMnO4 khng nht th dng nh
KMnO4.
- PTHH:
+2

+7

10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4

(cht kh) (cht oxi ho)

Ho hc 10
Trang 66
+3

+2

5Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 +

8H2O
4. Cng vic sau bui thc hnh
GV: Nhn xt nh gi kt qu gi thc hnh
HS : Thu dn dng c ho cht, v sinh PTN.
5. Dn d:
o HS v nh vit tng trnh theo mu:
STT

Tn th nghim

Cch tin hnh

th nghim

Hin tng quan

st c

Gii thch kt
qu th nghim

o Chun b n tp hc k 1.
------------------------------------------------------------Ngy ging:
Tit 35

n Tp Hc K 1

A Mc tiu:

- HS bit h thng ho kin thc thuc 4 chng.

- HS hiu v vn dng c cc kin thc v cu to nguyn t , bng
tun hon, nh lut tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc, lin kt ha
hc v phn ng oxi ho kh.
B chun b

GV: s lin h gia kin thc 4 chng.

HS : n kin thc 4 chng u.
C Tin trnh ging dy:

1. n nh t chc:
10B6..

10B9..

10B7..

10B10..

10B8..

10B11..

2. Kim tra bi c:

Ho hc 10
Trang 67
kt hp trong qu trnh n tp
3. Bi mi:
Hot ng ca thy v tr

Hot ng 1.
GV m thoi cng hc sinh
hnh thnh s tng kt
lin h cc kin thc c bn
cn nm vng ca 4 chng.

Ni dung

Ho hc 10
Trang 68
V nguyn t kim loi
V nguyn t phi kim
V nguyn t khhim

Cu hnh e
L p e ngoi c ng
e ho tr

kim loi
phi kim

c ng s e ho tr
xp thnh 1 ct
bng

l p e

c ng s l p e
xp thnh 1 hng

tun
hon

v nguyn t

nguyn t

cc
n vkhi l ng ng.t
khi l ng nguyn t
nguyn t khi
s khi

ht nhn
p,n
in tch ht nhn

nguyn
t
ho
hc

in tch ht nhn
tng dn

bin
i

bin

tun

hon

tun

cu

hon

hnh
e

cc

l p
ngoi
c ng

nguyn t ho hc

tinh th
nguyn t

lin kt
cng
ho tr

cng ho tr

phn ng
oxi ho - kh

lin kt
ho hc

s oxi ho

lin kt
ion

in ho tr

tinh th
ion

cht kh

cht oxi ho

khng thhin
vai tr oxi ho
kh

phn g khng
thuc loi
p oxi ho kh

tnh

bn knh
nguyn t

m in

ho tr

cht
oxit, hidroxit

Ho hc 10
Trang 69
Hot ng 2.
GV t chc cho HS lm cc dng
bi tp.
(?) Khoanh trn vo ch (nu
ng) hoc S (hoc sai).
a) Trong lin kt cng ho tr c
cc, cp e dng chung lch v
pha nguyn t c m in
ln hn
S
b) Lin kt ho hc trong KCl c
hnh thnh bi cp e chung
gia 2 ion K+ v Cl S
(?) Khoanh trn vo 1 trong cc
ch ci A,B,C,D trc cu tr li
ng.
Ht nhn ca nguyn t X c 19p,
ca nguyn t Y c 17p.
a) X v Y c cu hnh e nguyn
t l
A. 1s22s22p63s1 v
1s22s22p63s23p4
B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 v
1s22s22p63s23p5
C. 1s22s22p63s23p5 v
1s22s22p63s2
D. 1s22s22p63s23p1 v
1s22s22p63s23p3
b) X v Y l cc nguyn t:
A. Na v K
B. Cl v S
C. K v Cl
D. S v
Na
c) Lin kt ho hc gia X v Y l
A. lin kt CHT khng cc
B. lin kt CHT c cc
C. lin kt ion
D. c A,B, C u sai
d) S ntron ca X v Y ln lt
l

Dng bi tp v khi nim v

gii thch khi nim v lin
kt ho hc.
a)
b) S

Dng bi tp v quan h s
hiu nguyn t = s p = s e
a)
B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 v
1s22s22p63s23p5
b) C. K v Cl

Dng bi tp xc nh loi
lin kt da vo m
in. Xc nh s n khi bit
s e v nguyn t khi.
c) C. lin kt ion
d) D. 20 v 18

Ho hc 10
Trang 70
A. 17 v 20
B. 19
v 19
C. 18 v 17
D. 20
v 18
(?) Cn bng p oxi ho kh sau
Dng bi tp v phn ng oxi
theo pp thng bng e
ho kh.
+5
-2
0
+2
a) HNO3 + H2S S + NO + H2O
b) Cl2 + KOH KCl + KClO3 + H2O a) 2HNO3 + 3H2S 3S + 2NO +
4H2O
cht oxh: HNO3
cht kh : H2S
+5

+2

-2

N + 3e

x2

S + 2e

x3

-1

+5

b) 3Cl2 +6KOH 5KCl+KClO3

+3H2O
cht oxh: Cl2
cht kh : Cl2
0

Cl + e
0

Cl
Cho 3,6g mt kim loi thuc nhm
IIA tc dng va vi dd HCl thu
c 3,36 lit kh H2 (ktc) v
53,3 g dd A.
a) Xc nh tn kim loi
b) So snh tnh cht ho hc ca
nguyn t ny vi cc nguyn t
xung quanh n trong BTH. Gii
thch.
c) Tnh C% ca dd axit dng.

-1

Cl

x5

+5

Cl + 5e

x1

Dng bi ton v p oxi ho

kh v quy lut bin thin
tnh cht trong BTH.
a)
PTHH: R + 2HCl RCl2 + H2
0,05

0,3

3,36
0,15mol
22,4

khi lng mol ca R =

3,6
24 g
0,15

(Mg)
b) So snh tnh kim loi:
Na > Mg > Al (trong cng chu
k, tnh KL gim)
Be < Mg < Ca (trong cng
nhmA, tnh KL tng).

Ho hc 10
Trang 71
c) lng H2 = 0,3g v s mol HCl
= 0,3mol
theo LBTKL, lng dd HCl l
53,3 + 0,3 3,6 = 50g
C % HCl

0,3.36,5.100%
21,9%
50

4. Cng c:
GV h thng ho ton bi
5. Dn d:
chun b thi hc k 1.
----------------------------------------------------------Tit 36.

Thi kim tra cht lng hc k I

theo ca S gio dc - o to Tuyn Quang
----------------------------------------------------------

H v tn :
Lp
:
im

Bi kim tra 15

Mn : Ho hc
Li ph ca c gio

Em hy khoanh trn vo 1 trong cc ch ci A, B, C, D trc cu tr li

ng !
Cu 1. Pht biu no di y l ng
D.
B. S oxi ho ca cc nguyn t H,
Nguyn t N trong cc phn t
O trong cc phn t sau u
v ion sau u bng -3: NH 3,
bng khng : H2, O2, H2O
NH4+, NO3E.
C. Nguyn t C trong cc phn t
Nguyn t S trong cc phn t
v ion sau u l +4: CO2,
v ion sau u c mc oxi ho
H2CO3, CO32- v CH4
+6: SO3, Al2(SO4)3, H2SO4, SO42Cu 2. S oxi ho ca Fe trong FexOy l
E. +2x
G. +2y/x
F. +2y
H. +2x/y
Cu 3. Trong cc phn ng sau, phn ng no l phn ng oxi ho kh:
E. CaCO3 t CaO + CO2
G. 2Cu(NO3)2 t 2CuO + 4NO2 +
F. 2NaHSO3 t Na2SO3 + H2O +
O2
SO2
H. 2Fe(OH)3 t Fe2O3 + 3H2O
Cu 4. Trong cc phn ng sau, phn ng no khng phi l phn ng oxi ho
- kh
o

Ho hc 10
Trang 72
2SO2 + O2 t 2SO3
BaCl2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 +
H.
F.
2HCl
Cu 5. Trong cc phn ng no di y, HCl ng vai tr cht kh
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
C.
CaO + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O2
A.
t
D. 4HCl +MnO2 MnCl2 +Cl2+
Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2
B.
2H2O
Cu 6. Vai tr ca Cl2 trong phn ng Cl2 + HCl HCl + HClO
B. l cht oxi ho
D. va l cht oxi ho va l cht
C. l cht kh
kh
E. khng th hin vai tr oxi ho
kh
Cu 7. Cho phn ng HNO3 + H2S NO + S + H2O
H s cn bng ca phn ng trn l
B. 2,3,2,3,4
D. 2,2,3,2,4
C. 2,6,2,2,4
E. p s khc
Cu 8. Cho phn ng H2S + 4Cl2 + 4H2O H2SO4 + 8HCl
Cu no sau y din t ng tnh cht ca cc cht phn ng
E. H2S l cht oxi ho, Cl2 l cht
G. Cl2 l cht oxi ho, H2O l cht
kh
kh
F. H2S l cht kh, H2O l cht oxi
H. Cl2 l cht oxi ho, H2S l cht
ho
kh
xt,t
Cu 9. Cho phn ng NH3 + O2 NO + H2O
H s cn bng ca phn ng trn l
E. 2,5,2,3
G. 4,5,4,6
F. 4,5,4,5
H. p n khc
Cu 10. Cho phn ng Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
Trong phn ng ny 1mol Cu
A. nhn 1mol electron
C. nhng 1mol electron
B. nhn 2mol electron
D. nhng 2mol electron
E.

Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu

G.