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Escriba los datos ms importantes en su agenda o libreta de apuntes.

Responda los ejercicios que se proponen.
VERBO "TO BE"
El verbo "to be" en ingls es equivalente a los verbos "ser" y "estar" en castellano. Su
declinacin en el presente del indicativo (simple present) es la siguiente:

Yo soy/estoy
Tu eres/ests
El/ella es/est
Nosotros somos/estamos
Vosotros sois/estis
Ellos/ellas son/estn

Simple Present del verbo "To Be"

I am
You are
He/she/it is
We are
You are
They are

Se suelen utilizar contracciones de estas formas; La forma completa y la contrada

son igualmente correctas, aunque la contrada es algo ms informal.
Afirmativa
forma completa
I am
You are
He / she / it is
We are
You are
They are

forma contrada
Im
youre
hes / shes / its
were
youre
theyre

Negacin (sujeto + verbo + not)

forma completa
forma contrada
I am not
Im not
You are not
you arent
He / she / it is not
he / she / it isnt
We are not
we arent
You are not
you arent
They are not
they arent
Interrogacin (verbo + sujeto)
respuesta breve +
respuesta breve
Am I ...? Yes, I am
No, Im not
Are you...? Yes, you are
No, you arent
Is he / she / it ....? Yes, he/she/it is
No, he/she/it isnt
Are we...? Yes, we are
No, we arent
Are you....? Yes, you are
No, you arent
Are they....? Yes, they are
No, they arent
Ejemplos: Are you a student? Yes, I am.
Is she your friend? Yes, she is.
Are they your classmates? No, they arent.
Su declinacin en tiempo pasado (simple past):
Simple Past del verbo "To Be"
1

Afirmativa

Yo era/estaba (fui/estuve)
Tu eras/estabas (fuiste/estuviste)
El/ella era/estaba (fue/estuvo)
Nosotros ramos/estbamos (fuimos/estuvimos)
Vosotros erais/estabais (fuisteis/estuvisteis)
Ellos/ellas eran/estaban (fueron/estuvieron)
Negacin (sujeto + verbo + not)
forma completa
I was not
You were not
He/she/it was not
We were not
You were not
They were not

I was
You were
He/she/it was
We were
You were
They were

forma contrada
I wasnt
you werent
he/she/it wasnt
we werent
you werent
they werent

Interrogacin (verbo + sujeto)

respuesta breve +
respuesta breve
Was I ...? Yes, I was
No, I wasnt
Were you...? Yes, you were
No, you werent
Was he/she/it ....? Yes, he/she/it was No, he/she/it wasnt
Were we...? Yes, we were
No, we werent
Were you....? Yes, you wer
No, you werent
Were they....? Yes, they were
No, they werent
Ejemplos: Were you a student? Yes, I was.
Was she your friend? Yes, she was.
Were they your classmates? No, they werent.
El verbo "to be" se puede utilizar como un verbo ordinario y en este caso sirve para
dar informacin sobre el sujeto:
I am old.
Yo soy mayor
The car is red.
El coche es rojo
It is cold.
Hace frio (el da est frio)
Tambin se utiliza como verbo auxiliar para formar las formas continuas:
I am running.
Yo estoy corriendo
I was running. Yo estaba corriendo
Y para construir la forma pasiva:
The table is made of wood. La mesa est hecha de madera
Otro uso del verbo "to be" es seguido de infinitivo y se utiliza para dar rdenes de
una manera un tanto impersonal, especialmente con la 3 persona, o tambin para
comunicar un plan:
He is to solve that problem.
They are to help you.
I am to travel next week.
Sombrero
Bufanda
Gabardina
Abrigo

Hat
Scarf
Raincoat
Coat

El debe resolver ese problema

Ellos deben ayudarte
Voy a viajar la prxima semana
VOCABULARIO
Chaleco
Corbata
Camisa
Camiseta

Vest
Tie
Shirt
T-shirt
2

Chaqueta
Guante
Pantalones
Zapato
Bota
Zapatilla
Pijama
Vestido

Jacket
Glove
Pants
Shoe
Boat
Slipper
Pyjamas
Dress

Infinitivo/Presente
To stand
To come up
To wake
To be
To stand
To beat
To become
To happen
To procreate
To begin

VERBOS
Significado
soportar
surgir
despertar
ser / estar
aguantar
golpear
llegar a ser
ocurrir
procrear
empezar

Traje
Ropa interior
Camiseta (interior)
Calzoncillo
Sujetador
Calcetn
Bragas

Suit
Underwear
Vest
Shorts
Bra
Sock
Panties

Forma pasada
stood
came up
woke
was
stood
beat
became
happened
procreated
began

Participio
stood
come up
woke
been
stood
beaten
become
happened
procreated
begun

EJERCICIOS
Verb to be Simple Present
1. Write am, is or are.
1. Mary ...... a teacher.
2. My friends ...... Italian.
3. They ...... doctors.
4. She ...... from Holland.
5. I ...... an engineer.
6. Paul ...... very tall.
7. London ...... the capital of England.
8. We ...... American.
9. Mary and Eve ...... from Russia.
10. Your parents ...... teachers.
2. Write the sentences in exercise 1 in the short form, when possible.
1. Marys a teacher.
6.
2.
7.
3.
8.
4.
9.
5.
10.
3. Write these sentences in the negative (short form).
1. Lukes a student.
..
2. Laura and Gabriel are friends.
..
3. Youre from Spain. ..
4. Hes my neighbour. ..
5. Were Italian. ..
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4. Write am, is or are. Then, write short answers.
1. ...... you a student? ......, ........... 5. ....... you French? ......., .........
3

2. ...... your mother a doctor? ......., ......... 6. ....... your neighbour from Spain?.......
3. ...... your friends nice? ......, ........... 7. ....... it sunny now? ......., .........
4. ...... Dublin in Ireland? ........, ........... 8. ....... Sydney in Australia? ........, .........
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Verb to be Simple Past
1. Complete.
I was
You ......
He ......
She ......
It ......
We were
You .......
They .......
2. Complete with was or were.
1. John ...... at home last week.
2. They ...... at the cinema yesterday.
3. Your parents ...... at the station at nine oclock.
4. Mary ...... in the street this morning.
5. My aunt ...... in hospital yesterday morning.
6. I ...... at school this morning.
7. Jill and Kevin ...... at the zoo las Sunday.
8. We ...... in a Chinese restaurant last night.
3. Write these sentences in the negative form.
1. Mum was at home this
morning. .................................................................................
2. Paul and Mary were in the
shop. .................................................................................
3. His friends were very happy yesterday
afternoon. ......................................................
4. I was late for the
cinema. ............................................................................................
5. We were at home to watch a film on TV. ....................................................................
4. Answer these questions with short answers, as in the example.
1. Were you at home last night? Yes, I was / No, I wasnt
2. Was it hot yesterday? ......................................
3. Were your friends at home last Monday? .....................................
4. Was your father at work this morning? .....................................
5. Were you in class yesterday morning? .....................................
Answers
Exercise 1:
1. is
2. are
3. are
4. is
5. am
6. is
7. is
8. are
9. are
10. are
Exercise 2:
4

2. My friends are Italian

3. Theyre doctors
4. Shes from Holland
5. Im an engineer.
6. Pauls very tall
7. Londons the capital of England.
8. Were American.
9. Mary and Eve are from Russia.
10. Your parents are teachers.
Exercise 3:
1. Lukes not a student
2. Laura and Gabriel arent friends
3. You arent from Spain/Youre not from Spain.
4. He isnt my neighbour/Hes not my neighbour
5. We arent Italian/Were not Italian.
Exercise 4:
1. Are you a student? Yes, I am/no, Im not
2. Is your mother a doctor? Yes, she is/no she isnt
3. Are your friends nice? Yes, they are/no they arent
4. Is Dublin in Ireland? Yes, it is.
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5. Are you French? Yes, I am/no, Im not.
6. Is your neighbour from Spain? Yes he/she is / no, he/she isnt
7. Is it sunny now? Yes, it is / no, it isnt
8. Is Sydney in Australia? Yes, it is.
Answers
Exercise 1:
I was
You were
He was
She was
It was
We were
You were
They were
Exercise 2:
1. John was at home last week.
2. They were at the cinema yesterday.
3. Your parents were at the station at nine oclock.
4. Mary was in the street this morning.
5. My aunt was in hospital yesterday morning.
6. I was at school this morning.
7. Jill and Kevin were at the zoo last Sunday.
8. We were in a Chinese restaurant last night.
Exercise 3:
1. Mum wasnt at home this morning.
2. Paul and Mary werent in the shop.
3. His friends werent very happy yesterday afternoon.
4. I was late for the cinema.
5. We werent at home to watch a film on TV.
Exercise 4:
2. Yes, it was / no, it wasnt
3. Yes, they were / no, they werent
4. Yes, he was / no he wasnt
5. Yes, they were / no, they werent