A.E.

Training Health & Safety

Health & Safety

Why do we need Health and Safety rules, regulations and
procedures, we all know how to look after ourselves at
workdont we?

You would maybe have thought that Health and Safety was
just a matter of common sense, well to prove that it isnt,
take a look at the next few slides

Health & Safety

What is wrong with this photo?

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Health & Safety

And this one?

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Health & Safety

And this one?

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Health & Safety

And this one?

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Health & Safety

And finally this one?

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Health & Safety

Do you still think that Health and Safety

is common sense?

Health & Safety

The Health and Safety rules , regulations and procedures
are released to provide the information on the acceptable
minimum level of common sense and to advise what
procedures people have to follow at their work place to
protect their health at work, because all of us have different
level of common sense.
There are three levels of Health and Safety rules,
regulations and procedures that we are going to examine

Health & Safety

Health & safety rules,
regulations and procedures

H.A.S.A.W.A.
(Health And Safety At Work Act)

E.A.W.R.
(Electricity At Work Regulations)

P.U.W.E.R.
(Provision and Use of Work
Equipment Regulations)

L.O.L.E.R.
(Lifting Operations and
Lifting Equipment Regulations)

R.I.D.D.O.R.
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(Reporting of Incidents,
Diseases and Dangerous
4/5/2013
Occurrences Regulations)

Site Safety
Requirements

Electrical Rules
And Procedures

Site Induction

Risk Assessments/
Method Statements

Company
Procedures

Site Installation
Procedures
Incident Reporting
Procedure

Health & Safety

The previous slide listed some
(but not all!) of the National
Regulations that apply in the
UK, but the UK is not the only
country in the world that has
Health & Safety Regulations.
Every country where we work
will have some sort of National
Legislation and Regulations
related to Health & Safety, and
it is our duty to comply with
them, whatever they may be!

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Health & Safety

The major reasons for any country to invest the time to
produce and enforce Health & Safety regulations and
legislation is to protect the health and safety of personnel
going about their normal every day work.
Health and Safety legislation and regulations are:
o To set a minimum acceptable standard of health and
safety in the workplace.
o Not intended to stop work being done!
o Intended to make those with duties Stop and Think how it
can be done safely.
o Essential to provide a good framework for Health &
Safety in workplaces
Health and Safety legislation and regulations makes safety
everyone's business!
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Health & Safety

The Regulations and Legislation in the UK identifies
duties for both Employers and Employees when it comes
to Health & Safety.
The duties of the Employee are to:
o Ensure your own health & safety
o Ensure the health & safety of others around you
o Co-operate with your employer
o Dont interfere with safety equipment etc.
o Report health & safety problems
o Use equipment safely as trained

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Health & Safety

The duties of the Employer are to:
o Ensure the health & safety of its employees
o Ensure the health & safety of others
o Provide safe systems of work and procedures
o Provide training, supervision etc. for its employees
o Provide a safe workplace and safe equipment, including
any Personal Protective Equipment (P.P.E.) required to
carry out their job
o Provide welfare facilities and first aid cover
o Consult with employees on health & safety matters

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Health & Safety

The hierarchy for health and safety rules and procedures is:
o National Regulations (always must comply)
o Customers Rules and Procedures (if applicable)
o Cummins Rules and Procedures (always must comply)
When we are working on a site and the Customer has their
own safety rules and procedures but they contradict or are
not to the same standard as the Cummins safety rules and
procedures, then we should use the Cummins safety rules
and procedures.
A lot of rules and regulations apply to every single work
activity we get involved with from the design, supply,
installation, commissioning and maintenance of equipment,
to operating office equipment like computers, photocopiers
and even the coffee machines!
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Health & Safety

Whilst the legislation and regulations of the UK are different
to those of other countries around the world, the underlying
philosophies can be found to be the same as the health
and safety rules and procedures found in many other
countries, and are closely mirrored in the Cummins health
and safety rules and procedures which as Cummins
employees we have to comply with!
As a minimum, when we carry out any work on a site
whether that site is owned/controlled by Cummins or not
we must comply with all local and national regulations,
rules and procedures that exist in the area where we are.
In addition to the relevant local and national regulations,
rules and procedures, we may also come into contact with
additional rules and procedures that are relevant or
pertinent to the site on which we are working.
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Health & Safety

Some of our Customers will have their own sets of health
and safety rules and procedures, for instance:
o Military Bases
o Data Centres
o Oil Refineries
o Utilities
These types of Customer may have their own sets of health
and safety rules and procedures because they have
specific requirements that are above and beyond the
national regulations due to the nature of their sites.
Where we have to work on these types of sites we must
comply with these requirements as well as the relevant
national regulations.
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Health & Safety

When we carry out any work on a site whether that site is
owned/controlled by Cummins or not we must also
comply with the Cummins corporate rules and procedures.
CPGK has rules, procedures and guidelines covering:
o Electrical Health and Safety
o General Site Health and Safety
o Equipment Lifting
o General Work Instructions
Whenever we are carrying out any work on a site, if the
Customer does not have their own specific health and
safety rules and procedures, then we shall utilise the
Cummins health and safety rules, procedures and
guidelines.
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Health & Safety

For instance, when carrying out any electrical work on a
site whether that involves installing, commissioning,
maintaining or decommissioning a single generating set or
a complete power station we have to comply with the
Cummins Electrical Health & Safety Rules and Procedures.
This means complying with the rules and procedures,
carrying out work under the control of Permits to Work,
utilising Lock Out/Tag Out (L.O.T.O.) procedures, using
Switching Programmes when isolating equipment etc.
Therefore any person who undertakes site work for
Cummins must participate in the CPGK Electrical Health &
Safety Rules and Procedure training course, and must be
authorised by Cummins to undertake the necessary work.

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Health & Safety

But why are there so many health and safety regulations,
rules and procedures that we must follow?
As we identified earlier in this presentation, the requirement
to have health and safety regulations, rules and procedures
is so that we can ensure our own personal health and
safety as well as the health and safety of those working
along side us.
We can ensure our own safety and that of others by
ensuring that we carry out all of our work tasks in a safe
manner so as to avoid, as far as possible, accidents as
accidents essentially affect our health and our safety.

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Health & Safety

There are really only two causes of accidents:
UNSAFE ACTS

UNSAFE CONDITIONS

o Standing on the top step of a

step ladder

o Unstable or dangerous working

platform

o Removing guards from

machines

o Dangerous machinery

o Materials and trip hazards on

floor
o Leaving materials on the floor of
a corridor
o Blocked access routes and
o Blocking a doorway or escape
route
o Not wearing correct P.P.E.
o Putting chemicals in unmarked
containers

exits
o Excessive noise levels, or dust
in air etc.
o Overcrowding

o External factors such as

weather etc.
o Using machines or tools without
training
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Health & Safety

Whilst there may be only two main reasons why accidents
occur, there are many different factors that may contribute
to an injury or incident occurring:
o Design factors e.g. Inadequate machine guarding, high
noise, poorly located controls
o Management factors e.g. Failing to correct conditions or
practice, that may result in an injury
o Environmental factors e.g. Heat, fumes, inadequate
lighting
o Behavioural factors e.g. Failure to follow correct work
procedures or use of P.P.E.

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Health & Safety

Analysis has shown that in general 75% of accidents are
deemed as being Foreseeable, and if they are foreseeable
- then they are Preventable!
Some accidents can be easily prevented such as keeping
corridors and exit routes clear, cleaning up liquid spills if
you make one, etc., but what about the more unusual
tasks that you do not do everyday, or the more dangerous
tasks that you have to undertake as part of your day to day
job how can you minimise the chances of those tasks
turning into accidents?

RISK ASSESSMENTS and METHOD STATEMENTS!

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Health & Safety

What is a Risk Assessment and how do you carry one out?

What is a Method Statement and what is its function?

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Health & Safety

Definition:
Risk Assessment: (n) A formalised analysis undertaken
to ensure that all risks and hazards associated with a
particular job of work to be carried out are identified
and assessed using set criteria, which allows the risks to
be ranked and control measures designed to eliminate the
risk to be implemented, or if elimination is not possible then
at least to severely reduce the effects of the risk.
To accomplish this, a Risk Assessment Matrix is used to
ascertain the Consequence and Probability of injury
occurring when a person is exposed to the identified
hazard.
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Health & Safety

CONSEQUENCE
What are the possible consequences resulting from exposure to
the particular hazard?
The consequences considered would be the severity of any likely
personal injury to somebody being exposed to the hazard and also the
possibility of damage to equipment which could create other hazards.
It should be noted that the consequences of the identified hazard do
not change even when the probability has changed as a result of
control measures implemented.
PROBABILITY
What is the likelihood of harm occurring when exposed to the
risk?
The probability of an identified hazard occurring can change with the
implementation of the correct control measure.
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Health & Safety

By utilising a Risk Assessment Matrix, it is possible to identify a Risk
Assessment Rating for each task to be undertaken, the value of which
determines whether measures need to be taken in order to reduce the
probability of the risk occurring (reducing the Risk Assessment Rating),
or whether the risk is too great to undertake the task in question in the
manner being considered thus requiring an alternative approach to be
considered to achieve the desired result.
Note: There are numerous different types of Risk Assessment Matrix
that could be used to carry out this analysis we shall now examine
one example of a possible Risk Assessment Matrix, but different types
of Risk Assessment Matrix will operate in different ways, but should
give the same results in respect of what measures need to be taken, if
any, to reduce or mitigate the risk.

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Health & Safety

The table to the right
shows a typical Risk
Assessment Matrix.
The Probability across
the top of the table is
rated from A to E, with
A meaning an almost
certain probability of
something
happening,
and E meaning a very
unlikely probability of
something happening.
The Consequences
down the side of the table is rated from 1 to 5 with 1 meaning the
consequences of something happening result in a fatality, and 5
meaning the consequences result only in minor first aid being required.
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Health & Safety

Risk Assessment Rating of 1 to 3:
The risk is classified as Unacceptable and requires immediate action to either
reduce the consequences of exposure to the hazard or reduce the probability of
the hazard occurring.
Risk Assessment Rating of 4 to 11:
The risk is classified as Very Likely and requires immediate action to either
reduce the consequences of exposure to the hazard or reduce the probability of
the hazard occurring.
Risk Assessment Rating of 12 to 19:
The risk is classified as Unlikely and requires suitable warning notices to be
posted at suitable locations. All personnel who could be affected by the hazard
should also be informed of the hazard to ensure correct safety procedures are
always followed and correct P.P.E. is used.
Risk Assessment Rating of 20 to 25:
The risk is classified as Low Risk and requires monitoring to ensure that all
safety procedures are being adhered to and that the probability or
consequences do not increase.
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Health & Safety

In addition to Consequence and Probability, one further parameter
should be considered when classifying risks and this relates to
Exposure which when considered may impose or modify any
contemplated control measures.
EXPOSURE
How often are individuals exposed to the risk?
Some hazards identified may have only limited consequences if the
employee were exposed to them only once, but continued repeated
exposure may require a different approach to be considered.

Once the risk has been assessed, a strategy must be identified and
implemented to eliminate, reduce or control the risk of the identified
hazard occurring.

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Health & Safety

The Hierarchy of Controls must be followed when determining the best
method to eliminate, reduce or control the risk which is as follows:
Elimination:

Can the risk be eliminated altogether?

Isolation:

Can the hazard be isolated?

Substitution:

Can the hazard be substituted by one that would

present a lower risk?

Engineering:

Can the risk be enclosed, guarded or modified to

reduce the risk?

Administration: Can procedures, signs, training be used to reduce the

risk?
P.P.E.:

Can additional items of personal protection equipment

be issued to relevant personnel to guard against
personal injury?

In most instances there will need to be a combination of more than one

of the above control strategies.
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Health & Safety

A revised Risk Assessment Rating should to be determined following
the identification of the control strategy/strategies, and should be
compared to the initial Risk Assessment Rating.
The numerical value of the revised Risk Assessment Rating should
increase when the control is applied due to the lessening of the
probability of the identified hazard occurring (as has been pointed
about before, the consequences of the identified hazard do not
change even when the probability has changed as a result of control
measures implemented).
If the numerical value of the revised Risk Assessment Rating does not
increase, it means that the probability of the identified hazard occurring
has not been reduced and therefore an alternative control
strategy/strategies should be investigated until an increase in the Risk
Assessment Rating is achieved.
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Health & Safety

Having determined the Risk of undertaking the relevant
work activity is acceptable, it is necessary to develop a
Method Statement.
A Method Statement as its name implies, is a document
that identifies in detail exactly how the work activity is going
to be completed including step by step descriptions of
every stage of the work activity, including where necessary
additional safety precautions that require to be taken such
as additional P.P.E., barriers to be placed around the work
area, additional team members for watching or buddy
duties, etc.
The Method Statement must be approved before the work
activity can start and must followed without deviation when
the work activity is carried out.
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Health & Safety

But what happens when something goes wrong what
happens when an incident occurs or somebody does have
an accident or a near miss?

Cummins has a dedicated global team of Health & Safety

professionals who are trained to handle major incidents,
accidents as well as near misses all major incidents must
be reported using the Reporting Guidelines For Major
Injuries and Dangerous Occurrences.
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Health & Safety

Cummins sites, including remote power station sites and
Cummins personnel working on non-Cummins owned sites
are required to report ALL major injuries and dangerous
incidents within 24 hours of an occurrence, using UK
RIDDOR criteria.
Reports should include a summary, immediate response
and short-term actions taken.
The Site Leader will then present a summary report to CMI
senior leadership.
But when do I need to make a report?...

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Health & Safety

Death or Major Injury
If there is an accident connected with work AND:
An employee, or a self-employed person working on your
premises is killed or suffers a major injury (including as a result
of physical violence), or; a member of the public is killed or taken
to hospital. If this happens then
- Within 1 hour, you must notify your BU Safety Functional
Excellence Leader, who will direct you as to the next steps to
take. Notify the enforcing authority as required by local
regulation. They will ask for brief details about your business,
the injured person and the accident.
- Within 7 days the Fast Track Communication must be
submitted and within 14 days a report following the Major
Injury reporting template must be submitted.
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Health & Safety

As part of the Fast Track Communication and the Major
Injury Report, analyses into the causes of the incident or
accident are undertaken utilising as applicable the 7 Step
and the 5 Whys analysis techniques.
The Fast Track Communications are also distributed by the
BU Safety Functional Excellence Leader to all Health &
Safety leaders, site and business managers etc. in order
that the lessons learned from the incident are passed on to
all site to try to ensure that the same incident or accident
does not happen again.
If you are in doubt of anything related to health and safety
and how to work safely, contact your relevant Health &
Safety Leader.
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Any Questions?

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