Us Geological Survey Petrobanla

U.S.
Geological SurveyPetroBangla
Cooperative Assessment of Undiscovered
Natural Gas Resources of Bangladesh
By USGS-Bangladesh Gas Assessment Team
Petroleum Systems and Related Geologic

Studies in Region 8, South Asia
Edited by Craig J. Wandrey
U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2208-A
The Bangladesh gas resource assessment was conducted under the purview of the
Participating Agency Service Agreement (PASA) signed between USAID and the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE)PASA No. 388-P-00-99-00026. The 2-year agreement
expires on August 19, 2001.
The PASA provides for assistance to the Natural Gas Sector pursuant to which the
resource assessment was jointly carried out. PASA also envisages transfer of new
technology, modeling practices, and geoscience theory from existing and established
programs in the United States to the Government of Bangladesh, Petrobangla, and
Bangladesh academia.
In preparation for the cooperative assessment effort, Bangladesh geoscientists
received training and familiarization from the U.S. Geological Survey in world
resource assessment methodology.
U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

Gale A. Norton, Secretary
U.S. Geological Survey
Charles G. Groat, Director
Posted online June 2001, version 1.0
This publication is only available online at:

http://geology.cr.usgs.gov/pub/bulletins/b2208-a/
Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication

is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. Government
Manuscript approved for publication June 18, 2001

Published in the Central Region, Denver, Colorado
Editing, layout, and photocompositionRichard W. Scott, Jr.
Graphics by the authors
III
Contents
Part IOverview .......................................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1
Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................... 2
Assessment of Gas Resources of Bangladesh............................................................................... 2
General Geology ......................................................................................................................... 2
The Tertiary Composite Total Petroleum System................................................................... 2
Assessment Units ....................................................................................................................... 3
Part IIAssessment Unit Descriptions.................................................................................................... 6
Bang0101: Surma Basin Assessment Unit....................................................................................... 6
Bang0102: Eastern Extremely Folded Assessment Unit ................................................................ 6
Bang0103: High-Amplitude Faulted Anticlines Assessment Unit ................................................ 7
Bang0104: Moderately Folded Anticlines Assessment Unit......................................................... 7
Bang0105: Western Slope Assessment Unit ................................................................................... 8
Bang0106: Western Platform Assessment Unit .............................................................................. 8
Perspective of the Assessment.................................................................................................................. 9
References Cited .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Addendum 1 ................................................................................................................................................. 10
Assessment Results Summary ........................................................................................................ 10
Assessment Unit Bang0101, Surma Basin, Monte Carlo Results .............................................. 12
Assessment Unit Bang0102, Eastern Extremely Folded Belt, Monte Carlo Results ............... 20
Assessment Unit Bang0103, High-Amplitude Faulted Anticlines, Monte Carlo Results........ 32
Assessment Unit Bang0104, Moderatley Folded Anticlines, Monte Carlo Results ................ 40
Assessment Unit Bang0105, Western Slope, Monte Carlo Results........................................... 48
Assessment Unit Bang0106, Western Platform, Monte Carlo Results...................................... 60
Addendum 2 ................................................................................................................................................. 72
Assessment Unit Bang0101, Surma Basin, Seventh Approximation Data Form ..................... 72
Assessment Unit Bang0102, Eastern Extremely Folded Belt, Seventh
Approximation Data Form ................................................................................................... 75
Assessment Unit Bang0103, High-Amplitude Faulted Anticlines, Seventh
Assessment Unit Bang0104, Moderately Folded Anticlines, Seventh
Assessment Unit Bang0105, Western Slope, Seventh Approximation Data Form.................. 84
Assessment Unit Bang0106, Western Platform, Seventh Approximation Data Form............. 87
Assessment Unit Bang0101, Surma Basin, Known Data............................................................. 90
Assessment Unit Bang0104, Moderately Folded Anticlines, Known Data............................. 105
IV
Figures
1.
2.
Generalized geologic map of Bangladesh and adjacent areas............................................ 3

Estimates of undiscovered natural gas resources of Bangladesh ...................................... 4
Table
1.
Stratigraphic nomenclature of Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in

eastern India and Bangladesh ................................................................................................... 5
Contributors to This Report

USGSBangladesh Gas Assessment Team
PetroBangla
USGS
M. Ismail
Quazi Shahidur Rahman
Muhammad Imaduddin
Humayun Ashraf
Khondaker Shahjahan
Mizanur Rahman
Yousuf Ali Talukder
Thomas S. Ahlbrandt
Ronald R. Charpentier
Timothy R. Klett
Christopher J. Schenk
James W. Schmoker
Gregory F. Ulmishek
Assessor
Robert C. Milici
Other Contributors
Central Region Energy Team

Gene Whitney, Chief Scientist
Regional Coordinator
Craig J. Wandrey
Assessment Meeting Recorder/Graphics

Susan M. Walden
Geologist
Peter D. Warwick
GIS Specialist
Feliks Persits
Graphics Specialist
Margarita Zyrianova
U.S. Geological SurveyPetroBangla

Cooperative Assessment of Undiscovered
Natural Gas Resources of Bangladesh
By USGS-Bangladesh Gas Assessment Team
Part IOverview
Introduction
A natural gas assessment of the country of Bangladesh
was conducted after a 21-month study performed by the U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS) and funded by the U.S. Agency
for International Development. This project culminated in an
assessment meeting that was held in Denver, Colo., from January 16 to January 26, 2001. The assessment team consisted
of six geologists from the USGSs World Energy Resource
Assessment Team and seven geologists, geophysicists, geochemists, and a petroleum engineer from Petrobangla. A
regional assessment geologist from the USGS assigned to Bangladesh presented the geological and geophysical data needed
for the formal assessment. International oil companies were
invited to present geological background and assessment information and included Unocal Corporation, Shell Bangladesh,
and Cairn Energy PLC. The goal was to assess the technically
recoverable undiscovered gas resources of Bangladesh that
might be found in a 30-year period (20002030).
The methodology used was that of the U.S. Geological
Survey World Energy Assessment Team (2000) and is
described in detail in that publication. This methodology has
been used in assessments throughout the world. It has been
reviewed extensively and formally endorsed by the American
Association of Petroleum Geologists.
The USGS periodically conducts geologically based
assessments of hydrocarbon resources of the United States and
of the world. As part of the process, regional geologists present
descriptions of the petroleum geology and known hydrocarbon
resources of the region to be assessed to the assessment team.
This information is used to identify and describe total petroleum systems (TPS) within the assessed region. As far as possible, total petroleum systems encompass the natural process
that begins with the generation of hydrocarbons from kerogenrich source rocks, is followed by the migration of hydrocarbons from their source area, and ends with their entrapment
within reservoir rocks beneath relatively impervious seals. The
area (or country) in which that total petroleum system is active

is then divided into assessment units (AU). Assessment units
are areas of specific geological terrain and hydrocarbon development within a given total petroleum system. Available historical oil and gas production data from existing wells and
fields and information on discovered prospects and leads are
then allocated to each AU. The AU is characterized as to
type of hydrocarbonin this case gas rather than oilthe
minimum field size to be assessed (42 billion cubic feet of
gas (BCFG) for Bangladesh), the number of discovered fields
exceeding the minimum size, and the median size of discovered gas fields. Geologic elements may be risked only when
no fields of the minimum field size have been discovered
within an AU. In such a hypothetical AU, assessment unit geologic risk probabilities are determined for adequate petroleum
charge, reservoirs, traps, and sealsthe timing of geologic
events must be such that traps form in time to intercept migrating gases. These probabilities are multiplied together to determine the geological risk for an accumulation of one deposit
equal to or greater than the minimum field size. If there is no
risk that one field of minimum size will be discovered, the risk
is 1. Accessibility is also risked to account for the possibility
of adequate locations to allow for exploration for a field equal
to or greater than the minimum field size to be found within
a 30-year time frame.
Utilizing these data, their understanding of the geology
and hydrocarbon potential of each AU, and their combined
knowledge of world petroleum resources and geology of
hydrocarbon accumulations worldwide, the assessment team
conducts an iterative analysis of each AU until they reach
a consensus on the ranges of the numbers and sizes of undiscovered fields (minimum, median, maximum) in that unit.
These data are input onto a seventh approximation data form
(Schmoker and Klett, 1999) and then into a computer program
(EMC2, Charpentier and others, 2000) that generates probabilistic forecasts of the undiscovered resources contained within
the AU, such as the amount of gas in gas fields, or oil in oil
fields, and their coproducts.
Ratios of liquids to gasand ancillary data such as the
composition of the gas or oil, drilling depths, and depths of
water (if offshore)are entered onto the form, and allocations
1
Petroleum Systems and Related Geologic Studies in Region 8, South Asia
are made as to the location of the resource; in this case,

onshore vs. offshore. In this study, these data are used to
calculate undiscovered resources of natural gas liquids and to
allocate those resources to the onshore and offshore portions
of Bangladesh. Data used in this study reflect known field size
data provided by Petrobangla, and these fields were not grown
in this analysis. Only undiscovered technically recoverable
resources were estimated in this study.
In order to organize, catalog, spatially display, and query
the large variety and quantities of data collected for this assessment a geographic information system (GIS) was developed.
The GIS contained cultural, stratigraphic, structural, magnetic,
gravity, reservoir, well, field, production, and seismic data. The
ability to interactively query, spatially display, and compare
relevant information during the assessment greatly enhanced
the assessment process. The GIS now provides a documented
digital database on which the Government of Bangladesh and
Petrobangla can build for future assessments.
Acknowledgments
Additional data was provided by independent oil companies (IOCs) operating in Bangladesh. These IOCs were
Unocal Corporation, Shell Bangladesh, Carin PLC, and Haliburton.
Assessment of Gas Resources of Bangladesh

General Geology
Previously, the USGS had conducted an assessment of
the Ganges-Brahmaputra Province, including parts of India
and Myanmar and almost all of Bangladesh, as documented
in the World Petroleum Assessment 2000. (U.S. Geological
Survey World Energy Assessment Team, 2000). The current
assessment reflects new information for the time period 1995
to 2000 and utilizes considerable proprietary data for this new
Petrobangla/USGS country-level assessment.
The petroleum geology of Bangladesh may be traced back
in time to the latest Paleozoic (350 million years ago) when
the ancient continent of Pangea broke apart and fragments
of the Earths crust began to migrate northward toward an ultimate collision with the southern portion of Asia. One of these
lithospheric fragments, the Indian subcontinent, continued to
drift throughout almost all of the Mesozoic and into the early
Cenozoic before collision with southern Asia closed the ancient
ocean on the north of the Indian subcontinent and drove up the
Himalaya Mountain chain. At the same time, collision, subduction, and compressional forces formed the mountainous regions
in Myanmar to the east and produced the geoanticlinorium of
the Arakan Yoma in adjacent Myanmar and eastern India. These
recently uplifted highlands to the north and east, as well as
the ancient land mass of India on the west, were subsequently
eroded and shed sediment into the deep basin to the east, south,
and west into the area currently underlying the great GangesBrahmaputra delta. The sediments of the Ganges-Brahmaputra
delta underlie almost all of Bangladesh, parts of eastern India,
and West Bengal, India. Total sedimentary thickness in Bangladesh is unknown but probably exceeds 20,000 m in the area
of the Surma Basin and in the southern part of the GangesBrahmaputra delta (fig. 1). This thick pile of sediments overlies
the deeply buried crust of the ancient Indian subcontinent on
the west and now deeply buried oceanic crust on the east. On
the east, where the oceanic crust beneath the delta is being
subducted into the Earth beneath the Burma plate, the overlying
sediments are being scraped off into a series of elongate, gentle
to complexly faulted folds.
The Tertiary Composite Total Petroleum System

Although the petroleum geology and hydrocarbon potential of the delta is not well understood and exploration for
hydrocarbons is in its early stage in this region, the elements
of one or more potential total petroleum systems have been
identified within the deltaic sediments. Possible source rocks,
strata with greater than 0.5 percent total organic carbon,
have been identified in western Bangladesh and West Bengal,
India, in the area occupied by the Surma Basin, and in the
greater part of the subaerial delta and offshore regions in
southern Bangladesh (Shamsuddin and Abdullah, 1977; Hajra
and others, 1977, Bangladesh Oil Gas and Mineral Corporation, 1986). Sandstone reservoir rocks with high porosity (as
much as 30 percent) are overlain by, and in places surrounded
by, relatively impervious shale beds that seal gaseous and
liquid hydrocarbons within traps and prevent them from escaping to the surface. Buried deeply in the subsurface, source
rocks have been generating hydrocarbons almost since the
formation of the delta.
The eastern fold belt, known as the Chittagong-Tripura
fold belt, contains large anticlinal folds that serve as traps for
hydrocarbons within the Surma Basin and throughout much
of eastern Bangladesh. These geologic structures have been
forming for the last 5 million years, more or less, and thus far
have proved to contain the largest gas fields in Bangladesh.
Other traps abound and include a wide variety of stratigraphic
traps and combinations of structural and stratigraphic traps.
Extensional faulting and roll-over anticlines are a dominant
structural trap in many of the worlds deltas and, given the
high sedimentation rates of the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta,
are certain to be an important type of trap in Bangladesh.
Migration pathways from source rocks to reservoirs apparently
occur along deep-seated steeply dipping to vertical faults, and
laterally along porous zones within subhorizontal to gently
dipping strata.
In summary, although total petroleum systems are clearly
working in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta to produce hydrocarbons and transport them from their source rocks into sealed
reservoirs, there is not yet enough data to correlate hydrocar-
U.S. Geological SurveyPetroBangla Cooperative Assessment of Undiscovered Natural Gas Resources of Bangladesh
HIMALAYA
AM
ASS
R
E
UPP
MOUNTAINS
GA
NA
FOREDEEP
HIMALAYAN
pC
OF D
pC
ELTA
Tpal
HIG
H
BANGLADESH
bg
SH
EL
INDIA
Teomp
INDIA
MZ
FOLD BELT
HI
- 600
WEST BENGAL
sa
kt
PATUAKHALL
0
00 0
- 8 000
-1
- 20000
00
40
-1
880
SEDIMENT THICKNESS
- 14000
BURMA
- 18000
60
-1
20
00
00
DEPRESSION
-1
100 KM
sh
NG
sm
Teomp
920
900
GAS FIELD
MZ
BURMA
UR
I
SHIELD
ALL
-TR
IP
CENTRAL
TAN
G
YOMA
I N D I A N RAJ
TRP
-1400
0
SYLHE
T
TR.
-16
000
ARAKAN
0
-200
-4000
BASIN
EDG
E
SU
TU
RE
pC
24
22
MZ
THRUST FAULT
ANTICLINE
GAS TEST
Figure 1. Generalized geologic map of Bangladesh and adjacent areas. Surma Basin is same as Sylhet
Trough. Adapted from Shamsuddin and Abdullah (1997).
bons in reservoirs with their specific source rocks, although a

deep Oligocene formation appears to be the most likely source
rock. The total petroleum system within this great Tertiary
delta is treated as a single composite total petroleum system
(TPS), the Bang01 Tertiary Composite total petroleum system.
The nomenclature, coding system and supporting analytical
database follows procedures formally described in the USGS
World Petroleum 2000 (U.S. Geological Survey World Energy
Assessment Team, 2000).
Assessment Units
The USGS-Bangladesh Gas Assessment Team divided the
country into six assessment units, based to a large degree their
geological structural attributes. These are: Bang0101 Surma

Basin assessment unit; Bang0102 Easternmost Extremely
Folded assessment unit; Bang0103 High-Amplitude Faulted
Anticlines assessment unit; Bang0104 Moderately Folded Anticlines assessment unit; Bang0105 Western Slope assessment
unit; and Bang0106 Western Platform assessment unit (fig. 2).
The first pages of Addendum 1 show assessment summary
results for the onshore region, offshore region, and the grand
total for all of Bangladesh. The assessment results summary by
assessment unit shows, in more detail, resources allocated to
onshore and offshore areas as appropriate. In this assessment,
offshore areas out to a depth of water of approximately 200 m
were assessed. Graphical summaries of assessment results for
each AU are shown in Addendum 1, and input data utilized in
the probabilistic assessment process are shown in Addendum 2.
Bangladesh Country Assessment (TPS)
0.4 TCF
(0.1 - 0.7)
32.1 TCF
(8.4 - 65.7)
8.1 TCF
(1.8 - 18.1)
Onshore
_ 200m water depths)

Offshore (<
23.3 TCF
(6.0 - 48.3)
8.8 TCF
(2.4 - 17.4)
Total Petroleum System (Bangladesh)

BANG01 Tertiary Composite
2.9 TCF
(0.5 - 6.5)
19 TCF
(6.1 - 36.2)
0.5 TCF
(0.2 - 0.9)
1.8 TCF
(0.5 - 3.5)
Assessment Units (Bangladesh)

BANG0101 Surma Basin
BANG0102 Easternmost Extremely Folded Belt
BANG0103 High Amplitude Faulted Anticlines
BANG0104 Moderately Folded Anticlines
BANG0105 Western Slope
BANG0106 Western Platform
Pod of Active Source Rocks (Bangladesh)
Minimum Petroleum System (Bangladesh)
faults (from imagery?)
hinge zone
Wells (Petrobangla, Excel file)
dry
gas & cond prod
gas & cond shut in
gas producing
gas show
gas shut in
Bathymetric Contours
-50 - -1500
Water-Land boundary
land
water
gas, cond, oil, pd

gas, cond, oil, abd
oil & gas shows
oil & gas shut in
oil shows
unidentified
Contry boundary
Outer boundary
Lease blocks
Lakes
Graticule 1 degree grid
Figure 2. Estimates of undiscovered natural gas resources of Bangladesh. Mean estimate shown with F95F5 range shown in parentheses.
Petrobangla/USGS Natural Gas Assessments

of Undiscovered, Conventional Resources
of Bangladesh
SYSTEM
SERIES
Mishra and Singh

(1997)
Age
Ganguly (1997)
Shelf and slope facies Basin facies
Pliocene and
Pleistocene
Late Oligocene to
early Pliocene
TERTIARY
Oligocene
Ranaghat Fm.
Matla Fm.
Debagram Fm.
Pandua Fm.
Diamond Harbour
Fm.
Burdwan Fm.
Pliocene
Miocene
Oligocene
Eocene
Jalangi Fm.
Paleocene
Maastrichtian
CRETACEOUS
Ghatal Fm.
Dhananjaypur Fm.
Archaean
Burdwan
Fm.
Kopili Fm.
Sylhet Ls
Paleocene
Cretaceous
Ghatal
Fm.
Bolpur Fm.
Rajmahal trap
Campanian
Permo-Carb.
Matla Fm.
Jalangi Fm.
(Chera Fm.)
Bolpur Fm.
PermoCarb.
Precambrian
Ranaghat Fm.
Pandua Fm.
Diamond Harbour Fm
Hoogly Fm.
Kalighat Ls.
Eocene
Debagram Fm.
Gondwana
Basement
Surma Basin
U. Dupitila
L. Dupitila
Dupitila Group
Tipam
Group
Surma
Group
Barail
Group
Girujan Clay
Tipam Fm.
Bokabil Fm
Bhuban Fm.
Renji Fm.
Jenam Fm.
Laisong Fm.
Kopili Fm.
Sylhet Ls.
Jaintia
Group
Cherra Fm.
Table 1. Stratigraphic nomenclature of Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in eastern India and Bangladesh.
Part IIAssessment Unit Descriptions

Bang0101: Surma Basin Assessment Unit
The Surma Basin assessment unit is a geophysically and
geologically defined area in northeastern Bangladesh that contains a great thickness of Tertiary sedimentary strata. This
AU is classified as a frontier area, with nine discovered gas
fields that exceed the minimum assessed size of 42 BCFG.
The Surma Basin occurs to the south of the Precambrian Shillong Plateau, a crystalline massif that has been thrust up to
the south along a footwall of Tertiary sedimentary strata. The
basin contains as much as 20,000 m of sedimentary fill and
is characterized by a conspicuous 50-milligal negative gravity
anomaly. In general, the natural gases produced from this AU
contain a greater amount of liquid hydrocarbons than do the
gases produced elsewhere in Bangladesh.
The strata that comprise the explored part of the assessment unit in the Surma Basin range in thickness from about
3,000 to 5,000 m (table 1). In general, their lithologies consist
of deltaic, estuarine, and shallow-marine sandstones, siltstones, and shales that contain abundant plant-derived organic
matter. Potentia- source rocks include shales and carbonaceous shales of Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene age. These
strata generally contain about 0.5 to 3 percent total organic
carbon (TOC), although in places the content of organic
matter may range up to 10.5 percent. Thermal maturation
is sufficient to generate natural gas and natural gas liquids
throughout much of the area. Gas and condensates were generated at maturities equivalent to 1.1 to 1.3 percent vitrinite
reflectance (Ro) and at depths that range from about 6 to
7.5 km (Unocal Corporation, unpub. data). Little oil has been
discovered in a few of the Surma Basin wells. Migration is
generally vertical along fractures and through porous strata.
Hydrocarbon generation commenced a few tens of millions of
years ago and has continued during the formation of the major
anticlinal traps, which began forming only several million
years ago.
Reservoir rocks in the Surma Basin are chiefly Tertiaryage sandstones of the Boka Bil and Bhuban Formations (Miocene) that were deposited in fluvial, deltaic, and estuarine
environments. Porosity generally ranges from 10 to 20 percent.
Reservoir sands range from thick channel-fill and littoral or
marine-bar deposits to sandstones thinly interlaminated with
shale and siltstone that were deposited in tidally influenced
environments.
At the top of the Surma Group (table 1), a widespread
unit, generally known as the upper marine shale (ums), serves
as a regional hydrocarbon seal in the Surma Basin and elsewhere in Bangladesh. The major shale source beds may also
serve as regional seals. In addition to the regionally distributed
shale beds, there are several more locally distributed shale
beds and shale-filled channels in the middle and lower parts
of the Surma Group that support stacked reservoirs in several
of the known fields.
Structural and combination traps of Miocene age occur

along stratigraphic boundaries, in sandstone-filled channel
deposits, and in sandstone beds sealed laterally by shale-filled
channelsthese comprise major traps in the eastern part of the
basin. In general, these sedimentary strata have been folded
into several large-scale anticlines that are unfaulted or slightly
to moderately faulted in the western and central parts of the
basin. Folding and faulting is more intense toward the east
within the Chittagong-Tripura fold belt and becomes progressively less intense to the west, where the folds are more broad
and gentle.
Major field discoveries in this AU include Jalalabad,
Beanibazar, Chhatak, Sylhet, Moulavibazar, Rashidpur, Fenchuganj, Bibiyana, Kailashtila, and Habiganj. Graphical summaries of known fields are shown in Addendum 2.
Bang0102: Eastern Extremely Folded

Assessment Unit
This assessment unit is classified as hypothetical because
hydrocarbons in amounts exceeding the minimum field size
have not been found within it. This AU comprises the easternmost and most tectonically deformed AU in Bangladesh. It
consists of at least 10 major anticlinal structures that bring
strata as old as Miocene to the surface on their crests. The
Tertiary-age stratigraphic units mapped in the tightly folded
anticlinal structures in this area (Alam and others, 1990) are
the same as those recognized in the subsurface of the Surma
Basin. As a result of the intense folding and faulting, the
source rocks and reservoir rocks of the Surma Basin are
exposed at the surface in this area where the anticlines are
breached by erosion. The few wells that have been drilled in
this area tested the upper part of the Surma Group, and all
were plugged and abandoned. The Patiya well near Rangamati,
drilled into the Miocene in 1953 by Pakistan Petroleum, Ltd.,
encountered a show of oil in Miocene strata.
The strata exposed in the anticlinal structures that comprise this assessment unit are about 3,000 m thick (Baqi and
others, 1995) In general, their lithologies consist of basinal
turbidites and deep- to shallow-marine deposits in the lower
part, to shallow-marine and fluvial deposits in the upper
part of the exposed stratigraphic section. Bouma sequences
have been identified in the lower and middle parts of the
exposed stratigraphic section, suggesting deep-water sedimentation, whereas the upper part contains abundant burrows and
shallow-water marine fossils that suggest shallow-water sedimentation. Potential source rocks in the exposed part of the
section include the marine shales and carbonaceous shales of
the Bhuban and Boka Bil Formations (Miocene) and buried
source rocks of Oligocene age. The Miocene-age shale-dominated units may be as much as 500 m thick (Baqi and others,
1995). The presence of hydrocarbons in the region indicates
that thermal maturation is sufficient to generate natural gas and
natural gas liquids throughout much of the area.
Migration is generally vertical along fractures and lateral
through porous strata. Hydrocarbon generation commenced a
few tens of millions of years ago and has continued during
the formation of the major anticlinal traps, which began only
about 5 million years ago. Reservoir rocks in the this AU are
chiefly Tertiary-age sandstones that were deposited in deepto shallow-marine environments, and the seals are the interbedded shale-dominated units that, in places, are as much as 500
m thick. Folded marine sandstone beds, sandstone-filled channel deposits, and sandstone beds sealed laterally by shale-filled
channels of Miocene age constitute potential traps in the Boka
Bil and Bhuban Formations. Because the major structures have
been breached by erosion, likely exploration targets would be
along the noses of major plunging anticlines where the structures descend into the subsurface and on the smaller anticlinal
closures that occur in the synclinal regions between major
breached anticlinal structures.
Bang0103: High-Amplitude Faulted Anticlines

Assessment Unit
This assessment unit is classified as frontier because it has
only one field that exceeds the minimum size of 42 BCFG. The
High-Amplitude Faulted Anticlines assessment unit occupies
the area east of the Moderately Faulted Anticlines assessment
unit and west of the Easternmost Extremely Faulted assessment unit in easternmost Bangladesh. It consists of at least
seven major anticlinal structures that bring strata as old as
Miocene up to the surface in their cores. The Tertiary-age
stratigraphic units mapped in the tightly folded anticlinal structures in this area (Alam and others, 1990) are the same as those
recognized in the subsurface of the Surma Basin. As a result
of the intense folding and faulting, however, the source rocks
and reservoir rocks correlative to those in the Surma Basin
are exposed at the surface in this area where the anticlines
are breached by erosion. The Semutang field is the only field
discovered in this areaby the Pakistan Oil and Gas Development Corporationand it is not producing. Semutang is
located on the plunging nose of an anticline that is breached
at least to the level of the Boka Bil Formation to the north, at
the Indian border. Prospects at Sitakund and Jaldi have yielded
shows of hydrocarbons, and the Haldi prospect was dry.
This assessment unit was separated from Bang0102
because it is not as greatly deformed structurally and contains
a discovered gas field. In general, the petroleum geology of the
two regions is much the same.
Bang0104: Moderately Folded Anticlines

Assessment Unit
This assessment unit is classified as a frontier unit
because it has only nine fields that exceed the minimum size
of 42 BCFG. The Bengal foredeep, the large area generally

to the south of the Surma Basin, is in the more distal region
of the thick Tertiary deltaic deposits of the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta. Overall, the sediments of the AU are as thick as
20,000 m in the Patuakhali depression, a depocenter located
in the southeastern side of the delta (Shamsuddin and Abdullah, 1997; Ganguly, 1997). Like Bang0102 and Bang0103, the
Tertiary and Quaternary strata in this AU are deformed into
a series of plunging folds because of subduction beneath the
Arakan Yoma geoanticlinorium to the east. In this AU, anticlinal structures range from tightly folded, elongate, and faulted
structures on the east to broad, open, relatively unfaulted structures on the west.
The Bengal foredeep contains the great volume of Tertiary sediments of the delta. In general, the basin-fill consists
of sandstones, siltstones, and shales that commonly contain
plant-derived organic matter. The strata that comprise this AU
are more distal equivalents of the Oligocene Barail Group,
the Miocene Surma Group, and the Pliocene Tipam Group in
the Surma Basin and in the folded belts to the east. Current
drilling depths generally range from about 3.5 to 4.5 km in the
southeastern part of the delta.
Cairn Energy and Shell Bangladesh have devised an
informal megasequence classification for the strata in the
southern and offshore regions of Bangladesh. The megasequences are identified on seismic cross sections, and they are
based upon the overall character of their bed forms. In general,
megasequence 1 (MS 1) at the base of seismically imaged
sections consists of major progradational bed forms that are
overlain by generally subhorizontal aggradational bed forms.
These bed forms are overlain by the highly channelized and
canyonized bed forms of megasequence 2 (MS 2). Regionally,
the channel-like bed forms in MS 2 may represent (1) deeply
eroded submarine canyons in the more distal, southern part of
the delta and (2) filled subaerial valleys of much less local
relief in the northern part of the AU and in the adjacent
Surma Basin. The upper part of the section, represented by
megasequence 3 (MS 3), consists also of progradational and
aggradational bed forms generally similar to those of MS 1.
In the nearshore and offshore areas of southeastern Bangladesh, about 1 to 1.5 km of MS 1 are imaged at the base
of the seismic sections, MS 2 is about 2.5 km thick, and MS
3 at the top of the seismic sections may be as thick as 1 km.
The Miocene-Pliocene boundary has been identified as near
the middle of MS 2 using biostratigraphic markers. If this is
correct, then the Tipam and Dupitila Groups in BANG0104 to
the east would be approximately equivalent to MS 2.
Although the source rocks in this area have not been
identified with certainty, they probably contain woody organic
matter in shale, shaly coal beds, and coal from deeper Miocene
and Oligocene source rocks. The stratigraphic positions of
the source beds are uncertain, and the hydrocarbons may be
generated from relatively low concentrations of organic matter
distributed throughout a large volume of sediments. In addition, there is some evidence of potential marine source rocks
and more deeply buried Oligocene source rocks beneath the
levels currently imaged on seismic reflection data. Potential

source rocks from Oligocene to mid-Miocene age are within
or have passed through the main gas-generating window prior
to and during the development of the major anticlines. The
low concentration of liquid hydrocarbons in fields from the
southern limit of the Surma Basin to offshore southeastern
Bangladesh demonstrates that source rocks, wherever they are,
are at an appropriate level of thermal maturation to have generated large amounts of natural gas. Migration pathways are
complex and are generally vertical along faults and fractures
and via gas chimneys, and lateral through porous sandstones.
Overpressured zones at depth may be a control on migration
and may impact seal integrity. Such zones are believed to
have significant future potential for gas resources in Bangladesh. Future discoveries are expected within this overpressured zone, roll-over anticlines in extensional down-to-thebasin structures, and in a great variety of stratigraphic and
combination traps, many near known structures.
Reservoir rocks are in deltaic, littoral, and marine sandstones in the upper part of MS 1 and in the sandstone channelfill deposits of MS 2. Porosity ranges generally from 10 to 25
percent. Evidence from onshore sections to the east indicate
that some of these Tertiary strata may have been deposited as
turbidites in relatively deep water.
Major discoveries in this assessment unit include the following fields: Titas, Bakhrabad, Megna, Narsingdi, Shaldanadi, Kamta, Feni, Shahbazpur, Kutubdia, and Sangu. Data on
those fields are shown in Addendum 2.
Bang0105: Western Slope Assessment Unit

The Western Slope assessment unit occupies the region
between the Moderately Faulted Anticlines assessment unit on
the east and the Western Platform assessment unit on the west.
It is classified as hypothetical because no gas fields larger than
42 BCFG have been found in this sparsely explored area .
Tectonically, the region is generally unfolded, and the major
structures appear to be extensional rather than compressional.
The Tertiary strata of the assessment unit apparently overlie
extended and thinned (transitional) continental crust in the
northern part of the AU, and oceanic crust in nearshore and
offshore regions to the south. All told, the sedimentary strata
in this AU range from about 7 km thick along the edge of
the slope to perhaps several tens of kilometers thick in the
offshore region of Bangladesh. The possibility of deep-marine
sedimentssubmarine fansat the base of prograding clonoforms seaward of a paleo hinge line were also considered in
this AU.
Sedimentary input into this part of the Bengal Basin consists of components from two major source areas, the Precambrian Indian craton on the west and the tectonic highlands of
the Himalayan Mountains and, perhaps, the Arakan Yoma on
the north and east, respectively. Basement east of the Tertiary
shelf edge in Bangladesh most likely consists of Precambrian
igneous and metamorphic rocks that have been intermittently
deformed, extended, and thinned by extensional forces from

the Permian through the Cretaceous. Overlying fine-grained
siliciclastic strata of early Tertiary age, perhaps interbedded
with a few thin limestones, appear to have been deposited
as eastward-prograding wedges along the margin of the northward-drifting subcontinent. As the Indian subcontinent closed
with the southern part of the Asian continent, anoxia may have
developed in the ever-restricted deep basin of the Tethys sea
prior to collision so that oil-prone source rocks developed in
the deep basin to the east of the Tertiary shelf edge. After
collision of the Indian subcontinent with Asia and the development of tectonic highlands to the north and east, these older,
westward-derived strata were covered by the younger Tertiary
and Quaternary clastic deposits of the developing GangesBrahmaputra River system. These younger strata are most
likely direct correlatives with the megasequences described in
the AU to the east. Accordingly, potential source rocks, seals,
and reservoirs are expected to be similar to those in Bang0104.
Some geologic risk of not finding an accumulation greater than
42 BCFG was accommodated because only one unsuccessful
exploratory test has been drilled, and the area is essentially
untested.
This AU has not been compressionally deformed by the
processes of crustal subduction that has deformed easternmost
Bangladesh. Major compressional structures are absent, and
expected structural traps will be related to extensional deformation, where listric down-to-the-basin faults have resulted in
the formation of roll-over anticlines. These extensional faults
may provide vertical migration pathways for hydrocarbons that
matured in more deeply buried source rocks. Stratigraphic
traps are anticipated to be abundant, and charging with hydrocarbons is expected to have occurred early in the depositional
history of this part of the basin as potential source rocks and
porous reservoirs were buried ever more deeply within the
sedimentary basin.
Thus far, this large region of the delta has been little
explored, and no discoveries have been made therein.
Bang0106: Western Platform Assessment Unit

This assessment unit is classified as hypothetical since no
fields have been found that exceed the minimum field size of
42 BCFG. In northwestern Bangladesh, the Western Platform
assessment unit consists of several buried regional geologic
structures. These structures are the eastward-inclined Bogra
shelf of early Tertiary age that is terminated on the east by
a paleo hinge line, a buried structural saddle adjacent to the
Shillong Plateau, and a small area in northwesternmost Bangladesh that dips northwest into the Himalayan foredeep. This
area was assessed collectively as the Western Platform assessment unit. Collectively, the Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata in
this area are about 5 to 7 km thick and consist both of precollisional sequences that were deposited prior to and during
the northward drift of the Indian subcontinent and the postcollisional sequences that were deposited in mid- to late-Ter-
tiary time. As in the previous assessment unit, early Tertiary
strata consist of several hundred meters of siliciclastic and carbonate rock that in places serve as potential source rocks and
reservoirs. Although overlying Tertiary strata are dominated
by sandstones and siltstones of good reservoir quality, the
capacity for seals within these rocks has not been demonstrated. These strata have been drilled in numerous places
in West Bengal, India, and in a few places in western Bangladesh. Although prospects and leads have been identified along
unconformities, in porous limestones, and along extensional
structures, only a few shows of hydrocarbons have been discovered thus far. The most prospective areas of this assessment
unit may be along the shelf edge, where hydrocarbons generated in the adjacent deep basin have migrated upward into
traps to the west. Analogous geologic settings in West Bengal,
India, appear to have a modest hydrocarbon potential.
The Western Platform assessment unit is underlain at
depth by a Permian coal petroleum system, which may contain
coal-bed gas in continuous accumulations within extensional
Gondwana basins. This petroleum system was not assessed in
this study.
Perspective of the Assessment

The six assessment units defined in this study use known
geological and engineering information as a basis for estimating the technically recoverable, conventional, undiscovered gas
resources of Bangladesh. The resource numbers calculated
indicate the range of probable resources that may be discovered if Bangladesh were actively explored during a 30-year
time frame. In places, where detailed geologic information is
lacking in Bangladesh, the assessment team used geological
play types that occur in similar geological provinces elsewhere
in the world as analogs for potential hydrocarbon occurrences
in Bangladesh. In addition to the fairly well understood structural anticlines, which have thus far constituted the main play
in Bangladesh, the assessment team recognized the potential
offered by stratigraphic traps; plays at depth within the highpressure zone; and traps associated with turbidite formations,
carbonate reefs and build-ups, buried hill plays, extensional
down-to-the-basin faults and associated roll-over anticlines,
etc. It is anticipated that, during the next 30 years, each of
these play concepts will be explored and tested, at least to
some extent, so that the hydrocarbon potential of Bangladesh
will be more completely realized.
The assessment team also considered the possible technological advances that may occur within this 30-year time frame
that would allow explorationists to visualize and understand
subsurface accumulations of hydrocarbons better than they do
today. In addition, improvement of production technologies
may well add a considerable volume of already-discovered
hydrocarbons to the recoverable resource base. These projected advances in technology are based upon our past experience in the evolution of technology as we continually increase
our ability to understand the complexities of petroleum geology and to improve our capabilities for exploration and extraction.
The assessment team assumed a minimum field size of 42
BCFG (7 million barrels of oil equivalent (MMBOE)) for this
assessment. This minimum field size is anticipated to become
economic some time in the future if sufficient infrastructure
is constructed.
This country-based study is the first step in a continuous
assessment process that is expected to be replicated and
updated with additional information generated since the previous assessment. With each subsequent assessment, greater
levels of refinement will result in a better level of confidence
and more accurate probability distributions for the remaining
undiscovered gas resources of Bangladesh.
References Cited
Alam, K., Hasan, A.K.M.S., Kahn, M.R., and Whitney, J.W., 1990,
Geological map of Bangladesh: Geological Survey of Bangladesh
Geological Map, scale 1:1,000,000.
Bangladesh Oil Gas and Mineral Corporation, 1986, Habitat of
hydrocarbons in Bangladesh: Report on the Hydrocarbon Habitat
Study (19841986) of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh, v. 1
[text], 192 p. and v. 2 [figures and tables].
Baqi, M.A., Islam, A., and Hossain, A., 1995, Sedimentary structures
of the Waylataung anticline, Bangladesh: Bangladesh Journal of
Geology, v. 14, p. 4352.
Charpentier, R.R., and Klett, T.R., Monte Carlo simulation method,
in World Energy Assessment Team, 2000, U.S. Geological Survey
World Petroleum Assessment 2000Description and Results,
chap. MC: USGS Digital Data Series DDS-60 [multi-disc set],
version 1.0.
Hajra, P.N., Barua, T.K., Guha, S., Rudra, M., Purkait, P.N., and
Battacharya, M., 1997, A geochemical assessment of Bengal Basin:
Indian Journal of Geology, v. 69, no. 2, p. 122145.
Ganguly, S., 1997, Petroleum geology and exploration history of the
Bengal Basin in India and Bangladesh: Indian Journal of Geology,
v. 69, no. 1, p. 125.
Shamsuddin, A.K.M., and Abdullah, S.K.M., 1997, Geologic evolution of
the Bengal Basin and its implication in hydrocarbon exploration in
Bangladesh: Indian Journal of Geology, v. 69, no. 2, p. 93121.
Schmoker, J.W., and Klett, T.R., 1999, U.S. Geological Survey
assessment model for undiscovered conventional oil, gas, and NGL
resourcesThe seventh approximation: U.S. Geological Survey
Bulletin 2165, version 1.0.
World Energy Assessment Team, 2000, U.S. Geological Survey World
Petroleum Assessment 2000Description and Results: USGS
Digital Data Series DDS-60 [multi-disc set], version 1.0.
Undiscovered Resources
MFS
(BCFG)
Prob.
(0-1)
F95
Gas (BCFG)
F50
F5
Mean
NGL (MMBNGL)
F50
F5
F95
Mean
Total: Onshore portions of Bangladesh

Gas Fields
42
1.00
5,989
21,116
48,336
23,339
25
97
265
114
Total: Offshore portions of Bangladesh (to 200 m water depth)

Gas Fields
42
1.00
2,442
8,055
17,367
8,777
16
42
18
8,431
29,171
65,703
32,116
29
113
307
132
Grand Total: Bangladesh

Gas Fields
42
1.00
Code
and Field
Type
10
[BCFG, billion cubic feet of gas. MMBNGL, million barrels of natural gas liquids. MFS, minimum field size assessed (BCFG). Prob., probability (including both
geologic and accessibility probabilities) of at least one field equal to or greater than the MFS. Results shown are fully risked estimates. For gas fields, all liquids are
included under the NGL (natural gas liquids) category. F95 represents a 95 percent chance of at least the amount tabulated. Other fractiles are defined similarly.
Fractiles are additive under the assumption of perfect positive correlation]
Addendum 1
Assessment Results Summary
Petrobangla/USGS Joint Assessment of Gas in Bangladesh

[BCFG, billion cubic feet of gas. MMBNGL, million barrels of natural gas liquids. MFS, minimum field size assessed (BCFG). Prob., probability (including both
geologic and accessibility probabilities) of at least one field equal to or greater than the MFS. Results shown are fully risked estimates. For gas fields, all liquids are
included under the NGL (natural gas liquids) category. F95 represents a 95 percent chance of at least the amount tabulated. Other fractiles are defined similarly.
Fractiles are additive under the assumption of perfect positive correlation]
Code
and Field
Type
Undiscovered Resources
MFS
(BCFG)
Prob.
(0-1)
Gas (BCFG)
F50
F5
F95
Tertiary Composite Total Petroleum System

Surma Basin Assessment Unit
Gas Fields
42
1.00
1,805
Mean
NGL (MMBNGL)
F50
F5
F95
Mean
BANG01
BANG0101
BANG0102
Gas Fields
7,120
18,068
8,140
17
69
189
81
366
868
358
<0.5
<0.5
1,611
3,485
1,762
Moderately Folded Anticlines Assessment Unit (60% allocated to ONSHORE portion)

42
1.00
3,663
10,571
21,728
11,406
21
52
24
Moderately Folded Anticlines Assessment Unit (40% allocated to OFFSHORE portion)

42
1.00
2,442
7,047
14,486
7,604
14
35
16
Western Shelf Assessment Unit (55% allocated to ONSHORE portion)

42
0.90
0
1,233
3,521
1,433
Western Shelf Assessment Unit (45% allocated to OFFSHORE portion)

42
0.90
0
1,008
2,881
1,173
240
Easternmost Extremely Folded Belt Assessment Unit

42
0.70
0
BANG0103
High Amplitude Faulted Anticlines Assessment Unit

Gas Fields
42
1.00
521
BANG0104
Gas Fields
BANG0104
Gas Fields
BANG0105
Gas Fields
BANG0105
Gas Fields
BANG0106
Gas Fields
Western Platform Assessment Unit

42
0.64
215
666
Petrobangla/USGS Joint Assessment of Gas in Bangladesh

11
12
Assessment Unit Bang0101

Surma Basin
Monte Carlo Results
Assessment Unit BANG0101

Surma Basin
Monte Carlo Results
Forecast: Gas in Gas Fields

Summary:
Display range is from 0.00 to 22,500.00 BCFG
Entire range is from 438.77 to 42,121.10 BCFG
After 50,000 trials, the standard error of the mean is 23.11
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Coefficient of Variability
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
8,139.65
7,119.87
--5,168.02
26,708,466.53
1.02
4.08
0.63
438.77
42,121.10
41,682.34
23.11

50,000 Trials
686 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.021
1071
.016
803.2
.011
535.5
.005
267.7
.000
0
0.00
5,625.00
11,250.00
BCFG
16,875.00
22,500.00

Surma Basin
Monte Carlo Results
Forecast: Gas in Gas Fields (cont'd)

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
BCFG
438.77
1,805.33
2,429.61
2,977.54
3,517.21
4,057.01
4,631.82
5,223.53
5,822.78
6,460.90
7,119.87
7,813.64
8,530.25
9,313.89
10,162.64
11,120.65
12,246.29
13,604.86
15,278.96
18,067.89
42,121.10
13
14

Surma Basin
Monte Carlo Results
Forecast: NGL in Gas Fields

Summary:
Display range is from 0.00 to 225.00 MMBNGL
Entire range is from 3.72 to 432.87 MMBNGL
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
81.45
69.14
--55.16
3,042.88
1.22
4.78
0.68
3.72
432.87
429.15
0.25

50,000 Trials
1,091 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.022
1117
.017
837.7
.011
558.5
.006
279.2
.000
0
0.00
56.25
112.50
MMBNGL
168.75
225.00

Surma Basin
Monte Carlo Results
Forecast: NGL in Gas Fields (cont'd)

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
MMBNGL
3.72
16.97
23.07
28.45
33.69
39.09
44.44
50.26
56.18
62.48
69.14
76.15
83.41
91.55
100.38
110.74
122.77
137.63
157.04
188.99
432.87
15
16

Surma Basin
Monte Carlo Results
Forecast: Largest Gas Field

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
2,157.25
1,574.82
--1,823.21
3,324,105.68
1.72
6.01
0.85
56.91
9,988.54
9,931.63
8.15

50,000 Trials
1,659 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.031
1546
.023
.015
773
.008
386.5
.000
0
0.00
1,750.00
3,500.00
BCFG
5,250.00
7,000.00

Surma Basin
Monte Carlo Results
Forecast: Largest Gas Field (cont'd)

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
BCFG
56.91
395.64
536.30
659.93
777.69
891.78
1,012.64
1,140.35
1,272.68
1,417.82
1,574.82
1,749.86
1,944.09
2,169.99
2,447.15
2,778.96
3,220.65
3,778.87
4,663.12
6,181.70
9,988.54
17
18

Surma Basin
Monte Carlo Results
Assumptions
Assumption: Number of Gas Fields

Triangular distribution with parameters:
Minimum
Likeliest
Maximum
7
12
80
Selected range is from 7 to 80

Mean value in simulation was 33
Number of Gas Fields
25
44
62
80
Assumption: Sizes of Gas Fields

Lognormal distribution with parameters:
Mean
222.71
Standard Deviation
908.95
Selected range is from 0.00 to 9,958.00
Mean value in simulation was 203.29
Shifted parameters
264.71
908.95
42.00 to 10,000.00
245.29

Surma Basin
Monte Carlo Results
Assumption: Sizes of Gas Fields (cont'd)

Sizes of Gas Fields
0.33
2,137.63
4,274.93
6,412.23
8,549.53
12.50
15.00
Assumption: LGR in Gas Fields

Minimum
5.00
Likeliest
10.00
Maximum
15.00
Selected range is from 5.00 to 15.00
LGR in Gas Fields
5.00
7.50
End of Assumptions
Simulation started on 1/25/01 at 19:16:10

Simulation stopped on 1/25/01 at 19:39:56
10.00
19
20

Eastern Extremely Folded Belt
Monte Carlo Results

Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
511.82
487.50
--222.76
49,622.89
0.48
2.88
0.44
44.04
1,667.61
1,623.57
1.00

50,000 Trials
396 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.020
1012
.015
759
.010
506
.005
253
.000
0
0.00
275.00
550.00
BCFG
825.00
1,100.00

Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
BCFG
44.04
182.70
238.32
279.55
314.19
344.61
373.81
402.33
430.80
458.35
487.50
517.78
549.40
582.43
619.59
659.93
704.58
757.31
819.56
911.57
1,667.61
21
22

Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
0.54
0.48
--0.30
0.09
1.13
4.62
0.56
0.03
2.36
2.33
0.00

50,000 Trials
461 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.024
1215
.018
911.2
.012
607.5
.006
303.7
.000
0
0.00
0.38
0.75
MMBNGL
1.13
1.50

Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
MMBNGL
0.03
0.17
0.21
0.25
0.29
0.32
0.35
0.38
0.41
0.45
0.48
0.52
0.55
0.60
0.64
0.69
0.76
0.84
0.95
1.13
2.36
23
24

Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Display range is from 25.00 to 275.00 BCFG
Entire range is from 44.04 to 399.48 BCFG
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
119.58
105.04
--53.14
2,823.49
1.78
7.05
0.44
44.04
399.48
355.44
0.24

50,000 Trials
1,111 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.031
1543
.023
.015
771.5
.008
385.7
.000
0
25.00
87.50
150.00
BCFG
212.50
275.00

Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
BCFG
44.04
63.85
70.11
75.06
79.35
83.50
87.58
91.67
95.94
100.33
105.04
110.32
116.15
122.59
130.16
139.33
150.48
165.69
188.34
227.24
399.48
25
26

Monte Carlo Results
Forecast: G-Risked Gas in Gas Fields

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
358.08
365.69
0.00
300.03
90,020.09
0.31
2.16
0.84
0.00
1,667.61
1,667.61
1.34

50,000 Trials
94 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.301
15050
.226
.151
.075
.000
0
0.00
300.00
600.00
BCFG
900.00
1,200.00

Monte Carlo Results
Forecast: G-Risked Gas in Gas Fields (cont'd)

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
BCFG
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
208.54
272.85
322.01
365.69
406.61
446.58
487.48
531.42
578.59
630.81
692.70
764.70
868.50
1,667.61
27
28

Monte Carlo Results
Forecast: G-Risked NGL in Gas Fields

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
0.38
0.34
0.00
0.35
0.13
0.89
3.69
0.94
0.00
2.36
2.36
0.00

50,000 Trials
317 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.301
15050
.226
.151
.075
.000
0
0.00
0.38
0.75
MMBNGL
1.13
1.50

Monte Carlo Results
Forecast: G-Risked NGL in Gas Fields (cont'd)

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
MMBNGL
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.19
0.25
0.30
0.34
0.39
0.43
0.48
0.53
0.59
0.66
0.74
0.86
1.05
2.36
29
30

Monte Carlo Results
Assumptions

Minimum
Likeliest
Maximum
1
6
15

12
15

Mean
28.75
Standard Deviation
35.80
Shifted parameters
70.75
35.80
42.00 to 400.00
70.34

Monte Carlo Results

Sizes of Gas Fields
0.99
82.78
164.56
246.35
328.14
1.63
2.00

Minimum
Likeliest
Maximum
0.50
0.67
2.00

LGR in Gas Fields
0.50
0.88
End of Assumptions

1.25
31
32

High-Amplitude Faulted Anticlines
Monte Carlo Results

Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
1,761.63
1,611.47
--931.80
868,249.45
0.82
3.62
0.53
91.11
6,910.01
6,818.91
4.17

50,000 Trials
429 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.022
1091
.016
818.2
.011
545.5
.005
272.7
.000
0
0.00
1,125.00
2,250.00
BCFG
3,375.00
4,500.00

Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
BCFG
91.11
520.82
685.68
817.15
935.95
1,048.98
1,157.63
1,266.83
1,376.76
1,491.62
1,611.47
1,736.24
1,869.45
2,008.32
2,156.42
2,329.86
2,527.63
2,752.00
3,044.63
3,485.33
6,910.01
33
34

Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
3.72
3.18
--2.38
5.67
1.39
5.77
0.64
0.13
22.39
22.26
0.01

50,000 Trials
1,102 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.022
1114
.017
835.5
.011
557
.006
278.5
.000
0
0.00
2.50
5.00
MMBNGL
7.50
10.00

Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
MMBNGL
0.13
0.93
1.25
1.52
1.75
1.99
2.22
2.45
2.68
2.92
3.18
3.45
3.74
4.07
4.44
4.88
5.38
6.04
6.92
8.37
22.39
35
36

Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
416.79
319.78
--312.71
97,785.84
1.96
7.55
0.75
46.35
1,999.84
1,953.49
1.40

50,000 Trials
1,034 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.036
1790
.027
.018
895
.009
447.5
.000
0
0.00
350.00
700.00
BCFG
1,050.00
1,400.00

Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
BCFG
46.35
118.02
144.31
166.59
187.33
207.46
227.44
248.86
271.13
295.04
319.78
348.86
382.42
419.40
463.96
516.86
585.61
677.52
813.76
1,070.51
1,999.84
37
38

Monte Carlo Results
Assumptions

Minimum
Likeliest
Maximum
2
11
35

10
19
27
35

Mean
72.02
Standard Deviation
170.67
Shifted parameters
114.02
170.67
42.00 to 2,000.00
110.23

Monte Carlo Results

Sizes of Gas Fields
0.45
432.88
865.30
1,297.73
1,730.15
3.25
4.00

Minimum
Likeliest
Maximum
1.00
1.33
4.00

LGR in Gas Fields
1.00
1.75
End of Assumptions

2.50
39
40

Moderately Folded Anticlines
Monte Carlo Results

Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Entire range is from 1,255.51 to 63,464.29 BCFG
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
19,009.71
17,618.55
--9,337.52
87,189,356.52
0.66
3.15
0.49
1,255.51
63,464.29
62,208.78
41.76

50,000 Trials
418 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.021
1036
.016
777
.010
518
.005
259
.000
0
0.00
11,250.00
22,500.00
BCFG
33,750.00
45,000.00

Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
BCFG
1,255.51
6,104.18
7,928.95
9,400.52
10,679.85
11,871.99
12,987.12
14,114.07
15,263.74
16,460.96
17,618.55
18,946.60
20,274.97
21,723.27
23,254.13
24,992.24
26,897.35
29,171.50
32,063.93
36,213.79
63,464.29
41
42

Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
40.10
34.90
--24.37
593.79
1.30
5.30
0.61
1.58
221.24
219.66
0.11

50,000 Trials
830 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.024
1182
.018
886.5
.012
591
.006
295.5
.000
0
0.00
27.50
55.00
MMBNGL
82.50
110.00

Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
MMBNGL
1.58
10.89
14.41
17.23
19.79
22.27
24.68
27.21
29.64
32.28
34.90
37.69
40.66
44.02
47.80
52.17
57.37
64.18
72.82
87.31
221.24
43
44

Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
3,251.36
2,676.94
--2,080.60
4,328,883.48
1.12
3.72
0.64
164.41
9,998.27
9,833.86
9.30

50,000 Trials
951 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.025
1259
.019
944.2
.013
629.5
.006
314.7
.000
0
0.00
2,250.00
4,500.00
BCFG
6,750.00
9,000.00

Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
BCFG
164.41
884.32
1,124.30
1,324.58
1,510.40
1,694.27
1,875.41
2,061.57
2,253.34
2,454.85
2,676.94
2,921.37
3,198.93
3,500.60
3,863.52
4,285.15
4,808.16
5,463.40
6,366.80
7,737.20
9,998.27
45
46

Monte Carlo Results
Assumptions

Minimum
Likeliest
Maximum
12
51
160

12
49
86
123
160

Mean
232.06
Standard Deviation
899.03
Shifted parameters
274.06
899.03
42.00 to 10,000.00
257.43

Monte Carlo Results

Sizes of Gas Fields
0.39
2,143.30
4,286.20
6,429.10
8,572.01
3.25
4.00

Minimum
Likeliest
Maximum
1.00
1.33
4.00

LGR in Gas Fields
1.00
1.75
End of Assumptions

2.50
47
48

Western Slope
Monte Carlo Results

Western Slope
Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
2,890.44
2,503.91
--1,920.48
3,688,262.62
1.03
4.15
0.66
42.72
14,809.53
14,766.81
8.59

50,000 Trials
829 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.020
1020
.015
765
.010
510
.005
255
.000
0
0.00
2,000.00
4,000.00
BCFG
6,000.00
8,000.00

Western Slope
Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
BCFG
42.72
533.84
775.43
979.63
1,180.89
1,386.03
1,590.83
1,809.46
2,030.92
2,263.45
2,503.91
2,757.79
3,035.15
3,331.41
3,646.61
4,004.01
4,414.15
4,911.18
5,538.55
6,536.74
14,809.53
49
50

Western Slope
Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
6.10
4.92
--4.67
21.85
1.57
6.59
0.77
0.05
49.76
49.72
0.02

50,000 Trials
804 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.026
1296
.019
972
.013
648
.006
324
.000
0
0.00
5.00
10.00
MMBNGL
15.00
20.00

Western Slope
Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
MMBNGL
0.05
0.98
1.45
1.86
2.26
2.67
3.08
3.51
3.95
4.42
4.92
5.45
6.03
6.69
7.42
8.25
9.27
10.55
12.35
15.29
49.76
51
52

Western Slope
Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
787.41
545.06
--742.22
550,884.28
2.11
8.10
0.94
42.72
4,499.78
4,457.06
3.32

50,000 Trials
1,715 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.035
1734
.026
.017
867
.009
433.5
.000
0
0.00
687.50
1,375.00
BCFG
2,062.50
2,750.00

Western Slope
Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
BCFG
42.72
132.46
178.24
219.58
259.36
299.20
342.15
386.61
435.34
486.37
545.06
606.95
676.41
760.01
861.94
986.27
1,149.95
1,378.53
1,730.27
2,377.11
4,499.78
53
54

Western Slope
Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
2,606.15
2,240.91
0.00
2,018.53
4,074,477.11
0.94
3.90
0.77
0.00
14,809.53
14,809.53
9.03

50,000 Trials
750 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.100
4982
.075
.050
.025
.000
0
0.00
2,000.00
4,000.00
BCFG
6,000.00
8,000.00

Western Slope
Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
BCFG
0.00
0.00
95.26
573.45
829.86
1,052.48
1,275.15
1,499.52
1,736.18
1,985.63
2,240.91
2,508.04
2,790.69
3,105.11
3,441.55
3,800.07
4,223.87
4,746.71
5,387.20
6,401.89
14,809.53
55
56

Western Slope
Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
5.50
4.36
0.00
4.80
23.01
1.48
6.27
0.87
0.00
49.76
49.76
0.02

50,000 Trials
719 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.100
5021
.075
.050
.025
.000
0
0.00
5.00
10.00
MMBNGL
15.00
20.00

Western Slope
Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
MMBNGL
0.00
0.00
0.17
1.06
1.56
2.00
2.45
2.91
3.37
3.86
4.36
4.92
5.52
6.18
6.93
7.78
8.80
10.10
11.90
14.88
49.76
57
58

Western Slope
Monte Carlo Results
Assumptions

Minimum
Likeliest
Maximum
1
10
55

15
28
42
55

Mean
98.32
Standard Deviation
408.60
Shifted parameters
140.32
408.60
42.00 to 4,500.00
133.60

Western Slope
Monte Carlo Results

Sizes of Gas Fields
0.14
956.10
1,912.06
2,868.02
3,823.99
3.25
4.00

Minimum
Likeliest
Maximum
1.00
1.33
4.00

LGR in Gas Fields
1.00
1.75
End of Assumptions

2.50
59
60

Western Platform
Monte Carlo Results

Western Platform
Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
377.61
348.25
--184.56
34,063.62
0.66
3.05
0.49
43.32
1,346.56
1,303.24
0.83

50,000 Trials
320 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.021
1052
.016
789
.011
526
.005
263
.000
0
0.00
225.00
450.00
BCFG
675.00
900.00

Western Platform
Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
BCFG
43.32
125.55
162.36
186.28
210.08
231.98
254.13
276.96
299.76
323.14
348.25
374.94
403.12
433.49
464.13
498.63
537.44
581.77
637.78
718.29
1,346.56
61
62

Western Platform
Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
3.77
3.39
--2.03
4.11
0.93
3.81
0.54
0.27
15.99
15.72
0.01

50,000 Trials
377 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.023
1165
.017
873.7
.012
582.5
.006
291.2
.000
0
0.00
2.50
5.00
MMBNGL
7.50
10.00

Western Platform
Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
MMBNGL
0.27
1.19
1.49
1.76
2.00
2.22
2.44
2.67
2.89
3.14
3.39
3.65
3.93
4.24
4.59
4.97
5.39
5.91
6.60
7.63
15.99
63
64

Western Platform
Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Entire range is from 43.32 to 399.05 BCFG
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
109.23
95.63
--50.14
2,514.38
1.96
8.14
0.46
43.32
399.05
355.73
0.22

50,000 Trials
1,235 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.031
1534
.023
.015
767
.008
383.5
.000
0
25.00
81.25
137.50
BCFG
193.75
250.00

Western Platform
Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
BCFG
43.32
58.14
63.45
67.85
71.87
75.60
79.40
83.11
86.95
91.13
95.63
100.56
105.77
111.59
118.43
126.42
136.70
150.65
171.89
209.80
399.05
65
66

Western Platform
Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
239.89
215.16
0.00
233.28
54,418.36
0.64
2.52
0.97
0.00
1,331.72
1,331.72
1.04

50,000 Trials
183 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.363
18147
.272
.181
.091
.000
0
0.00
225.00
450.00
BCFG
675.00
900.00

Western Platform
Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
BCFG
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
131.85
178.18
215.16
249.69
285.90
321.56
362.66
406.83
454.24
508.14
575.26
666.16
1,331.72
67
68

Western Platform
Monte Carlo Results

Summary:
Statistics:
Trials
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
Range Minimum
Range Maximum
Range Width
Mean Standard Error
Value
50000
2.40
2.05
0.00
2.43
5.88
0.85
3.16
1.01
0.00
14.47
14.47
0.01

50,000 Trials
551 Outliers
Frequency Chart
.363
18147
.272
.181
.091
.000
0
0.00
2.25
4.50
MMBNGL
6.75
9.00

Western Platform
Monte Carlo Results

Percentiles:
Percentile
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
End of Forecast
MMBNGL
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.23
1.68
2.05
2.40
2.74
3.13
3.53
3.97
4.48
5.09
5.82
6.97
14.47
69
70

Western Platform
Monte Carlo Results
Assumptions

Minimum
Likeliest
Maximum
1
3
12

12

Mean
28.75
Standard Deviation
35.80
Shifted parameters
70.75
35.80
42.00 to 400.00
70.35

Western Platform
Monte Carlo Results

Sizes of Gas Fields
0.99
82.78
164.56
246.35
328.14
12.50
15.00

Minimum
5.00
Likeliest
10.00
Maximum
15.00
LGR in Gas Fields
5.00
7.50
End of Assumptions

10.00
71
72
Addendum 2
Surma Basin
Seventh Approximation Data Form
SEVENTH APPROXIMATION
DATA FORM FOR CONVENTIONAL ASSESSMENT UNITS (Version 2, 10-5-00)
Date:..
Assessment Geologist:..
Region:..
Province:
Priority or Boutique.
Total Petroleum System:
Assessment Unit:
Based on Data as of:.
* Notes from Assessor
IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION
1/23/2001
Petrobangla/USGS
South Asia
Number: 8
Country of Bangladesh
Number:
Special
Tertiary Composite
Number: BANG01
Surma Basin
Number: BANG0101
December-00
1/96 Petroconsultants and Proprietary Data from IOC. Special joint
assessment sponsered by U.S.AID. No growth function used.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ASSESSMENT UNIT

Oil (<20,000 cfg/bo overall) or Gas (>20,000 cfg/bo overall):
Gas
What is the minimum field size?.

7
mmboe grown
(the smallest field that has potential to be added to reserves in the next 30 years)
Number of discovered fields exceeding minimum size:
Established (>13 fields)
Oil:
Frontier (1-13 fields)
Median size (grown) of discovered oil fields (mmboe):

1st 3rd
Median size (grown) of discovered gas fields (bcfg):
1st 3rd
2nd 3rd
1309
2nd 3rd
Gas:
Hypothetical (no fields)
3rd 3rd
513
3rd 3rd
Assessment-Unit Probabilities:
Attribute
Probability of occurrence (0-1.0)
1. CHARGE: Adequate petroleum charge for an undiscovered field > minimum size
1.0
1.0
2. ROCKS: Adequate reservoirs, traps, and seals for an undiscovered field > minimum size
1.0
3. TIMING OF GEOLOGIC EVENTS: Favorable timing for an undiscovered field > minimum size
Assessment-Unit GEOLOGIC Probability (Product of 1, 2, and 3):.........
1.0
4. ACCESSIBILITY: Adequate location to allow exploration for an undiscovered field

> minimum size......
1.0
UNDISCOVERED FIELDS
Number of Undiscovered Fields: How many undiscovered fields exist that are > minimum size?:
(uncertainty of fixed but unknown values)
Oil fields:min. no. (>0)
Gas fields:.min. no. (>0)
median no.
median no.
30
max no.
max no.
80
Size of Undiscovered Fields: What are the anticipated sizes (grown) of the above fields?:
(variations in the sizes of undiscovered fields)
Oil in oil fields (mmbo)..min. size
Gas in gas fields (bcfg):min. size
42
median size
median size
95
max. size
max. size
10000
Assessment Unit (name, no.)

Surma Basin, BANG0101
AVERAGE RATIOS FOR UNDISCOVERED FIELDS, TO ASSESS COPRODUCTS
minimum
median
Oil Fields:
Gas/oil ratio (cfg/bo)...
NGL/gas ratio (bngl/mmcfg).....
Gas fields:
Liquids/gas ratio (bngl/mmcfg).....
Oil/gas ratio (bo/mmcfg).
minimum
5
median
10
SELECTED ANCILLARY DATA FOR UNDISCOVERED FIELDS

(variations in the properties of undiscovered fields)
minimum
median
Oil Fields:
API gravity (degrees)..
Sulfur content of oil (%).....
Drilling Depth (m) ......
Depth (m) of water (if applicable).....
Gas Fields:
Inert gas content (%).....
CO2 content (%).....
Hydrogen-sulfide content (%)....
Drilling Depth (m)
Depth (m) of water (if applicable).
minimum
0.1
0.1
0
1500
0
median
0.4
0.4
0
3500
0
maximum
maximum
15
maximum
maximum
0.9
1
0
5500
0
73
74

Surma Basin, BANG0101
ALLOCATION OF UNDISCOVERED RESOURCES IN THE ASSESSMENT UNIT
TO COUNTRIES OR OTHER LAND PARCELS (uncertainty of fixed but unknown values)
1.
Bangladesh
represents
100
areal % of the total assessment unit
Oil in Oil Fields:

Richness factor (unitless multiplier):...
Volume % in parcel (areal % x richness factor):
Portion of volume % that is offshore (0-100%)
minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
2.
100
0
represents
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
3.
represents
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
4.
represents
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum

Date:..
Region:..
Province:
Assessment Unit:
1/24/2001
Petrobangla/USGS
South Asia
Number: 8
Number:
Special
Tertiary Composite
Number: BANG01
Easternmost Extremely Folded Belt
Number: BANG0102
12/1/2000 Petroconsultants

Gas

7
mmboe grown
Oil:

1st 3rd
1st 3rd
Gas:
2nd 3rd
3rd 3rd
2nd 3rd
3rd 3rd
0
X
Attribute
1.0
0.7
1.0
0.7

1.0
UNDISCOVERED FIELDS
median no.
median no.
max no.
max no.
15
42
median size
median size
60
max. size
max. size
400
75
76

Easternmost Extremely Folded Belt, BANG0102
minimum
median
Oil Fields:
Gas fields:
minimum
0.5
median
1

minimum
median
Oil Fields:
Gas Fields:
Drilling Depth (m)
minimum
0.1
0.1
0
1500
0
median
0.4
0.4
0
3000
0
maximum
maximum
2
maximum
maximum
0.9
1
0
4500
0

Easternmost Extremely Folded Belt, BANG0102
1.
Bangladesh
represents
100
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
2.
100
0
represents
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
3.
represents
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
4.
represents
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
77
78

Date:..
Region:..
Province:
Assessment Unit:
1/24/2001
Petrobangla/USGS
South Asia
Number: 8
Number:
Special
Tertiary Composite
Number: BANG01
Number: BANG0103

Gas

7
mmboe grown

1st 3rd
Median size (known) of discovered gas fields (bcfg):
1st 3rd
98
Oil:
X
Gas:
2nd 3rd
3rd 3rd
2nd 3rd
3rd 3rd
Attribute
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

1.0
UNDISCOVERED FIELDS
median no.
median no.
max no.
max no.
15
35
42
median size
median size
70
max. size
max. size
2000

High Amplitude Faulted Anticlines, BANG0103
minimum
median
Oil Fields:
Gas fields:
minimum
1
median
2

minimum
median
Oil Fields:
Gas Fields:
Drilling Depth (m)
minimum
0.1
0.1
0
1500
0
median
0.4
0.4
0
3000
0
maximum
maximum
4
maximum
maximum
0.9
1
0
4500
3
79
80

High Amplitude Faulted Anticlines, BANG0103
1.
Bangladesh
represents
100
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
2.
100
0
represents
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
3.
represents
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
4.
represents
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum

Date:..
Region:..
Province:
Assessment Unit:
1/25/2001
Petrobangla/USGS
South Asia
Number: 8
Number:
Special
Tertiary Composite
Number: BANG01
Number: BANG0104
assessment sponsered by U.S. AID. No growth function used.

Gas

7
mmboe grown

1st 3rd
1st 3rd
Oil:
X
Gas:
2nd 3rd
468
2nd 3rd
3rd 3rd
237
3rd 3rd
Attribute
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

1.0
UNDISCOVERED FIELDS
12
median no.
median no.
max no.
max no.
70
160
42
median size
median size
100
max. size
max. size
10000
81
82

Moderately Folded Anticlines, BANG0104
minimum
median
Oil Fields:
Gas fields:
minimum
1
median
2

minimum
median
Oil Fields:
Gas Fields:
Drilling Depth (m)
minimum
0.1
0.1
0
2500
0
median
0.4
0.4
0
3500
20
maximum
maximum
4
maximum
maximum
0.9
1
0
5000
200

Moderately Folded Anticlines, BANG0104
1.
Bangladesh
represents
100
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
2.
100
40
represents
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
3.
represents
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
4.
represents
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
83
84

Western Slope
Seventh Approximation
Date:..
Region:..
Province:
Assessment Unit:
1/25/2001
Petrobangla/USGS
South Asia
Number: 8
Number:
Special
Tertiary Composite
Number: BANG01
Western Slope
Number: BANG0105
12/1/2000 Petrobangla

Gas

7
mmboe grown
Oil:

1st 3rd
1st 3rd
Gas:
2nd 3rd
3rd 3rd
2nd 3rd
3rd 3rd
0
X
Attribute
1.0
0.9
1.0
0.9

1.0
UNDISCOVERED FIELDS
median no.
max no.
20
55
42
median size
median size
65
max. size
max. size
4500

Western Slope, BANG0105
minimum
median
Oil Fields:
Gas fields:
minimum
1
median
2

minimum
median
Oil Fields:
Gas Fields:
Drilling Depth (m)
minimum
0.1
0.1
0
2500
0
median
0.4
0.4
0
3500
20
maximum
maximum
4
maximum
maximum
0.9
1
0
5000
200
85
86

Western Slope, BANG0105
1.
Bangladesh
represents
100
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
2.
100
45
represents
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
3.
represents
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
4.
represents
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum

Western Platform
Date:..
Region:..
Province:
Assessment Unit:
1/26/2001
Petrobangla/USGS
South Asia
Number: 8
Number:
Special
Tertiary Composite
Number: BANG01
Western Platform
Number: BANG0106
12/1/2000 Petrobangla

Gas

7
mmboe grown
Oil:

1st 3rd
1st 3rd
Gas:
2nd 3rd
3rd 3rd
2nd 3rd
3rd 3rd
0
X
Attribute
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.64

1.0
UNDISCOVERED FIELDS
median no.
median no.
max no.
max no.
12
42
median size
median size
60
max. size
max. size
400
87
88

Western Platform, BANG0106
minimum
median
Oil Fields:
Gas fields:
minimum
5
median
10

minimum
median
Oil Fields:
Gas Fields:
Drilling Depth (m)
minimum
0.1
0.1
0
2000
0
median
0.4
0.4
0
3500
0
maximum
maximum
15
maximum
maximum
0.9
1
0
4500
0

Western Platform, BANG0106
1.
Bangladesh
represents
100
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
2.
100
0
represents
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
3.
represents
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
4.
represents
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
median
maximum
89
Mean
Standard Error
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Sample Variance
Kurtosis
Skewness
Range
Minimum
Maximum
Sum
Count
Number of Years
Second half of accumulations discovered

1253.4 Mean
446.5349482 Standard Error
1309 Median
#N/A
Mode
998.4824986 Standard Deviation
996967.3 Sample Variance
-2.075983648 Kurtosis
0.175956331 Skewness
2263 Range
266 Minimum
2529 Maximum
6267 Sum
5 Count
8 Number of Years
Total Gas (BCFG)
#N/A
898 Mean
1095.444444
323.5899802
512.5 Median
815
Mode
#N/A
1044.12611 Standard Deviation 970.7699407
942394.2778
2.203364998 Kurtosis
-1.604702621
0.532885923
2233 Range
2362
167 Minimum
167
2400 Maximum
2529
3592 Sum
9859
4 Count
9
35 Number of Years
43
First Year of First Half or First Third Last Year of First Half or First Third First Year of Second Half or Second Third Last Year of Second Half or Second Third
1955
1963
1981
1998
First half of accumulations discovered
90

Surma Basin
Known Data
Surma Basin, Assessment Unit BANG0101

Known Data
12
10
CUM. NEW-FIELD WILDCAT WELLS (No.)
14
0
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
DRILLING-COMPLETION YEAR
1980
1990
2000
91
19
23
19
26
19
29
19
32
19
35
19
38
19
41
19
44
19
47
19
50
19
53
19
56
19
59
19
62
19
65
19
68
19
71
19
74
19
77
19
80
19
83
19
86
19
89
19
92
19
95
19
98
NEW-FIELD WILDCAT WELLS (No.)
92
KNOWN GAS-ACCUMULATION SIZE (BCFG)
100,000
10,000
1,000
Second half of accumulations
discovered
100
10
1
0
GAS-ACCUMULATION RANK BY SIZE
93
2
discovered
6
to
12 <1
to 2
24 <2
to 4
48 <4
8
96 to <
9
19 to < 6
2 19
t
38 o < 2
3
4
76 to 84
8
1,5 to <76
36 <1 8
3,0 to ,53
< 6
6,1 72 t 3,0
o 7
12 44 t <6, 2
,28 o < 14
24 8 to 12, 4
,57 < 28
49 6 to 24, 8
5
,
98 152 <49 76
,
t
,
19 304 o <9 152
6,6 to 8,
39 08 <19 304
78 3,21 to < 6,60
6,4 6 39 8
32 to < 3,2
to 78 16
<1 6,4
,57 32
>= 2,8
1,5 64
72
,86
4
GAS ACCUMULATIONS (No.)
94
to
to
to
<9
6
<4
8
<2
4
<1
2
<3
84
<1
92
to
to
to
to
76
8
<7
68
to
<1
1,5
,53
36
6
to
<
3,0
3
72 ,072
t
6,1 o <6
,14
44
4
to
12
<1
,28
2,2
8
88
t
24 o <2
,57
4,5
6
76
to
49
<
,15 49,
15
2
2
to
98
<9
,30
8,3
4
04
to
19
<1
6,6
96
08
,60
to
39
8
3,2 <39
3,2
16
78
1
t
o
6,4
<7 6
32
86
,43
to
<1
2
,57
2,8
>= 64
1,5
72
,86
4
38
4
19
2
96
48
24
12
VOLUME OF GAS (BCFG)

8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
95
96
100,000
10,000
1,000
100
10
1
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
ACCUMULATION-DISCOVERY YEAR
1980
1990
2000
10,000
1,000
100
10
100,000
10
12
14
97
98
CUM. KNOWN GAS VOLUME (BCFG)
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
0
10
12
14
99
100

10
CUM. GAS ACCUMULATIONS (No.)
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
10
10
12
14
101
102
RESERVOIR DEPTH, GAS ACCUMULATIONS

(ft)
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
RESERVOIR-DISCOVERY YEAR
1980
1990
2000

(ft)
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
0
10
12
14
103
104
LIQUIDS/GAS, GAS ACCUMULATIONS

(BL/MMCFG)
25
20
15
10
0
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
MEAN RESERVOIR DEPTH (ft)
3,000
3,500
4,000

Mean
Standard Error
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Sample Variance
Kurtosis
Skewness
Range
Minimum
Maximum
Sum
Count
Number of Years
Second half of accumulations discovered
#N/A
599.6666667 Mean
296.5 Median
Mode
2.672524398 Kurtosis
1.66565334 Skewness
2085 Range
15 Minimum
2100 Maximum
3598 Sum
6 Count
20 Number of Years
Total Gas (BCFG)
#N/A
310.2 Mean
140 Median
Mode
3.20062181 Kurtosis
744 Range
104 Minimum
848 Maximum
1551 Sum
5 Count
14 Number of Years
First Year of First Half or First Third Last Year of First Half or First Third First Year of Second Half or Second Third Last Year of Second Half or Second Third
1962
1982
1990
1996
468.0909091
187.4027483
140
#N/A
621.5446009
386317.6909
4.772453039
2.095441996
2085
15
2100
5149
11
34

Known Data
Moderately Folded Anticlines, Assessment Unit BANG0104

Known Data
105
106
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
19
58
19
60
19
62
19
64
19
66
19
68
19
70
19
72
19
74
19
76
19
78
19
80
19
82
19
84
19
86
19
88
19
90
19
92
19
94
19
96
19
98
20
00
NEW-FIELD WILDCAT WELLS (No.)

6
107
108
10,000
1,000

100

discovered
10
1
0
GAS-ACCUMULATION RANK BY SIZE
6
to
12 <1
to 2
24 <2
to 4
48 <4
8
96 to <
9
19 to < 6
2 19
t
38 o < 2
3
4
76 to 84
8
1,5 to <76
36 <1 8
3,0 to ,53
< 6
6,1 72 t 3,0
o 7
12 44 t <6, 2
,28 o < 14
24 8 to 12, 4
,57 < 28
49 6 to 24, 8
5
,
98 152 <49 76
,
t
,
19 304 o <9 152
6,6 to 8,
39 08 <19 304
78 3,21 to < 6,60
6,4 6 39 8
32 to < 3,2
to 78 16
<1 6,4
,57 32
>= 2,8
1,5 64
72
,86
4
GAS ACCUMULATIONS (No.)

5
3
discovered
109
to
to
to
<9
6
<4
8
<2
4
<3
84
<1
92
to
to
to
<1
2
76
8
<7
68
to
<1
1,5
,53
36
6
to
<
3,0
3
72 ,072
t
6,1 o <6
,14
44
4
to
12
<1
,28
2,2
8
88
t
24 o <2
,57
4,5
6
76
to
49
<
,15 49,
15
2
2
to
98
<9
,30
8,3
4
04
to
19
<1
6,6
96
08
,60
to
39
8
3,2 <39
3,2
16
78
1
t
o
6,4
<7 6
32
86
,43
to
<1
2
,57
2,8
>= 64
1,5
72
,86
4
38
4
19
2
96
48
24
12
to
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
VOLUME OF GAS (BCFG)
110
10,000
1,000
100
10
1
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
111
112
10,000
1,000
100
10
1
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
113
114
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
12
10
0
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
115
116
12
10
0
0
10
12
14
16
18
20

(ft)
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
RESERVOIR-DISCOVERY YEAR
1990
1995
2000
117
118

(ft)
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
LIQUIDS/GAS, GAS ACCUMULATIONS

(BL/MMCFG)
0
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
MEAN RESERVOIR DEPTH (ft)
2,500
3,000
3,500
119

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U.S.

Petroleum Systems and Related Geologic

U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2208-A

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Department of the Interior

Posted online June 2001, version 1.0

This publication is only available online at:

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication

Manuscript approved for publication June 18, 2001

Generalized geologic map of Bangladesh and adjacent areas............................................ 3

Stratigraphic nomenclature of Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in

Contributors to This Report

Central Region Energy Team

Assessment Meeting Recorder/Graphics

U.S. Geological SurveyPetroBangla

area (or country) in which that total petroleum system is active

Petroleum Systems and Related Geologic Studies in Region 8, South Asia

are made as to the location of the resource; in this case,

Assessment of Gas Resources of Bangladesh

The Tertiary Composite Total Petroleum System

bons in reservoirs with their specific source rocks, although a

geological structural attributes. These are: Bang0101 Surma

Bangladesh Country Assessment (TPS)

_ 200m water depths)

Total Petroleum System (Bangladesh)

Assessment Units (Bangladesh)

gas, cond, oil, pd

Petroleum Systems and Related Geologic Studies in Region 8, South Asia

Petrobangla/USGS Natural Gas Assessments

Mishra and Singh

Table 1. Stratigraphic nomenclature of Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in eastern India and Bangladesh.

Petroleum Systems and Related Geologic Studies in Region 8, South Asia

Part IIAssessment Unit Descriptions

Structural and combination traps of Miocene age occur

Bang0102: Eastern Extremely Folded

Bang0103: High-Amplitude Faulted Anticlines

Bang0104: Moderately Folded Anticlines

of 42 BCFG. The Bengal foredeep, the large area generally

Petroleum Systems and Related Geologic Studies in Region 8, South Asia

levels currently imaged on seismic reflection data. Potential

Bang0105: Western Slope Assessment Unit

deformed, extended, and thinned by extensional forces from

Bang0106: Western Platform Assessment Unit

Perspective of the Assessment

Total: Onshore portions of Bangladesh

Total: Offshore portions of Bangladesh (to 200 m water depth)

Grand Total: Bangladesh

Petroleum Systems and Related Geologic Studies in Region 8, South Asia

Assessment Results Summary

Petrobangla/USGS Joint Assessment of Gas in Bangladesh

Tertiary Composite Total Petroleum System

Moderately Folded Anticlines Assessment Unit (60% allocated to ONSHORE portion)

Moderately Folded Anticlines Assessment Unit (40% allocated to OFFSHORE portion)

Western Shelf Assessment Unit (55% allocated to ONSHORE portion)

Western Shelf Assessment Unit (45% allocated to OFFSHORE portion)

Easternmost Extremely Folded Belt Assessment Unit

High Amplitude Faulted Anticlines Assessment Unit

Western Platform Assessment Unit

Petrobangla/USGS Joint Assessment of Gas in Bangladesh

Petroleum Systems and Related Geologic Studies in Region 8, South Asia

Assessment Unit Bang0101

Assessment Unit BANG0101

Forecast: Gas in Gas Fields

Forecast: Gas in Gas Fields