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Chapter 01
A View of Life
BIOLOGY
Chapter 1: pp. 1 - 24
10th Edition
Sylvia S. Mader
A View of Life
PowerPoint Lecture Slides are prepared by Dr. Isaac Barjis, Biology Instructor
Copyright The McGraw Hill Companies Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
Defining Life
Living
things:
Defining Life
Living organisms can be Microscopic:
Bacteria
Paramecium
Living organisms can be Macroscopic (Multi-cellular):
Snow goose
Humans
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Bacteria
Paramecium
Morel
Sunflower
Snow goose
(Bacteria): Dr. Dennis Kunkel/Phototake; (Paramecium): M. Abbey/Visuals Unlimited; (Morel): Royalty-Free Corbis;
(Sunflower): Photodisc Green/Getty Images; (Snow goose): Charles Bush Photography
Chapter 01
A View of Life
Defining Life
Emergent properties:
Biosphere
Regions of the Earths crust,
w aters, and atmosphere
inhabited by liv ing things
Ecosystem
A community plus
the physical env ironment
Community
Interacting populations in a
particular area
Population
Organisms of the same
species in a particular area
Organism
An indiv idual; complex
indiv iduals contain organ systems
Organ System
Composed of sev eral organs
w orking together
Organ
Composed of tissues functioning
together for a specific task
Tissue
A group of cells w ith a common
structure and function
Cell
The structural and functional
unit of all liv ing things
Molecule
Union of tw o or more atoms of
the same or different elements
Atom
Smallest unit of an element composed of
electrons, protons, and neutrons
The sun:
Chapter 01
A View of Life
Acquiring Nutrients
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
food
a.
d.
e.
c.
b.
f.
Vulture can detect and find carcass a mile away and soar
toward dinner
Composed of DNA
Chapter 01
A View of Life
10
Adaptation
12
Chapter 01
A View of Life
Classification
Taxonomy:
13
Levels of Classification
14
Domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Chapter 01
A View of Life
BACTERIA
common
ancestor
(first cells)
ARCHAEA
Protists
Photosynthetic
protist
Plants
cell with nucleus
EUKARYA
Fungi
Heterotrophic
Protist
Animals
common ancestor
Past
Present
Time
16
Prokaryotic cells
of various shapes
Adaptations to
extreme environments
Absorb or
chemosynthesize food
Unique chemical
characteristics
1.6
17
Prokaryotic cells
of various shapes
Adaptations to
all environments
Absorb, photosynthesize,
or chemosynthesize food
Unique chemical
characteristics
1.5
18
Chapter 01
A View of Life
Kingdoms
Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
19
Protists
KINGDOM: Plants
Algae, protozoans,
slime molds, and
water molds
Complex single cell
(sometimes filaments,
colonies, or even
multicellular)
Absorb, photosynthesize,
or ingest food
KINGDOM: Animals
KINGDOM: Fungi
(Protist): Michael Abby/Visuals Unlimited; (Plant): Pat Pendarvis; (Fungi): Rob Planck/Tom
Stack; (Animal): Royalty-Free/Corbis
20
Scientific Names
Binomial nomenclature (two-word names)used to assign each organism with two part name
e.g. Homo Sapience
Universal
Latin-based
Chapter 01
A View of Life
an area
Community
- A local collection of
interacting populations
Ecosystem
heat
solar
energy
heat
heat
heat
heat
heat
Chemical cycling
Energy flow
23
24
Chapter 01
A View of Life
Human Populations
Food
Medicines
Raw materials
Biodiversity
Extinction is:
Hypothesis
Chapter 01
A View of Life
Observation
New observations
are made, and previous
data are studied.
Hypothesis
Input from various
sources is used to formulate
a testable statement.
Experiment/Observations
Conclusion
The hypothesis is
tested by experiment
or further observations.
Scientific Theory
Many experiments and
observations support a
theory.
28
10
Chapter 01
A View of Life
or Data
Scientific Theory
Scientific
Theory:
Scientific
Principle / Law:
Controlled Experiments
Experimental
(Independent) variable
Response
(dependent) variable
11
Chapter 01
A View of Life
Controlled Experiments
Observations:
Hypothesis:
Root Nodules
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
nodules
35
Controlled Experiments
Experimental
Design
Control Group
Winter wheat planted in pots without fertilizer
Experimental Groups
12
Chapter 01
A View of Life
Control pots
Test pots
Test pots
no fertilization treatment
90 kg of nitrogen/ha
Test pots
45 kg of nitrogen/ha
20
15
Control Pots
= no fertilization treatment
Test Pots
= 45 kg of nitrogen/ha
= 90 kg of nitrogen/ha
= Pigeon pea/winter wheat rotation
10
year 1
year 2
year 3
b. Results
(All): Courtesy Jim Bidlack
37
Controlled Experiments
Experimental
Prediction:
Results
Controlled Experiments
Conclusion
Revised experiment
39
13
Chapter 01
A View of Life
Controlled Experiments
Results
Revised conclusions
40
14