CH.

5 REVIEW
Patriots (Whigs)
Patriots, also known as Whigs, were colonists who believed that the
colonies had the right to govern themselves. They fought for their
rights against the British, especially when it came to taxation without
representation.
Loyalists (Tories)
The Loyalists, also knows as Tories, were colonists who felt loyal to the
king and Britain. They stayed on the kings side and were faithful
subjects.
French and Indian War
The French and Indian War were fought between the British and the
French and Native Americans. They fought for the Ohio River Valley. In
the end, the British ended up winning (wiping the French off the
continent) because of George Washington and the capture of Canada.
Proclamation of 1763
The Proclamation of 1763 states that to keep colonists and Native
Americans from killing each other, a line is to be drawn down the crest
of the Appalachian Mountains. The settlers are to stay east of that line
and Indians are to stay west. To enforce the law, the British sent 7500
men to keep guard at the line.
Stamp Act
The Stamp Act was created to help pay off the large debt caused by
the French and Indian war. It required colonists to purchase a stamp for
every piece of paper they used. This was when the colonists first
started protesting about no representatives in parliament, or taxation
without representation.
Quartering Act
The Quartering Act required colonists to provide British soldiers with
housing, candles, firing, bedding, cooking utensils, salt, vinegar, and
beer. In 1767, the New York assembly decided not to vote to provide
for vinegar and beer. The British reacted by refusing to let the
assembly meet again until it was agreed upon to obey the Quartering
Act.
Townshend Acts
The Townshend Acts, created by a British leader known as Charles
Townshend, stated that a tax would be placed on certain goods the
colonies imported from Britain. Upon hearing this, the colonists quickly
realized that this was a tax in disguise, and refused to pay. Led by
Samuel Adams, the colonists held a boycott against British goods. The
boycott was extremely effective (woman made it work), and the law

was later repealed when a new leader, Lord North headed the
government. However, Lord North kept one tax: The tax on tea.
Boston Massacre:
The day the Townshend duties were repealed, a fight broke out
between the colonists and soldiers, resulting in five dead Bostonians
when the soldiers fired into the crowd because of a misunderstanding.
Sam Adams saw this as an opportunity and hired Paul Revere to
engrave a picture of soldiers firing at peaceful citizens although that is
not the whole truth. John Adams, a lawyer, later defended those
soldiers because he believed that everyone had the right to a fair trial.
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party occurred when Lord North realized that the top
tea company in the world was in deep trouble because of the boycott
of tea. So, he sent out ships full of the tea to the colonies, hoping to
sell them off quickly at a very cheap price. But the colonists saw
through his plan. After the ships docked, the Sons of Liberty, on
December 16, 1773, boarded a ship docked in Boston dressed as
Mohawk Indians, and through every crate of tea they could find into
the sea.
The Intolerable Acts
Angered by the Boston Tea Party, Lord North passed a series of laws
known as the Intolerable Acts. The first law was to close down Boston
harbor to all shipping until the ruined tea was paid for. The second law
was that the colonists could not hold a town meeting without the
governors consent. The third law stated that British soldiers accused
of murder would be tried in England. More troops were sent to enforce
the laws. However, the Intolerable Acts did not succeed in making the
colonists give in. Instead, they succeeded in uniting all of the colonies.
The First Continental Congress
In September 1774, 50 leaders from 12 colonies met in Philadelphia.
The meeting united many of the British colonies. Many of the delegates
were strong loyalists. But, despite their differences, the delegates
agreed to send a message to King George. The message encouraged
the king to consider their complaints and to respect their rights.
Lexington and Concord
The battle of Lexington April 1775 occurred when British soldiers from
Boston were ordered to confiscate weapons from a village in concord.
Paul Revere and William Dawes warned the colonists that the British
were coming. When the British arrived at Lexington, they quickly beat
the minutemen, and marched forth to Concord. But in Concord, 4000
people defended their village and beat the British, fighting for their
rights.

King George the III

King George the III was crowned in 1760. He was proud and stubborn,
and surrounded himself with people who were dumber than he was. He
issued all of the laws that led to the rebellion of the colonists.
Samuel Adams
Samuel Adams was the cousin of John Adams, and was a patriot. He
was gifted in writing speeches and stirring up protests. He led the
opposition of the Townshend Acts.
John Adams
John Adams was the cousin of Samuel Adams and was a patriot. He
was a lawyer who defended and won the case for the British soldiers
that were associated with the Boston Massacre
Patrick Henry
Patrick Henry was a leader from Virginia who was the first to encourage
other delegates in the First Continental Congress to come together as
one person.
Paul Revere and William Dawes
Paul Revere was a patriot silversmith in Boston who engraved a picture
of the Boston Massacre showing soldiers firing at peaceful citizens. He,
along with William Dawes were the ones who warned the colonists that
the British were coming in the battle of Lexington and Concord.