Synopsis Report

On
Industrial Automation
Submitted in the Partial Fulfilment of the requirement for the Award of Degree of

Bachelor of Technology
In
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

(Batch 2012-2016)
Submitted By:-

Submitted By:-

Dr. Tanupreet singh

JODHBIR SINGH (1300963)

ECE -2(5TH SEM.)

HOD(ECE)

DEPARMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

PREFACE
With the ongoing technology revolution where innovations are taking place at the
blink of an eye, it is impossible to keep the pace with the emerging trends. In organization

where Making Things Right in the first instance is the driving motto, perfection and accuracy
are inevitable.
Excellence is an attitude that the whole of the human race is born with. It is the
environment that makes sure that whether the result of this attitude is visible or otherwise. A
well planned, properly executed and evaluated Major project work helps a lot aim inculcating
a professional attitude. It provides a linkage between the student and industry to develop an
awareness of industrial approach to problem solving, based on a broad understanding of
process and mode of operation of organization.
During this period, the students get the real,hand experience for working in the actual
environment. Most of the theoretical knowledge that has been gained during the course of
their studies is put to test here. Apart from this, the students get an opportunity to learn the
latest technology, which immensely helps them in building their career.
I had the opportunity to have a real experience on many ventures, which increased the
sphere of knowledge for me to a great extent. I was entrusted with a real life project, working
on which had finally made me step into the ongoing technology revolution and gradually
become a part of it. And all the credit goes to organization ACET which in true self made the
technology revolution happen.

1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction

Circumstances that we find ourselves in today in the field of microcontrollers had

their beginnings in the development of technology of integrated circuits. This development
has made it possible to store hundreds of thousands of transistors into one chip. That was a
prerequisite for production of microprocessors, and the first computers were made by adding
external peripherals such as memory, input-output lines, timers and other. Further increasing
of the volume of the package resulted in creation of integrated circuits. These integrated
circuits contained both processor and peripherals. That is how the first chip containing a
microcomputer, or what would later be known as a microcontroller came about.
An embedded computer is a computer that is a component of a larger system; it helps
implement the system functionality. Embedded computers exist in automobiles, airplanes,
home appliances, military vehicles & equipments, medical devices, robotic, mobile
communication system etc. Sophisticated embedded computers have been used in products
and systems for over twenty years.
Embedded computing includes several aspects: methodology, architectures, and applications
which is practiced in conducting research. Methodology is important because the prime goal
is to be able to reliably, predictably develop new systems. Embedded computers is used to
make a wide variety of systems, therefore methodology of designing an embedded system
that enable assessment of a system requirements, develop an architecture, and implement the
embedded system is very important.
In summary Embedded Computing research cluster involve in enhancing knowledge and
creating technologies in hardware & software design techniques through a combination of
related fundamental and applied research projects.

1.2 Objective
The objective is to explore the details of embedded computing aspects which are the
Methodology, Architecture and Application. This will enable cutting edge technology
development in hardware and software through embedded system applications development.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Definition of a Microcontroller

Microcontroller, as the name suggests, are small controllers. They are like single chip
computers that are often embedded into other systems to function as processing/controlling
unit. For example, the remote control you are using probably has microcontrollers inside that
do decoding and other controlling functions. They are also used in automobiles, washing
machines, microwave ovens, toys ... etc, where automation is needed.
The key features of microcontrollers include:
High Integration of Functionality
Microcontrollers sometimes are called single-chip computers because they have onchip memory and I/O circuitry and other circuitries that enable them to function as
small standalone computers without other supporting circuitry.
Field Programmability, Flexibility
Microcontrollers often use EEPROM or EPROM as their storage device to allow field
programmability so they are flexible to use. Once the program is tested to be correct
then large quantities of microcontrollers can be programmed to be used in embedded
systems.
Easy to Use

2.2 PIN CONFIGURATION

figure 2.2 Pin configuration of Microcontroller

We have 4 ports in 8051 micro controller. They are port0, port1, port2, port3 which
can
be accessed as i/o ports. The pins of the micro controller are explained below.
Reset: It resets total 8051 micro controller.
RXD:

It receives data in serial communication.

TXD:

It transmits data in serial communication.

INT0:

External interrupt for timer 0.

INT1:

External interrupt for timer1

T0:

Timer0.

T1:

Timer1.

RD:

To read into external memory.

WR:

To write into external memory.

XTAL1 & XTAL2: To connect the crystal oscillator.

ALE:

Address latch enable which is used to access the address locations

from external memory.

PSEN:

Program store enable which is used for storing programming

code into the external memory.

EA:

External Access: 64 KB of ROM is the limit for external memory.

Capacitor is storing charge permanently until we use it. Crystal Oscillator is used to
generate a carrier signal with stable frequency. With the help of this oscillator we will
deduce the execution speed in terms of bytes/ sec.It generates 12 clock pulses
/machine cycle. Capacitors provide charge for crystal oscillator. If we are not
connecting any external memory to micro controller, EA is connected to Vcc in case
of 8051.

2.3 Microcontrollers versus Microprocessors

Microcontroller differs from a microprocessor in many ways. First and the most
important is its functionality. In order for a microprocessor to be used, other components
such as memory, or components for receiving and sending data must be added to it. In
short that means that microprocessor is the very heart of the computer. On the other hand,
microcontroller is designed to be all of that in one. No other external components are
needed for its application because all necessary peripherals are already built into it. Thus,
we save the time and space needed to construct devices.

2.4 Compiler and Burner

Keil Software to provide you with software development tools for 8051 based
microcontrollers. With the Keil tools, you can generate embedded applications for
virtually every 8051 derivative. The supported microcontrollers are listed in the
Vision Device Database. The Keil Software 8051 development tools are designed
for the professional software developer, but any level of programmer can use them to
get the most out of the 8051 microcontroller architecture.
Flash magic as the Burner for burning the hex file generated from keil into
Microcontroller of ISP.

2.5 Interfacings with the real world devices

2.5.1 Interface
(Computer Science) a program that controls a display for the user (usually on a
computer monitor) and that allows the user to interact with the system part of a system
exposed to a user. In general, the system can be any kind of system with which a user may
interact at will, such as a mechanical system or a computer system. (Fluid, Electronic,
Optic) One of the important issues in micro-fluidics is the interfacing of all the elements.
How to align optical fibres? How to connect wires to the micro-device? How to introduce
a sample into the fluid channel? These are some of the questions, which have to be solved.
An interface is a set of commands or menus through

which a user

Communicates with a program. A command-driven interface is one in which you enter

commands. A menu-driven interface is one in which you select command choices from
various menus displayed on the screen.
Interfacing is a common term for a variety of materials used on the unseen or
"wrong" side of fabrics in sewing. Interfacings can be used to stiffen or add

body

to

fabric, such as the interfacing used in shirt collars; to strengthen a certain area of the
fabric, for instance where buttonholes will be sewn; or to keep fabrics, particularly knit
fabrics, from stretching

out

of shape. Interfacings come in a variety of weights and

stiffnesses to suit different purposes.

2.5.2 Interfacings with the real world devices

1. Interfacing with Led.

2. Interfacing with Buzzer.
3. Interfacing with Relay.
4. Interfacing with Stepper motor.
5. Interfacing with Seven Segment.
6. Interfacing with LCD.
7. Interfacing with Push Button and DIP Switches.

3. PCB DESIGNING
Printed circuit board designing is of two types
1.0PCB designing 2. Simple designing
PCB designing can be single sided, double sided or multi sided.
In 0PCB desgning there is only PCB of holes and in simple PCB designing can be designed
by two categories:
1. Capture
2. Layout
Capture is used for designing rough circuit diagram and layout used for designing a final
diagrams. Designing of paths is called routing.
Here we are using ORCAD 10.3v(version)software for PCB designing.

3.1 Diagram of product designed on capture

3.2 Assignment of footprints