Professional Documents
Culture Documents
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
Screaming = chillido
Shouting = gritero
Belittling = accin de subestimar
Inflicted = causado
Inherent = inherente (built-in: existing as an essential and natural constituent or
characteristic)
Channeled = canalizado
Put forth = proponer
Based upon = based on
Approach = enfoque, propuesta
Peer = par (somebody or something who/that is at an equal level)
Minimally = por lo menos
On-screen = en pantalla (adj.)
Tens = decenas
Hundreds = centenas
Thousands = millares
In and of itself = por s mismo
Correlation = correlacin (a reciprocal relation between two or more things)
Disrupt = desbaratar, perturbar el desarrollo de
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
Remark = comentario
Deliberate = Intencional, deliberado
Leave out = omitir
Single-handedly = sin ayuda
IN WORKS OF = ?
Belong = corresponder
GRAMMAR PASSAGE
GRAMMAR - QUESTIONS
CONNECTORS PASSAGE
In contrast to instinct theories, social learning theories view (en contraste con)
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
Mantle = manto
Crust = corteza
Outer edge = borde externo
Core = centro (de la Tierra)
Encompass = abarcar
Outer layer = capa/estrato externo
Draw a conclusion = sacar una conclusin
Mountain range = cordillera
Shallow = poco profundo, superficial
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
GRAMMAR - PASSAGE
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
Sit = colocar
Blow = soplar
Seat = sentado
Command =dar una orden
Move about = cambiar de sitio
Serve a function = cumplir una funcin
GRAMMAR - PASSAGE
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
Across = atravs
Onset = aparicin, llegada
Two and one-half = 2 aos y medio
Most likely = muy probablemente
Etiology = causa
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
GRAMMAR - PASSAGE
It generally makes itself known by the age of two (se hace conocer/descubrir)
is controversial with respect to diagnosis, etiology (con respecto a/IN REGARD
TO)
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
Root = raz
Species = especie (es igual en singular y en plural)
Flourish = florecer
Live off = vivir de
Vine = vid (planta)
Ponderous = pesado
Bloom = flor
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
Moist = hmedo
Well lit (pp of light) = iluminado
Shaded = sombreado
Offshoot = retoo (tallo que echa de nuevo la planta)
Seed = semilla
GRAMMAR - PASSAGE
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
Embark on = comenzar
Break = oportunidad
Repudiate = rechazar, negar
Values = valores
Feature = figurar
Tenacious = tenaz (perseverante)
Endure = soportar, aguantar, perdurar
Epic novel = novela pica (una larga historia que narra los hechos de un personaje
herico)
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
GRAMMAR - PASSAGE
a mother who places a high value on hard work and honor (le da un alto valor
a/al)
an irresponsible man who leaves her with a daughter she must take great pains to
support. (poner mucho esfuerzo/esmero)
the novel was made into a musical (transformado/convertido)
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
GRAMMAR - PASSAGE
The rotation of the earth causes the air to spin (causa que el aire gire)
as it goes down a drain (a medida que baja hacia el desage)
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
Prey = presa
Take on = enfrentarse
Merely = simplemente
GRAMMAR - PASSAGE
A large group of prey may be easier for a predator to find at any given point than is a
small one. (de lo que es uno pequeo.)
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
Chromium = cromo
Brightly = intensamente
Coat = capa (donde se aplica la pintura)
Powder = polvo
Opaqueness = sustantivo de opaco
Binder = lquido en el cual el pigmento es mezclado
Blended = mezclado, combinado
Oily solvent = lquido que es capaz de disolver otras sustancias de textura aceitosa
CONNECTORS PASSAGE
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
Slum = barrio
Pawn = pen, ttere
Lot = lo que a uno le toca en la vida
Plotline = el argumento bsico de un grupo de historias
GRAMMAR PASSAGE
VOCABULARY PASSAGE
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
GRAMMAR PASSAGE
GRAMMAR - QUESTIONS
VOCABULARY - SCRIPT
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
VOCABULARY - SCRIPT
Hinder = dificultar
Enhance = realzar, aumentar, mejorar
Allow for = tener en cuenta, contar con
Heating = calefaccin
Cooling = refrigeracin, enfriamiento
Plumbing = instalacin de caeras o tuberas
Electrical wiring = instalacin elctrica
Fit in with = adapalptarse/integrarse con
Eyesore = mounstruosidad, adefesio
Wear = desgaste
Strive for = luchar (pasado = strove)
Blended well with = combinar bien con
VOCABULARY - SCRIPT
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
Acknowledgment = reconocimiento
VOCABULARY - SCRIPT
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
VOCABULARY - SCRIPT
Heiress = heredera
Accrue = acumular
Corridor = pasillo, corredor
Heir to something = heredero de algo
Misfortune = desgracia
Thwart = frustrar, desbaratar
Remainder = resto (vida)
Eye-catching = llamativo
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
Fairly = bastante
Haphazard = desordenado
GRAMMAR - SCRIPT
CONNECTORS - SCRIPT
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
Compile = recopilar
Steward = administrador
Title deed = ttulo de propiedad
On the way = en el camino
Plum = ciruela
Core = ncleo
Anthology = antologa (es un conjunto de textos que han sido escogidos por ser la
mejor produccin o los ms representativos para una temtica o un curso
determinado.)
GRAMMAR - SCRIPT
the state for which the title deed was reportedly stolen. (segn se nos informa)
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
Quarter = trimester
Look over = examinar
Lead = llevar, guiar, liderar
Mood = humor, atmsfera
Put down = dejar
GRAMMAR - SCRIPT
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
Deadly = mortal
Imply = dar a entender
GRAMMAR - SCRIPT
I myself am very well acquainted with poison oak (informada de/familiarizada con)
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
VOCABULARY - SCRIPT
VOCABULARY QUESTIONS
Scroll = move through text or graphics in order to display parts that do not fit on the
screen.
GRAMMAR - PASSAGE
and the problem had to do with the budget. (tena que ver con)
a number of ways that they could (formas por las cuales)
Officials finally came out with a number of plans (se les ocurri)
They finally decided on various solutions (se decidieron por / optaron por)
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
Fledgling = inexperto
Overwhelmingly= de una manera abrumadora o intensa
Largely = en gran parte
Detrimental = perjudicial
Fearful (of) = temeroso (de)
Counter = contrarrestar
VOCABULARY - SCRIPT
Alongside = al lado de
As to = acerca de
GRAMMAR - PASSAGE
It was important to invest the individual states with a considerable amount of power.
(dar a los estados individuales)
he also favored a strict interpretation... (estaba a favor de)
The federal government has only the powers that are specifically granted it in the
Constitution. (que se les concede/reconoce)
CONNECTORS SCRIPT
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
Tardiness = tardanza
Come to a decision = tomar una decisin
In writing = por escrito
Call for = exigir, pedir
Make up = recuperar
Subtract = sustraer
Salary check = cheque de pago
VOCABULARY - SCRIPT
Proposal = propuesta
Harsh = duro, riguroso
Tardy = tardo
Drawback = inconveniente, desventaja
VOCABULARY QUESTIONS
GRAMMAR - PASSAGE
Ensure = asegurar
Day-to-day work= trabajo de da a da (diario)
Run a family = dirigir una familia
Heritage = patrimonio
Pass on = transmitir
Mundane = rutinario
living with the extended family is preferable to living with only the nuclear family.
and how it got to be the way that it is. (cmo consigui ser como es)
can also be instrumental in maintaining family traditions (jugar un papel decisivo
en)
mundane work of getting through the day (sobrevivir da a da)
Certainly = definitivamente
Feasible = viable, posible
Performance = desempeo, rendimiento
Overlook = pasar por alto
Acclaim =aclamacin, elogio
As a whole = en su totalidad
Go far = llegar lejos, tener xito
Overly = demasiado
Costly = costoso
Disruptive = perjudicial
VOCABULARY QUESTIONS
in order to continue to be worthy of it. (be worthy of something = ser digno de algo)
it is not just the employee who will benefit from the recognition
to achieve recognition of their own. (para ellos solos)
Enjoyable = agradable
Refreshed = refrescado
Pressurized = presionado
Enjoyment = placer
APPENDIX A: COHESION
VOCABULARY
Insurmountable = insuperable
Stubbon = terco, obstinado
Ramble on = divagar
Succinct = concise
Simplistic = simplista, simple
GRAMMAR
CONNECTORS
Conversely = en cambio
VOCABULARY
Promising = prometedor
Yield = producer, dar (resultados, conclusiones)
Take upon = encargarse, asumir la responsabilidad de hacer algo
Procrastinate = dejar las cosas para ms tarde
Regret (regretting)= arrepentirse, lamentar
Reasoning = razonamiento
Faulty= imperfecto, defectuoso
GRAMMAR
You and I have our work cut out for ourselves (hecho para)
and now they are in a bit of a fix. (en un aprieto, algo apretados)
The students have gotten themselves into this situation
they will have to work very hard to get themselves out of it.
CONNECTORS
GRAMMAR
One student does not like classical music; nevertheless, her friends have talked her
into going. (la han convencido para ir)
There will be a guest performer at the concert; interestingly, the guest performer is
someone quite famous. (como dato interesante)
VOCABULARY
Vociferously = a gritos
Turn in = entregar (assignment)
Account = explicacin, version
Inaccuracy = inexactitude
From the outset = desde el principio
GRAMMAR
The board has indicated that it is now in accord on the key point (de acuerdo con)
One member of the group was opposed to the plan
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY
Unsettling = inquietante
Proper = correcto, apropiado
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY
ALL
MOST
SOME
VERB
HALF
PART
When an expression of quantity is the subject, the verb agrees with the object.
VOCABULARY
Banquet = banquete
Clarification = aclaracin
Flood = inundar, ahogar
Inheritance = herencia
Carton of eggs = caja de huevos
On Schedule = puntualmente, segn los tiempos acordados
Allocate = asignar, destinar
VOCABULARY
Drawer = cajn
Pleasurable = placentero
Amend = correccin
Anger = ira, enojo
Resentment = resentimiento, rencor
Disbelief = incredulidad
Rehearse = ensayar
VOCABULARY
Praise = elogiar
Scold = regaar
Misplace = perder
Fall asleep = quedarse dormido
VOCABULARY
Cloudy = nublado
House = alojar, albergar
Flavorful = sabroso
Regular = habitual
VOCABULARY
Grey = gris
Reticent = reticente, reservado, desconfiado
APPENDIX REVIEW C1-C6
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY
Sink = hundirse
Wear (conj.) = wear / wore / worn
Wind = viento
Cartridge = cartucho
Lightning = relmpago
Knock down = derribar
GRAMMAR
High winds have blown the plane off course. (han sacado al avin de su curso)
APPENDIX C8: AFTER BE, USE THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE OR THE PAST
PARTICIPLE
No vocabulary
APPENDIX C9: AFTER WILL, WOULD, OR OTHER MODALS, USE THE BASE
FORM OF THE VERB
GRAMMAR
The team members must try a lot harder (con mucha ms fuerza)
APPENDIX C10: KNOW WHEN TO USE THE PAST WITH THE PRESENT
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY
Differentiate = diferenciar
Dismiss = dejar, (una clase)
Transpire = ocurrir, suceder
VOCABULARY
At the turn of the century = al final del siglo (y al principio del siguiente)
Busy signal = seal ocupada (telfono)
VOCABULARY
Grade = clasificar
Hedge = seto
Trim = recortar (seto)
Gunman = pistolero
Give away = regalar
Clerk = empleado (administrativo) (bancario)
VOCABULARY
Noon = medioda
Overtime = sobretiempo, prrroga (ftbol)
Frame = marco (de foto, pintura)
Knock over = tirar, volvar
Fall off = desprenderse, caerse, decaer
Surgical = quirrgico
GRAMMAR
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY
Exhibit = exposition
Scoop = bola (helado)
Run into = toparse con (un problema, una persona)
Acquaintance (noun) = conocido
Serving = porcin, racin
Misunderstanding = malentendido
VOCABULARY
GRAMMAR
The official gave us many sincere assurances that we would receive assitance. (nos
asegur que / nos garantiz que)
GRAMMAR
He and she have agreed to assist us with the project. (ayudarnos con)
VOCABULARY
No vocabulary
VOCABULARY
Sunshine = sol
Fingerprint = huella digital
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY
GRAMMAR
Whose brilliant idea was it to take this supposed shortcut when none of us
actually knew where it led? (De quin fue la brillante idea de tomar este supuesto
atajo cuando ninguno de nosotros realmente saba a dnde conduca?)
An adverb describing a verb cannot be used between the verb and its object.
VOCABULARY
Bundle up = abrigarse
Chilly = fro
VOCABULARY
Delighted = satisfecha
Snow-capped mountain = montaa cubierta de nieve
Ring = rodear
Stroll = dar un paseo
VOCABULARY
GRAMMAR
VOCABULARY
Omen = presagio
Xerox machine = fotocopiadora
X-ray machine = mquina que hace radiografas
Heated = climatizado, trmico (piscina)
Once-in-a-lifetime (adj.) = una vez en la vida
VOCABULARY
Balcony = balcn
Gentle = dulce, suave
Tuck = meter, arropar (nio)
Hostess = anfitriona
GRAMMAR
VOCABULARY
Sail = navegar
Spacecraft = nave espacial
Punch = golpear
VOCABULARY
Flour = harina
Forgetful = olvidadizo
GRAMMAR
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
Waterlogged = inundado
Dry out = resecar
Leather = cuero
Mudslide = derrumbamiento / despredimiento de lodo
Swelling = hinchazn
Stream = arroyo, riachuelo
Uncover = destapar, descubrir, revelar
Carve = tallar, esculpir
Weave (conj.) = Tejer weave / wove / woven
Basket = canasta
Mat = tapete
Loom = telar
Spindle = huso (instrumento, algo ms grueso y ms largo que el de hilar,
que sirve para unir y retorcer dos o ms hilos)
Bow = arco
Harpoon = arpn (cacera)
Hook = anzuelo
Rake = trastrillo
Canoe = canoa
Canoe paddle = remo de canoa
Dorsal fin = aleta dorsal
Figurine = figurita
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
Needy = necesitado
Impoverished = empobrecido
Four-sided = de cuatro lados
GRAMMAR - PASSAGE
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
Inner = interior
Working = funcionamiento
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
GRAMMAR - PASSAGE
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
Quarter = area
Discredit = desacreditar
Threaten = amenazar
Lawsuit = juicio
Contention = disputa, opinin, controversia
Misleading = errneo, engaoso
Underwrite = financiar, asegurar
Go forward = progresar, avanzar
Fancy = imaginacin
Disseminate = diseminar, divulgar, publicar
Feted = agasajado
Espouse = propugnar, defender, amparar
Impetus = mpetu, impulso
Unprecedented = sin precedentes, inaudito (nunca odo)
Direction = indicacin
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
Pattern = diseo
Run away (from) = huir (de)
Hatred = odio
Empower = otorgar poderes
Bothered = molesto, fastidiado
Overcome = superar, vencer
GRAMMAR - PASSAGE
Upon completing her studies (al terminar / apenas termin / ni bien termin)
to spray for mosquitoes (para rociar con insecticida a los mosquitos)
also succumbed to the pesticide spray. (sucumbieron ante)
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
GRAMMAR - PASSAGE
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
Predecessor = antecessor
Swampy = pantanoso, lagunoso
Boardinghouse = casa de huspedes
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
Undergo = sufrir
Bitter = amargo
Indigenous = autctono
Currency = moneda
Roasted = tostado
Pepper = pimiento
Heat = calendar
Grind (conj.) = moler (grind / ground / ground)
Cinnamon = canela
Clove = clavc de olor
Anise = anis
Almond = almendra
Hazelnut = avellana
Orange-flavored = con gusto a naranja
Smooth = alisar, pulir
Plantain = pltano (fruta para cocinar), pltano (rbol)
Harden = endurecerse
Slab = tabla (de madera), bloque
Broth = caldo
Treat = gusto (darse un gusto)
Fashionable = de moda, a la moda
Spring up = surgir, elevarse (edificio)
Refinement = mejora
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
Sweetener = edulcorante
Peel = cscara
Mass-produce = fabricar en serie
VOCABULARY - PASSAGE
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
VOCABULARY PASSAGE
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
VOCABULARY PASSAGE
VOCABULARY - QUESTIONS
GRAMMAR PASSAGE
MINI-TEST 1: Listening
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
GRAMMAR SCRIPT
That way, you wont have it hanging over your head (no ser un peso para ti)
MINI-TEST 2: Listening
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
Upbringing = educacin
Stack = montn, pila
Shelf = estante (de libros)
Call number = nmero de catlogo
Revel in something = deleitarse con algo
Wistfully = con nostalgia
Ankle = tobillo
Reticent = reticente (reservado, desconfiado)
MINI-TEST 3: Listening
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
Pine = pino
Fir = abeto (rbol)
Cucumber = pepino
Roast = tostar
MINI-TEST 4: Listening
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
GRAMMAR SCRIPT
Youre in the same ballpark with most people. (Piensan igual que la mayora de
personas)
MINI-TEST 5: Listening
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
Pointer = pista
Stop by = visitar, pasar por
Alike = parecido
Prevailing = preponderante, imperante (que ejerce la dignidad imperial, que manda y
domina)
GRAMMAR SCRIPT
The British soldier takes a lot of pride in dressing neatly (se toman muy enserio el
vestirse)
MINI-TEST 6: Listening
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
MINI-TEST 7: Listening
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
MINI-TEST 8: Listening
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
GRAMMAR SCRIPT
As a matter of fact, I do. They just arrived a few minutes ago. (La verdad / De
hecho)
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
Cluster = grupo
Straight = recto
Spine = espina
Inhibit = inhibir, dificultar, impedir
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
Replenish = reponer
Pump = bombear
Chest = pecho
Handy = til, prctico
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
Accountable = repsonsable
Feedback = comentario, crtica
Lively = alegre, animado
Vacuum = vaco
Underlay = ser la base de
Antiquity = antigedad
Rejection = rechazo
Reconcile = reconciliar, conciliar
Simply put = en breve, en resumen
Clergy = clero
Fan = avivar, abanicar
Survey = vista general
To have in store = tener en reserva, tener reservado
Give away = reveler
Antique = antigedad
Antiquated = anticuado
Breakthrough = gran avance
Measly = miserable
Floppy = flexible, blando
Bendable = flexible
Attic = tico
Come out = salir, revelarse, lanzarse
Feature = ofrecer
Obsolete = obsolete
Blame = culpar
Laughable = ridculo
Astounding = incredible
Buzzword = palabra / expresin de moda
Sorority = hermandad femenina
Homecoming = regreso a casa
Sheet = sbana
Woolen = de lana
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
Aside = apartado
Outright = rotundamente, indiscutiblemente
Tentative = tentative, inseguro
At best = en el major de los casos
Nearly = casi
Feature = mostrar
Fog = niebla
Land = desembarcar (barco)
Passing = pasajero, rpido
Skeptic = escptico (que no cree)
Clear-cut = claro, bien definido
Present-day = actual
Saga = historia, saga
Certainty = certeza, seguridad
To take something with a grain of salt = tomar algo con escepticismo
Dismiss = descartar, desechar
Altogether = completamente
Address = tratar (deal with)
Largely = en gran parte
To empathize with something = sentirse identificado con algo
To be comprised of something= estar compuesto de algo
Gain = adquirir, obtener, conseguir
Righteous = recto, honrado
Pen = escribir
Keep up = mantenerse al ritmo
Admittely = hay que reconocerlo
A wealth of something = abundancia de algo
Guard = proteger, defender
Torch = antorcha
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
In jeopardy = en riesgo
Disheartening = descorazonador, desalentador
Statement = declaracin, comunicado
Up until = hasta
Tons of = montones de
Slip = error
Very = mismo
Screw up = cagarla, joderla, meter la pata
Break = oportunidad
As a last resort = como ltimo recurso
Theres a lot of hype about something = hay mucha publicidad acerca de algo
Franchising = franquiciamiento
To start from scratch = empezar desde cero
Whats more = adems
Franchisee = concesionario
Garner = cosechar, recoger
Ready-made = confeccionado, preparado
Start-up = arranque
Open up = abrir, establecer
Let alone do something = ni qu hablar de hacer algo, y menos hacer algo
Substandard = de calidad inferior, deficiente
Expertise = pericia, habilidad
Franchiser = franquiciador
To profit from something = sacar provecho de algo
Right on = acertado, justo en el clavo
Dilute = diluir
Youd be better off opening your own restaurant = estaras mejor abriendo tu
propio restaurante
Acumen = sagacidad, perspicacia
Tie down = amarrar, atar
Jet lag = desfase horario
Off = inaceptable, desagradable
Spin = girar
If you happen to see her = si por casualidad la ves
Break down = fracasar, derribar, acabar con
Tick off = molestar, fastidiar
Dry campus = Term used for the banning of alcohol at colleges and universities,
regardless of the owner's age or intention to consume it elsewhere
To stop someone from doing something = evitar que alguien haga algo
Monstrosity = mounstruosidad
Sweeping = amplio, radical
Upper-class = de clase alta
Appearance = apariencia
Latter = ltimo
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
Oddly = curiosamente
Fleet = flota
Seaman= marinero
At the disposal of somebody = a la disposicin de alguien
Seize control of something = tomar control de algo
Amount to = ascender a, equivaler a
Thereafter = a partir de entonces
Cut off = cortar
Subdue = someter, dominar
Seizura = toma, ataque
Spark = provocar, hacer estallar
Rivalry = rivalidad
In turn = de uno en uno
Foray = incursin militar
Foothold = punto de apoyo
Downfall = ruina, cada
Vague = vago, imprecise
Actual = real, verdadero
Tighten up = intensificar
One another = el uno con el otro
Start off = empezar, comenzar
Breath in = inspirar
Breath out = expirer
Stick to something= atenerse a algo, pegarse a algo
It leaves us with = nos deja con
Consumption = consume
Butter somebody up =sobonear a alguien
Ever since = desde
Hook up = enganchar, conectar
Marvelous = maravilloso
Surf the Web = navegar en la Web
Spy on somebody = espiar a alguien
Use up = acabar, gastar
Sit = poner, colocar, hallarse
Bare bones = muy limitado
Grasp = captar (concepto)
Carve = tallar, esculpir, grabar
Claim = afirmar
In laymans terms = en lenguaje accesible
Positive = seguro
State of matter = estado de materia
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
Priest = sacerdote
Mighty = poderoso, fuertsimo
Loot = saquear
Conquer = conquistar
Fruitful = provechoso, fructfero
Chronicle = crnica
Living = vida
Yield = dar, producer
Insight = entendimiento
To have faith in something = tener fe en algo
So-called = as llamado, supuesto, presunto
Obscure = ocultar, impedir ver claramente
Twist = dar un giro
Malice = malicia
Flattery = adulacin, halagos
Write out = escribir
Bid = ofrecer
Defiance = rebelda
Wretched = desdichado, horrible
Fade = decaer, debilitarse
Revitalize = revitalizar
Push aside = apartar
MINI-TEST 4: Reading
VOCABULARY PASSAGE
Markedly = considerablemente
Clear-cut = claro, bien definido
Revolve= girar, rotar
Fit in = adaptarse
Lie = encontrase, situarse
VOCABULARY QUESTIONS
MINI-TEST 5: Reading
VOCABULARY PASSAGE
Peasantry = campesinado
Self-sufficient = autosuficiente
Scope = alcance, mbito, oportunidades
To give rise to something = dar origen a algo
Venture = empresa, aventura
Liability = responsabilidad, desventaja, impedimento
Incur = provocar
To be wary of something= no fiarse de algo / tener dudas acerca de algo
Eager = ansioso
Entrepreneur = empresario
Flourishing = prspero
Wage-earning = que trabajan por horas
Emerge = salir, aparecer
VOCABULARY QUESTIONS
Landowner = terrateniente
Wheat = trigo
Insubstantial = frgil, inconsistente
Survival = sobrevivencia
MINI-TEST 6: Reading
VOCABULARY PASSAGE
MINI-TEST 7: Reading
VOCABULARY PASSAGE
Settlement = asentamiento
To capitalize on something = sacar provecho de algo
Voice = expresar
Prominent = prominente, destacado, importante
Turn out = producir
Address = tratar (deal with)
Societal reform = reforma social
In the hope that = con la esperanza de que
Slum = barrio
Firsthand= de primera mano
Profound= profundo
Bring about = provocar, ocasionar, traer consigo
Take on = asumir, encargarse
Kindly = bondadoso
Niece = sobrina
Momentous = trascendental, crucial
Rundown = agotado, descompuesto
Convert = convertir
VOCABULARY QUESTIONS
Timely = oportuno
Lift up = levantar, alzar
Stately = majestuoso
Subservient = servil
Cheer = aclamar, animar, aplaudir
Release from = liberar de
Tireless = incansable
VOCABULARY PASSAGE
Reindeer = reno
Outline = bosquejar, trazar
Charcoal = carboncillo (arte)
Ocher = ocre
To derive from something = provenir de algo
Grind (conj.) = machacar, moler, triturar (grind / ground / ground)
Brush = cepillar, rozar
To smear something on / over something = untar algo con algo
Spray = aplicar con pistola pulverizadora
Hollow = hueco, vaco
Stained = machado
Nearby = cerca (adv.)
Puzzling = extrao, misterioso
In the open = al aire libre
Cave painting = pintura rupestre
Recess = hueco (arquitectura)
Far removed = aislado
Cramped = apretado
Cave dweller = caverncola
Scholar = erudite
Herd = manada, rebao
Obliterate = destruir, eliminar, borrar
Conceivable = concebible, imaginable
Arrow = fleche
Spear = lanza, harpoon
MINI-TEST 3: Writing
VOCABULARY PASSAGE
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
MINI-TEST 5: Writing
VOCABULARY PASSAGE
MINI-TEST 4: Writing
Equitable = equitativo
Matery = dominio
Speak out = decir lo que uno piensa
Outspoken = directo, franco
MINI-TEST 6: Writing
The woman whom I met in the airport is now my wonderful wife (a quin conoc en el
aeropuerto)
MINI-TEST 7: Writing
VOCABULARY PASSAGE
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
GRAMMAR PASSAGE
MINI-TEST 8: Writing
Arise = surgir
Underrated = subestimado
MINI-TEST 1: Speaking
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
Fund = financiar
Slow down = disminuir la velocidad
Carve = tallar, esculpir
Crack = rajadura, grieta
Blast off = explotar, detonar
QUESTION 1: You have the opportunity to study something youve never studied
before. Explain what subject you would choose. Include reasons and examples
in your responses.
INTRO: If I had the opportunity to study something Ive never studied before, Id
love to study sound engineering. There are two reasons why I think that.
BODY:
R: The first reason is that I like everything related to technology and music.
E: Id learn things such as mixing music, how to build audio studios and more.
R: In addition to that, the second reason is that It is actually my dream job.
E: Id like to work in many sound engineering areas. For instance: radio, television,
broadcasting and so on.
QUESTION 6: Using points and examples from the talk, explain what point the
speaker is making about the creation of Mount Rushmore.
BODY: The sculptor, John Borglum, began it later in his life at the age of 60,
and he expected to finish it in 5 years. However, it took 15 years, and it was
finished by Borglums son after his fathers death.
The delays were caused because of two problems. One problem was red tape,
which are difficulties dealing with government bureaucracy. The other was
Mother Nature, which means problems with nature. One example of how this
came into play came about when a crack developed in one presidents face.
Thus, Borglum had to destroy that part and start carving it again.
MINI-TEST 3: Speaking
VOCABULARY PASSAGE
Happening = suceso
Get across = comunicar
Leap = salto, brinco
Glitch = fallo en el sistema
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
QUESTION 1: Discuss how your generation is different from the generations that
preceded it. Explain what subject you would choose. Include reasons and
examples to support your response
INTRO: There are two ways my generation is different from older generations.
BODY:
CONLUSION:
QUESTION 3: The students discuss how they feel about a certain section of the
syllabus from one of their classes. State how they react to this section of the
syllabus.
QUESTION 6: Using points and examples from the talk, explain the idea the
professor is trying to get across.
INTRODUCTION: In the talk, the lecturer discusses countable and uncountable
meanings for nouns.
MINI-TEST 5: Speaking
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
Steam = vapor
QUESTION 1: Describe the places youd take visitors to your hometown to see.
Include reasons and details to support your response.
BODY:
R: The first reason is that it is a place where there is a great variety of things to do.
E: People can, for instance, eat in a restaurant, then go to the movies or go to a party
and so on.
R: In addition to that, the second reason is that this place is near the beach.
E: Thus, people can do a lot of things such as enjoying the beautiful view or getting
into the ocean.
QUESTION 6: Using points and examples from the talk, explain what is
interesting about Old Faithful specifically and geysers in general.
INTRODUCTION: In the talk, the lecturer discusses geysers and specially its
uneven distribution around the world.
BODY: First of all, he says that a geyser is a special type of hot spring and he
provides an example of a geyser referred to as Old Faithful. What is interesting
about this geyser is that it erupts on a regular schedule, while other geysers are
irregular.
Furthermore, he says that therere only 700 active geysers located in only 4
areas, and 400 of them are found in Yellowstone National Park.
MINI-TEST 7: Speaking
VOCABULARY PASSAGE
QUESTION 1: Explain what you do to relieve stress and why you do it. Include
reasons and examples in your response.
INTRO: In order to relieve stress, I play outdoor sports such as soccer. The
following reason will support my response.
BODY:
QUESTION 3: The students state their opinion about the notice from university
administration. State their opinions and why they seem to feel that way.
READING
QUESTION 6: Using points and examples from the talk, discuss the various
types of forest fires.
INTRODUCTION:
fires.
BODY: The
first type is called surface fire. It moves slowly and can kill small
plants and trees.
The second type is referred to as crown fire. This fire burns the top of the trees.
Moreover, it is very fast-moving and can cause the most property damage and
even loss of life.
The third and last type of fire is called ground fire. It is an underground fire
which is very slow-moving and usually kills most trees because it burns their
roots.
MINI-TEST 2: Speaking
VOCABULARY PASSAGE
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
BODY:
R: The first reason is that when you have a lot of money, you usually lose your true
friends and, instead, you get new friends who are interested only in your money.
E: The biggest example of this that comes to mind is when someone who used to
be your friend tries to get closer to you because this person just found out that you had
a lot of money.
R: In addition to that, the second reason is that most extremely wealthy people
never reach happiness.
E: For instance, if you look at many multimillionaires, you will notice that they always
lack something such as true love and they usually are selfish and miserly.
READING
million dollars, and the other doesnt. In conclusion, the first brother is living
sustainably because he never wastes the original 1 million dollars.
OPINION: As far as Im concerned, I think the best way to get the project
done on time is the one proposed by the woman because no one knows what
could happen later and a schedule always help organize your time.
MINI-TEST 4: Speaking
VOCABULARY PASSAGE
Underway = en proceso
Cut = reducer, cortar
Ownership = propiedad
Trade = comerciar, intercambiar
Prevalent = frecuente, comn
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
Overstate = exagerar
In the midst of something = en el medio de algo
Dorm = residencia de estudiantes
QUESTION 2: Some people think its better to live with a host family when
studying abroad, while others prefer to get their own apartments. Which would
you prefer, and why? Use reasons and examples to support your response.
INTRO: Id rather live with a host family without thinking twice, and there are
2 reasons why I think that.
BODY:
R: The first reason is that since you are living with a host family, you are not
supposed to be embarrassed when you ask that person for help.
E: For instance, Im planning to live with my uncle in New Jersey because he already
knows me and he could help me find a job, know the American culture and so on.
R: In addition to that, the second reason is that you wouldnt spend money on
paying for an apartment.
E: Therefore, you wouldnt have to worry about things such as paying bills, cooking,
etc.
CONLUSION:
READING
LISTENING
BODY: First of all, the man points out the downsides to living in an apartment.
He says shell have to pay rent, take care of bills, shop for food and cook by
herself if she comes to the decision to move into an apartment.
However, he also mentions the benefits of it. For instance, she wouldnt have to
follow so many rules and she would get more privacy.
MINI-TEST 6: Speaking
VOCABULARY PASSAGE
Long-standing = largo
Premise = premisa (seal o indicio por donde se infiere algo)
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
Contest = disputar
QUESTION 2: Some people prefer to study a little in many subjects, while others
would prefer to study a single subject in depth. Which do you prefer, and why?
Use specific details and examples to support your response.
INTRO: Id rather study a single subject in depth without thinking twice. The
following reasons will support my response.
BODY:
R: The first reason is that youd be able to focus on the subject you really want to
study and be satisfied with it.
E: For example, if you like painting and you fully focus on it, Im sure youd be
completely satisfied later.
R: In addition to that, the second reason is that nowadays people require more
specialization. Therefore, spending time on other areas would be useless.
E: For instance, Id like to study music in the future. Thus, subjects such as botanic or
architecture would be of no use to my aspirations.
CONLUSION:
READING
LISTENING
BODY: The man thinks the best way to prepare for exams is to wait until the
night before the exam and then study all night.
The woman, however, believes the best way is to prepare some every night for
a week or so and then sleep well the night before the exam.
MINI-TEST 8: Speaking
VOCABULARY PASSAGE
Acclaim = aclamacin
Stint = perodo, temporada
VOCABULARY SCRIPT
BODY:
R: The first reason is that it is comfortable living in place like that because you feel
neither too much heat nor too much cold.
E: For example, the place where I live, Lima, allows me to feel comfortable with the
weather all the time
R: In addition to that, the second reason is that since the weather is moderate, you
can go out anytime of the year.
E: For instance, in other countries you cant go out because of either a snowy day or
an extreme rain.
READING
LISTENING
BODY: The course is offered in either the summer or the fall so he is uncertain
about when to take it. The course offered in the summer is covered in 2 weeks,
while the other is spread out over 10 weeks. The woman believes he should
take the course offered in the fall because that class is really hard and he may
not have enough time.
LISTENING TECHNIQUES
CONVERSATION 1
TALK 1
CONVERSATION 2
TALK 2
CONVERSATION 3
TALK 3
CONVERSATION 4
TALK 4
CONVERSATION 5
TALK 5
CONVERSATION 6
TALK 6
What can be concluded from the discussion, about 5 percent of the worlds
earthquakes?
SKILL 3 = Understand the function
Why did the professor most likely discuss these earthquakes and plate tectonics in the
same lecture?
CONVERSATION 7
TALK 7
CONVERSATION 8
TALK 8
WRITING TECHNIQUES
INTEGRATED TASK
1st paragraph: How the ideas in the reading passage and the listening
passage are related?
In this set of materials the reading passage presents , and the listening passage
focuses on
In this set of materials the reading passage discusses (noun) ,while the listening
passage discusses (noun)
2nd paragraph
3rd paragraph
Giving examples
Contrasting ideas
INDEPENDENT TASK
Background information:
In my culture in my family
From my work as a
How the author feels about the topic: there are several good reasons why
(something) is preferable to (something)
I have seen how important / effective (noun) can be
Sentence that shows how the essay will be organized: there are several good
reasons why
Other types of (noun) that (noun / person) might want to consider are (first idea) and
(second idea)
2nd paragraph:
3rd paragraph:
Authors opinion:
Thus, / In conclusion, / In summary, it can be seen that
(Topic) are / is vital if
Summary of the authors supporting ideas
SPEAKING TECHNIQUES
Topic sentence:
I think a (adj.) (noun) is both (first characteristic) and (second characteristic)
The most important characteristic between them is (the fact that +(noun)+(verb))
(Reason)
(Example)
However, I think its also important (for a thing) to be / to have (second characteristic)
(Reason)
(Example)
Topic sentence:
PERSONAL RESPONSE
There are two reasons why I think that
(Reason)
(Example)
(Reason)
(Example)
Topic sentence:
PERSONAL RESPONSE
(Reason)
(Example)
(Reason)
(Example)
(Where would you like to be professionally in ten years? Use details to support
your response, if you suddenly got $10 million, what would you spend it on? Use
details to support your response )
Topic sentence:
PERSONAL RESPONSE
Adverb of time
Adverb of time
PAIRED-CHOICE TASK:
Topic sentence:
Id rather (verb base form)
(Reason)
(Example)
(Reason)
(Example)
First of all, the reading passage is a (noun) This (noun) explains that
(Reason)
(Example)
2nd paragraph: Information from the listening passage with respect to the
reading passage
Disadvantages:
The downside to this / the disadvantage of this is that
Advantages:
The benefit of this / the advantage of this is that
Disadvantages:
The downside to this / the disadvantage of this is that
Advantages:
The benefit of this / the advantage of this is that
2 (Reasons)
(Conclusion)
Giving examples
The biggest example that comes to mind is
An example of how (supporting detail) comes into play is
In my country / In my culture
Explaining reasons
The reason why I