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C

hapter 1

SIMPLE STRESSES
1.1 INTRODUCTION

Three fundamental areas of engineering mechanics


1. Statics of Rigid Bodies
2. Dynamics of Rigid Bodies
3. Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Statics and Dynamics are devoted primarily to the study of external effects of force on
rigid bodies. But in Strength of Materials, deformations, however small, are of major
interest. The relations between externally applied loads and their internal effects are
studied here.
1-2 Analysis of Internal Forces
Each component reflects a different effect on the
applied loads on the member and is given special
name.

Figure1-1 Exploratory section a-a


through loaded member.

Pxx (Axial/Normal Force)


Denoted as P. This component measures the
pulling or pushing action perpendicular to the
section.
(Pull) - Tensile force tends to elongate the member
(Push) - Compressive force tend to shorten the
member
Pxy, Pxz (Shear Force)
Denoted as V. These are components of the
total resistance to sliding the portion to one
side of the exploratory section past the other.
Mxx (Torque)
Denoted as T. This measures the resistance
to twisting the member.

Figure 1-2 Components of internal


effects on exploratory section a-a

Mxy, Mxz (Bending Moments)


Denoted as M. This measure the resistance to
bending the member about Y or Z axes.

Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

1-3 SIMPLE STRESS


measure of the strength of a material
the capacity of the material in carrying the load
By formula:
Where:
= stress
P = applied load
A = cross-sectional area
NORMAL STRESS
resisting area is perpendicular to the applied force

Figure 1-3 Types of Normal Stress


Tensile stresses are considered positive increase in length.
Compressive stresses are considered negative producing a decrease in length

In Metric System:

N
= mm2

= MPa

1 Pascal
In English System:
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

lb
ft 2
lb

= psf

= 2 = psi

kips
ft 2

= ksf

kips
2

= ksi

Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

Illustrative Problems:
1. A hollow steel tube with an inside diameter of 100 mm must carry a tensile load of
400 Kn. Determine the outside diameter of the tube if the stress is limited to 120 MN/m 2.

Solution:

P = 400 kN = 400000 N
= 120 MPa
A=
=
Thus,
400 000 = 120 [

D2 =
D = 119.35 mm

Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

2. A homogeneous 800-kg bar AB is supported at either end by a cable as shown.


Calculate the smallest area of each cable if the stress is not to exceed 90 MPa in
bronze and 120 MPa in steel.

Solution:

3. The Homogenous bar shown below is supported by a smooth pin at C and a cable
that runs from A to B around the smooth peg at D. Find the stress in the cable if its
diameter is 0.6 in. and the bar 6000 lb.

FBD:
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

30.96
A

3m
B

5m

C
5m

6000lb
Solution:

T (5) +T (10) (sin 30.96) =6000(5)


T= 2,957.3lb

2,957.3 = (3.14/4)(0.6)2

= 10,458.72 psi

4. A rod is composed of an aluminum section rigidly attached between steel and bronze
sections as shown. Axial loads are applied at the position indicated. If P= 3000 lb and
the cross-sectional area of the rod is 0.5 in.2, determine the stress in each section.

Solution:

Exercise 1.1

NORMAL STRESSES
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

PROBLEMS:
1.

An aluminum rod is rigidly attached between a steel rod and a bronze rod as
shown in. Axial loads are applied at the positions indicated. Find the maximum
value of P that will not exceed a stress in steel of 140 MPa, in aluminum of 90
MPa, or in bronze of 100 MPa.

2. Determine the largest weight W that can be supported by two wires shown. The
stress in either wire is not to exceed 30 ksi. The cross-sectional areas of wires
AB and AC are 0.4 in2 and 0.5 in2, respectively.

3. A 12-in. square steel bearing plate lies between an 8-in. diameter wooden post
and a concrete footing as shown below. Determine the maximum value of the
axial load P if the stress in wood is limited to 1800 psi and that in concrete to 650
psi.

4. For the truss shown below, calculate the stresses in members CE, DE, and DF.
The cross-sectional area of each member is 1.8 in2. Indicate tension (T) or
compression (C).

Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

5. Find the stresses in members BC, BD, and CF for the truss shown below.
Indicate the tension or compression. The cross-sectional area of each member is
1600 mm2.

6. The homogeneous bar ABCD shown below is supported by a cable that runs
from A to B around the smooth peg at E, a vertical cable at C, and a smooth
inclined surface at D. Determine the mass of the heaviest bar that can be
supported if the stress in each cable is limited to 100 MPa. The area of the cable
AB is 250 mm2 and that of the cable at C is 300 mm2.

1-3 SHEARING STRESS


a stress caused by force acting along or parallel to the area resisting the force
is tangential to the area and has units similar to normal stress, Pa or N/m 2.
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

Material is subjected to a set of equal opposite forces. There is a tendency for one layer
of the material to slide over another to produce the form of failure, if this failure is
restricted then shear stress
is set up.

COMPARISON OF AXIAL AND SHEARING STRESSES


1. Axial Stress/ Normal Stress
caused by forces acting perpendicular to the area resisting the force
a. Tensile Stress
b. Compressive Stress
Axial Force
Perpendicular Area
2. Shearing Stress
V
A

Shearing force
Parallel area

EXAMPLES OF SHEAR
a. A rivet that resists shear across its cross- sectional area
Single Shear
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

b. The bolt resist shear across two cross-sectional areas (double shear)
Double Shear

c. A circular slug which is about to be punched out of a plate

Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

Illustrative Problems
1. What force is required to punch a 20-mm-diameter hole in a plate that is 25 mm
thick? The shear strength is 350 MN/m2.
Solution:
The resisting area is the shaded area along the perimeter and the shear force is equal
to the punching force.

P = 350 [ (20) (25)]


P = 549 778.7 N

P = 549.8 kN

2. A hole is to be punched out of a plate having a shearing strength of 40 ksi. The


compressive stress in the punch is limited to 50 ksi. (a) Compute the maximum
thickness of plate from which a hole 2.5 inch in diameter can be punched. (b) If
the plate is 0.25 inch thick, determine the diameter of the smallest hole that can
be punched.

Solution:

Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

(a) Maximum thickness of plate


Based on puncher strength:
P = A
= 50[1/4 (2.52)]
= 78.125 kips equivalent shear force of the plate

Based on shear strength of plate:


V = A
78.125 = 40[ (2.5t)]
t = 0.781 inch

(b) Diameter of smallest hole


Based on compression of puncher:
P = A
= 50 (1/4 d2)
= 12.5d2 equivalent shear force for plate
Based on shearing of plate:
V = A
V=P
12.5d2 = 40[d (0.25)]
d = 0.8 inch

Exercise 1.2

SHEARING STRESSES
PROBLEMS:
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

1. Find the smallest diameter bolt that can be used in the clevis shown if P= 400
Kn. The shearing strength for the bolt is 300 MPa.

2. A 200-mm-diameter pulley is prevented from rotating relative to 60-mmdiameter shaft by a 70-mm-long key, as shown. If a torque T = 2.2 kNm is
applied to the shaft, determine the width b if the allowable shearing stress in
the key is 60 MPa.

3. Compute the shearing stress in the pin at B for the member supported as
shown below. The pin diameter is 20 mm.

Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

4. The members of the structure shown weigh 200lb/ft. Determine the smallest
diameter pin that can be used at A if the shearing stress is limited to 5000 psi.
assume single shear.

5. In the figure shown below, compute the maximum force P that can be applied
by the machine operator if the shearing stress in the pin at B and the axial
stress in the control rod at C are limited to 4000 psi and 5000 psi, respectively.
The diameters are 0.25 inch for the pin, and 0.50 inch for the control rod.
Assume single shear for the pin at B.

Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

1-5 BEARING STRESS


A stress caused by the contact pressure between separate bodies

Where:
b= Bearing stress
Pb= Applied load
Ab= projected Area

Illustrative Problem
1. Assume that a 20-mm-diameter rivet joins the plates that are each 110 mm wide.
The allowable stresses are 120 MPa for bearing in the plate material and 60 MPa
for shearing of rivet. Determine (a) the minimum thickness of each plate; and (b)
the largest average tensile stress in the plates.

Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

Solution:
Part (a):
From shearing of rivet:
P= Arivets
P= 60 [1/4 (202)]
P = 6000 N

Part (b):
Largest average tensile stress in the
plate:

From bearing of plate material:

6000 = [7.85(110-20)]
= 26.67 MPa

6000 = 120 (20t)


t = 7.85 mm

2. The lap joint shown below is fastened by four in. diameter rivets. Calculate the
maximum safe load P that can be applied if the shearing stress in the rivets is
limited to 14 ksi and the bearing stress in the plates is limited to 18 ksi. Assume
the applied load is uniformly distributed among the four rivets.

Given:
n=4

Solution:
For shearing stress: T=F/A

t=7/8 in.
d=3/4 in.

14,000=P/4/ (3.14/4) (3/4) ^2


P= 2,474.04 lb. or 24.74 kips

For bearing stress: =F/A 18,000=P/4/ (3/4) (7/8)

P=? (Max. Safe Load)

P= 47,250 lb. Or 47.25 kips

T=14 ksi
=18 ksi

Psafe= 24.74 kips


Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

Exercise 1.3

BEARING STRESSES
PROBLEMS:
1. In the clevis shown below, find the minimum bolt diameter and the minimum
thickness of each yoke that will support a load P = 14 kips without exceeding a
shearing stress of 12 ksi and a bearing stress of 20 ksi.

2. A 7/8 in. diameter bolt, having a diameter at the root of the threads of 0.731 inch,
is used to fasten two timbers together as shown below. The nut is tightened to
cause a tensile stress of 18 ksi in the bolt. Compute the shearing stress in the
head of the bolt and in the threads. Also, determine the outside diameter of the
washers if their inside diameter is 9/8 inch and the bearing stress is limited to 800
psi.

Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

3. A roof truss and the detail of the riveted connections at joint B are shown. Using
allowable stresses of 70 MPa and the bearing stress is 140 MPa, how many 19mm diameter rivets are required to fasten member BC to the gusset plate?
Member BE? What is the largest average tensile or compressive stress in BC
and BE?

1.6 THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSELS


A cylindrical tank carrying a gas or fluid under a pressure p is subjected to tensile
forces that resist the bursting forces developed-across longitudinal and transverse
sections.

Along Longitudinal Section

Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

The forces acting are the total pressures caused by the internal pressure p and the total
tension in the walls T.

- Tangential stress

Along Transverse Section

The total force acting at the rear of the tank F must equal to the total longitudinal stress
on the wall PT = LAwall. Since t is so small compared to D, the area of the wall is close to
Dt

- Longitudinal stress
It can be observed that the tangential stress is twice that of the longitudinal stress.
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

Illustrative Problems
1. A cylindrical steel pressure vessel 400 mm in diameter with a wall thickness of 20 mm
is subjected to an internal pressure of 4.5 MN/m 2.
a. Calculate the tangential and longitudinal stresses in the steel.
b. To what value may the internal pressure be increased if the stress in the steel is
limited to 120 MN/m2?
c. If the internal pressure were increased until the vessel bursts, sketch the type of
fracture that would occur.
Solution:
a. Tangential stress (longitudinal
section):
b.

o.
p.
q.

c.

r.

d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.

s. From (a),

and

thus,

, this shows that

tangential stress is the critical.

m. Longitudinal Stress (transverse


section):
n.

t.
u.

v.
w.
x. 2. The wall thickness of a 4-ft diameter spherical tank is 5/16 inch. Calculate the
allowable internal pressure if the stress is limited to 8000 psi.
y. Solution:
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

z.

Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

aa.
ab.
ac.
ad.
ae.
af.

ag.
ah.

Exercise 1.4

THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSELS

ai. PROBLEMS:
1. A water tank, 22 ft diameter, is made from steel plates that are in. thick. Find
the maximum height to which the tank may be filled if the circumferential stress is
limited to 6000 psi. The specific weight of water is 62.4 lb/ft 3.
aj.
2. The strength of the longitudinal joint shown below is 33 kips/ft, whereas for the
girth joint it is 16 kips/ft. Calculate the maximum diameter of the cylindrical tank if
the internal pressure is 150 psi.
ak.
al.
am.

an.
ao.

Exercise 1.1

NORMAL STRESSES

ap.ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS:


aq.
ar.

as. 1. An aluminum rod is rigidly attached between a steel rod and a bronze rod as
shown in. Axial loads are applied at the positions indicated. Find the maximum
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

value of P that will not exceed a stress in steel of 140 MPa, in aluminum of 90
MPa, or in bronze of 100 MPa.
at.
au.
av.
aw.
ax.
ay.
az.
ba.
bb.
bc.
bd.
be.
bf.
bg.
bh.
bi.
bj.
bk.
bl.
bm.
bn.
bo.
bp.
bq.
br.
bs.
bt.
bu.
bv.
bw.

bx.

SOLUTION:

For bronze:
100(200) = 2P
P = 10 000 N
For aluminum:
90(400) = P
P = 36 000 N
For Steel:

P = 14 000 N

PSAFE = 10.0 kN

by.
bz.
ca. 2. Determine the largest weight W that can be supported by two wires shown.
The stress in either wire is not to exceed 30 ksi. The cross-sectional areas of
wires AB and AC are 0.4 in2 and 0.5 in2, respectively.
cb.
cc.
cd.
ce.
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

cf.
cg.
ch.
ci.
cj. Solution:
ck.
cl. Free body
diagram of Joint A
cm.

cy.
cz.

cn.

da.

co.

db. Force polygon of forces on knot A

cp.
cq.

cx.

FBD of knot A

cr. For wire AB:

dc. For wire AC:


dd.

cs. By sine law


de.
ct.
cu.
cv.
cw.

df.
dg.
dh.
Wsafe =di.17.1 kips

dj.
dk.
dl.
dm.
dn.
do.
dp.
dq. 3. A 12-in. square steel bearing plate lies between an 8-in. diameter wooden post
and a concrete footing as shown below. Determine the maximum value of the
axial load P if the stress in wood is limited to 1800 psi and that in concrete to 650
psi.
dr.
ds.
dt.
du.
dv.
dw.
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

dx.
dy.
dz.
ea.
eb.

Solution:

ec.
ed.

For

wood:
ee.
ef.
eg.
= 1800 [ (82)]
eh.
= 90 477.0 lb
ei.
ej.
From FBD of Wood:
ek.
P = PW = 90 477.9 lb
el.
em.
For Concrete:
en.
eo.
ep.
= 650(122)
eq.
= 93 600 lb
er.
es.
From FBD of Concrete
et.
eu.
P = PC = 93 600 lb
ev.
PSAFE = 90 478 lb
ew.
ex.
ey.
ez.
fa.
fb. 4. For the truss shown below, calculate the stresses in members CE, DE, and
DF. The cross-sectional area of each member is 1.8 in2. Indicate tension (T) or
compression (C).
fc.
fd.
fe.
ff.
fg.
fh.
fi.
fj.
fk. Solution:
fl.
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

fm.

gc.
gd.
ge.

fn.

gf.
gg. At joint E:

fo.
fp.
At joint F:
fq.
fr.

gh.
gi.
gj.
gk.
gl.
gm.
gn.

fs.
ft.

go.

fu.
fv. At joint D:
fw.
fx.
fy.
fz.
ga. By symmetry
gb.

gp.
gq.
gr.
gs.
gt.
gu.
gv.

gw.
gx.
gy.
gz.
ha.
hb.
hc. 5. Find the stresses in members BC, BD, and CF for the truss shown below.
Indicate the tension or compression. The cross-sectional area of each member is
1600 mm2.
hd.
he.
hf.
hg.
hh.
hi.
hj.
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

hk.
hl. Solution:
hm.

hn.
ho. For member BD: (see FBD 01)

ia. CF = 275.77Kn (Compression)

hp. MC = 0

ib.

hq. 3(4/5 BD) = 3(60)

ic. 275.77(1000) =

hr. BD = 75 kN (Tension)

id.

hs.

ie.

ht.

if. For Member BC: (see FBD 02)

hu. 75 (1000) =
hv.

(1600)

= 46. 875 MPa (Tension)

(1600)

= 172.357 MPa (Compression)

ig. MD = 0
ih. 4BC = 7(60)

hw.

ii. BC = 105 kN (Compression)

hx. For member CF: (see FBD 01)

ij.

hy. MD = 0

ik. 105(1000) =

(1600)

hz. 4 (1/2 CF) = 4(90) + 7(60)

il.

65.625

MPa

(Compression)
im. 6. The homogeneous bar ABCD shown below is supported by a cable that runs
from A to B around the smooth peg at E, a vertical cable at C, and a smooth
inclined surface at D. Determine the mass of the heaviest bar that can be
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

supported if the stress in each cable is limited to 100 MPa. The area of the cable
AB is 250 mm2 and that of the cable at C is 300 mm2.
in.
io.
ip.
iq.
ir.
is.
it.
iu.
iv.
iw.
ix.
iy.
iz.
ja.
jb.
jc.

Given:
Maximum allowable stress in cable = 100 MPa
Area of cable AB = 250 mm2
Area of cable C = 300 mm2
Required:
Maximum mass of bar that can be supported
Solution:

jd.
je.
jf.
jg.
jh.
ji. FH = 0]

jt.

jj. TABcos 300 = RD sin 500

TAB

RD = 1.1305 TAB

jk.

TC = W 2.2267

ju.

jl.

jv. MD = 0]

jm.

jw. 6(TAB sin 300) + 4 TAB + 2 TC = 3W

jn.

jx.

7 TAB + 2(W 2.2267 TAB) = 3W

jo.

jy.

jp. Fv = 0]

jz.

jq. TAB sin 300 + TAB + TC + RD cos

0.3827 W

500 = W
jr.

TAB sin 300 + TAB + TC +


(1.1305TAB) cos 500

js. 2.2267 TAB + TC = W

2.5466 TAB = W
TAB =

ka. Therefore:
kb.

TC = W 2.2267 TAB

kc.

TC = W 2.2267 (0.3827

W)
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

kd.

TC = 0.1256 W

km.

ke. From cable AB:


kf.

kn.

TAB = AB AAB

W = 238 853. 50 N

ko.

kg. 0.3927W = 100 (250)


kh.

0.1256W = 100 (300)

kp. Therefore:

W = 63661.83 N

kq.

Wsafe = 63661.83 N

ki.

kr.

W = mg

kj.

ks.

63661.83 N = m (9.81

m/s2)

kk. From cable C:


kl.

TC = c AC

kt.
m = 6489.48 kg or 6.48Mg

ku.

kv. Exercise 1.2


kw.

SHEARING STRESSES

kx. ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS:


ky.
1. Find the smallest diameter bolt that can be used in the clevis shown if P= 400 Kn.
The shearing strength for the bolt is 300 MPa.
kz.
la.
lb.

Solution:
lc.

The bolt is subject to double shear.


ld.

le.

V = A

400(1000) = 300 [2(1/4d2)]

2. A 200-mm-diameter
d = 29.13 pulley
mm is prevented from rotating relative to 60-mm-diameter
shaft by a 70-mm-long key, as shown. If a torque T = 2.2 kNm is applied to the
shaft, determine the width b if the allowable shearing stress in the key is 60 MPa.
lf.
lg.
lh.
li.
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

lj.
lk.

Solution:

ll.
lm.
ln.
lo.
lp.
lq.
lr.

FBD of Pin

ls.

lt.
T = 0.03 F
2.2= 0.03 F

lu.
lv.
lw.

F = 73.33 kN

lx.
ly.

Where:

lz.

V= F= 73.33 Kn

ma.

A = 70b

mb.

= 60 MPa
mc.

md.
me.

thus,
73.33 (1000) = 60(70b)
b = 17.46 mm

3. Compute the shearing stress in the pin at B for the member supported as shown
below. The pin diameter is 20 mm.
mf.
mg.
mh.
mi.
mj.
mk.
ml. Solution:
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

mm.

mn.
mo.
mp.
mq.
mr.
ms.
mt.

Free Body Diagram

mu.

From the FBD:

ne. RB = RBH2 + RBV2

mv.

MC = 0

nf.

= 32.7662+ 49.1562

mw.
+
mx.
my.
mz.

0.25RBV = 0.25(40 sin 35)

ng.

= 59.076 kN shear force of

RBV = 49.156 kN

na. FH = 0
nb. RBH = 40 cos 35
nc.

pin at B

0.2 (40 cos 35)

= 32.766 kN

nh. VB = B A double shear


ni. 59.076 (1000) = B{2[1/4(202)]}
B nj.
= 94.02 MPa
nk.

nd.
nl.
4. The members of the structure shown weigh 200lb/ft. Determine the smallest
diameter pin that can be used at A if the shearing stress is limited to 5000 psi.
assume single shear.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. Solution:
10.
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24. In the figure shown below, compute the maximum force P that can be applied by
the machine operator if the shearing stress in the pin at B and the axial stress in
the control rod at C are limited to 4000 psi and 5000 psi, respectively. The
diameters are 0.25 inch for the pin, and 0.50 inch for the control rod. Assume
single shear for the pin at B.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29. Solution:
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.

44.
45.

Exercise 1.3

BEARING STRESSES
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

46. ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS:


1. In the clevis shown below, find the minimum bolt diameter and the minimum
thickness of each yoke that will support a load P = 14 kips without exceeding a
shearing stress of 12 ksi and a bearing stress of 20 ksi.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.

Solution:

52.

For shearing of rivets (double shear)

53.

P = a
14 = 12[2(1/4d2)]

54.
55.

d = 0.8618 in. diameter of bolt

56.

For bearing of yoke:


P = bAb
14 = 20 [2(0.8618t)]
t = 0.4061 inch thickness of yoke

57.

58.
59.
60.

2. A 7/8 in. diameter bolt, having a diameter at the root of the threads of 0.731 inch,
is used to fasten two timbers together as shown below. The nut is tightened to
cause a tensile stress of 18 ksi in the bolt. Compute the shearing stress in the
head of the bolt and in the threads. Also, determine the outside diameter of the
washers if their inside diameter is 9/8 inch and the bearing stress is limited to 800
psi.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

66. Solution:
67.

Tensile force on the bolt:

68.
69.
70.

Shearing stress in the head of the bolt:

71.
72.

Chapter 1: Simple Stresses

73.

Shearing stress in the threads

74.
75.
76.
77.

Outside diameter of washer

78.
79.
80.
81.
3. A roof truss and the detail of the riveted connections at joint B are shown. Using
allowable stresses of 70 MPa and the bearing stress is 140 MPa, how many 19mm diameter rivets are required to fasten member BC to the gusset plate?
Member BE? What is the largest average tensile or compressive stress in BC
and BE?
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90. Solution:
91.
92.
93.
94.

95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
Therefore, use 5-19 mm diameter
rivet to connect member BE to
gusset plate

102.
103.
104.
105.
Therefore, use 7-19 mm diameter
106.
rivet to connect member BC to
gusset plate
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.

113. Exercise 1.4


114.
115.

THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSELS

ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS:

116.
1. A water tank, 22 ft diameter, is made from steel plates that are in. thick. Find
the maximum height to which the tank may be filled if the circumferential stress
is limited to 6000 psi. The specific weight of water is 62.4 lb/ft 3.

117.

Solution:

118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.

hmax= 52.45 ft.

130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.

2. The strength of the longitudinal joint shown below is 33 kips/ft, whereas

for the girth joint it is 16 kips/ft. Calculate the maximum diameter of the cylindrical
tank if the internal pressure is 150 psi.
137.
138.
139.

140.

Solution:

141.
142.

143.

144.
145.

146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.

153.
154.
155.
156.
157.

Dmax= 35.56 inch

158.

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