C

hapter 6

Beam Deflections
INTRODUCTION

Beam Deflections, in this chapter we consider the rigidity of beams. From the
word itself, it is the amount of deformation of beams. The deformation of a beam is
usually expressed in terms of its deflections from its original unloaded position. The
deflection is measured from the original neutral surface of the beam to the neutral
surface of the deformed beam. The configuration assumed by the deformed neutral
surface is known as the elastic curve of the beam.

One of the most important applications of beam deflections is to obtain equations

with which, in combination with the conditions of static equilibrium, statically
indeterminate beams can be analysed.

Methods used in determining beam deflections

1. Double Integration
2. Area-Moment Method

Double-Integration Method
Formula/Process:

EI

d y2
=M
d x2

d y2
EI
=M
d x2
EI

dy
=Mdx+ C1
dx

EI

dy
=Mdx+ C1
dx

1st Integration

2nd Integration

EI y=Mdxdx+C 1 x +C 2

Where:
Y = value of deflection (downward movement) of beam from the
deflected beam (mm)
EI = Flexural Rigidity of beam (N.mm2)
E = Modulus of Elasticity (N/mm2)
I = Moment of Inertia of beam (cross section @ neutral axis) (mm4)
M = Moment equation of beam
C1

C2

= Constants of Integration

Illustrative Problems
1. Determine the maximum deflection

length L carrying a concentrated load

Figure:

in a simply supported beam of

P

at midspan.

Solution:
EI y ' ' =M
1
1
EI y ' ' = PxP x L
2
2

)
2

1
1
1
EI y = P x 2 P x L +C1
4
2
2

'

EIy=

1
1
1
P x 3 P x L +C 1 x +C 2
12
6
2

@ x=0 ; y =0,Therefore , C 2=0

@ x=L ; y=0
1
1
1
P L3 P L L +C 1 L+0
12
6
2

0=

1
1
P L3 P L3 +C 1 L
12
48

C1 =

Thus,

0=

1
P L2
16

EIy=

1
1
1
1
P x 3 P x L P L2 x
12
6
2
16

Maximum deflection will occur

1
@ x= L
2

(midspan)

EI y max =

1
1 3 1 1
1 3 1
1
P L P L L P L2 L
12 2
6 2
2
16
2

EI y max =

1
1
P L30 P L3
96
32

y max =

( )

( )

P L3
48 EI

The negative sign indicates that the deflection is below the undeformed neutral
axis.

Therefore,
max=

P L3
48 EI

2. Determine the maximum deflection

length

in a simply supported beam of

carrying a uniformly distributed load of intensity

over its entire length.

Figure:

wo

applied

Solution:
EI y ' ' =M
1
1
EI y ' ' = wo Lxw o x x
2
2

( )

1
1
''
2
EI y = wo Lx w o x
2
2
1
1
'
2
3
EI y = w o L x w o x +C 1
4
6
EIy=

1
1
3
4
w L x wo x +C 1 x+ C2
12 o
24

@ x=0 ; y =0,Therefore , C 2=0

@ x=L ; y=0
0=

1
1
wo L4 w o L 4+ C1 L+0
12
24

C1 =

1
w L3
24 o

Therefore,
EIy=

1
1
1
w o L x 3 w o x 4 w o L3 x
12
24
24

Maximum deflection will occur

3

1
@ x= L
2

(midspan)
4

EI y max =

1
1
1
1
1
1
w L L w o L w o L3 L
12 o 2
24
2
24
2

EI y max =

1
1
1
4
4
4
wo L
w o L wo L
96
384
48

( )

( )

( )

EI y max =

5
w o L4
384

5 wo L4
max=
384 EI

Taking

W =wo L

L
o L

5
max=

max=

5 W L3
384 EI

3. As shown in the Fig. P-609, a simply supported beam carries two

symmetrically placed concentrated loads. Compute the maximum
deflection .
Figure:

Solution:
By symmetry
R1=R2 =P
EI y ' ' =PxP ( xa )P(xL+a)
1
1
1
EI y ' = P x 2 P ( xa )2 P ( xL+a )2+C 1
2
2
2
1
1
1
EIy= P x 3 P ( xa )3 P ( x L+ a )3 +C1 x+ C2
6
6
6

@ x=0 ; y =0,Therefore , C 2=0

@ x=L ; y=0

(0= 61 P L 61 P ( La) +C L )6
3

0=P L3P ( L33 L2 a+3 L a2a 3 )P a3 +6 C 1 L

0=P L3P L3 +3 P L2 a3 PL a2 + P a3P a3 +6 C 1 L
0=3 P L2 a3 PL a2+ 6 C1 L
C1 =

1
Pa(La)
2

Therefore,
1
1
1
1
EIy= P x 3 P ( xa )3 P ( x L+ a )3 Pa( La) x
6
6
6
2

Maximum deflection will occur

1
@ x= L
2

(midspan)

3
1 1 3 1 1
1
1
EI y max = P L P La Pa ( La ) L
6
2
6 2
2
2

( )

( )

EI y max =

1
1 1
1
1
P L3 P ( L2 a ) P L2 a+ PLa 2
48
6 2
4
4

EI y max =

1
1
1
1
P L3 P [ L33 L2 ( 2 a )+3 L ( 2 a )2( 2 a )3 ] P L2 a+ PLa2
48
6
4
4
EI y max =

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
P L3 P L3 + P L2 a PLa2 + P a 3 P L2 a+ PLa 2
48
48
8
4
6
4
4

EI y max =

1
1
P L2 a+ P a3
8
6

EI y max =

1
2
2
Pa(3 L 4 a )
24

y max =

Pa
2
2
(3 L 4 a )
24 EI

max=

Pa
2
2
(3 L 4 a )
24 EI

4. Compute the value of

Fig. P-611. If

at midspan for the beam loaded as shown in

E=10 GPa , what value of

midspan deflection to
Figure:

EI

1
360

of the span?

is required to limit the

Solution:
M R 2=0
R1 (4 )=300 ( 2 ) (3)
R1=450 N

M R 1=0
R2 (4 )=300 ( 2 ) (1)
R2=150 N

1
1
EI y ' ' =450 x ( 300 ) x 2 + ( 300 ) ( x2 )2
2
2
EI y ' =

EIy=

450 2 300 3 300

x
x +
( x2 )3 +C 1
2
6
6

450 3 300 4 300

x
x +
( x2 )4 +C 1 x +C2
6
24
24

@ x=0 ; y =0,Therefore , C 2=0

@ x=4 ; y=0

0=

450 3 300 4 300

(4)
( 4) +
( 42 )4 +C 1 (4 )
6
24
24

C1 =450 N . m

Therefore,
EIy=

450 3 300 4 300

x
x +
( x2 )4 450 x
6
24
24

@ x=2 m

(midspan)

EI y midspan =

450 3 300 4 300

(2)
(2) +
( 22 )4450(2)
6
24
24

EI y midspan =500 N . m3
EI midspan =500 N . m

Maximum midspan deflection

midspan =

1
1
1
L=
( 4 )= m
360
360
90

midspan =

100
mm
9

Thus,
10000 I

( 1009 )=500(1000 )

I =4 500 000 m m 4
I =4.5 x 10 6 m m4

5. Compute the midspan value

EI

for the beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-

612.
Figure:

Solution:
M R 2=0
R1 (6)=600 ( 3 ) (3.5)
R1=1050 N

M R 1=0
R2 (6)=600 ( 3 ) (2.5)
R2=750 N

1
1
EI y ' ' =1050 x ( 600 )( x1 )2 + ( 600 ) ( x 4 )2
2
2
1
1
1
EI y ' = (1050) x2 ( 600 ) ( x 1 )3+ ( 600 ) ( x 4 )3+C 1
2
6
6
1
1
1
EIy= ( 1050 ) x 3 (600 )( x1 ) 4+ ( 600 ) ( x4 )4 +C 1 x +C 2
6
24
24

@ x=0 ; y =0,Therefore , C 2=0

@ x=6 ; y =0
1
1
1
0= ( 1050 ) (6)3 ( 600 )( 61 )4 + ( 600 ) ( 64 )4 +C1 (6)
6
24
24
2

C1 =3762.5 N . m

Therefore,
1
1
1
EIy= ( 1050 ) x 3 (600 )( x1 ) 4+ ( 600 ) ( x4 )4 3762.5 x
6
24
24

@ x=3 m

(midspan)

1
1
1
EI y midspan = ( 1050 ) (3)3 ( 600 ) ( 31 )4 + ( 600 ) ( 34 ) 4+ C1 (3)
6
24
24
EI y midspan =6962.5 N . m

Thus,
EI midspan =6962.5 N . m

Exercise 6.2

Beam Deflections
1. For the beam loaded as shown in Figure, determine (a) the deflection and slope
under the load P and (b) the maximum deflection between the supports.

2. Compute the value of EIy at the right end of the overhanging beam shown in Fig.
P-615.

3. If E = 29 x 106 psi, what value of I is required to limit the midspan deflection to

1
360 of the span for the beam in Fig. P-613?

4. For The beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-614, calculate the slope of the elastic
curve over the right support.

5. Determine the value of the couple M for the beam loaded as shown in the Figure
so that the moment of area about A of the M diagram between A and B will be
zero. What is the physical significance of this result?

Theorems of Area-Moment Method

-

A useful and simple method of determining slopes and deflection in

beams it involves.

a. Area of the moment diagram

b. Moment of the area of the moment diagram

Theorem I
The change of slope between tangents drawn to the elastic curve at
1
any two points A and B is equal to the product EI multiplied by the area of
the moment diagram between those two points.

AB
is counterclockwise from the

- positive change of slope,

left tangent

AB
- negative change of slope,

is clockwise from the left

tangent
Formula:
AB=

1
( Area) AB
EI

Where:
(Area)AB = Area of the moment diagram under AB

Theorem II
The deviation of any point B relative to the tangent drawn to the
elastic curve at any point A, in a direction perpendicular to the original

position of the beam is equal to the product of

1
EI

multiplied by the

moment of the area about B of that part of the moment diagram between
points A and B.
Formula:
t B/A=

1
( Area AB ) X B
EI

Where:

( Area AB ) X B = moment of the area of the moment diagram between A

and B

- positive deviation B is located above the tangent

- negative deviation B is located below the tangent

Determining the Area of the Moment Diagram and the moment

of the area of the moment diagram
Using the moment diagram by Parts
-

Process to compute easily the area of the moment diagram and its
moment

Couple or Moment Load

A=CL
M =C

1
X = L
2
Degree: zero

Concentrated Load
1
A= P L2
2
M =Px
1
X = L
3
Degree: first
Uniformly Distributed Load
1
A= P L3
6
M=

1
2
wo x
2

1
X = L
4
Degree: second
Uniformly Varying Load
1
A= P L 4
24
M=

1
2
w x
6 o

1
X = L
5
Degree: third

Application of Theorems of Area-Moment Method

DEFLECTION OF CANTILEVER BEAMS
Note: Tangential Deviation

Can be applied at any point in the elastic curve is the distance from
any point on the elastic curve to a tangent drawn to the curve at
some other point.

But: Deviation generally is not equal to deflection

Cantilever Beam

Illustrative Problems:

1. The cantilever beam shown in Fig. P-636 has a rectangular cross-section 50

mm wide by h mm high. Find the height h if the maximum deflection is not
to exceed 10 mm. Use E = 10 GPa.
Figure:

Solution:

Area

=t C =
A

t C =
A

EI

[ ( )

1
2
1
2
( 16 )( 4 ) x 4 ( 4 )( 2 ) x 2+2
EI
3
2
3

)]

98.67
KN m3
EI

EI =98.67 KN m

( 10 x 103 ) I ( 10 ) =98.67(103 )(109 )

I =986.7 x 106 m m4
I=

b h3
12
986.7 x 106=

50 h3
12

h=618.67 mm

2. For the beam loaded as shown in the Fig. P-637, determine the deflection 6
ft from the wall. Use E = 1.5 x106 psi and I = 40 in4.
Figure:

Solution:

= tB/C =

1
( Area)
EI

= tB/C =

1 1
1
1
1
( 3840 ) ( 6 ) x 6 2560 ( 6 ) ( 3 ) (1440 )( 6 ) x 6
EI 2
3
3
4

BC

xB

( )

( )]

27360
EI

27360(123 )
(1.5 x 106 )(40)

= 0.788 in

lbft3

3. For the cantilever beam shown in Fig. P-638, determine the value of EI at
the left end. IS this deflection upward or downward?
Figure:

Solution:

= tA/C =

1
( Area)
EI

= tA/C =

1 1
2
( 1000 ) ( 4 ) x 4 2000 ( 2 ) ( 3 )
EI 2
3

EI

AC

xA

( )

= 6.67 KN m3 ; upward

4. For the cantilever beam shown in Fig. P-641, what value of P will cause zero
deflection at A?
Figure:

Solution:

0=

= tA/C =

1
( Area)
EI

AC

xA

1 1
2
[ ( 4 P )( 4 ) x 4 400 ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ]
EI 2
3

( )

P = 112.5 N

5. Find the maximum deflection for the cantilever beam loaded as shown in
Fig. P-642 if the cross section is 50 mm wide by 150 mm high. Use E = 69
GPa.
Figure:

Solution:

= tC/A =

1
( Area)
EI

= tC/A =

1 1
1
1
1
( 12 ) ( 3 ) x 3 10 ( 3 )( 1.5 ) ( 2 )( 1 ) x 1
EI 2
3
3
4

= 27.17 KN m3

AC

( )

27.17 ( 103 ) (109 )

( 69 x 103 ) (14.06 x 10 6)

= 28.01 mm

xC

( )]

Exercise 6.5

Cantilever Beams
1. Find the maximum value of

EI

for the cantilever beam.

2. Determine the maximum deflection for the beam loaded as shown.

3. For the beam shown, determine the value of

maximum deflection to 0.50 in. Assume that

4. Find the maximum value of

EI

that will limit the

E=1.5 106 psi .

for the cantilever beam.

5. For the cantilever beam loaded as shown, determine the deflection at a

distance x from the support.
DEFLECTIONS OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS
The deflection

at some point B of a simply supported beam can be obtained

by the following steps:

By Similar Triangle
CE BD
=
L
x
t C / A B +t B / A
=
L
x
x
B= t C/ A t B / A
L
Where:
t C / A=

1
( Area) AC xC
EI

t B/A=

1
(Area)AB xB
EI

ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS

1. Compute the midspan value of

EI

for the beam shown. (Hint:

Draw the M diagram by parts, starting from midspan towards the

ends. Also take advantage of symmetry to note that the tangent
drawn to the elastic curve at midspan is horizontal.
Figure:

Solution:

Area

1
tA=
EI
B

1
EI

[(

1
2
1
3
1
3
3000 2.5
2.5 + 75 0.5
( 0.5 ) +2 1875 2.5 ( 2.5)
2
3
3
4
3
4

)(

)(

)(

EI =3350 N m3

)(

2. For the beam shown, find the value of

EI

the reference tangent to the elastic curve at

Figure:

Solution:

Area

1
tA=
EI
C

at 2 ft. from

R2 .)

R2 . (Hint: Draw

tA=
C

1
EI

[(

1 2560
2
1 640
1
1
3

4
4 +
2
( 2 )+ 4 640 4 ( 4 )
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
4

)(

)(

tA=
C

)(

)(

1
3
2986.67 lb ft
EI
Area

1
t B=
EI
c

tA=
C

1
142.22 lb ft 3
EI
tA
C

B +t B
=

2
B= t A t B
6 C C

B=

2 2986.67 142.22

6
EI
EI

EI B=853.34 lb ft 3

3. Find the value of

Figure:

Solution:

EI

under each concentrated load of the beam shown.

By

' s

y B 1400
y
y
1400
1000
=
y B=525 C 1 =
y c 1=1225 C 2 =
y C 2=800
3
8
7
8
4
5
Area

1
t D=
EI
A

t D=
A

1
EI

[(

)( )]

1
1
1
1
1
1
1400 8
8 1000 5
5 400 1
1
2
3
2
3
2
3

)( ) (
tD=
A

)( ) (

1
3
10700lb ft
EI

Area

1
t C=
EI
A

t C=
A

1
EI

[(

)( )]

1
1
1
1
1225 7
7 800 4
4
2
3
2
3

)( ) (

t C=
A

1
3
7870.83 lb ft
EI
Area

1
tB=
EI
A

tB=
A

1
EI

([ 12 525 3)( 13 3)]

tB=
A

1
787.5 lb ft 3
EI

tD
A

B + t B
=

3
B= t D t B
8 A A

3
B= ( 10700 )787.5
8
EI B=3225 lb ft 3
tD
A

C +t C
=

7
C = t D t C
8 A A

7
C = ( 10700 )7870.83
8
EI C =1491.67lb ft

4. Find the value of

Figure:

Solution:

EI

at the point of application of the 200 Nm couple.

Area

1
t D=
EI
A

1
EI

[(

)(

)(

tD=
A

)( ) (

)(

1
3
2183.33 N m
EI

Area

1
t C=
EI
A

)]

1
1
1
2
1
1
1275 3
( 3 ) +1 + 75 1
1 1000 2
( 2 )+ 1
2
3
2
3
2
3

1
EI

[(

)( )]

1
1
1
1
1
1275 3
3 1000 2
2 = 1245.83 N m3
2
3
2
3
EI

)( ) (

tD
A

C +t C
=

3
3
C = t D t C C = ( 2183.33 ) 1245.83
4 A A
4

EI C =391.67 N m

5. Determine the midspan value of

Figure:

Solution:

EI

for the beam shown.

Area

1
tA=
EI
B
tA=
B

tA=
B

1
EI

[(

)( )]

1
1
1
1
1600 6
6 1600 4
4
2
3
4
5

)( ) (

1
3
8320 N m
EI

Area

1
tM=
EI
B
tM=
B

1
EI

([ 12 800 3)( 31 3)( 14 25 1)( 15 1)]

tM=
B

tA
B

1
1198.75 N m3
EI

M +t M
=

3
M = t A t M
6 B B

1
M = ( 8320 )1198.75
2
EI M =2961.25 N m3

Exercise 6.6

Simply Supported Beams

1. The beam shown in Fig. P-658, find the value of EI at the point of application
of the couple.

2. A simple beam supports a concentrated load placed anywhere on the span,

as shown in Fig. P-659. Measuring x from A, show that the maximum
deflection occurs at x = [(L2 - b2)/3].

3. The middle half of the beam shown in Fig. P-664 has a moment of inertia 1.5
times that of the rest of the beam. Find the midspan deflection. (Hint: Convert
the M diagram into an M/EI diagram.

4. For the beam shown in Fig. P-668, compute the value of P that will cause the

tangent to the elastic curve over support R 2 to be horizontal. What will then
be the value of EI under the 100-lb load?

5. Determine the value of EI at the left end of the overhanging beam shown in
Fig. P-670. Overhang Beam with Triangle and Moment Loads.

SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISE 6.2

SOLUTION 1

R1R2.

a.) Find for

EI

d2 y
=M
d x2

EI

P ( b )
d2 y
PL
=
(x )+
(xa)
2
a
a
dx

Pb x 2 PL ( xa )
=
+
dy
dx
2a
2a

EIy=

Pb x 3 PL ( xa )
+
+C 1 x+ C2
6a
6a

Boundary Conditions:
At x=0;

y=0;

C2 = 0

At x=L;

y=0;

C1 =

Pab
6

To get C1 :
At x=a;
0=

y=0;

C1 = 0

Pb a3
+0+ C1 ( a ) +0
6a

C 1 ( a )=
C 1=

Pb a
6

Pba
6

Part (a): Slope and deflection under load P

x=a+ b=L )

Slope under load P: (note

2

EI

dy Pb x 2 PL ( xa ) Pab
=
+
+
dx
2a
2a
6

EI

dy b
Pab
2 a+b
=
P ( a+ b ) +
( Pb )2+
dx 2 a
2a
6

EI

dy b ( 2
a b 2+ b3
Pab
=
P a + 2 ab+b2 ) +
P+
dx 2 a
2a
6

EI

dy ab
b
b
b
Pab
=
P+ b2 P
P+ P+
P+
dx
2
2a
2
2a
6

EI

dy 1 2
1
=
b P abP
dx 2
3

EI

dy 1
=
b ( 3 b+2 a ) P
dx 6

EI

dy 1
=
b [ 2 ( a+b )+ b ] P
dx 6

EI

dy 1
=
b ( 2 L+b ) P
dx 6

Deflection under the load P: (note x = a+b = L)

3

EIy=

Pb x 3 PL ( xa ) Pab
+
+
( x)
6a
6a
6

EIy=

b
Pab
3 a+ b
3
P ( a+b ) +
P (b )+
( a+ b )
6a
6a
6

EIy=

b ( 3
a b +b
Pab (
P a +3 a 2 b+3 a b 2+ b3 ) +
P+
a+ b )
6a
6a
6

EIy=

a2 b
a b2
b3 P b4
b3 P b 4
a2 b
a b2
P
P

P+
+
P+
P+
6
2
2 6a
6
6a
6
6

EIy=

1 2
1
ab P b3 P
3
3

EIy=

1
( a+ b ) b2 P ab
3

EIy =

1 2
Lb P
3

Part (b): Maximum deflection between the supports

The maximum deflection between the supports will occur at the point where
EI

dy b
L
ab
=
P x2 +
P ( xa )2 + P
dx 2 a
2a
6

At

dy
=0, ( xa ) donot exist , thus;
dx

0=

b
ab
P x2 + P
2a
6

2 1 2
x= a
3

x=

1
a
3

Atx =

1
a
3
3

EIy=

b
1
ab
1
P
a + P
a
6a
6
3
3

( )

( )

dy
=0.
dx

3 3

6
a2 b
EIy=

a b
1
EIy=
P
+1
3
63

a2b
2
EIy=
P
63 3

()

EIy max =

a2b
P
9 3

SOLUTION 2

M R 2=0

R 1(10)=1000(4 )400 (3)(1.5)

.: R1 = 220 lb

 M R 1=0

R 2(10)=1000(6)400(3)(11.5)

.: R2 = 1980 lb
M =220 x1000 ( x6 ) +1980 ( x10 )

400 ( x10 )2
2

EI

d y
=M
2
dx

400 ( x 10 )
d2 y
EI 2 = 220 x1000 ( x6 )+1980 ( x10 )
2
dx
EI

]
]

dy
220 x 2 1000 ( x6 ) 1980 ( x10 ) 400 ( x10 )
=

+C1
dx
2
2
2
6
3

220 x3 1000 ( x 6 ) 1980 ( x10 ) 400 ( x10 )

EIy=

+C 1 x+ C2
6
6
6
24
Boundary condition
At x= 0, y= 0, therefore

C2 = 0

At x= 10ft, y= 0,
0=

220 ( 10 )3 1000 ( 106 )3 1980 ( 1010 )3 400 ( 1010 )4

+10 C1
6
6
6
24
3

220 ( 10 ) 1000 ( 106 )

0=

+ 00+10 C1
6
6
.: C 1=2600 lb ft
EIy=

220 x3 1000 ( x 6 ) 1980 ( x10 ) 400 ( x10 )

+C 1 x+ C2
6
6
6
24

Therefore,
220 x3 1000 ( x 6 ) 1980 ( x10 ) 400 ( x10 )
EIy=

2600 x +0
6
6
6
24
At the right end of the overhanging beam, x= 13ft

220 (13 ) 1000 ( 136 ) 1980 (1310 ) 400 ( 1310 )

EIy=

2600 ( 13 )
6
6
6
24
EIy =2850 lb ft

SOLUTION 3

M R 2=0
12 R 1=2400(6)(5)
R 1=6000 lb
M R 1=0
12 R 2=2400(6)(7)
R 2=8400 lb
1
2 1
2
EIy ' ' =6000 x ( 2400 ) x4 + ( 2400 ) x10
2
2
2

EIy ' '=6000 x1200 x 4 +1200 x10

3

EIy ' =3000 x 2400 x4 + 400 x10 + C1

4

EIy=1000 x 3100 x4 +100 x 10 + C1 x+C 2

At x=0, y =0, therefore , C2=0
Atx =12 ft , y=0

0=1000(12 )100 ( 124 ) +100 ( 1210 ) + 12C 1

C 1=110000 lb ft
Therefore

E=29 106 psi

L=12 ft

Atmidspan , x=6 ft
Thus ,

EIy=1000 x 3100 x4 +100 x 10 110000 x

y=1/360(12)=1/30 ft=2/5
4

EIy=1000 x 3100 x4 +100 x 10 110000 x

(5)

( 29 106 ) I 2 =[1000(6 3)+100(2 4)110000(6)](123)

I =66.38 i n4

SOLUTION 4

M R 2=0
R1 ( 8 )+ 240(2)=100 ( 4 ) (6)
R1=240 lb

M R 1=0
R2 ( 8 )=240 ( 10 ) +100( 4)(2)

R2=400lb
1
''
2 1
2
EI y =240 x ( 100 ) x + (100 )( x4 ) + 400( x8)
2
2
EI y ' =

EIy=

240 2 1
1
400
x ( 100 ) x 3+ ( 100 )( x4 )3 +
(x8)2 +C 1
2
6
6
2

240 3 1
1
400
x ( 100 ) x 4 + ( 100 ) ( x 4 )4 +
( x8 )3 +C1 x+C 2
6
24
24
6

@ x=0 ; y =0,Therefore , C 2=0

@ x=8 ; y =0
0=

240 3 1
1
400
8 ( 100 ) 8 4 + (100 )( 84 )4 +
( 88 )2+ C1 (8)
6
24
24
2

C1 =560 lb. ft 2

Therefore,
EI y ' =

240 2 1
1
400
x ( 100 ) x 3+ ( 100 )( x4 )3 +
(x8)2 +C 1
2
6
6
2

At the right support,

EI y ' =
'

EI y =

y'=

x=8 ft

240 2 1
1
8 ( 100 ) 83 + ( 100 ) ( 84 )3 560
2
6
6
1040
2
lb. ft
3

1040
lb . ft 2
3 EI

SOLUTION 5

M A =0
4 R 2+M =100(4 )(2)
R 2=20014 M
M B =0
4 R 1=100(4)(2)+ M
R 1=200+14 M
( Area AB ). X A=0
1
4 1
( 4 )( 800M )
(4)( 800)(1)=0
2
3 3

()

8
3200
( 800M )=
3
3

 M =400 lb ft

The uniform load over span AB will cause segment AB to deflect downward. The
moment load equal to 400 lbft applied at the free end will cause the slope through B to
be horizontal making the deviation of A from the tangent through B equal to zero. The
downward deflection therefore due to uniform load will be countered by the moment
load.

SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISE 6.5

SOLUTION 1

EI t B / A =( Area AB) X b

La
1
1
1
1
1 ) P ( La ) ( La )
EI t B / A = L ( PL ) L PaL L
3
2
3
2
2

( )
3

( )

La
1
1 2
1
3
EI t B / A = P L PL a P
6
2
6

1
1
1
EI t B / A = PL 3 PL2 a P ( L33 L2 a+3 L a2a3 )
6
2
6

1
1
1
1
1
1
EI t B / A = PL 3 PL2 a P L3 + PL2 a PLa2 + P a3
6
2
6
2
2
6

EI t B / A =

EI t B / A =

1
1
PL a2 + P a3
2
6

1 2
P a ( 3 La )
6

Therefore,

1
EI max= P a2 ( 3 La )
6

SOLUTION 2

t A /B =

1
(Area AB) X a
EI

t A /B =

1 1
1
1
3
1
1 1
1
1
( L ) w o L2
L w o L2 ( L ) L
w o L2
L
L
EI 2
2
3
8
2
3 8
2
8

[ (

)( )

( ) (

)( )( )]

t A /B =

1 1
3
1
w L4 w o L4
w L4
EI 12 o
16
384 o

t A /B =

1 41
w o L4
EI 384

41 wo L4
t A /B =
384 EI

Therefore,

41 w o L 4
max=
384 EI

SOLUTION 3

M =550 lb ft
R=150 lb

t A /B =
5=

1
(Area AB) X a
EI

1
(16394400 )
( 1.5 106 ) I

I =2.18592

SOLUTION 4
1
R= wo L
4
M=

5
2
wo L
24

EI t A /B =( Area AB ) X a

1 1
1
5
1
1 1
1
1
EI t A /B = L w o L2
L L
w o L2
L
L
w o L2
L
2 4
3
24
2
4 2
24
10

)( ) (

)( ) ( )(

EI t A /B =

1
5
1
w o L4 w o L 4
wo L4
24
48
1920

EI t A /B =

121
4
w L
1920 o

Therefore,
EI max=

121
4
w L
1920 o

SOLUTION 5

y wo
=
x L

)( )

y=

wo
x
L

1
M = w o L2
6
1
R= wo L
2

Moments about B:
Triangular force to the left of B:
M 1=

1
1
( Lx ) ( w o y )
( Lx )
2
3

()

x
L

1
M 1=

6
Lx 3

wo
M 1=
Triangular upward force:
3
1
1
1 w x w x
M 2= ( xy ) x = x 2 o = o
2
3
2
L
L

( )

Rectangle (w o by x) :
M 3=wo x

( 12 x)=12 w x

Reactions R and M:

1
M 4=Rx= w o Lx
2
M 5=M =

1
w o L2
6

Deviation at B with the tangent line through C

EI t B /C =( Area BC ) X b
3
1 w x
EI t B = x o
4
6L
C

( )( ) (

EI t B =
C

1
1 1
1
1
1
1 1
x + x w o Lx
x w o L2 x x x w o x 2
5
2 2
3
6
2
3 2

)( ) (

w o 5 w o L 3 w o L2 2 w o 4
x +
x
x x
120 L
12
12
24

wo x2 3
( x +10 L2 x10 L35 Lx 2 )
EI t B =
120 L
C

Therefore,
2

EI =

w o x 3
( x +10 L2 x10 L35 Lx 2 )
120 L

w o x 2
( 10 L310 L2 x +5 Lx 2x 3 )
EI=
120 L

)( ) (

SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISE 6.6

SOLUTION 1
y M
=
a L
y=

Ma
L

EI t B / A =( Area AB ) X B
1
1
EI t B / A = (ay) a
2
3

( )

1
Ma
EI t B / A = a 2
6
L

( )

EI t B / A =

M a3
6L

EI t C/ A=( Area AB ) X C

1
1
1
EI t C/ A= ( LM ) L M ( La ) ( La )
2
3
2

( )

1
1
2
2
EI t C/ A= M L M ( La)
6
2
t C / A B +t B / A
=
L
a

EI B=

a
EIt C / AEI t B / A
L
La

1
1
M a3
M L2 M ( 2 ]
6
2
6L
a
EI B=
L

EI B=

a 1
1
1
M L2 M ( La )2 M a2
L 6
2
6

EI B=

Ma 2
[ L 3 ( La )2a2 ]
6L

EI B=

Ma 2
L 3 ( L22 La+ a2 )a2 ]
[
6L

EI B=

Ma 2
[ L 3 L2 +6 La3 a2a 2 ]
6L

EI B=

Ma
[3 L2+ 6 La4 a2 ]
6L

SOLUTION 2
M R 1=0
L R 2=Pa
R 2=

Pa
L

y Pb
=
x L
y=

Pb
x
L

t A / D=

1
( Area AD ) X A
EI

[ ( )]

t A / D=

1 1
2
xy x
EI 2
3

t A / D=

1 1 2
x y
EI 3

t A / D=

1 1 2 Pb
x
x
EI 3
L

t A / D=

1 Pb 3
x
EI L

tC / D =

1
( AreaCD ) X C
EI

tC / D =

1 1
1
1
( Lx )2 ( Pb y ) + ( Lx )2 y P b3
EI 6
2
6

tC / D =

1 1
Pb
1
Pb
1
( Lx )2 Pb
x + ( Lx )2
x P b3
EI 6
L
2
L
6

tC / D =

1 1
x 1
x 1
Pb ( Lx )2 1 + Pb ( Lx )2
P b3
EI 6
L 2
L 6

tC / D =

2
3
1 Pb (
3 Pb
( Lx ) x P b
Lx ) +
EI 6 L
2L
6

[ ( )]
[ ]
[

[
[
[

( )

( )

()

From the figure:

t A / D=t C/ D

1 Pb 3 1 Pb
( Lx ) + Pb ( Lx ) x P b
x=
EI 3 L
EI 6 L
2L
6
3
2
Pb 3 Pb (
Pb (
P b3
x=
Lx ) +
Lx ) x
3L
6L
2L
6
3

2 x 3 ( L x ) 3 ( Lx ) x 2
=
+
b
L
L
L
2 x 3= ( Lx )3+3 ( Lx )2 xL b2

2 x =L 3 L x+ 3 Lx x +3 L x6 Lx +3 x L b

0=L3 3 Lx2L b 2
0=L23 x2b2
2

3 x =L b

L
( 2b2)/3
x=

SOLUTION 3

t A /C =

1
( Area AC ) X A
EI

1
Pa
t A /C = a
2 2 EI

( )( 23 a)+a ( 3PaEI )( 32 a)+ 12 a( 23 PaEI 3PaEI )( 53 a)

t A /C =

P a Pa 5Pa
+
+
6 EI 2 EI 18 EI

t A /C =

17 P a3
18 EI

Therefore,
midspan =

17 P a3
18 EI

SOLUTION 4

SOLUTION 5