Irrigation

KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
FOR
ROAD AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
November 1998
PART EIGHT
LANDSCAPING AND IRRIGATION
PART EIGHT: LANDSCAPING AND IRRIGATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 8.01 LANDSCAPING...................................................................................1

8.01.1 SCOPE AND REQUIREMENTS...................................................................1
8.01.1.1 Description............................................................................................1
8.01.1.2 Submittals..............................................................................................1
8.01.1.3 Rubbish.................................................................................................2
8.01.1.4 Oil and Petrol Storage...........................................................................2
8.01.1.5 Approved Chemicals.............................................................................2
8.01.1.6 Season..................................................................................................2
8.01.1.7 Work by Machine or by Hand................................................................2
8.01.1.8 Existing Plants.......................................................................................2
8.01.1.9 Storage..................................................................................................2
8.01.2 SOFT LANDSCAPE: MATERIALS..............................................................3
8.01.2.1 Agricultural Soil.....................................................................................3
8.01.2.1.1 Composition..................................................................................3
8.01.2.1.2 Soil Analysis..................................................................................4
8.01.2.1.3 Storage.........................................................................................4
8.01.2.1.4 Peat Humus..................................................................................4
8.01.2.1.5 Fertilizers......................................................................................5
8.01.2.2 Planting Medium.....................................................................................5
8.01.2.3 Plants......................................................................................................5
8.01.2.3.1 General Conditions.......................................................................5
8.01.2.3.2 Substitutes....................................................................................5
8.01.2.3.3 Nomenclature................................................................................5
8.01.2.3.4 Range of Sizes.............................................................................6
8.01.2.3.5 Planting Stock...............................................................................6
8.01.2.4 Stakes.....................................................................................................7
8.01.2.4.1 Stakes For Trees..........................................................................7
8.01.2.4.2 Stakes For Palms..........................................................................7
8.01.2.5 Irrigation Water......................................................................................8
8.01.2.6 Hydroseeding Materials........................................................................8
8.01.2.6.1 Soil Stabilizer..........................................................................8
8.01.2.6.2 Super Absorbent Humectant...................................................9
8.01.3 SOFT LANDSCAPE: WORKMANSHIP......................................................9
8.01.3.1 Soil Grading and Preparation...............................................................9
8.01.3.2 Drainage................................................................................................9
8.01.3.3 Planting Sequence................................................................................9
8.01.3.4 Tree Planting Medium.........................................................................10
8.01.3.5 Planting Trees.....................................................................................10
8.01.3.6 Supporting Trees.................................................................................11
8.01.3.7 Planting Palms.....................................................................................11
8.01.3.8 Supporting Palms................................................................................11
8.01.3.9 Shrub, Ground Cover and Creeper Planting Medium.........................11
8.01.3.10 Planting Shrubs, Ground Cover and Creepers.................................11
8.01.3.11 Climber Mesh Embankments & Interchanges...................................12
8.01.3.12 Pruning..............................................................................................12
8.01.3.13 Mulch.................................................................................................12
8.01.3.14 Watering............................................................................................12
8.01.3.15 Protection..........................................................................................12
8.01.3.16 Preparation and Maintenance of Grass Areas..................................13
8.01.3.17 Grass Seeding..................................................................................13
8.01.3.18 Hydroseeding....................................................................................13
8.01.3.18.1 General.....................................................................................13
8.01.3.18.2 Quality of Work.........................................................................13
8.01.3.18.3 Inspection of Conditions...........................................................13
8.01.3.18.4 Soil Stabilization and Hydroseeding Materials........................14
8.01.3.18.5 Hydroseeding Equipment.........................................................14
8.01.3.18.6 Hydroseeding Installation and Planting Schedule...................15
8.01.3.19 Sod....................................................................................................16
8.01.4 COMPLETION AND MAINTENANCE........................................................17
8.01.4.1 After Planting.......................................................................................17
8.01.4.2 Cleanliness..........................................................................................17
8.01.4.3 Maintenance Period............................................................................17
8.01.4.4 Maintenance Program.........................................................................17
8.01.4.5 Watering..............................................................................................17
8.01.4.6 Weed Control and Debris Removal....................................................18
8.01.4.7 Pruning................................................................................................18
8.01.4.8 Fertilizing.............................................................................................18
8.01.4.9 Plant Replacement..............................................................................18
8.01.4.10 Pest and Disease Control.................................................................19
8.01.4.11 Tree Stakes........................................................................................19
8.01.4.12 Burlap Wrapping...............................................................................19
8.01.4.13 Grass Area Maintenance...................................................................19
8.01.5 GENERAL INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE REQUIREMENTS.............20
8.01.5.1 Defects................................................................................................20
8.01.5.2 Manufacturer's Recommendations.....................................................20
8.01.5.3 Storage................................................................................................20
8.01.5.4 Planting Time.......................................................................................20
8.01.5.5 Weather Conditions............................................................................20
8.01.5.6 Planting Outside Specified Conditions...............................................21
8.01.5.7 Notice..................................................................................................21
8.01.5.8 Meaning of Drawings..........................................................................21
8.01.5.9 Planting Designs.................................................................................21
8.01.5.10 "As Planted" Record..........................................................................21
8.01.6 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT.................................................................21
8.01.7 PAYMENT...................................................................................................21
SECTION 8.02 IRRIGATION......................................................................................24
8.02.1 SCOPE AND REQUIREMENTS.................................................................24
8.02.1.1 Scope..................................................................................................24
8.02.1.2 Abbreviations.......................................................................................24
8.02.1.3 Shop Drawings and Approval of Equipment.......................................25
8.02.1.4 Record Drawings.................................................................................25
8.02.1.5 Maintenance and Operation...............................................................26
8.02.1.5.1 General.......................................................................................26
8.01.1.5.2 Works..........................................................................................26
8.02.1.6 Operation and Maintenance Literature...............................................27
8.02.2 PIPING AND APPURTENANCES..............................................................27
8.02.2.1 Scope..................................................................................................27
8.02.2.2 Special Requirements.........................................................................27
8.02.2.2.1 Manufacturer's Certificate...........................................................27
8.02.2.2.2 Marking.......................................................................................28
8.02.2.2.3 Retests........................................................................................28
8.02.2.3 Handling..............................................................................................28
8.02.2.4 Pipes, Fittings and Accessories..........................................................29
8.02.2.4.1 Ductile Iron Pressure Pipes........................................................29
8.02.2.4.2 Unplasticised PVC Pressure Pipes............................................29
8.02.2.4.3 Asbestos Cement Pressure Pipes..............................................29
8.02.2.4.4 Steel Tubes and Tubulars...........................................................30
8.02.2.4.5 Flexible Pipe Couplings..............................................................30
8.02.2.4.6 Flanged Adaptors........................................................................30
8.02.2.4.7 Jointing Materials........................................................................30
8.02.2.4.8 Field Testing................................................................................31
8.02.2.4.9 PVC Ducts..................................................................................32
8.02.2.5 Valves..................................................................................................33
8.02.2.5.1 General.......................................................................................33
8.02.2.5.2 Gate Valves.................................................................................34
8.02.2.5.3 Butterfly Valves...........................................................................34
8.02.2.5.4 Globe Valves...............................................................................34
8.02.2.5.5 Silent Check Valves....................................................................34
8.02.2.5.6 Remote Control Valves (RCV)....................................................35
8.02.2.5.7 Pressure Reducing Valves.........................................................35
8.02.2.5.8 Remote Controlled Pressure Reducing Valves (RCPRV)..........36
8.02.2.5.9 Pressure Relief Check Valves (Pump Control Valves)...............36
8.02.2.5.10 Air Valves.................................................................................37
8.02.2.5.11 Penstocks..................................................................................37
8.02.2.5.12 Jointing Materials......................................................................38
8.02.2.5.13 GRP Valve Boxes......................................................................38
8.02.2.5.14 Plastic Valve Boxes..................................................................38
8.02.2.5.15 Valve Accessories.....................................................................38
8.02.2.5.16 Workmanship............................................................................39
8.02.2.5.17 Installation.................................................................................40
8.02.2.5.18 Field Protection.........................................................................40
8.02.2.6 Irrigators..............................................................................................41
8.02.2.6.1 Irrigation Program Controllers....................................................41
8.02.2.6.2 Spray Heads (for spray and stream spray)................................41
8.02.2.6.3 Bubblers......................................................................................42
8.02.2.6.4 Hose Bibs....................................................................................42
8.02.2.6.5 Drip Emitters and Tubing............................................................42
8.02.2.6.6 Polyethylene Tubing and Fittings...............................................42
8.02.2.6.7 Emitters.......................................................................................43
8.02.2.7 Construction Requirements.................................................................43
8.02.2.7.1 Earthworks..................................................................................43
8.02.2.7.2 Pipe Laying and Jointing............................................................47
8.02.3 MECHANICAL PLANT................................................................................49
8.02.3.1 Scope..................................................................................................49
8.02.3.2 Labels, Tags and Charts.....................................................................50
8.02.3.3 Workmanship Generally......................................................................50
8.02.3.4 Equipment and Materials Generally...................................................51
8.02.3.5 Spares.................................................................................................52
8.02.3.6 Pumping Units.....................................................................................52
8.02.3.6.1 General.......................................................................................52
8.02.3.6.2 Split Case Horizontal Pumping Unit...........................................54
8.02.3.6.3 Submersible Pumping Unit.........................................................56

8.02.3.6.4 End Suction Centrifugal Pump...................................................57
8.02.3.6.5 Motor Control Panel....................................................................57
8.02.3.7 Pressure Switches...............................................................................59
8.02.3.8 Water Level Controls..........................................................................59
8.02.3.9 Electromagnet Flowmeters.................................................................60
8.02.3.10 Pressure Gauges..............................................................................60
8.02.3.11 Strainers............................................................................................60
8.02.3.12 Electrical Indicators and Integrators.................................................60
8.02.3.13 Fertilizer Injector Equipment.............................................................61
8.02.3.14 Axial In-Line Exhaust Fans...............................................................61
8.02.3.15 Roof Cowls........................................................................................61
8.02.3.16 Flexible Connectors..........................................................................61
38.02.3.17 Filters.......................................................................................................62
8.02.4 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS.................................................................62
8.02.4.1 Scope..................................................................................................62
8.02.4.2 Technical Requirements......................................................................63
8.02.4.2.1 General.......................................................................................63
8.02.4.2.2 Regulations and Standards........................................................63
8.02.4.3 Pumping Station Installation...............................................................63
8.02.4.4 Irrigation Control.................................................................................64
8.02.5
METALWORK, PAINT AND PAINTING AND WATER RETAINING
STRUCTURES...................................................................................................65
8.02.5.1 Metalwork............................................................................................65
8.02.5.1.1 General.......................................................................................65
8.02.5.1.2 Ladders and Safety Cages.........................................................65
8.02.5.1.3 Pipe Supports.............................................................................65
8.02.5.2 Paint and Painting...............................................................................66
8.02.5.3 Excavation...........................................................................................66
8.02.5.4 Concrete..............................................................................................66
8.02.5.5 Reinforcement.....................................................................................66
8.02.5.6 Bituminous Primer to Buried Surfaces................................................66
8.02.6 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT.................................................................66
8.02.7 PAYMENT...................................................................................................67
APPENDIX 1 - COMMON NAMES AND SPECIES OF THE MOST POPULAR
PLANTS WIDELY PLANTED IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA................73
APPENDIX 2 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MAINTENANCE OF
IRRIGATION AND LANDSCAPING.......................................................................75
MOC General Specifications - November 1998
PART EIGHT: LANDSCAPING AND IRRIGATION

SECTION 8.01 LANDSCAPING
8.01.1 SCOPE AND REQUIREMENTS
8.01.1.1 Description. The works shall consist of furnishing and planting palms,
trees, shrubs, creepers, succulents, grass, sod, ground cover and other plants. It
shall also include excavation for planted areas and provision of agricultural soil,
preparing and finishing planting bed. The work shall also include maintenance and
other incidental planting procedure work, all as necessary to complete the planting
operations in a workmanlike manner, according to the provisions of this
Specification and in conformity with the lines shown on the Drawings or established
by the Engineer.
ITEMS IN BILL OF QUANTITIES
Trees
Palms
Shrubs
Creepers
Ground Cover
Succulents
Climbing Plant
Grass
Hydroseeding Mixes
Gravel Mulch
Precast Concrete Tiling
Sod
8.01.1.2 Submittals. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer information
and certificates for materials to be used for this Contract. Such submittals shall
include, but not be limited to, the following:
1. Manufacturer's certified analysis of all standard products, including fertilizers.
2. Certificates confirming the origin, size and age of all plant materials.
3. Health certificates for all imported plant material.
4. A laboratory analysis of agricultural soil mix, having the characteristics
indicated in Paragraph 8.01.2.1 Agricultural Soil in these General
Specifications with additives such as pH adjusters, fertilizers and other soil
amendments.
5. Landscape construction schedules indicating mobilization,
personnel, preparatory work and planting schedules.
equipment,
The Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of all items purchased and shall
submit a Supplier Quality inspection plan for review. The inspection plan shall cover
those items intended for shop inspection and the procedures for carrying out the
same.
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8.01.1.3 Rubbish. All rubbish and litter as it accumulates within the landscape
boundary, shall be cleared and carted away daily. The areas shall be kept in a
clean and tidy condition with all driveways, paths, edges, curbs, gutters, and gullies
swept and kept clear of debris at all times. All rubbish and debris shall be carted
away to a dump as directed by the Engineer.
8.01.1.4 Oil and Petrol Storage. All oil and petrol containers are to be kept in
suitable sheds provided by the Contractor, who is to observe all regulations
regarding the storage of inflammable liquid. If any areas of soil are affected by oil or
petrol spillage, the contaminated soil is to be dug up until uncontaminated ground is
reached, and carted away and such areas made good as directed by the Engineer,
all at the Contractor's expense.
8.01.1.5 Approved Chemicals. Only chemicals approved by the Ministry of
Agriculture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will be used. All chemicals shall be nontoxic to human beings, birds and animals and subject to the approval of the
Engineer.
The Contractor shall be liable for ensuring that all chemicals are stored, handled
and supplied strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
8.01.1.6 Season. All work shall be carried out during the appropriate season
and in weather conditions suitable for the operation. In particular, planting shall not
be carried out before October or after March without the specific approval of the
Engineer.
8.01.1.7 Work by Machine or by Hand. All operations may be executed by
suitable approved machines or by hand. Any work in confined spaces, around
existing trees or in the vicinity of major utility services must be executed by hand
and the Contractor shall include for this in his rates.
8.01.1.8 Existing Plants. No existing trees, shrubs or other plants shall be
removed without instructions from the Engineer. The Contractor shall take all
measures to protect all plants from malicious or accidental damage during the
execution of his work. He shall ensure that no branches are lopped and no tree
roots exceeding fifty (50) millimeters in diameter are severed from growing trees
except for pruning and training operations approved by the Engineer.
No soil, spoil, construction material or rubbish shall be stored, or deposited within
three (3) meters of existing trees, shrubs or hedges. No bonfires shall be lit within
the landscape contract boundaries.
Any damage that may be incurred shall be made good by the Contractor at his
own expense.
8.1.1.9 Storage. All materials to be used in the landscape contract and stored
at the Contractor's yard shall be kept covered and protected. In particular any
plants held for planting shall be kept in a special compound, sheltered from the
direct sun and drying winds and watered regularly.
8.01.2 SOFT LANDSCAPE: MATERIALS
2
8.01.2.1 Agricultural Soil.

8.01.2.1.1 Composition.
Agricultural soil shall be approved imported agricultural soil obtained from local
sources and defined as follows:
PH:
6.0 - 8.0 saturated soil
Electro-Conductivity:
(EC x 103)
Less than 4 mmhos/cm saturation

extract at twenty-five degrees Celsius
(25o C.)
Free Carbonates:
Less than 0.5 percent air-dried soil
Chlorides:
Less than 200 ppm in saturation extract
Sulphates:
Less than 200 ppm in saturation extract
Nitrates
Less than 75 ppm in saturation extract.
Phosphorus
10-25 ppm in 1.5 ammonium nitrate
extract: 0.5 hour shake.
Potassium
Magnesium
Exchangeable Sodium:
Less than fifteen percent (15%) in
neutral normal ammonium acetate
Boron:
Less than 1.5 ppm, hot water soluble
Physical Characteristics:
Sandy loam made up as follows:
Sand 2 mm - 0.05 mm: 45-65%
Silt 0.05 - 0.002 mm:
20-40%
Clay less than 0.002 mm: 5-15%
In case naturally occurring agricultural soil to the above physical
characteristics is not available, the Contractor is allowed to mix soil constituents to
achieve the above required characteristics.
8.01.2.1.2 Soil Analysis.

The Contractor shall arrange for an approved independent analyst to prepare a
physical and chemical analysis of the proposed imported agricultural soil and
irrigation water together with recommendations and report on fertilizer adjustments
to the rates specified.
Soil samples shall be taken as follows:
Upon identification of every source of soil, representative samples of soils shall
be analyzed as detailed below and results submitted to the Engineer for approval
before any of the soil has been used.
Following this, further representative soil samples shall be taken at the rate of
one (1) in every twenty (20) loads or as may be otherwise directed by the Engineer,
analyzed and the results compared with those from the original sample (so as to
ensure consistency and compatibility of supply).
The tests shall be:
-
Total salts (EC of soil solution)

Soil pH
Exchangeable sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium
Available phosphates
Organic matter as a percentage
Available zinc, manganese, iron, boron
Total sulphates.
8.01.2.1.3 Storage.
Agricultural soil shall be stored in heaps less than one (1) meter height. Soil
heaps shall be protected from undue compaction and no construction material or
waste shall be stored on or mixed in with the soil.
Approval shall be obtained of a sample load of agricultural soil of not less than
five (5) cubic meters (5m3). This sample shall be retained for comparison with
subsequent loads.
8.01.2.1.4 Peat Humus.
Peat Humus shall be natural peat consisting of sedge, sphagnum or reed peat
and of such a physical condition that it will pass through a twelve (12) millimeter
screen. The humus shall be free from sticks, stones, roots or other objectionable
matter. It shall have an acidity range from pH four (4) to seven and one-half (7.5)
and the minimum organic content shall be eighty-five percent (85%) on a dry weight
basis. Peat humus shall be delivered in undamaged commercial bales in an air-dry
condition.
8.01.2.1.5 Fertilizers.
Inorganic fertilizers shall be applied to the irrigation water by the fertilizer
injection equipment. Fertilizers shall be approved soluble NPK fertilizers in the ratio
twenty:twenty:twenty (20:20:20) applied at a dilution rate of one (1) kilogram of
fertilizer to one thousand (1000) liters of water.
Alternative dilutions of soluble fertilizer or other fertilizer types and composition
may be used subject to the approval of the Engineer.
8.01.2.2 Planting Medium. The planting medium shall consist of agricultural soil
plus soil fertilizers as specified, and shall be placed in accordance with the tree and
shrub planting Special Specifications.
8.01.2.3 Plants.
8.01.2.3.1 General Conditions.
Ground covers and vines, planting stock and trees shall be obtained from a
source with soil and climatic conditions similar to those prevailing on the site. All
species shall be adequately and carefully packed and protected against mechanical
damage, extremes of temperature and drying out. If required by the Engineer a
certificate stating that plants comply with this specification shall be provided.
8.01.2.3.2 Substitutes.
The tender must be based on the plants specified in the Contract Documents.
If specified plants are unobtainable, alternatives may be submitted with the Tender,
stating price and how they differ from the Specification. Such substitutions may not
be acceptable and submission of further alternatives may be required. Before
making substitution, approval must be obtained.
8.01.2.3.3 Nomenclature.
Nomenclature of trees and plants shall conform the scientific names given in:
I. Royal Horticultural Society, Dictionary of Gardening, Oxford University Press
1974, and Supplement, 1969.
2. I.B.N. - International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants.
3. Post, George E., Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai, American University of
Beirut, 1932.
Alternatives names can be checked in these references. All plants must agree
with the botanical descriptions in these references. Post is the authority only for
plants which are not listed in the RHS Dictionary or I.B.N. Code.
Appendix "1" attached shows the names of the most popular trees, shrubs, ground
covers and succulents widely planted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
8.01.2.3.4 Range of Sizes.

No plant shall be less than minimum size, as specified herein after and at least
fifty percent (50%) of the plants are to be as large as the upper half of the specified
range. Measurements specified are minimum sizes acceptable after pruning (where
pruning is required). Plants that meet measurements specified but do not possess
normal balance between height and spread will not be acceptable.
8.01.2.3.5 Planting Stock.
All planting stock shall be well-branched and well-formed, sound, vigorous,
healthy and free from disease, sunscald, abrasion and harmful insects or insect
eggs and with a healthy and unbroken root system. Trees shall be symmetrically
developed, their structure and habit of growth typical of the species or variety with
straight stems free from objectionable disfigurements.
Plants delivered to the Work shall be either balled and burlapped or container
stock. Bare rooted stock will not be permitted. Plant roots shall not be allowed to
dry out during transport, storage, or transplanting, and the ball of earth surrounding
the roots shall be kept wet at all times. Any plant that has a damaged root ball or is
dry or in a wilted condition, as determined by the Engineer, when delivered to the
Work, shall be rejected and shall be replaced by the Contractor at his own expense.
Each plant shall be handled and packed in the approved manner for that species or
variety, and all necessary precautions shall be taken to ensure that the plants will
arrive at the Work in proper condition for successful growth. Root condition of
plants furnished by the Contractor shall be determined by removing the earth from
around the roots of not less than two (2) plants nor more than two percent (2%) of
the total number of plants of each species or variety. If the sample plants inspected
are found to be defective, the Engineer may reject the entire supply of plants
represented by the sample plants. Sample plants deemed unsuitable for use in the
Work due to the inspection shall be replaced by the Contractor at his own expense.
Trees shall be of a minimum height of one and one-half (1.5) meters above
planting level, stem diameter shall be two (2) centimeters minimum and branches
shall be at least twenty-five (25) centimeters. Where trees of the specified species
are unavailable, and subject to the submission of evidence to that effect, the
Contractor may, with the Engineer's approval, substitute alternative species trees of
one and one-half (1.5) meters minimum height.
Palms shall be balled and burlapped unless container grown plants are
available. Offshoots will not be accepted. The height of the palm shall be not less
than one (1) meter from planting level to the base of the growing tip. Palms of one
(1) to one and one-half (1.5) meters height shall have a root-ball diameter of seven
hundred fifty (750) to nine hundred (900) for two (2) to three (3) meters height, the
root-ball diameter shall be one and one-half (1.5) to two (2) meters. Ninety percent
(90%) of the palms shall be females.
Shrubs shall have a minimum height of five hundred (500) millimeters. Where
shrubs of this size are not available, and subject to the submission of evidence to
that effect, the Contractor may be allowed, with the approval of the Engineer, to use
other substitutes of the same size. The shrubs are to be of good form, and their
structure and habit of growth typical of species or variety.
Ground cover species shall be well rooted, and of not less than one (1) year's
full growth and a minimum length of four hundred (400) millimeters.
Climbing plants shall have a minimum length of seven hundred fifty (750)
millimeters. The growth shall be symmetrical and balanced. They should have
been grown in one (1) kilogram containers and shall be of at least one (1) year's
growth.
Grass seed shall comprise of the following mixture of species:
Cydomon dactylon:
Fifty percent (50%)
Roa annua:
Fifty percent (50%)
Before delivery to site, all plants shall be dipped in anti-desiccant.

8.01.2.4 Stakes
8.01.2.4.1 Stakes For Trees.
All stakes shall be of timber, straight, free of projections and pointed at one
end. The lower ends shall be coated with a non-injurious wood preservative, to a
minimum height of one hundred fifty (150) millimeters above ground level, to be
applied at least two (2) weeks before use. Stakes shall be fifty (50) millimeters
thick, the length below ground to be one thousand three hundred (1300) millimeters
and the length above to be for full height of clear stem or half full height of feathered
species.
Alternatively, tree stakes shall be mild steel tubes protected by a PVC coating
in mid-green or similar approved color. The top and bottom of the steel tube shall
be sealed with plastic caps. The external covering shall have horizontal ridges at
regular intervals to facilitate the fixing of tree ties. The steel tube shall have a
diameter of thirty-five (35) millimeters and a length of two thousand five hundred
(2500) millimeters. Tree ties shall be patent plastic ones appropriate to the steel
stake.
8.01.2.4.2 Stakes For Palms.
Stakes for palms shall be rough sawn timber, free from knots, rot, cross-grain
or other defects that would impair strength. The size shall be fifty (50) by one
hundred (100) by two hundred (200) millimeters minimum, depending upon palm
size.
Alternatively, palm trees shall be stabilized with three (3) No. galvanized steel
seven (7) strand wire ropes of ten (10) gauge, set out at one hundred twenty
degrees (120o) round the stem. The wire shall be looped around the palm stem and
protected by a neoprene tube. The wires shall be connected via a galvanized steel
turnbuckle to an eight (8) millimeter diameter reinforcing road ground anchor. The
7
ground anchor shall be one thousand (1000) meters long and shall be given in flush
to the ground. The rods shall be at forty-five degrees (45 o) to the ground surface.
8.01.2.5 Irrigation Water. Water shall be provided by the Contractor from offsite sources approved by the Engineer as being suitable for irrigation, free from
substances harmful to plant life. Water sources shall not exceed the following
parameters:
pH: 6.7
Total dissolved solids:
less than 1000 parts per million (ppm)
The Contractor shall supply certified laboratory water quality test reports from an
independent testing laboratory approved by the Engineer. These water quality test
reports shall show evidence that the water to be utilized meets with the water quality
criteria established above. Water quality reports shall be submitted:
- Two (2) weeks prior to the beginning of the first watering/irrigation operations
- Once per month throughout the maintenance period.
8.01.2.6 Hydroseeding Materials.
8.01.2.6.1
acceptable:
Soil Stabilizer.
Products of the following composition are
1. Stabilization material consisting of natural petroleum resin, wetting agents,

water and sequestering agents not subject to breakdown.
The stabilization material shall be a free flowing, stable emulsion to the extent
that the diluted emulsion shall not break down when stored in clean, closed
containers at temperatures zero to eighty degrees Celsius (0 o to 80o C.), for a
minimum of three (3) months.
2. Product conforming to Table 4.01-5, Grade CSS-1 for Cationic Emulsified
Asphalt in Section 4.01 "Bituminous Materials" in these General Specifications.
3. Product conforming to Table 4.01-5, Grade CMS-2 for Cationic Emulsified
Asphalt in Section 4.01 "Bituminous Materials" in these General Specifications.
4. Product shall be non-toxic to plants, animals, humans and soil organisms
and shall not be injurious to clothing. It shall positively immobilize sand to such
an extent that it will not be disturbed by normal wind action from prevailing
directions.
The material as purchased shall carry a warranty that if applied in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions it will provide effective stabilization for a
period of one year after application.
Color of the chemical agents shall be as selected by the Engineer. Type of

pigment shall be as recommended by the manufacturer of the chemical agent and
mixed according to its instruction.
8.01.2.6.2 Super Absorbent Humectant. Super absorbent humectant shall
be a hydrolyzed starch copolymer absorbent that swells into a clear gel capable of
absorbing hundreds of times its weight in water.
8.01.3 SOFT LANDSCAPE: WORKMANSHIP
8.01.3.1 Soil Grading and Preparation. Subsoil shall be excavated to achieve
tolerances specified for finished level of soil, and when reasonably dry and
workable, graded to smooth flowing contours with all minor hollows and ridges
removed. Non-cohesive, light subsoils shall be loosened with a three (3)-tine ripper,
three hundred (300) millimeters deep at six hundred (600) millimeter centers; stiff
clays and other cohesive subsoils shall be treated with herbicide, and the period of
time recommended by the manufacturer shall be allowed to elapse before grading.
Finished ground levels shall be thirty (30) millimeters below adjoining paving or
curbs after settlement except for any median strip where New Jersey Barriers are
specified. Here, the finished level shall be one hundred (100) millimeters below the
top of the New Jersey Barrier after settlement.
Between Concrete Crashworthy Safety Barriers (New Jersey Barriers) in the
central median the areas shall be brought up to finished levels by spreading
agricultural soils approximately four hundred fifty (450) millimeters deep that are
reasonably dry and workable. The agricultural soil shall be graded to remove all
hollows and ridges. In the outer separators and interchanges the Contractor shall
excavate the planted areas to a depth of four hundred fifty (450) millimeters and
backfill the excavated areas with agricultural soil.
Any rock projections and/or boulders should be removed off site to dump areas.
8.01.3.2 Drainage. The Contractor shall ensure that all planting positions are
well drained.
8.01.3.3 Planting Sequence.
I. Grade soil as specified.
2. Stake out the outline of soft landscaping areas for approval by the Engineer.
3. For shrub, ground cover or creeper, excavate the planting pits to forty-five
hundredths (0.45) meters depth. Excavated material shall be removed from the
Site.
4. For trees, palms, shrubs, and ground covers. Dig the planting pit to the sizes
specified. Excavated material shall be removed from the Site.
5. Ensure that the irrigation system is functioning properly.
6. Backfill planting pits with planting medium.

7. Preirrigate and ensure that the excess water can drain away.
8. Position the plant at the approved locations and fill around it with planting
medium as specified.
9. Where specified, tie plant to stakes.
10. Check all plants one (1) week after planting for signs of wind shake and
loosening due to soil subsidence. Firm and make good as necessary. Then
similarly check all plants at a maximum of monthly intervals until the end of the
defects liability period.
11. Remove wrapping from the buds of palm trees.
8.01.3.4 Tree Planting Medium. Planting medium for tree pits shall consist of
approved agricultural soil as specified well mixed with fertilizers at the rate of twotenths (0.2) kilograms P205, two-tenths (0.2) kilograms K2O, two-tenths (0.2)
kilograms N and five (5) kilograms of fermented animal manure approved by the
Engineer per cubic meter of agricultural soil.
8.01.3.5 Planting Trees. Tree pits shall be excavated to the dimensions shown
on the Drawings, and the pit bottoms shall be broken up to a further depth of three
hundred (300) millimeters. All trees shall be placed in the center of the pits and at
the original soil depth and watered thoroughly after backfilling. All trees shall be
surrounded by a water-holding depression, one hundred fifty (150) millimeters deep
and six hundred (600) millimeters minimum in diameter.
Before planting, any broken or damaged roots shall be cut back to sound growth;
any cut ends over twenty-five (25) millimeters in diameter shall be treated with tree
wound dressing.
For bare-rooted trees, backfilling shall be placed in one hundred fifty (150) to two
hundred fifty (250) millimeter layers to ensure close contact with roots and to
eliminate air pockets. Firming shall take place as backfilling proceeds, so as not to
damage roots; the soil shall be heeled in firmly around the root collar. For rootballed trees, backfilling shall be firmed around the root-ball in one hundred fifty
(150) millimeter layers, so as not to disturb the roots.
8.01.3.6 Supporting Trees. To support a tree, a single stake shall be positioned
close to the tree on the windward side and driven vertically into the pit bottom until
the stake top is at its specified height.
Soil shall be consolidated around the stake during backfilling. The tree shall be
secured firmly, but not rigidly, to the stake with at least two (2) ties, to prevent the
tree from touching the stake. If necessary, chafing guards to be used to prevent
abrasion between the tree and the stake. The top tie shall be positioned twenty-five
(25) millimeters from the top of the stake and the lower tie approximately halfway
down. Tree ties shall be approved proprietary ties, canvas or rubber hose.
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8.01.3.7 Planting Palms. All suckers, flowering and fruiting parts and
approximately thirty percent (30%) of fronds shall be removed from the palms before
digging with sufficient fronds left to enclose and protect the growing bud. The
remaining fronds shall be trimmed to sixty-five percent (65%) of their original length,
lifted to surround the growing bud, burlap wrapped, securely tied in position.
Special attention is required to protect palm roots from being bruised during digging
and burlapping. Palms shall be planted according to specifications for trees above.
8.01.3.8 Supporting Palms. Palms are to be supported as shown on the detail
drawing and in accordance with either method described in Subparagraph
8.01.2.4.2 "Stakes for Palms."
8.01.3.9 Shrub, Ground Cover and Creeper Planting Medium. Planting
medium for shrub, ground cover and creeper shall consist of approved agricultural
soil as specified well mixed with fertilizers at the rate of twenty (20) grams P 2O5,
twenty (20) grams K2O, twenty (20) grams N and two (2) kilograms of fermented
animal manure approved by the Engineer per plant.
8.01.3.10 Planting Shrubs, Ground Cover and Creepers. All weeds and
rubbish shall be removed from planting areas. Before planting, all non-perishable
containers shall be removed and all badly damaged roots pruned.
All shrubs shall be planted upright and well balanced with the best side to the
front and at a density as specified on the Drawings. Planting medium shall be
carefully packed around evenly spread roots or rootball in one hundred fifty (150)
millimeter layers and well heeled in. The finished level shall be at the original soil
mark on the shrubs. All shrubs irrigated by spray heads shall be surrounded by a
water-holding depression one hundred fifty (150) millimeters deep by six hundred
(600) millimeters minimum in diameter.
Climbers shall have their leading growths trained around the supporting wire
mesh if specified.
Immediately after planting, (1.) carefully cut back any damaged, dead or diseased
branches, remove weak or malformed growth and treat with tree wound dressing
and (2.) water thoroughly, using a fine hose and (3.) spray with anti-desiccant (not
during rainy weather).
8.01.3.11 Climber Mesh Embankments & Interchanges. Wherever required,
supply and fix Polyethylene mesh to interchange embankments and outer median
embankments steeper than 1V:2H. The mesh shall be green and shall be secured
with Steel Pins, to the manufacturer's specifications, driven into the embankment at
six hundred (600) millimeter vertical spacings and one (1.0) meter horizontal
spacings. The top edge shall be secured with pins at five hundred (500) millimeter
horizontal spacings. The base shall be buried in a trench four hundred fifty (450)
millimeters by four hundred fifty (450) millimeters deep. The Contractor shall allow
for all necessary excavation and backfilling.
8.01.3.12 Pruning. Immediately after planting, all plants are to be pruned as
directed by the Engineer and in accordance with accepted horticultural practices.
Pruning shall consist of carefully cutting back any damaged, dead or diseased
11
branches; the removal of any weak or malformed growth, with the aim of forming
each type of stock to the standard shape for its species. All pruning cuts greater
than nineteen (19) millimeters shall be treated with an approved tree wound
dressing.
8.01.3.13 Mulch. Gravel mulch shall be laid sequentially with the plant material
and to a thickness of fifty (50) millimeters. Gravel mulch shall consist of washed
gravel that is free from dirt, organic matter, clays, clay film or other deleterious
matter. Grading shall be eighteen (18) to twenty-five (25) millimeters diameter.
Gravel mulch shall be kept away from all drain inlets, pedestrian and vehicular
surfaces.
Rock mulch used to stabilize the large open areas and planting beds shall be
crushed stone or gravel, clean and free from sand, clay, dirt, organic matter or other
deleterious matter. Grading shall be twenty-five (25) to fifty (50) millimeters
diameter.
8.01.3.14 Watering. The Contractor shall ensure that sufficient water is applied
to maintain healthy growth of all trees and plants. All plants shall be watered
immediately after planting. If an irrigation system is required, water may be
obtained from such facility. When an irrigation system is not required, the
Contractor shall make his own arrangements for furnishing and applying water and
shall be responsible for all costs involved.
Water shall be applied in a moderate stream until the backfill soil throughout the
depth of each plant is saturated. Where watering is done with a hose, a pressure
reducing device approved by the Engineer shall be used. Under no circumstances
shall the full force of the water from the open end of a hose be allowed to fall within
the basin around any plant.
8.01.3.15 Protection. Newly planted trees and plants shall be protected where
necessary until plants are established. Any damage to planting shall be made good
and the ground reinstated if disturbed, at the Contractor's expense.
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8.01.3.16 Preparation and Maintenance of Grass Areas. Agricultural soils

shall be placed to a minimum depth of one hundred fifty (150) millimeters to
establish an acceptable seed medium. The seeding area shall be graded to line
and grade and all weeds, sticks and stones more than twenty-five (25) millimeters
diameter removed. Fertilizer shall be incorporated at the following rate: one
hundred (100) kilograms P205, one hundred (100) kilograms K 20 and fifty (50)
kilograms N per hectare. The soil shall be cultivated to a minimum depth of one
hundred (100) millimeters resulting in a lightly firm but friable seedbed.
The seeding area is to be thoroughly moistened before seeding and mulched with
either straw or hay mulch within twenty-four (24) hours of seeding. The mulched
seeded areas shall be kept moist until at least ten (10) days after seed germination.
8.01.3.17 Grass Seeding. Grass areas shall be recultivated immediately prior to
planting if so required by the Engineer.
Seeding shall be carried out at the appropriate state in the Contract. The
Contractor shall ensure that the seed bed is thoroughly irrigated before seeding.
Seed shall be applied at the rate of one (1) kilogram per one hundred (100) square
meters, spread evenly in two (2) equal sowings in transverse directions and areas
lightly harrowed or raked.
8.01.3.18 Hydroseeding.
8.01.3.18.1 General. The Contractor shall furnish labor, materials, equipment
and transportation to plant and stabilize by hydroseeding all the areas that are
designated on the Contract Drawings and described herein to be hydroseeded.
Included as part of the work in this Section but not necessarily limited by it are the
following:
Soil Stabilization and Hydroseeding
Materials
Hydroseeding Installation
Maintenance Procedures
Irrigation as required.
8.01.3.18.2 Quality of Work.
The hydroseeding work shall be performed by a competent, trained individual
or by use of an approved hydroseeding Subcontractor in accordance with the best
standards and practices relating to the trade and under the continuous supervision
of a competent foreman capable of interpreting the Contract Drawings and
Specifications.
8.01.3.18.3 Inspection of Conditions.
The Contractor shall examine related work including irrigation and grading
surfaces before proceeding with work and inform the Ministry in writing on
conditions which will prevent the proper execution of his work. Failure to report
unsuitable conditions will constitute acceptance of performing all work caused by
the unsuitable conditions.
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8.01.3.18.4 Soil Stabilization and Hydroseeding Materials.

All materials shall be approved and first grade quality and shall be in prime
condition when installed and accepted. Any commercial process or packaging
material shall be undisturbed and materials delivered to the site in the original,
unopened condition bearing the manufacturer's guaranteed analysis. They shall be
applied at the rates given below:
1. Fertilizer - three hundred thirty-six (336) kilograms per hectare of 16-20-20+
micronutrients, inorganic commercial fertilizer.
2. Fiber Mulch - at the quantity per hectare of cellulose fiber or paper mulching
fiber as indicated on the Special Specifications.
3. Super Absorbent Humectant - at the quantity per hectare indicated on the
Contract Drawings.
4. Soil Stabilant - four hundred seventy (470) liters per hectare of soil
stabilant.
5. Seedmix - Seedmix for the contract area as specified in Subsection 8.01.2.3,
"Plants" and Paragraph 8.01.5.1.1 "Grass Seeding" in these General Specifications
or as specified in the Special Specifications.
Each type of seed shall be delivered to the site in separate sacks labeled with
proper Latin names per variety and pure live seed count per kilogram on each sack.
Any deviation from procedures, pure live seed rates, varieties or quantities must be
authorized in writing by the Engineer. Written verification of seed components for
each mix shall be supplied to the Engineer along with copies of certified seed
analysis reports and respective lot numbers. Certified seed analysis shall be by a
licensed seed laboratory.
8.01.3.18.5 Hydroseeding Equipment.
1.
The above specified components shall be mixed together in the
hydroseeding machine to allow for a homogenous slurry which is thoroughly mixed
with potable water and can be applied easily without clogging. The machine type
must be approved by the Ministry.
2. The equipment shall have a built-in agitation system and operating capacity
sufficient to agitate, suspend and homogeneously mix a slurry containing not less
than five (5) kilograms of fiber mulch plus fertilizers and chemical additives and
solids for each one hundred (100) liters of potable water.
3. The hydroseeding equipment shall meet the minimum requirements of a
slurry distribution line large enough to prevent stoppage and shall be equipped with
a set of hydraulic spray nozzles which will provide a continuous nonfluctuating
discharge at the end of the spray nozzle.
8.01.3.18.6 Hydroseeding Installation and Planting Schedule.
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1. The hydroseeding shall be applied in the form of a slurry consisting of

organic soil amendments, commercial fertilizers, fiber, mulch, super absorbent
humectant, potable water and seeds. When hydraulically sprayed onto the soil, the
hydroseeding SHALL NOT FORM A BLOTTER LIKE MATERIAL. Instead, the spray
operation should be so directed that the slurry spray will penetrate the soil surface
as to drill and mix the slurry components into the soil, thus ensuring maximum
impregnation and coverage of the sand particles with soil stabilizing material. The
impregnation and mixing of the components will help in retaining moisture while
preventing soil erosion.
2. The slurry shall be prepared at the site and its components shall be mixed
to supply the rates of application as outlined in these specifications.
Slurry preparation should begin by adding potable water to the tank when the
engine is at one-half () throttle. When the water level has reached the height of
the agitator shaft and good recirculation has been established, the fertilizers shall
be added to the mixture (the tank shall be at least one-third (_) filled with water at
this time).
The engine throttle shall be opened to full speed when the tank is one-half ()
filled with water. All organic amendments and soil stabilants shall then be added by
the time the tank is two-thirds (_) full. At this time the seedmix shall also be added.
Spraying shall commence immediately after the tank is full and the slurry is
mixed.
3. Application - The operator shall spray the areas with a uniform coat using
the dark color of the dye in the fiber as a visible guide. The slurry shall be applied
in a downward drilling motion via a fan stream nozzle. It is important to ensure that
all the components enter and mix with the soil to a depth not greater than ten (10)
millimeters. The hydroseed materials have a tendency to build upon themselves.
Therefore, it is important that the Contractor employs only qualified personnel to
ensure uniformity of the hydroseed application.
4. Time Limit - The hydroseeding slurry components are not to be left in the
hydroseed machine for more than two (2) hours for fear of destruction of the seeds.
The Contractor shall add fifty percent (50%) more of the originally specified seedmix
to any slurry which has not been applied within two (2) hours after mixing. The
Contractor shall add seventy-five percent (75%) more of the original seedmix to any
slurry which has not been applied within six hours after mixing. Any mixture which
has not been applied within eight (8) hours shall be rejected and disposed of off-site
at the Contractor's expense.
5. Protection - Special care is to be exercised by the Contractor to prevent any
slurry from being sprayed onto any hardscape areas including concrete walks,
fences, walls, buildings, etc. Any slurry sprayed onto these areas shall be removed
at the Contractor's expense.
6.
Hydroseeding Schedule - The hydroseeding and soil stabilization
installation should be timed to take advantage of the natural precipitation during the
winter rainy season. As an added precaution, the area shall be presoaked by
15
potable water truck or irrigation to a depth of seventy-five (75) millimeters

immediately prior to the hydroseeding installation.
7. The hydroseeding areas shall be sealed with a soil stabilant immediately
following the completion of the hydroseeding application. The time lapse between
the first application of hydroseed and the sealing with soil stabilant shall not exceed
twenty-four (24) hours.
8. Irrigation at the rates and frequency required for germination and
establishment shall begin not more than twenty-four (24) hours after the completion
of the hydroseeding and soil stabilant application.
8.01.3.19 Sod. This work consists of furnishing and placing living sod of
perennial turf-forming grasses. Sod placement is designated as solid or spot as
outlined below.
Sod shall be a living vigorous growth of the type of grass and thickness specified
in the contract. The grass shall have a dense root system contained in suitable sod
and reasonably free from noxious weeds and grasses. When the sod is cut, its top
growth shall not be more than seventy-five (75) millimeters in height. Sod shall be
cut and placed during the local growing season. Sod shall be placed only when
weather and soil moisture conditions are favorable.
Pegs for sod shall be fabricated from sound wood, at least two hundred (200)
millimeters long, square or round, and having a cross-sectional area of
approximately six hundred forty-five (645) millimeters.
The area to be sodded shall be cleared and graded. The grade shall be
cultivated, disked, harrowed or otherwise loosened to a depth of not less than one
hundred (100) millimeters. Stones larger than twenty-five (25) millimeters in any
diameter, sticks, stumps, and other debris that might interfere with the proper
placement or subsequent growth shall be removed. The area to be sodded shall be
cultivated like a grass area per Paragraph 8.01.3.16 "Preparation and Maintenance
of Grass Areas" in these General Specifications.
The Contractor shall provide the Engineer at least three (3) days notice before
cutting sod. The Engineer will inspect and approve the sod in its original position
before cutting. The Contractor shall not deliver sod until the soil is prepared. The
prepared sod bed shall be thoroughly moistened. The sod shall be placed within
twenty-four (24) hours after cutting or within five (5) calendar days after cutting
when the sod is stored in moist stacks, grass-to-grass and roots-to-roots. Protect
sod against drying and from freezing.
1. Solid Sod. Sod shall be placed perpendicular to drainage flows. Sections of
solid sod shall be placed edge to edge with staggered joints. Openings shall be
plugged with sod or openings filled with acceptable loamy seeded topsoil. Sod shall
be rolled or tamped to eliminate air pockets and provide an even surface. On
slopes 1V:2H or steeper and in channels, sod shall be pegged on six-tenths (0.6)
meter centers after rolling or tamping.
16
2. Spot Sod. Sod is to be placed in blocks. The blocks shall be rolled or tamped
into the soil until the sod surfaces are slightly below the surrounding ground
surface. The sod shall be watered when placing and kept moist for a minimum of
ten (10) days. Erosion shall be avoided when watering.
The Contractor shall erect warning signs and barriers to protect newly sodded
areas. Wheeled vehicles shall not be allowed on newly sodded areas.
Sodded areas shall be mowed and sodded areas that are damaged or fail to
show a uniform growth of grass shall be repaired or replaced. Sodded areas shall
be maintained until final acceptance of the project.
8.01.4 COMPLETION AND MAINTENANCE. This item shall be read in conjunction
with the General Requirements for Maintenance of Irrigation and Landscaping in the
attached Appendix "2".
8.01.4.1 After Planting. All soils areas shall be forked and/or raked to a fine tilth
with approved cambers and no hollows.
8.01.4.2 Cleanliness. Soil and rubbish shall be removed from hard surfaces and
the works left in a clean and tidy condition.
8.01.4.3 Maintenance Period. The Contractor shall be responsible for the
maintenance of the planted areas, their irrigation and all operations necessary to
keep the plants in a healthy condition for a period of two (2) years following the
satisfactory completion of landscaping.
The maintenance shall include, but not be limited to watering, watering, weeding,
pruning, mowing, fertilizing, removing rubbish, replacing plants, applying approved
chemicals to counter insect attack, disease and weeds and any other horticultural
operations recognized as necessary for the proper growth of plants and for keeping
the contract area neat in appearance.
8.01.4.4 Maintenance Program. Visits shall be made at approximately daily
intervals during the growing season and as necessary to fulfill the requirement of
the Contract. The Contractor shall keep accurate records as to the operations
conducted and keep such records available for inspection by the Engineer.
8.01.4.5 Watering. Irrigation should be conducted regularly. Irrigation duration
should be scheduled to provide sufficient water for plants' growth based on the
monthly plant water requirement. Once per month throughout the maintenance
period, the Contractor shall supply certified laboratory water quality test reports as
mentioned in Paragraph 8.01.2.5 "Irrigation Water" in these General Specifications.
8.01.4.6 Weed Control and Debris Removal. Weed and debris removal from
an area of two (2) meter diameter around each tree and one (1) meter diameter
around each ground cover or shrub shall be routinely performed by the Contractor.
Grass and weeds shall not be allowed to reach a height of fifty (50) millimeters (two
(2) inches) in any tree basin or around any plant before being completely removed,
including root growth.
17
8.01.4.7 Pruning. Plants shall be pruned at an appropriate time to remove any

dead, dying or diseased wood and suckers in order to promote healthy growth and
natural shape. Cut ends exceeding twenty-five (25) millimeters in diameter shall be
treated with tree wound dressing.
8.01.4.8 Fertilizing. Throughout the maintenance period the Contractor shall
apply a soluble NPK fertilizer in weak solution through the injector mechanism
located at each pump station. The fertilizer shall also include traces of zinc, iron
and manganese.
Every two (2) months the Contractor shall take one (1) soil sample per half a
hectare in each separate planting area serviced by fertilizer injection unit as
directed by the Engineer. The soil samples shall be tested for agricultural nutrients
and fertility suitable for arid plant growth.
The soil sample shall be tested by an approved agricultural soil testing laboratory
from the Ministry of Agriculture to determine the levels of nutrients and obtain
recommendations for the rate of application of nitrogen, phosphorus and
exchangeable potassium together with the need for trace elements.
The dilution rate shall be as per the injector and manufacturer's recommendations
and as directed by the Engineer. Fertilizer material and application rate shall be
performed by the Contractor, and will be monitored and certified by the Engineer at
the time of injection.
8.01.4.9 Plant Replacement. From a field review of completed sections of
planting works thirty (30) days after installation, the Engineer will direct the
Contractor to remove and replace all plants determined by the Engineer as dead,
from the Contract Site. Plants reviewed that, though not dead but which exhibit
questionable abilities to survive will be marked by the Contractor in the presence of
the Engineer that require subsequent review after an additional thirty (30) day
period.
The Contractor shall make every effort to stabilize the quality of all plants
identified by the Engineer as questionable well in advance of any additional field
reviews. Plants reviewed as not being in a healthy condition one hundred and
twenty (120) days from installation will be noted by the Contractor for removal and
replacement. As soon as seasonal planting conditions are appropriate the
Contractor shall replant any areas containing unhealthy and dead plants at his own
expense. The replanted species shall be as close as possible in size, shape and
species as already growing on site.
8.01.4.10 Pest and Disease Control. Specific checks for pests and disease are
to be carried out every week by the trained technical specialist of the Contractor's
staff.
Spraying and dusting with approved insecticides and fungicides to control pests
and to ensure healthy plant growth and survival, shall be performed as directed by
the Engineer. The Contractor shall submit for the Engineer's review and approval
manufacturer's product information with a sample one (1) liter of all proposed
chemical insecticides and fungicides and a minimum thirty (30) calendar days prior
18
to their anticipated use. Spraying with pesticides and fungicides shall be performed
as required to control pests and disease and as approved by the Engineer. The
Contractor shall maintain a supply of recognized and approved horticultural
chemicals in sufficient quantities to combat recurring pests and/or disease
infestation that might occur during the length of the contract.
The Contractor shall follow the manufacturer's recommendations in handling and
storage of chemicals. Certain chemicals such as potassium nitrate must be
separated from other chemicals. The ventilated storage area of the Contractor's
chemicals must be locked when not in use and toxic hazard notices shall be posted
in both Arabic and English, and suitable protective clothing and washing facilities
shall be furnished by the Contractor, together with first aid equipment immediately
adjacent to the storage area. The Contractor shall conduct training sessions in first
aid and site safety, in English and Arabic, ensuring staff awareness to any
precautionary measures that may be required for handling chemicals.
All equipment should be surface sterilized with methylated spirits after use on the
plants which are known, or suspected to be diseased. All diseased wood, fungi,
pruning, etc. to be disposed of after removal from diseased plants. The Contractor's
methods and location of disposal shall be reviewed and approved by the Engineer
prior to initiating the work.
8.01.4.11 Tree Stakes. The condition of all stakes, ties and guards shall be
checked and any broken or missing items replaced. Ties shall be adjusted to
prevent bark from being rubbed. Any damaged bark shall be cut back and treated
with tree wound dressing.
8.01.4.12 Burlap Wrapping. Wrapping shall be removed from the palm growing
buds when the turgor in the bud has been completely restored.
8.01.4.13 Grass Area Maintenance. The Contractor shall perform all required
soil tests, mowing, trimming, irrigation, aeration, thatching, top dressing, and
fertilization at frequencies required to maintain a healthy vigorous turf with a well
kept appearance. The Contractor will overseed with rye grasses in areas approved
by the Engineer to maintain a vigorous green color during winter months. The
Contractor shall continuously reseed thin or dead areas and top dress lawn areas
as required during the maintenance period.
8.01.5 GENERAL INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE REQUIREMENTS.
8.01.5.1 Defects. Any trees, shrubs or plants which are dead, dying or otherwise
defective at substantial completion of the Works or six (6) weeks after first leafing
out, whichever is later, shall be regarded as defects due to materials or
workmanship not in accordance with the Contract. These must be replaced by
approved equivalent trees, shrubs or plants unless otherwise instructed or unless
defects are caused by malicious damage after substantial completion.
At the end of the maintenance period, all planted areas shall be free from weeds,
trash, debris, and shall appear neat and clean. All plants shall be in good growing
condition and shall be pruned, as directed by the Engineer, to present a well shaped
and natural appearance. After pruning, all remaining wood shall be alive. All cut
19
surfaces of twenty-five (25) millimeters or more in diameter shall be treated with an

approved tree paint. Replacement plants shall be in place at least fifteen (15) days
prior to the end of the maintenance period and shall exhibit no signs of damage or
failure. The maintenance period shall be extended as required to ensure full
compliance with the specifications.
Failure of the Contractor to adequately perform maintenance during this period
shall be cause for extension of the maintenance period.
8.01.5.2
Manufacturer's Recommendations.
Recommendations for the
storage, handling and application of fertilizers, herbicides and other chemicals shall
be strictly followed.
8.01.5.3 Storage. All trees and plants which are not to be planted on the day of
delivery to the site shall be stored as follows, or by any other approved method:
1. Root-balled trees and plants shall be placed close together and root-balls
covered with sand, moist peat or wet straw.
2. Bare-rooted trees and plants shall be heeled in, in prepared trenches, covered
with sweet soil and watered thoroughly.
8.01.5.4 Planting Time. Plants and trees shall only be moved or planted into
permanent positions during the period mid February to mid May and mid September
to mid November every year and only when ground and weather conditions are
suitable. The Engineer's approval must be obtained to vary the planting period if
special conditions so warrant.
8.01.5.5 Weather Conditions. No planting shall be carried out when persistent
cold or drying winds are likely to occur, or if the soil is water logged or excessively
dry.
20
8.01.5.6 Planting Outside Specified Conditions. If the Engineer requires or

approves of planting outside the above season or hours or during adverse weather
conditions, the Contractor is not relieved of his obligations regarding plant
replacement during the Defects Liability Period.
The Contractor is to allow for all measures necessary to reduce fatalities in the plant
material by, for example, additional watering and the use of anti-desiccants and
shading, as he considers appropriate.
8.01.5.7 Notice. The Contractor must give forty-eight (48) hours notice to the
Engineer before commencing planting, maintenance or replacement work.
8.01.5.8 Meaning of Drawings. The drawings, specifications and other
documents are intended to convey accurate descriptions of the nature and standard
of quality of the work to be performed by the Contractor. Should the tenderer be in
any doubt regarding the true meaning and intent of any Clause in the Specification,
etc., he is invited to have these fully resolved before submitting his tender.
8.01.5.9 Planting Designs. Three (3) weeks prior to the commencement of
excavation, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval, shop drawings
indicating all the planting positions, species sizes. They shall be prepared in
accordance with the planting plans supplied by the Engineer and shall be liable to
in-situ adjustments as required.
8.01.5.10 "As Planted" Record. Before issuing of the Certificate of Substantial
Completion, the Contractor shall furnish the Client with a bound set of layout
Drawings to a scale 1:1000 which record the actual species used in the planted
areas, including all approved substitutes.
8.01.6 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. Trees, palms, shrubs, creepers, ground
cover, succulents and climbing plants are all measured by number. Grass,
hydroseeding mixes, gravel mulch and concrete tiling wherever specified shall be
measured by the square meter. These measurements are taken to include all
necessary works such as preparation of planting areas, excavation of pits,
furnishing of all plants, stakes, ties, agricultural soil and fertilizers and all labor and
maintenance.
8.01.7 PAYMENT. The quantities, measure as provided above, shall be paid for at
the contract unit price(s) for the several pay items as specified in the Bill of
Quantities, which prices shall be full compensation for furnishing, preparation of
planting areas including plants, soil, fertilizers, stakes, chemicals and placing all
materials, for all labor and maintenance, equipment and all other items described in
the specifications necessary for the proper completion of the work.
The supply of water required will not be paid for directly but shall be considered
subsidiary work pertaining to the several items contained in the landscape works.
The Contractor shall supply water for his own Contract and for any additional
adjacent Contracts which are served by his pumping station.
21
For guarantee of perfect maintenance of works according to the Specifications,

an amount equivalent to twenty-four percent (24%) of total amount of landscape
items shall be reserved to be paid during maintenance period (24 months) at equal
monthly payments of one percent (1%) according to performance of maintenance or
works as required.
Prices and payment made under this section shall cover and be full compensation
for furnishing labor, equipment, materials, tools and incidentals for completing the
work as specified in Subsection 1.07.2, "Scope of Payment" in these General
Specifications.
PAYMENT WILL BE MADE UNDER ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING:
ITEM NO
PAY ITEM
PAY UNIT
80101
Trees, Acacia arabica
Unit
80102
Trees, Albizzia lelbbek
Unit
80103
Trees, Casuarina
Unit
80104
Trees, Delonix regia
Unit
80105
Trees, Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Unit
80106
Trees, Prosopis juliflora
Unit
80107
Trees, Schinus molle
Unit
80108
Trees, Schinus terebinthifolius
Unit
80109
Trees, Ficus nitida
Unit
80110
Trees, Ficus altissima
Unit
80111
Trees, Pithecellobium dulce
Unit
80112
Trees, Aiziphus mauritiana
Unit
80113
Trees, (Type)
Unit
80120
Palms, Phoenix dactylifera
Unit
80121
Palms, (Type)
Unit
80125
Shrubs, Acacia farnesiana
Unit
80126
Shrubs, Bougainvillea spectabilis
Unit
80127
Shrubs, Bougainvillea glabra
Unit
80128
Shrubs, Caesalpina pulcherrima
Unit
80129
Shrubs, Dodonia viscosa
Unit
80130
Shrubs, Callistermon viminalis
Unit
80131
Shrubs, Atriplex halimus
Unit
22
80132
Shrubs, Tecoma stans
Unit
80133
Shrubs, Tehvitia nereifolia
Unit
80134
Shrubs, (Type)
Unit
80140
Creepers, (Type)
Unit
80145
Ground Cover, Carissa grandiflora
Unit
80146
Ground Cover, Clerodendron inerme
Unit
80147
Ground Cover, Ipomoea pes-capre
Unit
80148
Ground Cover, Ipomoea carica
Unit
80149
Ground Cover, (Type)
Unit
80155
Succulents, Aloe vera
Unit
80156
Succulents, Agava americana
Unit
80157
Succulents, Opuntia
Unit
80158
Succulents, Yucca alofolia
Unit
80159
Succulents, (Type)
Unit
80165
Climbing Plant, (Type)
Unit
80170
Grass, Bermuda
Square Meter
80171
Grass, Cydomon Dactylon/Roa Annua
Square Meter
80172
Grass, (Type)
Square Meter
80175
Hydroseeding Mixes, Bermuda
Square Meter
80176
Hydroseeding Mixes, (Type)
Square Meter
80180
Gravel Mulch, Class 18-25 mm dia
Square Meter
80181
Gravel Mulch, Class ___ - ___ mm dia
Square Meter
80185
Precast Concrete Tiling
Square Meter
80186
Sod
Square Meter
23
SECTION 8.02 IRRIGATION

8.02.1 SCOPE AND REQUIREMENTS
8.02.1.1 Scope. This work shall consist of supplying, installing, testing and
maintaining an irrigation system complete in all respects, all in accordance with the
specifications and in conformity with the details shown on the Drawings or
established by the Engineer.
All irrigation water used by the Contractor for watering shall be of an approved
quality and the Contractor shall provide the Engineer with complete physical and
chemical analyses of this water and shall obtain necessary approvals prior to its
use.
ITEMS IN BILL OF QUANTITIES
Irrigation Pipework
Plastic Irrigation Pipe
Steel Irrigation Pipe
Valve, Butterfly
Valve, Air Type
Valve, Globe
Valve, Silent Check
Valve, Remote Control
Valve, Pressure Reducing
Valve, Pressure Relief, Check
Valve, Penstock
Valve, Gate
Combination Valves
Electricity Supply
Mechanical Plant for Irrigation Pumping Station
Electrical Installations for Pumping Station
Civil Works for Pumping Station
Suction and Header Pipes for Pumping Station
Pumping Station Chain Link Fence and Gates
8.02.1.2 Abbreviations.
BS British Standards
SAS Saudi Arabian Standards
U/L Underwriters Laboratory
24
8.02.1.3 Shop Drawings and Approval of Equipment. The Contractor shall

prepare shop drawings showing the detailed and accurate construction of every
element of the Works. The shop drawings shall cover but not be limited to:
1. Reinforced concrete details and bar bending schedules.
2. The accurate setting out plans of all irrigation pipelines presented on 1/500
scale over one (1) meter contour background as obtained from actual field survey,
indicting the pipe diameter, the location and size of all valves, fittings, and irrigators.
3. Installation details of valves, risers, pumping units and accessories.
4. Irrigation schedule showing the reference number of every valve, time of
irrigation and length of the irrigation period.
5. Wiring layout of all remote control valves including the size and length of wires
used.
Shop drawings for a specific location shall be submitted in triplicate to the
Engineer at least two (2) weeks prior to commencement of construction in that
location. No permanent work shall proceed in a location until the relevant shop
drawings have been approved by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall submit full details in triplicate of all materials and equipment
to be supplied for the approval of the Engineer. Firm orders for equipment shall not
be placed until equipment has been approved in writing.
8.02.1.4 Record Drawings. The Contractor shall provide record drawings, to a
scale not less than one one-thousandth (1/1000), showing the locations, dimensions
and details of the Works as built. The drawings can be prepared by making
amendments to the Contract Drawings; the Engineer will provide the Contractor
with one (1) set of reproducible transparencies of the Contract Drawings for this
purpose.
The record drawings shall be prepared not later than twenty (20) days after
completion of the corresponding part of the Works. Upon completion of the whole of
the Works, the completed record drawings shall be submitted to the Engineer for
approval before the substantial Completion Certificate is issued. After approval, the
Contractor shall provide three (3) bound sets of prints and one (1) reproducible
transparency to the Employer.
Record drawings shall give the exact location, with respect to the road section,
other pipelines and other permanent features, of all standard and special pipes,
fittings, valves, irrigators and all other items incorporated in the Works, including
diameters, pressure class or rating, and the actual pressures as measured on the
highest and lowest irrigators commanded by each pressure regulating valve.
25
8.02.1.5 Maintenance and Operation.

8.02.1.5.1 General. The Contractor shall operate and maintain the irrigation
system throughout the Maintenance Period as defined under Section 8.01,
Landscaping in these General Specifications and shall provide staff in full time
attendance throughout the period.
This item to be read in conjunction with the General Requirements for
Maintenance of Irrigation and Landscaping in the attached Appendix "2".
8.01.1.5.2 Works. Maintenance of the works included in this Section shall
cover all work necessary to adequately operate and keep all irrigation equipment,
valves, pipelines and appurtenances in a proper operating condition, all to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.
The maintenance program shall in general include but not be limited to the
following:
1. Supply of irrigation water of suitable quality and in adequate quantities to
meet the irrigation requirements. The Contractor shall arrange to obtain water from
an adequate source, subject to the approval of the Employer and the Engineer, and
shall pay all expenses incident thereto. Ground water may be exploited for this
purpose and the Employer will provide assistance for obtaining approval by the
relevant authorities.
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval, a full analysis of the
water from each source prior to its use for irrigation, and at one (1) month intervals
thereafter.
2. Irrigation at a frequency and depth as required for every season.
3. Maintenance and repair of all irrigation equipment, pipes, valves, pumping
stations, and all appurtenances.
4. Provision of a detailed maintenance program to be submitted to the
Engineer for approval at least two (2) months before any irrigation system is
operated. This program shall include the Operation and Maintenance organization
chart, the regular Maintenance works, the irrigation scheduling the means of
providing water to the site and all other activities incident thereto.
5. Keeping a record of all maintenance, repair and operation activities
throughout the maintenance period. This record shall show the date, location and
type of work performed, all repairs and replacements, the amount of water applied
at every irrigation and the duration of the application, results of the water analyses
and all works, activities and equipment relevant to the operation and maintenance
works. This record shall be complete to the approval of the Employer and the
Engineer and shall revert to the Employer so that it can be used by the authority in
charge following the expiry of the Maintenance Period.
8.02.1.6 Operation and Maintenance Literature. Prior to the final acceptance of
the installation, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer six (6) sets of manuals
26
for all equipment supplied under the Contract. The manuals for all equipment
supplied under the Contract. The manuals shall be A4 size bound in loose leaf
binders or booklets suitably enclosed and shall include the following in Arabic and
English languages:
1. Single line diagrams of the complete electrical installations.
2. Control, projection and circuit diagrams for all equipment.
3. Setting up, commissioning and operating instructions.
4. Trouble shooting procedures.
5. Maintenance instruction including schedules for preventative maintenance,
recommended lubricants and equivalents.
6. The manufacturers catalogues and spare parts numbers of all permanent
works together with a recommended spares list.
7. A description of the regular maintenance activities and the proper operating
methods of the system in both the Arabic and English languages.
8. Name of Manufacturers' local or nearest authorized representative(s) and
service agent(s).
8.02.2 PIPING AND APPURTENANCES
8.02.2.1 Scope. PIPING AND APPURTENANCES cover all pipes, fittings valves,
irrigation equipment and accessories relevant to the irrigation network and also the
Pumping Stations and Water Tanks.
8.02.2.2 Special Requirements. Notwithstanding the specific standards relevant
to every pipe material, the following general requirements shall apply to all pipe
materials:
8.02.2.2.1 Manufacturer's Certificate.
Every shipment shall be accompanied by an original statement from the
manufacturer certifying that the products have been subject to the tests specified in
the relevant standards, have been found to meet the requirements thereof and are
manufactured in complete accordance with the specified standards.
Records of all tests carried out at the factory shall be kept and made available
to the Engineer.
27
8.02.2.2.2 Marking.
Products shall have the following marks legibly cast, stamped or indelibly
painted on, as appropriate:
1. Trade name, or manufacturer's name, monogram or identification mark.
2. Relevant standard(s).
3. Nominal diameter and pressure class designation.
4. Length of pipe is shorter than standard length.
5. Angle of bends in degrees.
6. Date of manufacture.
7. Shift of manufacture or lot reference.
8. Material used.
8.02.2.2.3 Retests.
For the purpose of this Specification, the term "batch" shall be deemed to
include products of the same material, size and pressure class only.
The Engineer reserves the right to require additional tests or retests on
selected products and the Contractor shall defray all costs. These tests when
required shall be carried out an independent testing organization approved by the
Engineer through the offices of the Contractor, in accordance with the latest
applicable standards. The samples to be tested shall be selected by the Engineer
with at least one (1) from every batch, and shall be subjected to any or all of the
tests specified in the applicable standards.
If a sample shall fail to pass a given test, two (2) additional samples of the
same batch shall be subjected to the same test. The failure of one (1) of these
additional samples to pass this test shall be cause for rejection of that size,
pressure class and type of manufacture during the same shift as the test samples.
8.02.2.3 Handling. All products shall be delivered to and distributed at the site
by the Contractor. The Contractor shall follow the manufacturer's recommendations
for handling, repairing, laying, jointing, anchoring, testing and other works with due
respect to the following:
1. Loading and unloading shall be carried out by lifting with hoists, using ropes
or slings in order to avoid shock or damage. Fittings shall be loaded and unloaded
individually. Under no circumstances shall such materials be dropped. Pipes
handled on skidways shall not be skidded or rolled against pipes or other materials
already on the ground. No dragging on the ground will be allowed.
28
2. Pipes shall be stacked by placing the first layer on level timber. Pipes shall
not rest on sockets or joint faces. Pipes of the same diameter shall be stacked
together with suitable labels, on which shall be entered the stack reference number,
date of dispatch, date of delivery at the Site and the number of pipes. Height of
stack shall be to the manufacturer's instructions. Rubber rings, plastic materials
and any other materials as recommended by the manufacturers, shall be stored in
shaded locations in their original packing.
3. Each pipe shall be unloaded on Site opposite or near the place where it will be
installed.
8.02.2.4 Pipes, Fittings and Accessories. The pressure class of the pipes,
fittings and accessories shall be as indicated in the Specifications that follow unless
otherwise specifically indicated on the Drawings:
8.02.2.4.1 Ductile Iron Pressure Pipes.
Flexibility jointed pipes shall be to BS 4772 Class K9, with NP10 joints, flanged
pipes to BS 4772 Class K12, fittings to BS 4772 K12 except for fittings with
branches which shall be Class K14, and flanges to BS 4504. All flanges shall be
rated at NP25.
Factory protection shall consist of:
Internally: cement mortar lining to BS 4772 Appendix C with sulphate resisting
Portland cement to BS 4027.
Externally: coating with bitumen to BS 3416, thickness one (1) mil.
8.02.2.4.2 Unplasticised PVC Pressure Pipes.
Pipes shall be to SAS 14 Class 5 and SAS 15 unless otherwise indicated on
the Drawings and in the Bill of Quantities. All sizes shown on the Drawing and the
Bill of Quantities are for nominal internal diameter.
Fittings shall be injection molded to SAS 14.
Joints shall be injection molded to SAS 14.
8.02.2.4.3 Asbestos Cement Pressure Pipes.
Pipes shall be to SAS 5 and SAS 6 Class 18 manufactured with sulphate
resistance cement conforming to BS 4027.
Ductile iron fittings to BS 4772, protected internally with cement mortar and
externally with bitumen shall be used with asbestos cement pipes.
End
combinations shall be as shown on the Drawings. Spigot or plain ended fittings
shall have their ends shaped to suit specified asbestos cement joints.
29
Joints between pipes and between pipes and fittings shall be of the sleeve type
utilizing gasket retaining grooved asbestos cement couplings. Rubber sealing rings
shall be to BS 2494.
8.02.2.4.4 Steel Tubes and Tubulars.
Tubes shall be to BS 1387 Medium Class with screwed joints to BS 21.
Factory protection shall consist of dipping in molten zinc containing not less than
ninety-eight and one-half percent (98.5%) by weight of zinc at a temperature
suitable to produce a complete and uniform adherent coating.
8.02.2.4.5 Flexible Pipe Couplings.
Flexible couplings are to be of the correct type and class recommended by the
manufacturer for the specific pipe material and pressure. They must be fixed
exactly in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Factory protection
shall consist of external and internal coating with bitumen to BS 3416, thickness one
(1) mil.
Flexible pipe couplings shall be of the straight type to connect two (2) plain
ended pipes of the same outside diameter or of the stepped type for large
diametrical differences. Coupling is to be with center register. Material shall be
malleable iron to BS 300 Grade 20/10 or rolled steel to BS 970-060 A12. Bolts to
BS 90-EN3A. Rubber rings to BS 2494.
Allowable angular deflection shall not be less than six degrees (6 o) for sizes up
to six hundred (600) millimeters diameter.
8.02.2.4.6 Flanged Adaptors.
Material shall be cast iron body to BS 1452 grade 14 or mild steel plate to BS
4360 - 4SA and malleable cast iron flanges to BS 310 grade 20/10 or rolled steel to
BS 970-060 A12. Bolts to BS 970-EN3A. Rubber rings to BS 2494.
Length of adaptor shall be two hundred (200) millimeters for diameters up to
one hundred fifty (150) millimeters, two hundred fifty (250) millimeters for diameters
between two hundred (200) and three hundred (300) millimeters and as approved
for diameters larger than three hundred (300) millimeters. Factory protection shall
consist of external and internal coating with bitumen to BS 3416, thickness one (1)
mil.
8.02.2.4.7 Jointing Materials.
1. Gaskets shall be elastomeric full face three (3) millimeter thick joint rings to
BS 2494 with dimensions to BS 3063.
2. Rings shall be elastomeric to BS 2494.
manufacturer's recommendations to suit type of joint.
30
Dimensions shall be to
3. Bolts and nuts shall be ISO metric black hexagon to BS 4190 minimum
tensile strength four hundred thirty-three (433) MN per square meter, maximum
elongation seventeen percent (17%). After fixing, bolt projection shall be maximum
six (6) millimeters, minimum three (3) millimeters.
4. Washers shall be black steel conforming to BS 4320.
8.02.2.4.8 Field Testing.
1. General.
The Contractor shall provide pumping equipment, pressure gauges,
instruments and water needed for hydrostatic field testing. Tests shall be carried out
in the presence of the Engineer's representative.
Fittings and joints shall be permanently anchored before testing and left
exposed for checking. All pipework is to be cleaned and swabbed, prior to field
testing, to remove any material that may have collected during installation.
Pipelines shall be partially backfilled before testing.
Each section shall be limited to five hundred (500) millimeters or the length
between valve positions, whichever is shorter. No testing shall be carried out
against a closed valve.
Ends of test sections shall be securely plugged and strutted.
Ends of risers shall be plugged and all air purged.
No testing shall be carried out against or through the pressure reducing valves.
The setting of the pressure reducing valves shall not be changed for testing
purposes. Pressures shall be applied by manually operated or motor driven test
pumps approved by the Engineer.
Exposed joints shall be examined for visible leaks and appropriately repaired
where necessary. Should a test fail, leaks shall be located and defective pipes or
joints made good or replaced and the pipeline retested.
Test records shall be kept in an approved form, and the original copy shall be
handed over to the Engineer immediately after completion of each test.
2. Hydrostatic Test.
The pipeline shall be filled slowly with water from the lowest point. After filling
with water, absorbent pipes shall be allowed to stand for at least twenty-four (24)
hours before testing to allow complete absorption.
Entrapped air shall be bled before pressurizing. Pressurizing is to continue
until the specified test pressure is reached in the lowest part of the section under
test. Further quantities of entrapped air shall be bled while pressure is being
raised.
31
Unless otherwise specifically indicated, the test pressure shall be thirteen

kilograms per square centimeter (13 kg/cm2) for all pipelines upstream of pressure
regulating valves and seven kilograms per square centimeter (7 kg/cm 2) for all
pipelines downstream of pressure regulating valves.
The test pressure shall be maintained for one (1) hour by pumping. Pumping
shall then be stopped for two (2) hours, at the end of which time, the line shall be
repressurized to the original test pressure and the volume of water pumped into the
line recorded.
The pipeline will be deemed to have failed the test if:
- Visible leaks are detected, regardless of leakage being within the allowable
specified limit.
- Volume of water pumped to restore original test pressure after the period
when pumping was stopped exceeds the allowable leakage of:
- Eight-tenths (0.8) liters per day per kilometer of pipe per millimeter of pipe
diameter for each three (3) kilograms per square centimeter (3 kg/cm 2) of
applied pressure for other pipe material.
- One-tenth (0.1) liters per kilometer of pipe per millimeter of pipe diameter for
each three (3) kilograms per square centimeter of applied pressure for other
pipe material.
8.02.2.4.9 PVC Ducts.
Ducks are to high impact resistant, acid resistant, high resistance to heat self
extinguishing, low coefficient of expansion PVC compound. The size of ducts shall
be as indicated in the Drawings.
Each section of duct is to have one (1) end tapered with jointed part being
equal or longer than eight (8) millimeters and joined using adhesive recommended
by manufacturer. Joint is to be waterproof and sandproof.
Ducts running under streets or paved areas are to be encased in concrete with
minimum thickness as shown on the Drawings.
Ducts are to be cleaned by rubber or leather mandrel slightly larger than duct
inside diameter.
A pull wire is to be placed in all ducts stretching the complete length and fixed
to wooden block.
8.02.2.5 Valves.
8.02.2.5.1 General.
Unless otherwise indicated, valves shall comply with the following:
32
1. Valves shall be rated at sixteen kilograms per square centimeter (16 kg/cm 2)
(NP 16).
2. Size fifty (50) millimeter (2 inch) and smaller shall have screwed ends to BS
21.
3. Size sixty-five (65) millimeter (2 inch) and larger shall have flanged end
connections to BS 4504 - NP 16.
4. The construction of the valve shall allow for complete servicing without
removing the valve body from the line.
5. Factory protection of cast iron valves shall consist of an initial coat of
protective paint applied immediately after shot blasting and a second coat on
assembly.
6. For cast iron valves that will be installed exposed indoors the protective
coating shall consist of two (2) coats of zinc primer. Two (2) coats of oil paint shall
be applied one (1) before and one (1) after assembly. For cast iron valves that will
be directly buried or installed inside valve chambers, the protective coating shall
consist of two (2) coats of cold applied coat tar based primer. Two (2) coats hot
applied coat tar based coating shall be applied after assembly.
7. After testing, each valve shall be drained, cleaned and closed. Valves shall
be prepared for dispatch in such a way as to prevent the possibility of damage to
inside or outside parts during transit. All machined parts shall be protected against
rusting by painting or by other approved means.
8. For all underground valves the Contractor shall provide a valve support, the
necessary ductile iron flanged/spigot pipes for connecting to pipes and all
necessary fittings, tapers, flanged adaptors, bolts, nuts, gaskets, etc., for a complete
valve installation as shown on the Drawings.
9. The valve box shall be constructed in accordance with the Drawings.
10. Valve markers shall bear suitable identification marking in accordance with
details given on the Drawings or as instructed.
33
8.02.2.5.2 Gate Valves.

1. Size fifty (50) millimeter (two (2) inch) and smaller shall be to BS 5154 with
solid wedge disk, non-rising stem, and screwed bonnet.
2. Size sixty-five (65) millimeter (two and one-half (2) inch) and larger shall
be to BS 5163 cast iron with inside screw, solid wedge, resilient seated, bolted
bonnet and non-rising stem suitable for NP 16.
Materials of component parts shall be from the basic or alternative materials
listed in BS 5163 Table 6.
Valves shall be supplied with either handwheels, valve caps or extension
sockets as shown.
8.02.2.5.3 Butterfly Valves.
Butterfly valves shall be to BS 5155, cast iron and carbon steel, double
flanged, resilient seated.
Operation key to be as indicated on the Drawings.
8.02.2.5.4 Globe Valves.
1. Size fifty (50) millimeter (two (2) inch) and smaller shall be to BS 5154 with
integral seat, revolving seat and disk, inside screw, rising stem and screwed bonnet.
be to BS 5152 cast iron with bronze trim, renewable seat and disk, outside screw,
rising stem and flanged bonnet.
8.02.2.5.5 Silent Check Valves.
1. Silent check valves shall be non-slam, spring loaded, suitable for
installation in any position. They shall have straight guided disc with two-point
bearing, wearing parts including disc, seat and other guide bushing shall be
replaceable. They shall also have flow area in excess of pipe for minimum pressure
drop.
2. Size fifty (50) millimeter (two (2) inch) and smaller shall be screwed, with
bronze body, seat and disc, 18-8 stainless steel spring, with body having three
hundred pounds per square inch (300 psi) working pressure rating.
be flanged, with cast iron body, bronze seat and disc, 18-8 stainless steel spring,
with body having two hundred fifty pounds per square inch (250 psi) working
pressure rating.
34
8.02.2.5.6 Remote Control Valves (RCV).

Remote control valves shall be provided with a twenty-four (24) volt, two (2)
watt solenoid coil for remote open/close operation and shall be normally closed. It
shall have a bleed off screw arranged to allow manual operation of the valve without
energizing the solenoid coil. It shall have an adjustable flow control with manual
shut-off.
Valves shall be of the slow-closing type suitable for the indicated low flow/low
operating capacity at an operating pressure of five-tenths (0.5) to ten (10) kilograms
per square centimeter.
Valves shall be fitted with nylon screens.
Valves shall be provided with all necessary pilot valves, copper tubes and
contacts for remote indication of the valve status position open or closed at the
irrigation program controller.
Valves shall be of corrosion resistant construction.
The valve body shall be glass filled nylon. The bonnet shall be A.B.S. The
diaphragm shall be reinforced nylon. Valves shall be fitted with a nylon screen.
8.02.2.5.7 Pressure Reducing Valves.
Pressure reducing valves (PRV) shall automatically reduce a higher inlet
pressure to a steady lower downstream pressure regardless of changing flow rate
and/or varying inlet pressure. They shall also prevent slamming or water hammer
through effective cushioning devices. Each PRV shall incorporate an orifice/strainer
block and a plugged outlet on the downstream end for measuring the reduced
pressure.
Each PRV shall have a control accuracy of two and one-half percent (2%)
of the preset reduced pressure value and shall have a drop tight shut-off, full face
seating.
The PVR shall be hydraulically operated and of the self-contained differential piston
or pilot controlled diaphragm or piston type.
Setting of the controlled downstream pressure and its testing shall be done at
the factory. Field tests shall be carried out to confirm the controlled pressure. This
pressure is indicated on the Drawings. The maximum upstream pressure that the
PVR shall be able to reduce to the indicated downstream pressure shall not be less
than ten kilograms per square centimeter (10 kg/cm 2). The valve shall close drop
tight when the downstream pressure exceeds the inlet pressure.
The valve body brass or cast iron shall be tested at sixteen kilograms per
square centimeter (16 kg/cm2).
The main valve shall be of the globe or angle type as specified. The pilot
controls, the trim or both main valve and pilot controls and all springs shall be of
stainless steel 303. The diaphragm shall be of nylon reinforced Buna-N.
35
Internal coating shall consist of epoxy resin.

One (1) portable pressure gauge suitable for fitting to the plugged outlet shall
be supplied with every batch of 25 PRV or fraction thereof exceeding twelve (12)
units. The number of pressure gauges thus supplied shall not be less than two (2)
nor shall it exceed five (5) units. Pressure gauges shall comply with the
Specifications set forth elsewhere in these General Specifications.
8.02.2.5.8 Remote Controlled Pressure Reducing Valves (RCPRV).
Remote Controlled Pressure Reducing Valves shall be solenoid valves each
provided with a pressure reducing module. Performance is similar to the pressure
reducing valve specified elsewhere in these General Specifications.
8.02.2.5.9 Pressure Relief Check Valves (Pump Control Valves).
This valve shall operate to automatically maintain a constant maximum system
pressure, regardless of varying demand rates, by relieving excess pressure to pump
suction. It shall also control excess pressure within the system and prevent back
flow in case of pressure reversal.
The valve shall operate when the system pressure exceeds a certain preset
maximum.
This maximum pressure shall be coordinated with the pump
characteristics, particularly the shut-off head, to avoid over-heating of the pump
motor at low demands.
The valve shall have a control accuracy of plus or minus two and one-half
percent ( 2.5 %) of the preset maximum system pressure and shall have a drop
tight shut-off whenever the system pressure is below the preset relief pressure.
Setting of the relief pressure and its testing shall be done at the factory. Field tests
shall be carried out to conform the relief pressure.
The main valve shall be of the globe type as specified. The pilot controls, the
trim of both main valve and pilot controls and all springs shall be of stainless steel
303. The diagram shall be of nylon reinforced Buna-N.
Internal coating shall consist of epoxy resin.
8.02.2.5.10 Air Valves.
1. General.
Valves shall have cast iron body and bolted cover to BS 1452 Grade 14
minimum, rubber outlet seat, plastic or ebonite ball, forged bronze screws and
guide for ball acting under pressure. Valves shall be of the dynamic type where
there is no possibility of the ball being drawing into the orifice due to high air
velocities. Valves shall be factor tested to sixteen kilograms per square
centimeter (16 kg/cm2).
36
Air valves shall be isolated from the mainline with a brass or gunmetal male
screwed stop valve.
2. Combination air valves shall be used for relieving air under vacuum or
pressure and in bulk and shall consist of a large orifice to release or admit air during
charging or emptying of mains and of a small orifice to release air accumulated at
summits of mains under pressure. The large orifice area shall be equal to or greater
than inlet of valve. Each combination air valve shall be fitted with nitrile rubber lined
butterfly valve with nylon coated disc on stainless steel shaft operated by lever
handle with indicator and locking thumb screw.
3. Air and Vacuum Valves.
Type I (large orifice) shall be used for releasing or admitting air during filling or
emptying of pipes.
Type II (small orifice) shall be used for automatically releasing, under pressure,
accumulated air at summits of mains and where necessary at gradient changes.
8.02.2.5.11 Penstocks.
Penstocks shall be of sluice gate type to AWWA C501 non-rising stem having a
faced back, studded for connecting to the discharge pipe flange and suitable for onseating pressure with conventional closure and circular aperture. The stem shall be
a continuous single piece - no couplings will be allowed.
Unless otherwise specified on the Drawings, any of the materials listed in
Section 2 of the AWWA Standard may be used in manufacture except that materials
identified as being subject to dezincification or dealumination are not to be used.
Sluice gates are to be operated by a handwheel without gears. Maximum
operating head from surface of water to centerline of gate will not exceed ten (10)
millimeters.
A leakage test, meeting the requirements of Section 6.3 of the AWWA
Standard, is to be carried out at the factory on all sluice gates and test certificates
and results shall be supplied in triplicate.
Surfaces of castings shall be factory protected as specified for cast iron valves.
8.02.2.5.12 Jointing Materials.
Gaskets shall be elastomeric full face three (3) millimeters thick joint rings to
BS 2494 with dimensions to BS 3063.
Rings shall be elastomeric to BS 2494. Dimensions as per manufacturer's
recommendation to suit type of joint required.
Bolts and nuts shall be ISO metric black hexagon to BS 4190, minimum tensile
strength 433 KN per square meter maximum elongation seventeen percent (17%).
37
After fixing bolt projection is to be maximum six millimeters, minimum three (3)
millimeters.
Washers shall be black steel to BS 4320.
8.02.2.5.13 GRP Valve Boxes. GRP valve boxes are to be designed to suit
the site conditions and loadings.
The glass reinforced plastic is to be manufactured from E-glass type fibers and
thermosetting resin and is to incorporate a corrosion resistant liner. The glass fibers
are to be compatible with the resins used. The liner is to comprise an inner face
being a smooth hard suitably reinforced resin rich layer. The exterior surface of the
valve box is to be resin rich.
The inside surface of each valve box is to be hard, durable, free of tackiness
and free of bulges, dents, ridges or other defects that result in a variation of inside
dimensions of more than three (3) millimeters from that obtained in adjacent
unaffected portions of the surface.
No glass fiber reinforcement is to penetrate the interior surface of the valve box
wall, and any glass fiber reinforcement on the exterior surface must be thoroughly
impregnated with resin.
The glass content will be determined by ignition loss analysis in accordance
with Method D 2584 or ISO Recommendation R 11172.
8.02.2.5.14 Plastic Valve Boxes. Plastic valve boxes are to be high impact
resistant, acid resistant, high resistance to heat, self extinguishing, hard, durable,
low coefficient of expansion PVC compound.
Valve boxes are to be designed to suit the site conditions and loadings.
8.02.2.5.15 Valve Accessories.
1. Handwheels.
Handwheels shall be to BS 5163, cast iron to BS 1452 Grade 10. Handwheels
shall be marked "CLOSE" with an arrow to indicate clockwise direction of closure.
Diameters and other construction details shall be to the manufacturer's standards.
One (1) handwheel shall be supplied for each hand operated valve in pumping
stations.
38
2. Valve Caps and Operation Keys.

Valve caps shall be to BS 5163, cast iron or malleable iron to BS 1452 grade
12 or BS 310 respectively. Set screws of valve caps shall be mild steel M12.
Operation keys shall be of the combination prising bar and lifting key type, one
and one-half (1.5) meter vertical bar, one-half (0.5) meter horizontal bar. Keys shall
be supplied at rate of one (1) for every five (5) valves with a minimum of three (3)
and a maximum of ten (10).
3. Extension Spindles for Gate Valves.
Extension spindles shall be to BS 2470 - M12, hot dip galvanized to BS 1387,
size 18 x 18 millimeters for valves up to two hundred (200) millimeter diameter and
24 x 24 millimeters for valves two hundred (250) millimeters to four hundred (400)
millimeters diameter. Length, for each valve size shall suit excavation requirements.
Spindles shall have cast iron or malleable iron caps and couplings to BS 1452
grade 12 and BS 310 respectively, on both ends of extension spindles (cap for
operating spindle and coupling for connecting to valve). Set screws of caps and
couplings shall be mild steel M12.
4. Protection Tubes.
Protection tubes shall be either uPVC or cast iron. Shape, sizes and other
construction details shall be to manufacturer's standards and/or as shown on the
Drawings. Tubes shall have caps encircling extension spindles.
5. Surface Boxes.
Surface boxes shall be to BS 1426. Frames and lids shall be cast iron to BS
1452 Grade 10. Studs, bolts, nuts and hinge pins shall be mild steel M12. Chains
shall be mild steel or wrought iron. Lids shall be of the medium grade type B.
Lifting keys shall be malleable iron, supplied at the rate of one (1) per five (5)
covers.
8.02.2.5.16 Workmanship.
Prior to installation, valves shall be inspected for cleanliness of bore, seating
surfaces, etc., and for handling damage, cracks, missing parts and tightness of
pressure containing bolting.
Valves, gates and hydrants shall be in closed position before installation.
Valves and hydrants shall be operated through one (1) complete opening and
closing cycle in the position in which they are to be installed to ensure proper
functioning.
8.02.2.5.17 Installation.
39
1. Valves. Valves shall be set and jointed to pipe in the manner specified for
laying and jointing pipe and/or to manufacturer's instructions.
Each valve shall be provided with concrete pad as shown on the Drawings so
that the pipe does not support the weight of the valve.
Valves shall not be used to bring misaligned pipe into alignment during
installation.
All pressure-containing bolting (bonnet, seal plate and end connections) shall
be inspected for adequate tightness after installation but prior to field testing.
2. Penstocks. For each penstock, the wall thimble, operating mechanism,
stem and stem guides shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer's drawings
and recommendations. Tolerances between seating faces shall be maintained and
any warping avoided.
Tapped holes in thimbles shall be protected during concreting and setting.
Surfaces of thimbles and gates shall be protected from concrete spillage, paint,
oil and debris. Thimbles shall be supported to prevent shifting during pouring and
braced horizontally and vertically to prevent distortion.
Nuts shall be tightened in sequence after setting.
The entire assembly shall be cleaned, adjusted and lubricated after
installation.
Penstocks shall be operated through one (1) complete cycle on installation
to ensure proper functioning.
8.02.2.5.18 Field Protection.
Valves shall be protected against the action of external agents by a coat of
approved bituminous compound, applied cold by brush after pressure tests on
pipelines have been completed.
Penstocks shall be protected against action of external agents with one coat of
approved bituminous compound applied cold by brush after installation.
Buried bolts shall be protected against corrosion, with approved paint or by
polyethylene wrapping.
40
8.02.2.6 Irrigators.
8.02.2.6.1 Irrigation Program Controllers.
The irrigation program controller shall be of the computer type capable of fully
automatic or manual operation of the system. It shall be housed, as required, in
either a pedestal mounted or a wall mounted corrosion proof and weatherproof
lockable cabinet. The cabinet shall have a reset circuit breaker to protect it from
power overload.
The controller shall be capable of operating the number of stations indicated in
the Bill of Quantities. Each station shall be capable of controlling three (3) No. 24
volt AC remote control or remote control pressure reducing valves and shall have a
time setting control capable of being set for one-tenth (0.1) hour increments from
zero (0) to nine and nine-tenths (9.9) hours unless otherwise specifically indicated
or set to omit the station from the irrigation cycle.
The controller shall have a selector for not less than an eight (8) day program
for each station with up to twenty-three (23) start times per day on each program.
The controller shall have a switch for fully automatic or manual operation or to
allow valve power output to be interrupted without affecting the controller timers.
The controller shall have a remote pump start circuit to activate a remote pump
start relay to run the pump during the irrigation cycle. The controller shall allow for
opening the first remote control valve before operating the pump and also for
closing the last remote control valve within fifteen (15) seconds after stopping the
pump. The controller shall be suitable for receiving controlled signals from a remote
computer-assisted control center (through an interface to be installed at a later date
by others) to supervise the operation of the remote control valves.
8.02.2.6.2 Spray Heads (for spray and stream spray).
Each spray head shall be of the fixed, non-rotating spray or stream spray type
and adaptable for full circle or part circle wetting patterns. It shall be made of
rugged brass or durable heat resistant plastic as determined in the Bill of Quantities
and suitable for rough handling.
The spray nozzles shall be so manufactured as to provide a precise and
uniform spray pattern at the specified pressure and precipitation rate.
Spray head discharge rate, spray radius and operating nozzle pressure are
indicated on the Drawings.
- Shrub spray heads, shall be installed at a fixed height above the finished
ground level as indicated on the Drawings.
- Grass spray heads shall be of the pop-up type that retract flush with the
finished ground level when out of operation. During operating, the net pop-up
height shall be fifteen (15) centimeters. The pop-up extension shall be totally
enclosed - when out of operation - in a sealed plastic tube, and shall be so
41
designed as to prevent intrusion of debris, and its possible clogging or

jamming.
The Contractor shall provide the test results carried out at the factory
substantiating the required performance (discharge and radius of throw at the
prescribed operating pressure and height above ground) and giving the actual
precipitation rate and its uniformity as obtained from the uniformity test carried out
using catch cans. The uniformity test shall be carried out on single spray heads
selected at the rate of one (1) out of every batch of one thousand (1000) spray
heads.
The tested spray heads shall be so labelled and shall accompany the test
results.
Every shipment of spray heads shall be accompanied by a statement from the
manufacturer certifying that the spray heads are manufactured in accordance with
and meet the requirements of the Specification and are similar to the tested spray
heads.
The Contractor shall include in his rates for carrying out single uniformity tests
on a maximum of two (2) spray heads per shipment selected by the Engineer for
every type of spray head at an independent testing organization approved by the
Engineer. If the results of these tests prove to be in discordance with the results
supplied by the manufacturer, as the Engineer may judge, testing shall be carried
out on another four (4) spray heads at the Contractor's expense. Failure of any of
these spray heads to meet the manufacturer's results will be cause for rejection of
the whole shipment.
8.02.2.6.3 Bubblers. Bubblers shall be of either the adjustable flow type or
the pressure compensating type, both constructed of hard durable heat resistant
plastic. The discharge rate and operating pressure shall be as indicated on the
Drawings. The bubblers shall have an inlet screen.
The adjustable flow bubbler shall be provided with a tamper proof adjusting
brass screw that allows throttling the flow down to complete shut-off.
The pressure compensating bubbler shall consist of an integral rubber device
that automatically modulates pressure and discharges the specified flow at varying
operating pressure conditions, within the range of one (1) to five (5) kilograms per
square centimeter.
8.02.2.6.4 Hose Bibs. Hose bibs shall be twenty-five (25) millimeters (one (1)
inch) brass bib taps to BS 1010 with stepped tapered hose connections, as shown
on the Drawings.
8.02.2.6.5 Drip Emitters and Tubing.
8.02.2.6.6 Polyethylene Tubing and Fittings.
Polyethylene manifold pipe and fittings shall be in accordance with BS 1972,
low density Type 32 and shall be Class C (nine kilograms per square centimeter (9
42
kg/cm2). Pipe shall have welded or compression fittings to BS 864 Part 3, such that
thrust blocks are not required.
Polyethylene tubing for use as drip lateral shall be extruded from virgin low
density polyethylene resin, free of splits and kinds and resistant to stress cracking
and rolling. The working pressure shall be three kilograms per square centimeter (3
kg/cm2).
Drip lateral fittings shall be sturdy and durable construction with minimum flow
resistance. Couplings shall be of the compression type. Connection of lateral to
manifold shall be achieved using compression fittings or insert barbs with external
retaining champs or collars. The fitting shall attache to the manifold by solvent
cement for uPVC and by threaded connection or rubber grommet for polyethylene.
Ends of laterals shall be folded over and held in place by a slide collar.
8.02.2.6.7 Emitters. The emitter shall be of the multi outlet pressure
compensating type. It shall be of the continuous flushing type. The number of
outlets is as indicated on the drawings. Each outlet shall be individually chambered
for uniform flow. The pressure compensating feature shall be separate for each
outlet and shall allow the emitter to operate over the pressure range specified on
the drawings with a pressure - discharge response allowing a constant discharge
over the operating pressure range.
The emitter body shall be constructed of durable heat resistant plastic suitable
for direct burial or exposed application. Outlets shall have an internal barb
appropriate for the diameter of the distribution tubing.
Flow regulating diaphragm shall be of high consistency silicone resistant to
dilute Hydrochloric and Sulfuric acids. Flow orifices shall be able to pass one
hundred fifty (150) mesh particles and bioslime produced by soil-borne organisms.
8.02.2.7 Construction Requirements.
8.02.2.7.1 Earthworks.
1. Excavation. Excavation shall not be commenced on any section of work
until a full supply of pipes and fittings is available on site for that section.
Trench width up to three hundred (300) millimeters above crown of pipe shall
not exceed the following:
- for pipes not exceeding sixty-five (65) millimeters diameter:
(300) millimeters.
three hundred
- for pipes over sixty-five (65) millimeters and not exceeding five hundred (500)
millimeters diameter:
nominal diameter plus four hundred fifty (450)
millimeters.
- for pipes over five hundred (500) millimeters diameter: nominal diameter plus
six hundred (600) millimeters.
43
Where required by the Engineer, and due to excavation being taken wider than
specified, the Contractor shall provide at no additional cost an increased pipe
strength or additional pipe protection.
Where excavations have been taken deeper than required, the Contractor shall
bear the cost of this excessive excavation and its backfill with the required
Subsection 5.03.9, "Concrete for Minor Structures" in these General Specifications
unless otherwise instructed.
Excavation with battered sides shall not be permitted in public highways,
private gardens or within thirty (30) meters of any building or other structure.
Embankments and other areas of fill shall be filled and compacted as specified
to a height of at least six hundred (600) millimeters above top of pipe before trench
is excavated.
Excavation in existing pavements shall be executed carefully and to minimum
widths. Methods which will give a straight and vertical face shall be used.
Pavement shall be maintained at original level.
In common trenches and where one (1) pipe is at a lower level than an
adjacent pipe in a common trench, the following shall apply:
- a sub-trench is permissible provided soil is stable.
- if a sub-trench is not permissible, the whole trench shall have a depth
related to the lower pipe, with increased thickness of bedding to upper pipe
as necessary.
- lower pipe shall be backfilled with thoroughly compacted granular material
up to a level not less than half way up the higher pipe.
2. Formation of Beds.
Excavation shall be carried out immediately before laying beds or pipes.
Unstable material, rock projections, boulders and hard spots shall be removed
and replaced with approved filling material, well consolidated.
Local soft spot shall be hardened by tamping in bedding material.
In rock, excavation shall be carried out to two hundred (200) millimeters below
bed level and replaced with granular material or Subsection 5.03.9, "Concrete for
Minor Structures" in these General Specifications as directed.
Excavated subsoil required for backfilling shall be stock-piled in temporary
spoil heaps along sides of excavations or elsewhere on the Site as instructed.
3. Bedding Materials.
44
Bedding shall be placed as indicated on the Drawings. Materials for bedding

shall consist of the following, the appropriate type to use being indicated on the
Drawings:
- Graded aggregates - granular material
for pipes not exceeding one hundred (100) millimeters diameter: graded
fourteen (14) millimeters to five (5) millimeters with not more than twenty
percent (20%) passing five (5) millimeter sieve.
for pipes over one hundred (100) millimeters and not exceeding one
thousand two hundred (1200) millimeters diameter: graded twenty (20)
millimeters to five (5) millimeters with not more than twenty percent (20%)
passing five (5) millimeter sieve.
- Nominal single - sized aggregates - granular material
for pipes not exceeding one hundred (100) millimeters diameter: ten (10)
millimeter size.
for one hundred fifty (150) millimeter diameter pipe: ten (10) or fourteen (14)
millimeter size.
for two hundred (200) millimeter diameter pipe and over: ten (10), fourteen
(14) or twenty (20) millimeter size.
- Sand.
Sound, clean, uncontaminated granular material, uniformly graded from
three (3) millimeter maximum size, free from organic and deleterious matter,
not containing more than ten percent (10%) by weight of clay or silt
individually or in combination.
- Concrete Bedding, Surrounds, Arches and Haunches
In-situ concrete Subsection 5.03.9 "Concrete for Minor Structures" in these
General Specifications.
4. Workmanship.
Granular bedding shall be placed in bottom of prepared trench and carefully
hand tamped to minimum thicknesses. After pipe has been laid, additional material
or haunching shall be placed in successive layers not exceeding one hundred fifty
(150) millimeters thick on both sides simultaneously. Spaces between pipe and side
of trench shall be completely filled and carefully hand tamped without disturbing
pipe.
Concrete as required shall be placed after pipe is placed, and shall be worked
under pipe and joint on both sides to provide a solid and uniform bedding.
Vertical construction joints shall be formed in concrete beds, surrounds, etc., at
face of pipe joints with compressible board and shall be finished to profile of
45
concrete and pipe. Any gap between spigot and socket shall be filled with approved
resilient material.
5. Backfilling.
Materials shall be as specified on the Drawings.
Initial backfill shall be brought to the level indicted on the Drawings by laying
and hand compacting in one hundred fifty (150) millimeter layers.
Final backfill, unless otherwise specified, shall be material excavated from the
trench, laid and well compacted in layers not exceeding three hundred (300)
millimeters thick. Use of heavy compactors shall not be allowed until there is six
hundred (600) millimeters cover over pipes.
When backfilling to pipes with concrete beds and surrounds, the following shall
be observed:
- Backfilling shall not be started within twenty-four (24) hours of placing
concrete.
- Heavy compactors and traffic loads shall be prevented within seventy-two (72)
hours of placing concrete.
Temporary bridges shall be provided over trenches to prevent construction
traffic damaging pipes after backfilling.
Where pipelines are laid in planted areas the upper forty-five hundredths
(0.45) meters backfilling shall be of Agricultural soil.
6. Reinstatement.
Reinstatement of asphalt, concrete and gravel pavements and the like shall be
with materials and to thicknesses to match the existing pavement. Materials and
workmanship shall be in accordance with local authority requirements and as
directed by the Engineer.
Existing pavement shall be made good and new pavement shall be the same
level and profile as the existing to provide a uniform surface.
In unsurfaced areas, surface of trench and any adjoining disturbed areas shall
be graded after backfilling to provide a level, smooth surface.
Reinstatement of surfaces shall be started as soon after completion of other
work as is practicable, but in no case more than ten (10) days after backfilling of
trenches and other excavated areas and shall be completed within a further twenty
(20) days. For road crossings reinstatement shall be initiated within twenty-four (24)
hours of backfilling.
Any settlement shall be made good by the Contractor to the Engineer's
satisfaction.
46
8.02.2.7.2 Pipe Laying and Jointing.

1. General.
Pipes shall not be lowered into trench until the pipe bed has been brought to
correct grade and approved.
Pipes two hundred fifty (250) millimeters in diameter and smaller may be
lowered into the trench by sliding, using two (2) ropes. Lowering shall be done
using ropes, wire slings, band slings, spreader beams, etc., as recommended by the
manufacturer for each type of pipe.
Before laying, pipes shall be carefully examined for damage, and tested for
soundness in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Damaged lining or
coating shall be made good or the material disposed of as directed.
Dirt and foreign mater shall be removed before lowering and construction
debris shall be cleared from the inside of each pipe before jointing.
Pipes shall be laid on even formation true to grade and line with sockets
(where applicable) facing up the gradient.
Bedding shall be scooped out locally to allow proper jointing and for the barrel
of each pipe to bear evenly on solid ground over its full length.
After field testing, further granular material shall be laid and compacted in one
hundred (100) millimeter layers to levels shown on the Drawings.
Where pipe is to be laid on a concrete bed or surround, rectangular blocks of
Concrete for Minor Structures made in approved molds at least fourteen (14) days
before use, shall be provided at the rate of two (2) blocks for each pipe. The blocks
shall then be set and boned to the correct level on the formation bottom and the
pipe shall then be properly centered and socketed. Two (2) approved hardwood
folding wedges of width equal to width of concrete block shall be inserted between
the body of pipe and block and driven together until pipe is brought to the exact
level required. Blocks and wedges shall be left undisturbed while pipes are being
jointed and concrete bed or surround is being placed. The blocks and wedges shall
be of sufficient size and strength to prevent settlement of pipes. Sufficient space
shall be left to enable joints to be made, tested and inspected.
When pipe laying is not in progress, open ends of pipes shall be closed with
properly fitted temporary wooden plugs or standard caps as directed.
2. Jointing.
Manufacturer's instructions shall be followed regarding cleanliness of joint
surfaces, lubricant or solvent used, correct location of components, provision of
correct gaps between end of spigot and back of socket for flexible joints, etc.
47
Flexible joints shall not be deflected beyond maximum permissible angles

given by manufacturer and/or relevant standard, whichever is less.
Special instructions issued by a manufacturer of proprietary joints - e.g. patent
detachable flexible joints - shall be strictly complied with when laying and jointing.
Different pipe and fitting materials shall be jointed with appropriate adaptors as
recommended by the pipe manufacturer.
Unless otherwise detailed on the Drawings, joints on spigot and socket pipes
other than plastic pipes shall be flexible and sealed with a rubber ring or flexible
gasket which shall be approved by the Engineer's Representative and shall
withstand the various tests specified herein for pipelines. For pipes up to and
including sixty-seven and one-half (67.5) millimeters nominal bore, the joints shall
be capable of withstanding a deflection of not less than one and one-half degrees
(1.5o) in any direction and for pipes over sixty-seven and six-tenths (67.6)
millimeters nominal bore, one half degree ( o) in any direction. All pipes shall be
capable of withstanding a "draw" of thirteen (13) millimeters over and above the
initial jointing allowance. The initial jointing allowance is the gap between the spigot
and the shoulder of the socket measured parallel to the center line of the pipeline
and shall not be less than six (6) millimeters or greater than thirteen (13)
millimeters.
3. Line and Gradient.
In open excavation, sight rails and boning rods properly painted shall be
provided and maintained to ensure correct alignment of pipe runs. Sight rails shall
be positioned either vertically above the lines of pipes or immediately adjacent
thereto. At no time during pipe laying shall there be less than three (3) sight rails in
position on each length of pipeline to one (1) gradient.
A uniform gradient shall be achieved between consecutive air valves and/or
washouts.
4. Thrust Blocks.
At every fitting causing a change in the direction of flow, the Contractor shall
construct a thrust block of Subsection 5.03.9 "Concrete for Minor Structures" in
these General Specifications to the dimensions shown on the Drawings.
Thrust blocks shall be provided for fittings of one hundred (100) millimeters in
diameter and over unless the manufacturer recommends thrust blocks for smaller
diameters giving the corresponding details and dimensions.
The additional excavation required to obtain a firm thrust face against
undisturbed soil shall be made after the pipeline has been jointed. The concrete for
the thrust block shall be placed the same day as the excavation is carried out.
No pressure is to be applied to thrust blocks until the concrete has matured for
at least three (3) days.
48
5. Floatation.
Where flotation of pipes may occur due to floodwater or otherwise, water shall
be excluded from the interior of the pipe and sufficient backfill shall be placed above
the pipe to prevent its flotation. Open trenches shall be kept clear of water.
Any pipe that has floated shall be removed and its bedding shall be corrected
prior to relaying.
6. Pipes Built into Structures.
The outside surfaces of pipes to be built-in shall be cleaned immediately
before installation. Protective coatings to metal pipes shall be removed as ordered.
Plastic pipes shall be painted with appropriate solvent cement and sprinkled with
dry coarse sand while wet.
Two (2) flexible joints or flexible patented joints shall be provided adjacent to
structures. The first joint shall be placed not more than one (1) pipe diameter from
the face of structure and the second not more than the following distances away
from the first:
- Two (2) pipe diameters or six hundred (600) millimeters minimum for pipe
diameters not exceeding four hundred fifty (450) millimeters.
- One and two-tenths (1.2) meters for pipe diameters over four hundred fifty
(450) and not exceeding one thousand (1000) millimeters.
8.02.3 MECHANICAL PLANT
8.02.3.1 Scope. The Mechanical Plant covers all mechanical equipment relevant
to the pumping station and water tanks, including pumping units, flow meters,
extract fans, control equipment, etc., that are not covered elsewhere in these
General Specifications.
The pumping station is intended for the operation of the irrigation system and
shall be able to supply the design flow at the required discharge head.
The specified duty of the pumping units is based on providing the reduced
pressure levels specified for the downstream end of the pressure reducing valves
with a safety margin of ten percent (10%) of the required pressure. The supplied
pumping units shall be able to actually provide these reduced pressure and safety
margins. It is the Contractor's responsibility to check the specified duty of the
pumping units against the actual hydraulic characteristics of the supplied valves,
pipes and fittings taking into consideration the final elevations of all components
and to modify this duty, if need be, prior to ordering the pumping units and after
approval of the Engineer.
The Contractor shall coordinate the operation of all equipment and controls to
ensure the adequate running of the system.
49
8.02.3.2 Labels, Tags and Charts. Equipment, instruments, controls, electrical

devices, valves, etc., shall be labelled in both the Arabic and English languages as
to duty, service or function. Labels shall be of ivorine with black surface, white
incised lettering, and attached to equipment or to adjacent permanent surfaces in an
approved manner.
Aluminum tags (fifty (50) millimeters diameter, one and one-half (1.5) millimeters
thick) with stamped filled with black print and provided with heavy aluminum or
brass hooks and chains shall be provided in lieu of labels wherever the latter cannot
easily identify the equipment.
Charts indicating the schedules for equipment lubrication, maintenance and
essential operating instructions shall be prepared, mounted on protected wooden
plaques or six (6) millimeter Masonite boards, covered with heat bonded clear
plastic laminate or framed under glass. These charts shall be permanently fixed
with four (4) brass screws at approved locations to the approval of the Engineer.
Prior to preparing labels and tags, a schedule shall be submitted for approval,
showing the equipment to be labelled or tagged with suggested nomenclature.
Similarly a draft of the charts shall be submitted for approval.
8.02.3.3 Workmanship Generally. Work shall be executed in accordance with
the conditions of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IME) of Britain and with
equipment fully accessible for operation, maintenance and repair.
Manufacturer's recommendations on handling, loading, unloading, installing,
testing and other works shall be strictly followed.
The Contractor shall submit for approval a statement giving details of the
proposed method of installation prior to commencing installation.
Machinery shall be mounted on steel packings ground flat on both sides. Packing
thickness shall be so selected as to take up variations in concrete foundation level.
Packing shall be bedded by chipping or grinding concrete surfaces. One (1) steel
packing shall be used at each location adjacent to each holding down bolt.
Machinery shall be aligned, levelled and secured by holding down bolts.
8.02.3.4 Equipment and Materials Generally. Should any equipment prove
unsatisfactory or not in compliance with the Specification and the Drawings, such
equipment shall be corrected, repaired or replaced at no extra expense to the
Employer. Subsequent tests shall be carried out until equipment is proved to fulfil
specified requirements to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
Each piece of equipment shall have a certified nameplate at a conspicuous
location, permanently attached at the factory, printed or stamped clearly with the
name and address of the manufacturer, equipment model number, serial number,
date of manufacture, electrical characteristics, performance rating or duty, pressure,
temperature, or other limitations and other pertinent data.
50
Bearings shall be rated and sized to ensure satisfactory and stable running
without vibration under all conditions of operation for a minimum life of one hundred
thousand (100,000) hours running. They shall be lubricated and protected from
ingress or moisture and sand and from the climatic conditions prevalent at the site.
Bearings shall be to ISO standard SI unit dimensions where practicable.
Lubrication of bearings, etc. shall be by either splash or forced systems. Oil
cooling facilities shall be provided as necessary. The machinery supplier shall
ensure the lubricant used for initial filling and specified in the maintenance manual
is adequate for prolonged operation in the specified ambient temperatures without
overheating.
The plant shall be designed to minimize routine lubrication. Lubrication intervals
of not less than seven (7) days are considered acceptable. Type of lubricant and
intervals of lubrication for each individual item of plant shall be entered on a working
schedule, forming part of the Operation and Maintenance Literature. A list of
recommended lubricants and their equivalents shall be entered in the Operation and
Maintenance Literature.
Flexible couplings shall be rated to cover full range of duty, and shall be of the
flexible multi pin and bush type having not less than six (6) bushes and each having
an inner sleeve to allow rotation on the pin (bushes shall not be in direct contact
with pin). Pins shall have shoulders for positive location and securing to bosses.
Bosses shall fit tight on the shafts and shall be secured with hand fitted keys.
Couplings shall be supplied in matching balanced sets and shall be machined,
balanced and marked before leaving the manufacturer's works.
Unless otherwise specified, flanges and connections provided on equipment and
associated piping shall be to BS 4504: Table 10.
Fixing bolts used for fixing steel to concrete shall be ordered and supplied with
the equipment and are to be self-drilling anchor bolts. Bolts, nuts and washers
which will be totally or periodically submerged shall be stainless steel unless
otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings.
Electrical work shall comply with the appropriate requirements of the
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS Section of this General Specification.
Pipework, fittings, valves and other products not specifically mentioned shall
comply with the appropriate requirements of the PIPING AND APPURTENANCES
Section of this General Specification.
8.02.3.5 Spares. The Contractor shall provide spares suitable for a period of two
(2) years operation in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Contractor shall hand-over these spares to the Ministry of Communications stores or
as directed upon the final handing-over of the works.
Lists of the spares for each pumping station shall accompany the Tender.
8.02.3.6 Pumping Units.
51
8.02.3.6.1 General.
1. Materials.
Materials for pumps shall be suitable for pump operating conditions and
adequate for total heads to which pumps are subjected. Corrosion resistant
materials shall be used. Assembly arrangements shall include isolation of dissimilar
metals to avoid galvanic interaction.
Pumps shall have factory plugged connections for casing vents, drains and
suction and discharge pressure gauges. Pumps shall have shaft packing or
mechanical seals compatible with pump design and nature of liquid pumped in
accordance with manufacturer's recommendations or as specified.
Impellers and rotating assemblies shall be statically and dynamically balanced
at the factory.
Packing rings shall be installed in alternate layers to staggered ninety degrees
(90o). Packing shall be tightened to seal while permitting the prescribed amount of
leakage for lubrication.
Operating characteristics, pump point of specified flow and head shall fall near
the point of maximum efficiency as obtained from manufacturer's published data.
The pump shall be able to supply in head not exceeding fifty percent (50%) of the
range between specified and shut-off heads.
Horse power rating of pump drive motor shall ensure non-overloading of motor
throughout capacity range of pump for impeller diameter selected.
Electric motors shall be suitable for the available electric voltage and
frequency. Motor speeds shall not exceed one thousand seven hundred fifty (1750)
RPM for the sixty (60) Hz.
Pumps shall be provided from the factory complete with electric motors
mounted on a common cast iron or steel base and properly aligned.
2. Installation.
Pumps and motor base shall be supported where applicable on an isolated
reinforced concrete foundation as detailed on the Drawings and shall be aligned
and level throughout their length and width.
Piping shall be supported independently of pump connections.
Drains for packing glands and machine bases shall be piped to the nearest
floor drain or sump.
Before operation the Contractor shall ensure that the pump is properly
lubricated, rotating element rotates freely by hand, casing is vented and full of
52
water, direction of rotation is correct, strainer is clean and suction and discharge
valves are open.
3. Shop Drawings.
Shop drawings shall be submitted for each pump for approval prior to shipment
from the factory as follows:
- Certified performance curves showing job number, customer and customer
order number, pump designation number shown on the Drawings, date of
manufacture, model number, pump size, impeller diameter pump can
accommodate, speed, flow-head characteristic curve, consumed horsepower
curve, pump efficiency curve and NPSH curve.
- Pump cross-sectional drawings showing major components with parts
numbers and parts list.
- Pump outline dimensional drawing showing overall dimensions, location of
foundation bolt holes and sizes, location and rating of suction and discharge
nozzles.
- Recommended list of spare parts.
- Installation, operation and maintenance instruction manual.
- Details and wiring diagrams of factory supplied pump controllers, starters,
controls or other electrical devices or accessories.
- Special instructions for field installation and connection of each factory or
field supplied electrical device, control or accessory.
4. Shop Tests.
Certified results of shop tests made by the manufacturer for each pump shall
be submitted, prior to shipment from the factory, as follows:
- Performance test throughout capacity range of pump with specified design
operating point clearly indicated on the pump flow-head characteristic curve.
- Hydrostatic pressure test to one and one-half (1) times the shut-off
pressure of the pump.
The pump test report shall include the following information:
- Pump data: pump designation number shown on the Drawings, model
number, serial number, customer order number, flow, suction and discharge
pressures, shut-off pressure, speed, and brake horsepower.
- Motor data: make, type, model number, serial number, horsepower rating,
speed, voltage, phase, frequency, class of insulation, allowable temperature
53
rise, full load amperes, locked rotor amperes and actual voltage and
amperes at all test points.
- Starter data: make, model number, size, heater size, ampere rating, line
voltage, control voltage and frequency.
8.02.3.6.2 Split Case Horizontal Pumping Unit.
1. Pump.
Pump shall be base mounted, double suction, single stage, centrifugal type,
directly connected to motor through a heavy duty flexible coupling, with heavy
gauge coupling guard.
Pump casing shall be high tensile strength alloy case iron, designated for a
working pressure of sixteen kilograms per square centimeter (16 kg/cm 2), fitted with
easily removable bronze wear rings dowelled to casing. Casing shall be divided at
the horizontal centerline and the two (2) halves accurately machined, dowel aligned
and bolted together.
Impeller shall be bronze, enclosed double suction type, fastened to shaft by
stainless steel key and screw locked adjustable shaft sleeves.
Suction and discharge nozzles shall be of in-line piping design, cast integrally
with lower half of pump casing to allow rotating element to be removed without
disconnecting suction and discharge flanges.
Shaft shall be high strength steel, sized to carry axial and radial thrust with
minimum deflection and protected against corrosion by full length bronze shaft
sleeves. Teflon gaskets shall be provided between impeller hub and shaft sleeves.
Pump rotating element shall be supported by two (2) heavy duty grease
lubricated ball bearings for both radial and thrust loads, mounted in machined
moisture and dustproof cast iron housings, bolted to pump casing with register fits to
ensure permanent alignment. Bearing housing supports shall be cast integrally with
lower half of pump casing. Bearings shall be provided with grease seals and water
slingers to protect bearings from contamination, and with easily accessible grease
fittings for positive bearing lubrication.
Mechanical seal shall be non-resist face, carbon washer and stainless steel
parts.
Pump and motor shall be mounted on a common base reinforced against
deflection, with drip rim, drain tapping, bolt holes and grouting hole.
Impeller and pump outer casing shall be factory treated by shot blasting and
priming with epoxy. Casing shall then be given one (1) undercoat and one (1) top
coat of chlorinated rubber of approved color to three (3) mils thickness each coat.
2. Motor.
54
Motor shall be supplied by the manufacturer of the pumping equipment and

shall be specified for pump concerned and specifically rated for the available supply
voltage and frequency and for operational ambient temperature of fifty degrees
Celsius (50oC.).
Motor shall be to IEC 34 and shall have class F insulation.
tropicalized and derated for satisfactory operation.
It shall be
Motor protection shall be not less than IP 54, to IEC 144.

Motor shall be sized to drive the pump without being overloaded throughout the
capacity range of the pump. Maximum continuous rating shall be not less than ten
percent (10%) above the calculated maximum power requirement. Efficiency and
power factor shall be high over a wide range of load conditions.
Motor shall be capable of delivering full rated power within voltage and
frequency fluctuations of plus or minus five percent ( 5%) of their value and for
simultaneous fluctuation of both within the specified range.
Starting and torque characteristics of the motor shall be as required by the
driven pump.
Motor shall be silent in operation, free from vibration. Rotors shall be perfectly
balanced both statically and dynamically. They shall run on ball or roller bearings
with the weight of the rotating unit carried out ball thrust bearings incorporated in
the body. Noise level of pump-motor set in dBA at one (1) meter from the enclosure
shall be submitted prior to approval.
Terminal boxes shall be provided with suitable dimensions to accept incoming
cables with glands for PVC armored cable.
Final motor data shall be obtained from the equipment supplier and shall be
approved before any motor control center is ordered.
Motor nameplates shall be checked for full load current rating and allowable
temperature rise to select the proper overload heater element to be installed in each
starter.
8.02.3.6.3 Submersible Pumping Unit.
1. Pump.
The pump shall be of the submersible, centrifugal type that shall form with its
electric motor, one (1) single compact unit on a combined base and suction strainer.
A threaded discharge elbow shall form an integrally cast part of the pump casing.
The pump shall be provided with clamp for discharge pipe and with a watertight
cable entry.
The pump shall be supplied from the factory complete with the necessary low
level cut-out switch, the electric control panel, all necessary lengths of durable
55
multi-conductor electric cables between the pump, level switch and control panel,
special holder for level switch and lifting chain.
The pump shall have cast iron casing, impeller, and motor starter housing. The
shaft and all bolts and nuts shall be stainless steel, the impeller shall be of bronze.
The pump shall have two (2) double face mechanical seals. An oil casing shall be
provided within the pump to lubricate and cool the seal rings. The pump shall be
fitted with bronze case wear rings and a bronze terminal cover.
The whole unit shall be externally finished in black, non-hardening, corrosionresistant, rubber-bitumen paint or in the manufacturer's standard finish, if approved
by the Engineer.
2. Motor.
The motor shall be as specified for the split case horizontal pumping unit
except that it shall be of the submersible type with a degree of protection not less
than IP 68 to IEC 144.
56
8.02.3.6.4 End Suction Centrifugal Pump.

1. Pump.
The end suction centrifugal pump shall be horizontal, base mounted, end
suction, single stage, centrifugal type, directly connected to the motor through a
heavy duty flexible coupling, with heavy gauge coupling guard.
The pump and motor shall be mounted on a common cast iron base adequately
reinforced against deflection, with drip rim, drain tapping, bolt holes and grouting
hole.
The pump casing shall be high tensile strength close grain cast iron with
smooth waterways, register fitted and bolted to the bearing frame for permanent
alignment. It is to be fitted with bronze wear rings and with tapped and plugged
bottom drain and top vent connections.
The impeller shall be cast iron, bronze, stainless steel, enclosed type, fitted to
shaft with a key and locked in place.
The shaft shall be one (1) piece stainless steel, sized to carry axial and radial
thrust with minimum deflection.
The mechanical seal shall be Ni-resist face, carbon washer and stainless steel
metal parts.
The pump rotating element shall be supported by two (2) heavy duty grease
lubricated ball bearings mounted in a heavy iron frame with adequate supports to
the base for maximum rigidity.
2. Motor.
The electric motor shall be totally enclosed, drip-proof, squirrel cage, induction
type, with permanently lubricated and sealed ball bearings.
8.02.3.6.5 Motor Control Panel.
The motor control panel shall include, but not necessarily be limited to the
following:
1. Starters for the main and drainage pumps and for the exhaust fans.
2. Necessary control relays and timers
3. Indicating lamps for pump in operation and "TRIP" lamp for pump out of
order
4. Rotary switches and relays
57
5. Distribution equipment of the MCCB pattern including a main earth leakage

circuit breaker to give individual circuits for pumps, lighting and LV socket outlets,
ventilation fans, etc.
6. Triple pole hand operated isolating switch mechanically interlocked in front
door
7. Stop/start push buttons mounted on the front door
8. Accessories required for automatic operation of pumps as described
9. Interconnecting and interlock wiring.
The panel shall be complete with all wiring and fitting with fixed terminals
suitably identified for all incoming/outgoing cables.
The panel shall be a purpose made heavy gauge welded sheet steel
manufactured item with protection to IP 51 as a minimum category. The panel shall
be fully vermin proof, with non lift-off front door, concealed hinges, weatherproof and
tropicalized construction, baked-on enamel finish and wall mounted.
The pumping system shall be interlocked with the irrigation controller, pump
control valve and low level switches in the water tanks.
Pump shall be started and stopped by the irrigation program controllers. Level
switches shall override the irrigation program controller to stop pump at preset
minimum water level in the tank(s) through the motor control center.
The controls shall prevent the stand-by pump being started, even manually,
when the duty pump is operating.
Starting sequence of pumps shall be automatically alternated through the
action of the change-over relay in the motor control panel. In the event of a fault in
one (1) pump, the controls shall switch off the defective pump and start stand-by
pump and put on the TRIP lamp to indicate that pump is out of order. Means shall
be provided for permitting manual selection of duty and stand-by pumps.
All starters shall be fitted with circuit breakers rated for the necessary short
circuit protection. The protection shall be independent of the controller and
overload projection.
The control voltage for all starters and for all control circuits shall not be higher
than one hundred twenty (120) volts. Step-down control transformers shall have
two (2) windings and be of the isolating type. HRC fuses shall be used for control
circuitry protection. Auxiliary supply for controls other than from the main power
circuit, shall be effectively isolated by auxiliary contacts on a main isolator.
Contactors for star-delta starters shall comply with IEC 292 and shall be type
AC-3.
58
Overload relays for starters shall be to IEC 292-1, and inherently compensated
for variations in ambient temperature.
Unless otherwise required by the driven system, magnetic starters shall be as
follows:
- Three (3) phase motors above fifteen (15) horse power (up to and including
fifty (50) horse power) starter shall be star-delta, non-reversing magnetic type,
with a 3-pole overload relay, and one (1) adjustable low voltage relay.
- Three (3) phase motors above fifty (50) horse power, starter shall be reduced
voltage, auto-transformer type.
Unless otherwise required by the driven equipment all starters shall be
provided with the following control devices:
-
Start-stop push buttons

One red pilot light
One green pilot light
One blue "TRIP" light
One reset push button.
It shall not be possible to open the enclosure door without putting the isolator
in the open position.
8.02.3.7 Pressure Switches. Each pump other than the sump drainage pumps,
shall be provided with an independent pressure switch that overrides the regular
operation of the pump to shut off the pump when the system pressure has exceeded
the setting of the pressure relief - check valve or pump control valve by the accuracy
range of this valve, and before it reaches the shut-off head of the pump.
This switch shall be as specified by the pump manufacturer.
8.02.3.8 Water Level Controls. Level controls shall be of the fixed electrode
type.
The level controls shall override the regular operation of the pump and stop all
pumping when the minimum water level has been reached and shall also give
audible warning of high water level. The control panel mounted button to turn off the
audible warning shall also automatically reset the warning system to operate next
time the water level rises above full level.
Drainage pump shall be controlled by float switches.
8.2.3.9 Electromagnet Flowmeters. Plant-mounting enclosures for signal
converters shall be to IEC 144, standard IP 65 or better. Rack
mounting enclosures shall be to IEC 144, standard IP 20 or better.
8.2.3.10 Pressure Gauges. Pressure gauges shall be to BS 1780, constructed
in stainless steel, bronze or other corrosion resistant material. No plastic
materials shall be used in construction.
59
Fixed pressure gauges shall be fitted with isolating valve.

transmitters shall have over range protection.
Gauges and
Where compensation of more than two percent (2%) of the instrument span is
required for the difference in level between the instruments and the tapping point,
the reading shall be adjusted and the amount of compensation marked on the dial.
The sensitivity of the gauge shall be at least five-hundredths (0.05) bar. Every
pressure gauge whether forming part of the permanent works or supplied for used
by the Engineer's Representatives to test any item of the permanent works shall be
accompanied by a calibration and testing certificate from the manufacturer or from
an independent testing laboratory.
At each pressure gauge tapping point in pumping stations, a second tapping
point shall be provided to allow pressure measurement by an independent hand
held pressure gauge (for further re-calibration of the fixed gauge). One (1) hand
held pressure gauge shall be supplied unused in its original wrapping for each
pumping station.
8.02.3.11 Strainers. Size fifty (50) millimeter (two (2) inch) and smaller shall be
screwed Y-type, bronze body, one hundred fifty pounds per square inch (150 psi)
steam working pressure rating, with 20-mesh stainless steel screen and screwed
cap with one-half () inch tapped hole with blowdown valve installed.
Size sixty-five (65) millimeter (two and one-half (2) inch) and larger shall be
flanged, basket type, cast iron body, one hundred twenty-three pounds per square
inch (123 psi) steam working pressure rating, with 20-mesh stainless steel basket
screen, bolted cap and three-fourths (3/4) inch tapped hole at the bottom with
blowdown valve installed.
8.02.3.12 Electrical Indicators and Integrators. Electrical indicators and
integrators shall be for use with analogue signal transmission systems and comply
with BS 89 with accuracy class index one (1.0). Indicator movements shall be
critically dampened (dead-beat).
Indicators shall have circular scales or shall be of the vertical edgewise type and
shall be designed to avoid parallax error. Scale shall be clearly marked in SI units
and shall comply with BS 3693. All instruments mounted on one (1) panel on board
or in adjacent groupings, shall have similar styles of figures and letters. Dials shall
be white with black scales and lettering, not subject to fading.
The materials for scales shall be such that no peeling or discoloration will take
place with age under environmental conditions.
Major scale marks and numerals shall be of the same size and thickness and
shall be separated by more than twenty-five (25) minor marks. Pointers shall
interpret to the width of the minor scale marks.
Integrators shall be of the multi-digit cyclometer type. Each integrator shall have
an integral or separate current-to-pulse converter with sufficient adjustment of the
60
pulse rate to avoid the use of any multiplying factor except in integer power of ten
(10). Each integrator shall incorporate an adjustable limiter whereby any input
below a preset value is inoperative. Integrators shall have the number of digits
shown on the appropriate instrument data sheet. A decimal point shall be provided
to the right of the units digit.
8.02.3.13 Fertilizer Injector Equipment. Fertilizer injection equipment shall be
of the Venturi type bypassed on the main pipeline and consist of a fertilizer tank with
a minimum capacity of one hundred kilograms (100 kg.) of dry chemical fertilizer,
having a hinged pressure-tight cover. The connections from the tank to the pipeline
shall be sized so as to allow twenty-five kilograms (25 kg.) of fertilizer to be
dissolved and dispersed in forty-five (45) minutes with normal pump operation.
All parts in contact with the fertilizer shall be in corrosion resistant material.
8.02.3.14 Axial In-Line Exhaust Fans. Axial in-line exhaust fans shall be direct
driven single stage cylindrical fans with bell-shaped inlets capable of changing air at
the rate shown on the Drawings. Housings shall be spun from heavy gauge
aluminum or hot-dip galvanized steel and be provided with heavy aluminum
supporting brackets for wall mounting. The impellers shall be aerofoil made of diecast aluminum alloy. The shaft shall be of hot rolled steel, ground polished and
keyed to the wheel.
8.02.3.15 Roof Cowls. Roof cowls shall be of the spun dome type designed for
roof curb mounting. Relief vents shall be fully weatherproofed and of all aluminum
construction. All materials used in construction shall be solid non-ferrous.
The cowl cover shall be constructed of heavy gauge aluminum and shall
comprise a square spun hinged type dome. It shall be connected to the square curb
with a smooth spun venturi. The cowl cover shall be provided with wire mesh bird
screen.
The damper shall be the multi-blade type.
8.02.3.16 Flexible Connectors. Flexible connectors shall be expansion joints
of the stainless steel packless bellows type suitable for sixteen (16) bar water
pressure. Sizes shall be the same as the pipes on which they are to be installed,
with screwed ends for sizes fifty (50) millimeters (two (2) inch) or smaller, and
flanged ends for sizes sixty-five (65) millimeters (two and one-half (2) inch) and
larger.
8.02.3.17 Filters. Filters shall be installed where required and as indicated on
the Drawings.
The purpose of the filters shall be the removal of suspended solids from the
pumped water at a flow rate equal to the capacity of the pumping station.
The capacity of each filter unit as well as the mesh size of the screen are
indicated on the Drawings and in the Bill of Quantities.
61
The filter unit shall be of the screen type and composed of the filter housing, the
screen or filter cartridge, the flush valves, the isolation valves and the pressure
gauges. The filter housing shall be of the type suitable for horizontal installation
manufactured from stainless steel.
The inlet and outlet connections shall be of a size and type suitable for
connecting to the pump(s) discharge header on which the filter unit is to be
installed. Inlet and outlet shall be provided with gate valves for isolating the filter
unit from the system.
The screen or filter shall consist of a stainless steel screen for a perforation size
suitable for the proper performance of the used emitters and manufacturer's
recommendations. The support of the screen or filter shall consist of a stainless
steel cartridge that allows an easy field replacement of the screen or filter.
The flush port shall be controlled by a solenoid operated isolation valve linked to
the irrigation program controller and set to open for at least one (1) minute (or the
smallest time increment of the controller) at the beginning of every irrigation cycle,
to thoroughly flush the retained particles. Flushing of the filter unit shall also be
automatically operated when the pressure differential across the filter has reached
or exceeded three-tenths kilograms per square centimeter (0.3 kg/cm 2). This
pressure differential shall be sensed by a set of pressure gauges suitably located
and adequately linked to the solenoid operated valve of the flush port.
The discharge from the flush port shall be conveyed in a uPVC pipe, of adequate
size, to the sump of the pumping station.
8.02.4 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
8.02.4.1 Scope. This work shall consist of the complete electrical installation to
be supplied and installed for all components of the Works as detailed in the
following sections and shown on the Drawings.
Work shall include the supply, installation, testing, commissioning and putting into
satisfactory operation of the following:
- Pumping station electrical installation complete including electricity supply,
cables and level controls.
- Irrigation control equipment including all cables to pumping stations, irrigation
program controllers and remote control valves.
The work shall include the provision of shop drawings and the calculations
required by the specification, as well as the provision of all literature and samples in
connection with the approval of proposed equipment.
The equipment supplied shall include all necessary items for a complete
installation which will give satisfactory operation, notwithstanding errors and
omissions. The equipment listed in the document are therefore, indicative and not
limitative.
62
8.02.4.2 Technical Requirements.

8.02.4.2.1 General.
All work carried out on the installation shall be carried out in a neat,
workmanlike and efficient manner, so as to be accessible for operation,
maintenance and repair. The work shall be in accordance with the requirements of
this Specification, so that its true meaning and intent are fulfilled. This Specification
and the Drawings are complementary documents, intended for the selection of
equipment having general and specific characteristics as detailed in the documents.
8.02.4.2.2 Regulations and Standards.
All electrical work shall comply with the applicable government rules and
regulations in the requirements of the Electric Supply Authority and carried out in
accordance with the recommendations of the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) with reference to the following:
- Relevant standards and specifications issued by the appropriate authorities in
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- IEE Wiring regulations (UK) as published by the Institution of Electrical
Engineers, London.
- National Electrical Code (USA) as published by the National Fire Protection
Association.
- BSI as published by the British Standards Institution.
Acceptance tests shall conform with the above mentioned "Regulation" and
"Standard.
8.02.4.3 Pumping Station Installation. The supply for each pumping station
shall be taken from the nearest substation/feeder pillar.
The pumping system shall be interlocked with the irrigation controller, pump
control valve and low level switches in water tanks.
Wiring to motors and level switches shall be PVC/SWA/PVC multi-core cables
clipped to the concrete with copper clips. Cables shall terminate adjacent to the
equipment with galvanized adaptable boxes and final connections to equipment
enclosed in flexible conduit. All equipment shall be bonded to earth with a separate
earthing conductor. The flexible conduit shall not be used as the earthing
conductor.
The lighting shall consist of waterproof bulkhead fluorescent type luminaries
controlled by a waterproof switch positioned adjacent to the access ladder. Wiring
shall be PVC/SWA/PVC multi-core cable. Wiring shall terminate in adaptable boxes
with fixed porcelain connectors and directly to the luminaries, with heat resistant
cable connecting the luminaries. Ventilation fans shall be operated by a micro
switch fitted to the pump room access hatch, such that on opening, the fans
automatically switch on. In addition, a timer incorporated in the panel shall operate
63
the fans for fifteen (15) minutes in every two (2) hours. The timer shall be capable
of being adjusted to vary running and operating time.
8.02.4.4 Irrigation Control. The twenty-four (24) volt electrically operated
irrigation remote control valves shall be controlled by the irrigation program
controllers positioned as shown on the Drawings. A separate electricity supply shall
be taken from the nearest sub-station/feeder pillar to operate each controller.
The controllers shall be interlocked with the pumping system to ensure that the
pumps operate when any of the irrigation valves is open.
The irrigation control electric cables, connecting the irrigation program controllers
to the remote control valves shall be single core copper wires PVC insulated and
PVC sheathed. The sizes of cables shall be commensurate with the distances
between the controllers and valves, operating pressure and the manufacturer's
recommendations. The cables shall be U/L approved for ground feeders directly
buried and rated for six hundred (600) volts. They shall be clipped to the water
pipework where practicable. Multi-runs of cables shall be tied together at one (1)
meter intervals using PVC tape and clipped to the underside of the water pipework
at two (2) meter intervals using plastic straps.
To allow full flexibility of the system, each valve shall have a separate control
cable such that any valve sequence control may be re-adjusted.
Where required, cable junction boxes shall be fitted. These shall be purpose
made boxes fitted with fixed connectors and suitable labelled. The boxes shall be
fitted with glands and gasketted lid to ensure fully waterproof and dust tight
conditions.
Each remote control valve shall be fitted with a fixed connector inside a
waterproof box and suitable for cable tails from the valve to be connected.
All cable cores shall be fitted with marker ferrules at each end for each of
identification, and all valves shall be fitted with identification labels.
8.02.5 METALWORK,
STRUCTURES
PAINT
AND
PAINTING
AND
WATER
RETAINING
8.02.5.1 Metalwork.
8.02.5.1.1 General.
Metalwork covers all purpose-made items shown on the Drawings. These
items shall be fabricated to the design shown on the Drawings and according to the
material and Workmanship specified in Section 5.05 "Steel Structures and
Miscellaneous Metalwork" in these General Specifications.
8.02.5.1.2 Ladders and Safety Cages.
Ladders and safety cages shall be fabricated galvanized mild steel to BS 4211
or aluminum alloy as approved.
64
8.02.5.1.3 Pipe Supports.

Piping shall be supported independently of equipment at close enough
intervals to avoid air pockets and dirt traps.
Supports shall be located in such a way as to carry weight of pipe, valves,
fittings, insulation, appurtenances and contents without sagging.
In addition to the maximum spans specified, location of supports and hangers
shall take into account concentrated loads, elimination of overhung sections or
bends, load reaction on terminal connections, pipe expansion and contraction,
vibrations, hydrostatic thrust, hydrostatic testing, water hammer and seismic forces.
Spacing of supports shall be reduced to less than three-quarters (3/4) of
maximum spans specified where changes in direction or branch connections occur.
Supports shall be located immediately adjacent to changes in direction of
piping, branch connections, and concentrated loads, irrespective of maximum spans
specified. Supports shall be fixed to structures with masonry expansion bolts
without causing overstress to the structure.
Risers shall be supported independently of adjacent horizontal hangers.
Intermediate steel shall be provided where required to transfer loads to areas
of the structure where they can be safely accommodated.
Masonry expansion bolts shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer's
instructions.
Where inverts of pipelines are approximately at time level multiple piping runs
can be supported in groups on trapeze hangers. Pipes shall be kept in position with
U-bolts. Lines subject to extreme thermal expansion shall be free to slide or roll.
For trapeze hangers, the maximum spacing shall be that for the smallest pipe
supported. Spring cushions shall be used where a horizontal pipe is subject to
considerable vertical movement or vibration.
Embedded inserts shall be installed during concreting.
U-bolts shall be welded to pipes at points of contact and bolted to structural
angle frame securely fixed to structure.
Temporary hangers and supports are not allowed. Wire, metal bands, rope,
wood, chain, strap, or perforated bar shall not be used.
8.02.5.2 Paint and Painting. Paint and painting shall comply with Section 5.13
"Painting of Structures" in these General Specifications unless otherwise specified
in the Special Specifications.
The color of the final paint shall be approved by the Engineer's Representative.
65
8.02.5.3 Excavation. Excavation shall conform with Section 2.09, "Structural

Excavation and Backfill" in these General Specifications.
8.02.5.4 Concrete. Concrete shall conform with Section 5.01, "Portland Cement
Concrete" and Section 5.03, "Concrete Structures" in these General Specifications.
8.02.5.5 Reinforcement. Reinforcement shall conform with Section 5.02,
"Reinforcing Steel" in these General Specifications.
8.02.5.6 Bituminous Primer to Buried Surfaces. Shall conform with Section
5.12, "Waterproofing for Structures" in these General Specifications.
8.02.6 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
Irrigation pipework shall be measured by linear meter for the various types and
sizes of pipe specified, installed, tested, completed and accepted. Lengths of pipe
shall be measured along with their centerlines and shall include lengths occupied by
valves and accessories.
Valves and Irrigation Equipment. Valves and irrigation equipment shall be
measured by the number for the various types and sizes of valves and items of
irrigation equipment as specified, installed, completed, tested and accepted.
Electricity supply as specified shall be measured by linear meter for the various
types and sizes of cables specified or as a lump sum as specified in the Bill of
Quantities.
Mechanical plant for the irrigation pumping station and storage tanks including
the supply, installation, test and commission shall be measured by the sets.
Electrical installations for the irrigation pumping station and storage tanks
including the supply, installation, test and commission shall be measured by the set.
Civil works for the irrigation pumping station and storage tanks including the
supply, installation, test and commission shall be measured for the various items as
specified in the Bill of Quantities.
Suction and header pipes of the irrigation pumping station and storage tanks
including the supply, installation, test and commission shall be measured by the set.
Chain link fence around each pumping station and its appurtenant storage tank(s)
including the supply, erection, excavation, concrete work, one (1) double gate and
one (1) single gate and all other materials, equipment, labor maintenance, as shown
on the Drawings, shall be measured by linear meter.
Other irrigation items not appearing in the Bill of Quantities shall not be measured
but shall be considered subsidiary to other items in the Bill of Quantities.
8.02.7 PAYMENT. The quantities, measured as provided above, shall be paid for at
the contract unit prices for the several pay items as specified in the Bill of
66
Quantities, which prices shall be full compensation for furnishing, installing,

handling and testing all materials, for all labor and maintenance, equipment and all
other items described in the specifications necessary for the proper completion,
acceptance and maintenance of the work.
The supply of water required will not be paid for directly but shall be considered
subsidiary work pertaining to the several items contained in the landscape works.
The Contractor shall supply water for his own Contract and for any additional
adjacent Contracts which are served by his pumping station.
For guarantee of perfect maintenance of works according to Specification, an
amount equivalent to twenty-four percent (24%) of the total amount of irrigation
items shall be reserved to be paid during the maintenance period (twenty-four (24)
months) at equal annual payments of twelve percent (12%) according to
performance of maintenance of works as required at the end of each twelve (12)
month period.
The above price and payment shall cover and be full compensation for furnishing
labor, materials, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to completing all work
as specified in Subsection 1.07.2, "Scope of Payment" in these General
Specifications.
67
PAYMENT WILL BE MADE UNDER ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING:

ITEM NO
PAY ITEM
PAY UNIT
80201
Irrigation Pipework, Cast Iron, 25 mm dia
Linear Meter
80202
Linear Meter
80203
Linear Meter
80204
Linear Meter
80205
Linear Meter
80206
Linear Meter
80207
Linear Meter
80208
Linear Meter
80209
Irrigation Pipework, Cast Iron, ___ mm dia
Linear Meter
80215
Plastic Irrigation Pipe, 50 mm dia
Linear Meter
80216
Linear Meter
80217
Linear Meter
80218
Linear Meter
80219
Linear Meter
80220
Linear Meter
80221
Linear Meter
80222
Plastic Irrigation Pipe, ___ mm dia
Linear Meter
80225
Steel Irrigation Pipe, 50 mm dia
Linear Meter
80226
Linear Meter
80227
Linear Meter
80228
Linear Meter
80229
Linear Meter
80230
Linear Meter
80231
Linear Meter
80232
Steel Irrigation Pipe, ___ mm dia
Linear Meter
80240
(Type), Irrigation Pipe, 50 mm dia
Linear Meter
80241
Linear Meter
80242
Linear Meter
68
80243
Linear Meter
80244
Linear Meter
80245
Linear Meter
80246
Linear Meter
80247
(Type), Irrigation Pipe, ___ mm dia
Linear Meter
80301
Valve, Butterfly, 300 mm
Unit
80302
Unit
80303
Unit
80304
Unit
80305
Unit
80306
Unit
80307
Unit
80308
Unit
80309
Unit
80310
Valve, Air-Type I, 300 mm
Unit
80311
Unit
80312
Unit
80313
Unit
80314
Unit
80315
Unit
80316
Unit
80317
Unit
80318
Unit
80319
Valve, Air-Type II, 300 mm
Unit
80320
Unit
80321
Unit
80322
Unit
80323
Unit
80324
Unit
80325
Unit
80326
Unit
69
80327
Unit
80328
Valve, Globe, 300 mm
Unit
80329
Unit
80330
Unit
80331
Unit
80332
Valve, Globe, 100mm
Unit
80333
Valve, Globe, 80 mm
Unit
80334
Valve, Globe, 50 mm
Unit
80335
Valve, Globe, 25 mm
Unit
80336
Valve, Silent Check, 300 mm
Unit
80337
Unit
80338
Unit
80339
Unit
80340
Unit
80341
Unit
80342
Unit
80343
Unit
80344
Unit
80345
Valve, Remote Control, 300 mm
Unit
80346
Unit
80347
Unit
80348
Unit
80349
Unit
80350
Unit
80351
Unit
80352
Unit
80353
Unit
80354
Valve, Pressure Reducing, 300 mm
Unit
80355
Unit
80356
Unit
80357
Unit
70
80358
Unit
80359
Unit
80360
Unit
80361
Unit
80362
Unit
80363
Valve, Pressure Relief Check, 300 mm
Unit
80364
Unit
80365
Unit
80366
Unit
80367
Unit
80368
Unit
80369
Unit
80370
Unit
80371
Unit
80372
Valve, Penstock, 300 mm
Unit
80373
Unit
80374
Unit
80375
Unit
80376
Unit
80377
Unit
80378
Unit
80379
Unit
80380
Unit
80381
Valve, Gate, 300 mm
Unit
80382
Valve, Gate, 250 mm
Unit
80383
Valve, Gate, 200 mm
Unit
80384
Valve, Gate, 150 mm
Unit
80385
Valve, Gate, 100 mm
Unit
80386
Valve, Gate, 80 mm
Unit
80387
Valve, Gate, 60 mm
Unit
80388
Valve, Gate, 40 mm
Unit
71
80389
Valve, Gate, 25 mm
Unit
80390
Combination Valve, Pressure and Gate, 300 mm
Unit
80391
Unit
80392
Unit
80393
Unit
80394
Unit
80395
Unit
80396
Unit
80397
Unit
80398
Unit
80401
Electricity Supply, Pumping Station
Linear Meter
80402
Electricity Supply, Irrigation Equipment
Linear Meter
80403
Electricity Supply, Pumping Station
Lump Sum
80404
Electricity Supply, Irrigation Equipment
Lump Sum
80501
Mechanical Plant for Irrigation, Pumping Station
Lump Sum
80502
Electrical Installations for Pumping Station
Unit
80503
Civil Works for Pumping Station
Lump Sum
80504
Suction and Header Pipes for Pumping Station
Lump Sum
80601
Pumping Station Chain Link Fence and Gates, 1 m Height
Linear Meter
80602
Pumping Station Chain Link Fence and Gates, 1.5 m

Height
Linear Meter
80603
Pumping Station Chain Link Fence and Gates, 2 m Height
Linear Meter
80604

Height
Linear Meter
80605

Height
Linear Meter
80606
Pumping Station Chain Link Fence and Gates, ___ m

Height
Linear Meter
72
PART 8 - LANDSCAPING AND IRRIGATION

APPENDIX 1
COMMON NAMES AND SPECIES OF THE MOST POPULAR PLANTS WIDELY
PLANTED IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
Common names and species of the most popular plants widely planted in the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
TREES
Acacia Arabica
Albizzia lebbek
Casuarina
Delonix regia
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Prosopis juliflora
Schinus molle
Schinus terebinthifolius
Ficus nitida
Ficus altissima
Pithecellobium dulce
Ziziphus mauritiana
SHRUBS
Acacia farnesiana
Bougainvillea spectabilis
Bougainvillea glabra
Caesalpinia pulcherrima
Dodonia viscosa
Callistemon viminalis
Atriplex halimus
Tecoma stans
Thevitia nereifolia
GROUND COVER
Carissa grandiflora
73
Clerodendron inerme
Ipomoea pes-capre
Ipomoea carica
SUCCULENTS
Aloe vera
Agava americana
Opuntia
Yucca alofolia
PALMS
Phoenix dactylifera
74
PART 8 - LANDSCAPING AND IRRIGATION

APPENDIX 2
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
LANDSCAPING
FOR
MAINTENANCE OF
IRRIGATION AND
Part One: Maintaining and Watering Trees, Earth Covering, and Irrigation Network
Plant Maintenance Section
1.
Replacement of Plants
The replacement operation means changing the dead, weak, bent, or slow
growing plants with similar types of plants or any other type agreed on by the
Ministry.
The most important reasons which require plants to be replaced are the
following:
(1) Death of Plant
The Contractor has to preserve all plants and find the suitable method to
guarantee their safety whether the cause is weather conditions, vandalism, as a
result for a third party work in the site, or because of animals.
(2) Weakness of Some Plants, Slenderness, and their Inability for Continuous
Growth:
A disease might affect plants and cause their slenderness and slow down their
growth, or that the type of plant may not be suitable to the soil. Other reasons may
also lead to growth weakness. Therefore, it becomes better to replace certain
plants with another of the same type or any other type agreed on by the Ministry.
(3) There is a defect in the plant as a twist in the stock, irregular growth, or any
other reason lead to be removed.
2.
Specifications of Replaced Plants
The Contractor is required to change dead or slow growing plants with new
ones of the same type or any other type agreed on by the Ministry including the
following specifications:
(1) Trees
1) After plantation, the main stock length has to be not less than one (1)
meter above earth level.
2) The main stock has to be straight and without twist and its diameter is
not less than three (3) centimeters.
3) It should be free of diseases and insects.
75
(2) Shrubs
1) After plantation, the shrubs length should be not less than seventy-five
(75) centimeters above earth level.
2) It has many branches.
3) The green growth has to be satisfying.
4) It has to be free from diseases and insects.
(3) Earth Cover
1) The level of greenery growth has to be satisfying.
2) It should be free from diseases and insects.
3) It has to be from the existing type or any other type agreed on by the
Ministry.
(4) Transplant Flowers
1) To grow the planted types in the site of the project transplant.
2) During plantation, it has to be almost flowering.
3) It has to be ready for plantation any time within the project duration.
(5) Palms
Period inspection of palms occurs every three (3) months to replace the dead
palms; and time has to be suitable for palm plantation. The dead palms have to be
removed one (1) week before plantation to enable soil airing and to remove the
dead roots and molds, if any. The planting should be performed by adding new
sand around the root area.
The planted palms shall be with the following specifications:
1) To choose Arabic palms.
2) The female palms should be not less than ninety percent (90%).
3) The stock should be free of defects and within the same length of the
dead palm, and not less than one (1) meter by any means. The diameter of the
stock should be not less than sixty (60) centimeters and without twists or bends.
4) The palm ball diameter size is not less than one (1) meter and the roots
shall be vital; and its parts shall be cleaned before plantation.
76
5) The outsider leaves shall be green and within two (2) to three (3) meters
of length, and its number is not less than twelve (12). The inside leaves shall be
green and free of any mold.
6) Palms shall be free of diseases and insects.
7) To import the palms in the site after cleaning, and to perform the
planting operation. The palm shall be wrapped with sackcloth including stock and
leaves to protect the core from dryness and from the effect of heat and cold.
3.
Obligations for the Replacement Operation
(1) The Contractor is required to prepare for the replacement operation as

excavation, filling, additional improvements, bitumen, and fertilizers.
(2) The Contractor is prohibited, by any means, to remove any plants from its
spot before informing the supervising engineer and obtaining his written approval. If
the Contractor removes a tree from its place without notifying the Ministry, he will
pay the estimated costs of the removed plan.
(3) During the replacement operation if it was found that some plants were not
planted in their sport because of the Contractor carelessness, the Contractor will
replace the plants in the right place, and the size shall equal the other plants.
(4) If the Contractor plants are different from the mentioned specifications, he
will be obligated to replace them with others in accordance to the mentioned
specifications on his own expense.
4.
Tumbling
Tumbling operation is turning over the soil around the roots and airing it and
removing accumulations and leftovers. This operation is performed as follows:
(1) It occurs every sixty (60) days and the supervising engineer identifies the
tumbling and becomes included in the work schedule.
(2) The turning over is performed in the upper level in order not to hurt the
roots.
(3) Remove the leftover and accumulated material before tumbling.
(4) The soil should be left without watering for two (2) days after the soil turning
over for the purpose of airing it.
(5) The Contractor has to fight back worms.
(6) To remove decayed plants during the tumbling operation or by using an
appropriate herbicide in accordance with the supervising engineer's instructions.
5.
Fertilizing Operation
77
(1) Organic Fertilizers are fertilizers that originate from organic material. They
are important because they include the food elements needed for the plant and
improve the soil. The organic fertilizer is added once a year in early winter.
The rates for adding organic fertilizers:
1) Palms: Five (5) kilograms for each palm tree.
2) Trees: Two (2) kilograms for each tree.
3) Shrubs, flowers, and grass: Two (2) kilograms for each square meter.
The specifications of organic fertilizers:
1) It should be free of harmful material in plants or soil.
2) It should be free of decayed grass seeds.
3) Humidity shall not exceed fifteen percent (15%).
4) pH should be within six (6) to seven (7).
5) Each gram should include not less than 5000 million of bacteria.
(2) Chemical Fertilizers are divided into the following types:
1) Chemical fertilizer compounds:
It includes the main food elements as Nitrogen, Phosphore, Potassium, etc.
2) Monism fertilizers:
It includes one (1) element as uric, and is added to compensate for low
iron. This fertilizer is added when one (1) element appears to be low in big
quantities. It spreads out and compensates the low rate of food elements quickly.
(3) Times for Adding Chemical Fertilizers
1) The monism fertilizers shall be added when a specific soil element
appears to be low.
2) Chemical fertilizer compounds shall be added periodically once every
month and in accordance to the fertilizing schedule.
3) The azoic fertilizer shall be added if needed to encourage the greenery
growth.
4) The fertilizer shall be added to grass after mowing.
(4) Rates of Chemical Fertilizer
78
1) Palms: Two hundred (200) grams for each palm.

2) Trees: One hundred fifty (150) grams for each tree.
3) Grass, flowers, and shrubs: Fifteen (15) grams for each square meter.
(5) The Method for Adding Fertilizers
1) The fertilizer shall be spread under the stock in the area surrounding the
roots.
2) Organic fertilizer is added to flowers before it is planting. The chemical
fertilizer is added periodically and is turned over until flowering time.
6.
Applying the Trimming and Forming Operations
(1) Trimming Trees and Shrubs is based on the plant type and its purpose. It
is prohibited to trim trees without obtaining the supervising engineer approval about
the trimming method including the following:
1) The Contractor has to trim one (1) tree as a sample and in accordance
to what is specified by the supervising engineer.
2) The trimmed sample shall be inspected, and needed modification shall
be done, if any.
3) The sample shall be photographed after performing the trimming
operation for the tree. The supervising engineer and the project manager shall sign
on the photograph.
4) The Contractor shall obtain the written agreement to complete trimming
operation to the rest of the trees in accordance with the sample.
5) Time for trimming trees:
1. Trees will falling leaves shall be trimmed after the falling by cutting
the diseased and dead branches only.
2. Formation, smoothing, and removal of unusual growth shall be
performed any time in the year except for the periods when temperature reaches its
climax of either high or low degrees.
3. Old trees which appear to be slow in growth shall be identified and
inspected by the supervising engineer to obtain his approval for severe trimming for
growth renewal.
4. Shadow trees shall be trimmed very little and the branches shall be
cut when necessary.
79
5. As for trees hindering traffic movement, it should be trimmed by

removing the branches causing this problem, and after obtaining the written
agreement from the supervising engineer.
(2)
Cutting and Forming Gates and Fences
Plants planted for this purpose will need continuous cutting to identify their form
because such cutting will renew its growth and preserve fence appearance. Plant
cutting is performed in accordance with the following:
1) It is prohibited to perform the cutting operation at a low temperature,
greenery slow growth during winter season, or when temperature degrees reaches
its highest rates.
2) Flowering fences shall be cut before blooming with an adequate period
to allow flowering buds to bloom. It should be cut after flowering in order not to form
seeds.
3) When perform cutting, the fence foot shall be thicker in comparison with
the top to enable reinforcing the fence.
4) Fences and gates shall be formed differently, straight and others; and
designs of different forms of cutting shall be prepared. These designs are shown to
the supervising engineer to choose the appropriate locations for such forms.
5) If there is a reason that affects the fences and weaken them that
becomes naked from the bottom part, in this case, the fence shall be cut unto half
meter in early spring, or in early autumn after the bad conditions cease. It is
fertilized with organism fertilizers to encourage bottom growth and forming new
branches.
(3)
Trimming Individual Shrubs
1) Individual shrubs shall be trimmed yearly and when needed for the
following reasons:
1. Reduce shrubs size and organize its form to suit the purpose of its
plantation.
2. To get rid of unwanted growth.
3. To remove diseased, dry, and dead branches.
4. To assist in making the sun light reaches all parts of the shrubs in
order to encourage flower blooming.
2) Trimming Time
1. Winter trimming shall be performed on shrubs which has flowers and
bloom at summer season.
80
2. Shrubs that have flowers on old branches and bloom in winter should
be trimmed late spring and early summer.
3. Small shrubs should not be trimmed, and it is enough to cut the dead
branches.
4. Cone shrubs should never be trimmed and are left for normal growth.
7. Trees Hold and Support
(1)
Purpose of Holding and Supporting Operation
1) To assist in focusing trees vertical growth in full straightness and without

any twisting or bending in the main stock.
2) To assist the main stock, by different means, to carry the greenery
weight if the stock is unable of carrying it.
(2)
Methods of Hold and Support
Hold and supporting are two (2) escorted operations performed on all trees. The
method is different in regard to the trees age, size, and purpose.
1) Trees Newly Planted
These trees would not be exceeding one (1) year of age. At this phase,
there is a need to encourage the main stock growth in thickness, straightness in
regard to the following:
1. Leave the lower branches without trimming and let them grown
normally unless it is extremely necessary. In case of disease, the branch shall be
removed after obtaining a written approval from the supervising engineer.
2. To support the plants by setting wood support in an appropriate way
for trees, and in regard to the tree's case, holder, type, numbers, and method of
holding. What follows is an explanation of this operation:
(1) Holders shall be made of a good type white Swedish wood that
is strong and dry; its measure is five by five (5 x 5) centimeters.
(2) Holders faces shall be soft to avoid harming the plant's stock
when it moves as a result of wind blowing.
(3) The wood, which the holder is made of, should not have
branching pose to avoid easy breaking.
(4) The supporting holder shall be pointed from the lower part in
order to get through the soil easily, and it shall be painted with the bitumen to
protect the wood from water.
81
(5)
The upper part of the supporting holder shall be painted with a
green color.
(6) The supporting holders shall be of an appropriate length of the
tree's stock. These holders shall be replaced with others, when needed.
2) Tree Binding
1. The binding shall be simple, and the material shall be strong to avoid
continuous cutting or stock bending.
2. When binding, the stock shall be paralyzing the supporting holder,
and an appropriate space shall be in-between. The stock shall not be bound
strongly to the support holder to avoid hindering the stock growth.
3. Means of Binding
The binding shall be performed by the following method:
(1) A thin string of two (2) mm. and it is performed on newly planted
trees. This string is soft that would not hinder its growth or harm its stock. This
string is cut easily, and needs continuous rebinding.
(2) Polyethylene binders: This binder is performed for such
purpose. The binding opening shall be widened or control the binding circle around
the stock.
(3) String bindings of three to five (3-5) mm. wrapped with a plastic
material to protect the stock. This string surrounds the stock in many ways in
accordance to the binding and supporting method. The supervising engineer shall
choose the best used materials in binding and in accordance to what he believes is
appropriate.
3) Method of Supporting
The method of supporting shall be identified by the stock length, number
of branches and the method approved by the supervising engineer.
4) Trees Newly Planted
1. A tree is supported by one holder placed during plantation and is
attached to the main stock. Three holes have to be made in the holder at top,
middle, and bottom with an equal distance. The stock shall be bound to the
supporting holder from these three locations.
2. To support with two wood holders limiting the tree in-between with an
adequate distance. In this case, three holes are made in each supporting holder
and with an appropriate distance. Binding shall be made with a wire covered by a
plastic cover and leaving an appropriate opening that the stock can get through
during binding.
82
3. To support using three holders in a triangle method around the stock.

The stock is located in the middle with an equal distance from each holder. The
binding is made by a lean wire with a plastic cover that forms a ring around the
stock of three branches. Each of the three branches are fixed to each holder.
5) Medium Size Trees
These trees exceed one year of age and the top branches are huge that
the stock fails to carry them without a supporting holder. Wood holders will be
broken as a result of the heavy top weight.
In this case, an iron pipe of thirty eight to fifty (38-50) millimeters (1.5 to
2") diameter and in accordance to the tree size, it should be fixed in the earth, and
shall be bound to the stock in a straight and paralyzed direction. The bottom part of
the pipes shall be painted with bitumen and a green color for the top.
6) Huge Trees
The main stock is unable to carry the greenery. Such trees should be
supported in regard to the following:
1. Minimize the top greenery weight by cutting the branches which
cause the bending of the stock.
2. Trees shall be bound with one iron wire or more in an opposite
direction to the bending wide, working on vertical appearance of the tree. The wire
shall be fixed to the appropriate spot in the earth.
3. Supporting and holding style shall be changed in the following
conditions:
(1)
When the support holders are worn out.
(2)
When the support holder is not suitable to the plants length.
(3)
When the support holder is unable to assist the plant for vertical
growth.
(4) When the greenery growth of the plant reaches a size that such
method is not suitable for, or if the plant inclines in one of the directions. In this
case the contractor should perform the following:
1) To perform a study on a group of trees to choose the most
suitable supporting way to its case.
2) To work on a resupporting program in accordance to the
needs of every group, and to specify its final date.
3) To demonstrate the program for the supervising engineer.
After fulfilling the needed discussion and modification, the contractor shall perform
the work within the specified duration.
83
4) If the contractor is not committed to the program, he is

subject to cash deduction which is specified in the deduction statement as SR 5.00
for each tree for each day of delay.
5) In case of broken trees and as a result for the carelessness
of the contractor to support the trees, the contractor has to pay the expenses of
these trees since plantation.
8. Fighting Insects and Diseases
Plants are sprayed with herbicide in the following cases:
(1)
Protective Herbicide
The maintenance program has to include protective herbicides to spray the

insects and avoid diseases. The maintenance engineer shall perform this project in
regard to the following:
1) To specify the sprayed types of herbicide.
2) To specify the used percentage of herbicide.
3) To specify the protective spraying periods; it has to be not less than
three (3) yearly.
4) To perform a schedule in accordance to the different project sites. The
supervising engineer shall study the protective schedule with the maintenance
engineer. He has to adjust the necessary modification and approve the program
before spraying. This operation has to be in regard to the special specifications and
project plans.
(2)
Spraying in Case of Disease

The contractor shall be committed to the following in disease cases:
1) To specify disease type.
2) To specify the used herbicide.
3) To perform spraying diseased plants twice, and the second spray is

fulfilled after ten days.
4) To perform an immediate spraying program for all plants in the diseased
area. The contractor shall execute this operation after obtaining the supervising
engineer approval regarding the herbicide type and spray schedule.
9. Washing Operations
(1)
Soil Washing
84
It is an operation to dissolve precipitation salt as a result of spray or drip

watering. This operation is summarized by overflowing the soil with clean washing
water for few days that the precipitation salt is removed. The percentage of salt in
the washing operation does not exceed more than one thousand (1000) parts per
million.
The contractor has to perform this operation on separate periods in the
following cases:
1) To use spraying or dripping system.
2) The appearance of salt in soil, or in case of analyzing it and finding a
high percentage of salt. This operation has to be performed every two months in
case of using the spraying or the dripping water system, appearance of salt in the
soil, and when required by the supervising engineer in accordance to the project
special specification and construction plans.
(2)
Washing Trees and Shrubs
Plants in streets and intersections are exposed to dust accumulations on

leaves as a result of dust spreading, wind blowing, soil falling on plants when
crashed with. In addition, there is the drizzle sprayed out from cars which include
carbon. With accumulation of all dust and harmful material on plants leaves
causing the closure of leaves openings and hindering the plants of performing vital
physiological operations. Therefore, such accumulation shall be removed by
washing the plants with a strong water spray to remove the dust and to refresh the
plants.
Plants shall be washed once every six months, or whenever necessary,
such as after wind blowing of dust or sand. The used water in the washing
operation shall be treated and clean. The operation is performed by motors that
pushes the water strongly towards the plants.
10. Specifying Soil Height
The height or level of soil toward the concrete barricade would cause hindering
the maintenance and the watering operations which will lead to the weakness of
plant growth. The soil level height below the top of the different types of concrete
barricades to provide for sufficient amounts of water; it shall be ten (10) cm. The
maintenance operation has to be performed simply and easily; and the contractor
has to remove soil if it exceeds the above mentioned limits, and he should add new
soil if it becomes less than the specified limits. In case of replacing some plants,
the Ministry has the right to ask the contractor to change the soil more or less and
with a depth not exceeding twenty (20) cm. The prices shall be carried on the
maintenance item in a way that the added soil is a mixture of agriculture and sand
soil in accordance with the project Special Specifications and construction plans.
11. Watering
(1) Watering Periods
85
Watering periods shall be specified for all of the four seasons. The
contractor shall present an annual and monthly program submitted five days before
the end of the Higri month. The supervising engineer shall review and discuss this
program with the contractor and approve it before the beginning of the next
following month.
(2) Situations for Changing the Watering Schedule
1) Watering operation shall be stopped during the raining period of
winter and spring. Therefore, the watering schedule shall be subject to change
during this period. In this case, there is no need to obtain the supervising engineer
approval to change the schedule. Watering shall be stopped since commencing
rain, and the contractor has to coordinate with the supervising engineer in regard to
the following:
1. To specify the retained period; and this is determined in regard
to adequate rain amounts for watering plants.
2.
To receive the instructions regarding water pumping as a result
of floods.
2) If the hot temperature increases to its highest rates which will affect
the plants and harm them if things are not handled immediately.
In such case, the contractor is required to increase the watering
percentage to avoid damage. This will also obligate the contractor to change the
watering schedule in accordance with the new estimations regarding the weather
temperature, low moisture, and plants demand of water at this stage.
3) In case of reducing watering periods in regard to the Ministry
request, the contractor is obligated to perform this reduction. This reduction will
cause modifying the watering schedule.
4) As for the cases that the Ministry find it necessary to change the
watering schedule for any particular reason and in regard to the plants benefit, the
contractor has to be obligated to follow the Ministry instructions.
12. Maintaining Palms
Palms shall be provided with a special care in all operations, and in regard to
its vitality and growth.
(1) Watering
It is one of the important matters, and it should take care of the following:
1) Palms Newly Planted
Successful growth of new planted palms depend on the watering
method in accommodation to the following:
86
1.
The watering operation shall continue daily and for the first forty
(40) days.
2. Palms shall be flooded with water to the area surrounding the
roots and to assure the nonexistence of air around the roots.
3.
The watering operation shall occur in moderate weather

circumstances. Watering shall be avoided during hot noon time, and watering
should be at early morning or at night when temperature is high at summer time.
2) Palms at the Project Site
Palms shall be watered due to the earlier mentioned quantities and
periods and in accordance to the project watering schedule.
3) There are some periods that palms would demand more and special
care in regard to the watering operation. These periods are the following:
1. Before pollination season in order to activate the pollen and to
speed up early pollination.
2.
Immediately after flowering because palms need of water for
3.
When performing the curving operation.
4.
During date ripen.
dates to ripen.
5. After collecting dates because watering helps in palm vitality

and assist in forming new pollen.
4) Less watering is demanded in the following periods:
1.
Palms planted in an area of high water rates.
2. After completion of the majority of date ripen because watering

after full ripen would lower its good qualities.
3.
At winter season and during the decrease of temperature.
5) Watering operation shall not be overdone in order not to have bad

palms quality of causing roots to mold.
6) At summer time and during the hot weather, watering shall not be
performed during noon time when the temperature would be in its maximum. The
watering operation shall be performed during early morning or late evening.
(2) Palms Replacement
Dead or slow growing palms shall be replaced with new ones and in
accordance to these specification of size, greenery, and being free of insects and
diseases.
87
Under the supervision of the supervising engineer, the contractor shall

examine the palms once every three months to remove dead ones and to plant new
palms in accordance with the General Specifications.
The following shall be performed when replacing the palms:
1) To provide sufficient treatment before plantation in regard to the
following:
1.
To clean the excavation hole and to remove the mold.
2. To leave the excavation hole exposed to the sun for the purpose
of cleaning and airing it.
2) Treatment during plantation is performed in accordance to the
following:
1. The planted palm shall be addressed towards sunrise direction
and shall lean to sunset area.
2.
Adding agriculture sand around the palm roots during
plantation.
3. During the plantation, the contractor has to bury the roots and
part of the main stock under the soil level without burying the core to avoid causing
mold.
4. To reserve the palm core and avoid its exposure to any hits
during transportation or plantation.
5. If the palms leaves are long and huge, a part shall be removed
and the rest shall be cut from the top in order not to cause palm bend.
(3) Protecting Newly Planted Palms
1) Protecting newly planted palms means to cover it in a sackcloth; the
area where the greenery group meet the main stock. This protection is performed
for the following reasons:
1. To protect the grown top (palm core) from dryness as a result of
high temperature caused by direct sun rays and therefore, its chances to live
become low.
2. To protect newly planted palms from severe cold weather during
the first phase of plantation.
2) Method of Protection
88
1. Cover fifty (50) cm. of height around the main stock and one
hundred (100) cm. of height around the greenery group to assure full protection for
the palm core.
2. To bind protected area, it shall be bound from top, middle, and
bottom, two un-tight binds in order to avoid affecting the palm core.
3) To remove the sackcloth cover from palms after the growth of new
leaves and being confident of successful plantation after the growth of new leaves.
The cover shall be removed so that the grown top is exposed to sun and air.
Continuous covering shall cause lots of damages as follows:
1.
Slow growth of the top part as a result of not being exposed to
sun light.
2. Continuity of cover shall lead to insects gathering and which will
cause palm disease and death.
(4) Trimming of Palms
Palms shall be trimmed once a year to remove dry leaves.
1) Periods for performing the trimming and smoothing operation.
There are two times to perform this operation and they are:
1.
Before performing pollination.
2.
After collecting dates at the end of the fruit season.
The trimming and smoothing shall be specified in accordance to

work schedule.
2) Trimming and Smoothing Provisions
1. The trimming operation shall be limited to dry leaves only which
have ceased to function. It is prohibited to remove any green leaves unless it is
really necessary and after obtaining the supervising engineer approval.
2. When trimming, the dry leaves shall be removed from the base
and the cutting shall be regular and in one level.
3. Dry leaves foot shall be trimmed and smoothed; this operation
shall form the palm and give it a good appearance.
(5) Palms Pollination
Work shall be performed on fertile palms at the project location by
transporting the male palm seeds to the female ones. Therefore, special care shall
89
be provided to make this operation successful at a very high percentage. The

following should be performed:
1) Pollination shall be performed under the sun rays.
2) This operation shall be avoided during rain falls, clouds, and fogs.
3) To put in the date bunch the pollination seeds which will pollinate the
female flowers in it.
4) The pollination seeds shall be taken from a male palm tree that has
the following specifications:
1.
Pollination seeds shall be vital and of strong smell.
2.
The male palm shall produce a number of big size flower
3.
The pollination shall be taken from a palm known of its fertility
4.
The flowers shall not fall down when it dries.
sleeves.
and vitality.
5) Method of Pollination
1. After completion of the spadix growth, the pollination man shall
climb up to the palm to perform the pollination by putting an adequate quantity of the
pollination seeds from 1-5 in each female date bunch. It shall be put upside down to
enable the pollination seed to fall down on the female flowers, and it shall be bound
around the date bunch for a few days.
2. The pollination operation shall be performed immediately after
the opening of the female date bunch because any delay would cause less fertility.
(6) Palm Curving
This operation means to modify the palm case after completion of the
pollination and fruit clutch to take its normal position in curving down.
This operation is performed when dates begin to be big in order to avoid
disorder with the leaves which will hinder its growth and dates collection after ripen.
1) Curving Time
This curving operation shall be performed in accordance with the
palm case and with the following:
1.
After the dates begin to be big.
2.
Before the palm case is dry and becomes broken.
90
3.
Before intertwisting with the leaves.
2) Curving Method
The date branch shall fall down and pull its neighboring leaves in
accordance to its case.
(7) To Adjust the Curved Palms
Some facts would cause the palm to bend and form a lean position as a
result of uneven growth or car accidents which will cause the palm inclination from
its straight position.
Therefore, the contractor has to adjust curved palms, or he has to inform
the supervising engineer to adjust such palms to form a straight position without any
bending or inclination.
(8) Fertilizing Palms
A great care shall be provided to fertilization in order to substitute the soil
food elements by applying organic and chemical fertilizers that were mentioned
before.
(9) Protection Against Insects and Diseases
1.
Protective spraying in accordance to the project spraying schedule.
2. Treatment spraying in case of disease shall be done by spraying all

the palms in the area with the appropriate herbicide twice within an interval of seven
or ten days.
(10) To collect the palms dates and submit it to the Ministry under the
supervision of the supervising engineer.
13. The contractor has to remove the water which will be gathered in some of the
areas and which will hurt the plant that is caused by rain fall or any other.
Part Two: Irrigation System
The irrigation system contains several units; they are as follows:
1.
Main Line
(1) To assure the nonexistence of any leaking; there are two types of leaking.
1) The First Type
Simple leaking, and it is usually found at the joints. This leaking

would not be clarified in the main water pressure of distribution.
2) The Second Type
91
Severe leaking is a result of a break in the main line, and this will be
clear in the pumping station that the pressure would go down less than the required
measure limits. The pumping machine will stop automatically as well as the
substitute one. An additional light shall be exposed to indicate low pressure and
cease of the pumping work.
(2) To be certain of the working of the valve air vacuous:
The leaking shall exist as a result of the blemish.
2.
Tube Boxes
(1) To be sure of the box safety of any break.
(2) To be sure of the good work (go back to the factoring instructions and the
design plans) and to be sure of reducing the pressure.
(3) The overall inside and outside cleaning of the box, and to be sure of no
water leaking to the inside of the box.
3.
The Minor Line and Holders

(1) To be sure of the nonexistence of any leaking in the minor lines.
(2) To be sure of the right direction for the sprayers (go back to the design
plans).
(3) To clean the filter periodically, and this filter is located inside the sprayers.
As for the water dripping, the following has to be noted:
1) To clean the main filter periodically and to assure it is clean and
undamaged.
2) To be sure of opening the dripping holes.
3) To be sure of the tubes joints safety between the dripping and the
plants.
4.
Maintaining the Drippings
The contractor has to perform the periodical maintenance for the drippings,
and especially for the following:
(1) To be sure of nonexistence of any breaks in the dripping body and to
replace the damaged ones.
(2) To be sure of the nonexistence of any breaks in the tube (flexible tube) and
to replace the damaged one, if any. Also, to be sure the tube is clean and the
nonexistence of any obstructions.
92
(3) To disconnect the dripping from the main watering tube and then wash the
dripper with clean water and to remove the salt settled on it.
(4) To replace the damaged filter of drippers.
(5) To install the final drippers and make a test to be sure of the work accuracy
and the quantity of water coming out of each dripper.
93
5.
Maintaining the Sprayers

The periodical maintaining schedule is performing the following:
(1) To assure the nonexistence of any leaking out from the sprayer. This is
clear if there is a water gathering around the sprayer area.
(2) To maintain the sprayer:
1) To disconnect the sprayer and clean the water drainage. It has to be
noted not to use an iron material as iron wires in cleaning the drainage which will
cause it to widen and lead to a change in the watering design. The cleaning is
executed by pressured air and water.
2) The sprayer filter shall be cleaned periodically to preserve the
appropriate water and that the sprayers shall last longer.
6.
Maintaining the Operation Controlling Machines

The following shall be taken care of:
(1) To be sure of the control machine box safety and the nonexistence of any
damage or rust to the outside body and the box door.
(2) To be sure of the safety of all electrical joints and make sure of its good
condition and replacing the damaged ones.
(3) To be sure of the machine operating keys and its being in good condition
and that the machine is working accurately. Also, the damaged keys shall be
replaced.
94

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KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

SECTION 8.01 LANDSCAPING...................................................................................1

8.02.3.6.3 Submersible Pumping Unit.........................................................56

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

PART EIGHT: LANDSCAPING AND IRRIGATION

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

8.01.2.1 Agricultural Soil.

6.0 - 8.0 saturated soil

Less than 4 mmhos/cm saturation

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

8.01.2.1.2 Soil Analysis.

Total salts (EC of soil solution)

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

8.01.2.3.4 Range of Sizes.

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

Fifty percent (50%)

Fifty percent (50%)

Before delivery to site, all plants shall be dipped in anti-desiccant.

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

less than 1000 parts per million (ppm)

Products of the following composition are

1. Stabilization material consisting of natural petroleum resin, wetting agents,

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

Color of the chemical agents shall be as selected by the Engineer. Type of

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

6. Backfill planting pits with planting medium.

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

8.01.3.16 Preparation and Maintenance of Grass Areas. Agricultural soils

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

8.01.3.18.4 Soil Stabilization and Hydroseeding Materials.

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

1. The hydroseeding shall be applied in the form of a slurry consisting of

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

potable water truck or irrigation to a depth of seventy-five (75) millimeters

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

8.01.4.7 Pruning. Plants shall be pruned at an appropriate time to remove any

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

surfaces of twenty-five (25) millimeters or more in diameter shall be treated with an

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

8.01.5.6 Planting Outside Specified Conditions. If the Engineer requires or

MOC General Specifications - November 1998

For guarantee of perfect maintenance of works according to the Specifications,

Trees, Acacia arabica

Trees, Albizzia lelbbek

Trees, Delonix regia

Trees, Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Trees, Prosopis juliflora

Trees, Schinus molle

Trees, Schinus terebinthifolius

Trees, Ficus nitida

Trees, Ficus altissima

Trees, Pithecellobium dulce

Trees, Aiziphus mauritiana

Palms, Phoenix dactylifera

Shrubs, Acacia farnesiana

Shrubs, Bougainvillea spectabilis

Shrubs, Bougainvillea glabra

Gravel Mulch, Class _ - _ mm dia