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The Airfoil
NACA 2421
The First Digit: Airfoil maximum camber in percent of the chord(2%C).
The Second Digit: Indicates where on the airfoil the point of maximum camber
occurs in tenths of the chord length aft of the airfoil leading edge. (40%C).
The Third and Fourth Digits: Indicate the airfoils maximum thickness in percent
of the chord lenght (21%C).
2%C = 0.02
cm
The Airfoil
The Airfoil
The Airfoil
Lift Curve
Cl vs.
The Airfoil
Drag Curve
Cd vs Cl
The Airfoil
The Airfoil
The Wing
The Wing
Terminology
The Wing
Rectangular Wing:
MAC = Chord
1 + 2
6 1+
The Wing
Dihedral Angle
Positive
Neutral
Negative
The Wing
Angle of Twist
Geometric Twist
The Wing
Angle of Twist
Aerodynamic Twist
If the airfoil at the wing tip has less camber than the airfoil at the root,
this has much the same effect on the wing lift as if the airfoils were
the same but the wing tip airfoil was at a lower angle of attack than
the root.
The Wing
The Wing
Downwash
Low Pressure
High Pressure
The Pressure Diference is what causes the airflow to go from the high presurre
area to the low pressure area.
The Wing
The Wing
The Wing
The Wing
Induce Drag:
= sin i o = sin i
2
=
CD = +
The Wing
The Wing
57.3
1 +
= ( =0 )
The Wing
The Wing
Taper
Twist
Different airfoils along the span wise direction
Untwisted elliptic wings are the ones that have the best
lift distribution. They generate the smallest possible
induced drag (do not generate vortices )