06 Rr410404 Optical Communication

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Code No: RR410404 Set No. 1

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Give the block diagram of a digital optical fiber communication system and
explain the functions of each block. [4+6]
(b) With respect to band width explain how optical fibers are advantageous over
coaxial cables. [6]
2. (a) Explain step index fiber structure.
(b) Write in detail about Ray optics. [8+8]
3. (a) For the fiber it is given that , at λ=850 nm, λ2 (d2 n1 /dλ2 )=0.015.The R.M.S
spectral width of the light sources is 20nm at this wavelength. Determi
i. Material dispersion parameter
ii. R.M.S pulse broadening/km due to material dispersion [4+4]
(b) Differentiate between Intermodal and Intramodal dispersion. [4+4]
4. (a) Write notes on broadening of pulse in the fiber dispersion.
(b) For a fiber material dispersion parameter is 58.8 ps/nm/km.The relative spec-
tral widthδλ /λ of the source is 0.0012 at the wavelength of 850nm.Calculate
the R.M.S. pulse broadening per km. [8+8]
5. (a) Draw and explain the schematic of three fundamental structures for confining
the optical waves in the lateral direction and draw its radiation patterns.
[3+3+3]
(b) A laser diode has a maximum average output of 1mW (0 dBm). The laser
is to be amplitude modulated with a signal x(t) that has a dc component of
0.2 and a periodic component of ±2.56. If the current input to optical output
relationship is p(t) = i(t) / 10, find the values of Io and m, if the modulating
current is i(t) = Io[1 + m.x(t)] [4+3]
6. A high input impedance type of preamplifier is used in an optical receiver having
the bias resistance of 3MΩ estimate,
(a) Maximum Bandwidth that can be achieved without equalization if the total
capacitance is 5pf.
(b) The mean square thermal noise current generated by the impedance
RT L (parallel combination of two 3MΩ when the operating temperature is
270 C for unity bandwidth). [8+8]
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7. (a) Give an account of Fiber optic link power budget with an example. [4+4]
(b) List the factors involved in launching optical power from a light source to a
fiber. [8]
8. (a) Explain about LED coupling to single-mode fibers?

(b) A GaAs optical source with a refractive index of 3.6 is coupled to a silica fiber
that has a refractive index of 1.48. If the fiber end and the source are in close
physical contact, then find the Fresnel reflection at the interface and power
loss in dB? [10+6]
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1. (a) Briefly explain historical development of Optical fiber communication..

(b) What are the applications of optical fiber communication? [8+8]
2. (a) What are the requirements for the materials to be used for optical fibers
(b) Write in detail about glass fibers. [8+8]
3. (a) Explain in detail the signal attenuation or transmission loss in the optical fiber
with necessary equations and prove that this loss is a function of wavelength
using graphical analysis. [5+3]
(b) The average optical power launched into a 10-km length of fiber is 100µw and
the average output power is 25 µw. Calculate
i. The signal attenuation in dB through the fiber. It is assumed that there
are no connectors or splices.
ii. Signal attenuation per km of the fiber
iii. Overall signal attenuation for the 11km optical link using the same fiber
with 3 splices each having an attenuation of 0.8dB
iv. Numerical value of the ratio between input & output power. [4+4]

5. (a) Explain the key process involved in the LASER operation. [4]
(b) What is population inversion and how it can be achieved? [6]
(c) A GaAs injection laser has an optical cavity of length 400µm. At normal
operating temperature the gain factor is 40 x 10−3 Acm−3 and the loss co-
efficient/cm is 15. Determine the threshold current density and hence the
threshold current for the device. It maybe assumed that the cleaved mirrors
are uncoated and that the current is restricted to the optical cavity. The
refractive index of GaAs may be taken as 3.0. [3+3]
6. A high input impedance type of preamplifier is used in an optical receiver having

the bias resistance of 3MΩ estimate,

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(a) Maximum Bandwidth that can be achieved without equalization if the total
capacitance is 5pf.
(b) The mean square thermal noise current generated by the impedance
RT L (parallel combination of two 3MΩ when the operating temperature is
270 C for unity bandwidth). [8+8]
7. (a) Describe with diagram to explain the operation of a unidirectional WDM
system.
(b) Discuss about a bidirectional WDM system. [8+8]
8. (a) Discuss measurement of fiber scattering loss by describing the use of two com-
mon scattering cells.]
(b) A Nd:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 1.064µm is used with an in-
tegrating sphere to measure the scattering loss in an optical fiber sample.
The optical power propagating within the fiber at the sphere is 98.45µW and
5.31ηW of optical power is scattered within the sphere. The length of fiber
in the sphere is 5.99cm. Determine the optical loss due to scattering for the
fiber at a wavelength of 1.064µm in decibels per kilometer. [10+6]
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1. (a) Differentiate between the optical fibers and the conventional coaxial cables.
[4+4]
(b) List the applications and advantages of optical fibers. [3+5]
2. (a) Calculate the numerical aperture of a step index fiber having n1 =1.48 and
n2 =1.46. What is the maximum entrance angle θ0 maximum for this fiber of
the outer medium is the air with n=1.00? [4+4]
(b) Consider a dielectric slab having a thickness d=10mm and index of refraction
n1 =1.50. Let the medium above and below the slab be air in which n2 =1. Let
the wavelength λ be 10mm (equal to the thickness of the wave-guide). What
is the critical angle for the slab waveguide? What happens to the number of
angles? [4+4]
3. (a) Two step index fibers one of which is of mono mode type and the other one
in the multimode type have the following parameters:
The mono mode fiber has a core diameter of 8µm and core refractive index of
1.5.
The relative refractive index difference between the core and cladding is 0.3%
The operating wavelength is 1.55µm . Calculate the critical radius of curvature
at which bending losses occur in the fiber
(b) With the help of relevant expressions explain material dispersion and waveguide
dispersion. [8+8]
4. (a) Draw the schematic diagram of high radiance surface emitting LED explain
the working in detail. [3+5]
(b) A practical surface emitting LED has a 50mm diameter emitting area and
operates at a peak modulation current of 100mA. What is the bandwidth of
a GaAlAs LED having a 2.0µm active area thickness? Take Br = 10−10 cm3 /s
and S= 104 cm/s. [8]
5. (a) Draw the schematic of Fabry Perot Resonator Cavity for a laser diode and
explain how the optical radiations are generated. [3+7]
(b) Draw the LASER diode characteristics. [6]
6. (a) What are pre amplifiers? Describe the different types of pre amplifier with
suitable circuit. [2+6]
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(b) Derive an expression for receiver sensitivity. [8]
7. (a) Discuss about the Point to Point Fiber Optic Link and its characteristics with
an example? [5+3]
(b) Explain about the frequency chirping and its effects. [5+3]
8. (a) Explain about straight sleeve connectors?
(b) Explain about connector return losses? [8+8]
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Telematics)
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1. (a) Bring out a brief historical development of optical fiber communication. [6]
(b) Draw the block schematic of a general communication system and explain
about each block. [4+6]
2. (a) Explain step index fiber structure.

(b) Write in detail about Ray optics. [8+8]
3. (a) Discuss the different absorption losses in SiO2 fiber at 850nm, 1300nm and
1550nm. [8]
(b) What are the basic attenuation mechanisms in the optical fiber communica-
tion? Explain in brief on what factor these mechanisms depend [6+2]

5. (a) Discuss about the linearity of the optical source. What are the compensation
techniques for linearization of Laser. [5+3]
(b) A Gas laser emitting at 800nm has a 400µm long cavity with a refractive
index n=3.6. If the gain g exceeds the total loss at throughout the range
750nm< λ <850nm, how many modes will exist in the laser? Also find the
frequency separation of the modes. [4+3]
6. (a) What are the requirements of an optical receiver? Using a flow chart explain
the receiver design. [4+4]
(b) Derive an expression for receiver sensitivity. [8]
7. (a) Describe with diagram to explain the operation of a unidirectional WDM

system.
(b) Discuss about a bidirectional WDM system. [8+8]
8. (a) Discuss measurement of fiber scattering loss by describing the use of two com-
mon scattering cells.]

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(b) A Nd:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 1.064µm is used with an in-
tegrating sphere to measure the scattering loss in an optical fiber sample.
The optical power propagating within the fiber at the sphere is 98.45µW and
5.31ηW of optical power is scattered within the sphere. The length of fiber
in the sphere is 5.99cm. Determine the optical loss due to scattering for the
fiber at a wavelength of 1.064µm in decibels per kilometer. [10+6]
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www.andhracolleges.

com The Complete Information About Colleges in Andhra Pradesh

Code No: RR410404 Set No. 1

www.andhracolleges.com Engineering-MBA-MCA-Medical-Pharmacy-B.Ed-Law Colleges Information

Code No: RR410404 Set No. 1

8. (a) Explain about LED coupling to single-mode fibers?

www.andhracolleges.com Engineering-MBA-MCA-Medical-Pharmacy-B.Ed-Law Colleges Information

Code No: RR410404 Set No. 2

1. (a) Briefly explain historical development of Optical fiber communication..

4. (a) Write notes on broadening of pulse in the fiber dispersion.

6. A high input impedance type of preamplifier is used in an optical receiver having

Seminar Topics - Scholarships - Admission/Entrance Exam Notifications

www.andhracolleges.com Engineering-MBA-MCA-Medical-Pharmacy-B.Ed-Law Colleges Information

Code No: RR410404 Set No. 2

7. (a) Describe with diagram to explain the operation of a unidirectional WDM

www.andhracolleges.com Engineering-MBA-MCA-Medical-Pharmacy-B.Ed-Law Colleges Information

Code No: RR410404 Set No. 3

www.andhracolleges.com Engineering-MBA-MCA-Medical-Pharmacy-B.Ed-Law Colleges Information

Code No: RR410404 Set No. 3

8. (a) Explain about straight sleeve connectors?

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Code No: RR410404 Set No. 4

2. (a) Explain step index fiber structure.

4. (a) Write notes on broadening of pulse in the fiber dispersion.

7. (a) Describe with diagram to explain the operation of a unidirectional WDM

Seminar Topics - Scholarships - Admission/Entrance Exam Notifications

www.andhracolleges.com Engineering-MBA-MCA-Medical-Pharmacy-B.Ed-Law Colleges Information

Code No: RR410404 Set No. 4

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