Task 1. Draw one line under the subject and two lines under the verb.

1. Rachel poured extra-virgin olive oil into the frying pan.

2. The company offered a fifty-dollar rebate on every energy-efficient refrigerator bought during
the month of June.
3. The talk show host introduced ten-year-old Drake as a future American Idol star.
4. Sam adjusted the volume on her iPod as she entered the library.
5. The discarded cigarette butt burned a hole in the upholstery.
6. The bathroom upstairs is infested with cockroaches.
7. Lillian tripped over the tangled cables behind my office desk.
8. The sports drink quenched my thirst.
9. The lawn trimmer tossed small rocks and other debris into the air.
10. Volunteers collected canned meats, beans, and peanut butter for the food bank.
11. The rabbits ate more than their share of my garden.
12. My father prefers his well-worn jeans to new ones.
13. A local restaurant donated food for the homeless.
14. Stanley always looks ready for a fight.
15. An elderly couple relaxed on a bench in the shopping mall.
16. Lightning brightened the dark sky for a few seconds.
17. Our town council voted for a curfew on Halloween.
18. Lynns sore throat kept her home from work today.
19. Surprisingly, Charlottes little sister decided not to go to the circus.
20. As usual, I chose the slowest checkout line in the supermarket.
Task 2. Draw a single line under subjects and a double line under verbs. Be sure to include
all parts of the verb.
1. Ellen has chosen blue dresses for her bridesmaids.
2. You should plan your weekly budget more carefully.
3. Felix has been waiting in line for tickets all morning.
4. We should have invited Terri to the party.
5. I would have preferred a movie with a happy ending.
6. Classes were interrupted three times today by a faulty fire alarm.
7. Sam can touch his nose with his tongue.
8. I have been encouraging my mother to quit smoking.
9. Joe has just agreed to feed his neighbors fish over the holiday.
10. Many students have not been giving much thought to selecting a major.
Task 3. Draw a single line under subjects and a double line under verbs. Be sure to mark
all the subjects and verbs.
1. Boards and bricks make a nice bookcase.
2. We bought a big bag of peanuts and finished it by the movies end.
3. A fly and a bee hung lifelessly in the spiders web.
4. The twins look alike but think, act, and dress quite differently.

5. Canned salmon and tuna contain significant amounts of calcium.

6. I waited for the bubble bath to foam and then slipped into the warm tub.
7. The little girl in the next car waved and smiled at me.
8. The bird actually dived under the water and reappeared with a fish.
9. Singers, dancers, and actors performed at the heart-association benefit.
10. The magician and his assistant bowed and disappeared in a cloud of smoke.
11. Gasoline from the broken fuel line dripped onto the floor of the garage.
12. All the carrot tops in the garden had been eaten by rabbits.
13. An old man with a plastic trash bag collected aluminum cans along the road.
14. The majority of people wait until April 15 to file their income tax.
15. My brother became a college freshman at the age of forty-two.
16. At the delicatessen, Linda and Paul ate corned beef sandwiches and drank root beer.
17. The window fan made a clanking sound during the night and kept us from sleeping.
18. An umbrella tumbled across the street in the gusty wind and landed between two cars.
19. Telephones in the mayors office rang continuously with calls from angry citizens about the
city tax increase.
20. A teenager pushed a woman, grabbed her purse, and ran off through the crowd
Task 4. Turn each of the dependent-word groups into a sentence by adding a complete
thought. Put a comma after the dependent-word group if a dependent word starts the
sentence.
EXAMPLES
Before I begin college
Before I begin college, I want to brush up on my math and English skills.
1. Before I log off from the computer
_Before I log off from the computer, I make sure all tabs are
closed.________________________________________________________________________
_____
2. Even though I cheated
Even though I cheated, the teacher didnt punish
me.__________________________________________________________________
3. Although my parents never went to college
_Although my parents never went to college, they became very successful and rich.
____________________________________________________________________________
4. The pills that the doctor prescribed
_The pills that the doctor prescribed werent allowed to be taken by kids under 12 years
old.__________________________________________________________________________
___
5. If I remember correctly
If I remember correctly, Bens birthday is
today._________________________________________________________________________
_____

Task 5. Underline the dependent-word fragment (or fragments) in each selection. Then
correct each fragment by attaching it to the sentence that comes before or the sentence that
comes afterwhichever sounds more natural. Put a comma after the dependent-word
group if it starts the sentence.
1. When the waitress coughed in his food. Frank lost his appetite. He didnt even take home
a doggy bag.
When the waitress coughed in his food, Frank lost his appetite. _He didnt even take home a
doggy bag.__
2. Our power went out. During a thunderstorm. I lost the paper I was writing on the computer.
_Our power went out. During a thunderstorm,I lost the paper I was writing on the computer.__
3. Tony doesnt like going to the ballpark. If he misses an exciting play. Theres no instant
replay.
Tony doesnt like going to the ballpark. If he misses an exciting play, theres no instant reply.__
4. After the mail carrier comes. I run to our mailbox. I love to get mail. Even if it is only junk
mail.
_After the mail carries comes, I run to our mailbox. I love to get mail even if it is only junk
mail._________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
____
5. Even though she cant read. My little daughter likes to go to the library. She chooses books
with pretty covers. While I look at the latest magazines.
_Even though he cant read, my little daughter likes to go to the library. She chooses books with
pretty cover while I look at the latest magazines.
Task 6. Underline the -ing fragment in each of the three items that follow. Then make the
fragment a sentence by rewriting it, using the method described in parentheses.
EXAMPLE
Everyone at the meeting heard Tinas stomach growl. Not having eaten breakfast. She tried to
satiate her hunger with a breath mint. (Add the fragment to the sentence that comes after it.)
Not having eaten breakfast, she tried to satiate her hunger with a breath mint.
1. Desmond looked anxiously at his cell phone. Waiting for his supervisor to return his call. He
needed to call in sick to work. (Add the -ing fragment to the preceding sentence.)
Desmond looked anxiously at his cellphone, waiting for his supervisor to return his call._
2. Using one of the computers at the library. Hari could not access several Web sites, which he
later learned were blocked. (Add the fragment to the sentence that comes after it.)
Using one of the computers at the library, Hari could not acess several websites, which he later
learned were blocked._
3. A virus infected my computer. As a result, destroying data ( Add the subject it and change the
verb destroying to the correct form, destroyed.)
A virus infected my computer. As a result, it destroyed data._
4
Task 7. Underline the -ing or to fragment in each selection. Then rewrite each selection
correctly, using one of the methods of correction.

1. Some workers dug up the street near our house. Causing frequent vibrations inside. By
evening, all the pictures on our walls were crooked.
_Some workers dug up the street near our house, causing frequent vibration inside.__
2. I had heard about the surprise party for me. I therefore walked slowly into the darkened living
room. Preparing to look shocked.
I heard about the surprise party for me. I therefore walked slowly into the darkened living room,
prepared to look shocked.
3. Dribbling skillfully up the court. Luis looked for a teammate who was open. Then he passed
the ball.
_Dribbling skillfully up the court, Luis looked for a teammate who was open. Then he passed the
ball.__________________________________________________________________________
____
4. As I was dreaming of a sunny day at the beach, the alarm clock rang. Wanting to finish the
dream. I pushed the Snooze button.
As I was dreaming of a sunny day at the beach, the alarm clock rang. Wanting to finish the
dream, I pushed the Snooze button.
5.To get back my term paper. I went to see my English instructor from last semester. I also
wanted some career advice.
_To get back my term paper, I went to see my English instructor from last semester. I also
wanted some career advice._
ACTIVITY 5
Task 8. Underline the fragment in each selection that follows. Then make it a sentence by
rewriting it, using the method described in parentheses.
EXAMPLE
My husband and I share the household chores. Including meals. I do the cooking and he does the
eating. (Add the fragment to the preceding sentence.)
My husband and I share the household chores, including meals.
1. Denise puts things off until the last minute. For example, waiting until the night before a test
to begin studying. (Add the subject she and change waiting to the proper form of the verb,
waits.)
_Denise puts things off until the last minute. She waits until the night before a test to begin
studying.__
2. My eleventh-grade English teacher picked on everybody. Except the athletes. They could do
no wrong. (Add the fragment to the preceding sentence.)
_My eleventh-grade English teacher picked on everybody, except the athletes.
3. Bernardo always buys things out of season. For example, an air conditioner in December. He
saves a lot of money this way. (Add the subject and verb he bought.)
_Bernardo always buys things out of season. He bought and air conditioner in
December._____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
________

ACTIVITY 6
Task 9. Underline the added-detail fragment in each selection. Then rewrite that part of the
selection needed to correct the fragment. Use one of the three methods of correction
1. My daughter faithfully watches the programs on the Disney Channel. Including Hannah
Montana, Wizards of Waverly Place, and The Suite Life of Zack and Cody. She has never missed
a single episode.
_My daughter faithfully watches the programs on the Disney Channel, including Hannah
Montana, Wizard of Waverly Place, and The Suite Life of Zack and Cody.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. There are certain snacks I love to eat when I watch TV. Especially microwave popcorn. So I
always try to keep several bags in the cupboard.
_There are certain snacks I love to eat when I watch TV, especially microwave
popcorn.______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______
3. Some of the printers in the computer lab are unreliable. The ink-jet one, for instance. It often
needs a new printer cartridge.
_Some of the printers in the computer lab are unreliable, the ink-jet one, for
instance.______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______
4. By noon, the stadium parking lot was packed with tailgaters. With some of them grilling
barbeque ribs and drinking ice-cold beer.
_By noon, the stadium parking lot was packed with tailgaters. Some grilled barbeque ribs and
drinked ice-cold beer.__
5. Some Web sites contain annoying pop-up advertisements. For example, free online game Web
sites. These sites are filled with distracting marketing messages.
_Some Web sites contain annoying pop-up advertisements, for example, free online game Web
sites.__
ACTIVITY 7
Task 10. Underline the missing-subject fragment in each selection. Then rewrite that part
of the selection needed to correct the fragment. Use one of the two methods of correction
previously described.
HINT
1. Jack tripped on his shoelace. Then looked around to see if anyone had noticed.
__Jack tripped on his shoelace then looked around to see if anyone had noticed._
2. I started the car. And quickly turned down the blaring radio.
_I started the car and quickly turned down the blaring radio
3. The fire in the fireplace crackled merrily. Its orange-red flames shot high in the air. And made
strange shadows all around the dark room.

_The fire in the fire place crackled merrily. Its orange-red flames shot high in the air and made
strange shadows all around the dark room
4. The receptionist at that office is not very well trained. She was chewing gum and talking with
a coworker at the same time she took my call. And forgot to take my name.
_She was chewing gum and talking with a coworker at the same time she took my call and forgot
to take my name.
5. My elderly aunt never stands for long on a bus ride. She places herself in front of a seated
young man. And stands on his feet until he gets up.
_She places herself in front of a seated young man and stand on his feet until he gets
up.___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__
TIP
Task 11. Make up your own short fragments test as directed.
1. Write a dependent-word fragment in the space below. Then correct the fragment by making it
into a complete sentence. You may want to begin your fragment with the word before, after,
when, because, or if.
Fragment _After the rain.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
Sentence__After the rain, Sam went out with his friends.__
2. In the space below, write a fragment that begins with a word that has an -ing ending. Then
correct the fragment by making it into a complete sentence. You may want to begin your
fragment with the word laughing, walking, shopping, or talking.
Fragment _Walking in the park
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
Sentence __Walking in the park, I noticed a little girl playing with her
dog.__________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
___
3. Write an added-detail fragment in the space below. Then correct the fragment by making it
into a complete sentence. You may want to begin your fragment with the word also, especially,
except, or including.
Fragment _Especially in the
evening_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_______
Sentence _It gets really cold in here, especially in the
evening.______________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________
________REVIEW TEST 1
Task 12. Turn each of the following word groups into a complete sentence. Use the space
provided.
EXAMPLES
Wanting to impress everyone
Wanting to impress everyone, I told a white lie.
Until the semester begins
Until the semester begins, I plan to work forty hours a week.
1 After we left the classroom
_After we left the classroom, the teacher locked the
door._________________________________________________________________________
____
2. Whenever the weather is bad
__Whenever the weather is bad, we stay inside and watch TV
3. Behind the TV stand
_Behind the TV stand, you can see the old portrait.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. If I am late for my class
__If I am late for my class, my teacher is going to punish me.
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Tyler, who is extremely successful
__Tyler, who is extremely successful never doubts his
abilities._______________________________________________________________________
_____
6. To get to trust each other better
__You should spend more time with her, to get to trust each other
better._________________________________________________________________________
___
7. Which was surprising
_She called last night to say sorry, which was
surprising._____________________________________________________________________
________
8. Will see me tomorrow
______________________________________________________________________________
9. Texting a message on my phone
__I avoided greeting her, texting a message on my
phone.________________________________________________________________________
____
10. Guessing the answer _________________REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY
_I spent 1 hour in the shower, guessing the
answer._______________________________________________________________________
______

Task 13. Locate the split in each of the following run-ons. Some of the run-ons are fused
sentences, and some of them are comma splicesrun-ons spliced or joined together only
with a comma. Correct each run-on by putting a period at the end of the first thought and
a capital letter at the start of the next thought.
CONNECT
1. My father is a very sentimental man he still has my kindergarten drawings.
__My father is a very sentimental man. He still has my kindergarten
drawing.______________________________________________________________________
______
2. Sue dropped the letter into the mailbox then she regretted mailing it.
__Sue dropped the letter into the mailbox; then she regretted mailing
it.____________________________________________________________________________
3. Certain street names are very common the most common is Park.
__Certain street names are very common, but the most common is
Park.________________________________________________________________________
____
4. Bacteria are incredibly tiny a drop of liquid may contain fifty million of them.
_Bacteria are incredibly tiny. A drop of liquid may contain fifty million of
them._________________________________________________________________________
____
5. The fastest dog in the world is the greyhound it can run over forty-one miles an hour.
_The fastest dog in the world is the greyhound; it can run over forty-one miles an
hour._________________________________________________________________________
____
6. Mandys parents speak only Chinese she speaks Chinese, English, and French.
_Mandys parents speak only Chinese; she speaks Chinese, English and
French._______________________________________________________________________
______
7. My iPod stopped working its battery needs to be charged.
_My iPod stopped working, for its battery needs to be
charged._______________________________________________________________________
______
8. A shadow on the kitchen wall was lovely it had the shape of a plant on the windowsill.
_A shadow on the kitchen wall was lovely; it had the shape of a plant on the
windowsill.____________________________________________________________________
_________
9. The little girl hated seeing her father drink one day, she poured all his liquor down the kitchen
drain.
_The little girl hated seeing her father drink one day, so she poured all his liquor down the
kitchen drain._ ____
10. Children have been born at odd times for instance, James was born on February 29 during
leap year.
_Children have been born at odd times. For instance, James was born on February 29 during leap
year.__________________________________________________________________________
___

Task 14. Write a second sentence to go with each sentence below. Start the second sentence
with the word in brackets.
EXAMPLE
My wireless all-in-one printer is so convenient. It allows me to print, scan, copy, and fax
documents.
1.The oysters were placed on the grill until their shells popped open. (Then)
_Then were sold at a very high
price._________________________________________________________________________
____
2. I need to update the antivirus software on my computer. (It)
_It boosts and protects my computer.
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. Ashlee sent me several urgent text messages last night. (She)
_She needed a medicine for her little sister.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. Students who take studio art classes spend hours on their projects. (They)
_They have very creative ideas
5. After the recent sewage spill, people were afraid to swim in the ocean. (There)
_There was nobody in the water._________
ACTIVI
Task 15. Insert the comma and the joining word (and, but, for, so) that logically connects
the two thoughts in each sentence.
EXAMPLE
A trip to the zoo always depresses me, for I hate seeing animals in cages.
1. I want to stop smoking I dont want to gain weight.
_I want to stop smoking, for I dont want to gain
weight.________________________________________________________________________
_____
2. Packages are flown to distant cities during the night vans deliver them the next morning.
_Packages are flown to distant cities during the night, so vans deliver them the next
morning.______________________________________________________________________
______
3. The grass turned brown in the summers heat the grapes shriveled and died on the vine.
_The grass turned brown in the summers heat, and the grapes shriveled and died on the
vine.__________________________________________________________________________
_
4. Craig wanted to buy his girlfriend a ring he began saving ten dollars a week.
_Craig wanted to buy his girlfriend a ring, so he began saving ten dollars a
week._________________________________________________________________________
____
5. I enjoy watching television I feel guilty about spending so much time in front of the tube.

__I enjoy watching television, but I feel guilty about spending so much time in front of the
tube.__________________________________________________________________________
__
6. It was too hot indoors to study I decided to go down to the shopping center for ice cream.
__It was too hot indoors to study, so I decided to go down the shopping center for ice
cream.________________________________________________________________________
____
7. I dont like to go to the doctors office Im afraid one of the other patients will make me really
sick.
_I dont like to go to the doctor office, for Im afraid one of the other patients will make me
really sick
8. This world map was published only three years ago the names of some countries are already
out of date.
_This world map was published only three years ago, but the names of some countries are
already out of date.
_____________________________________________________________________________
9. Nate is color-blind his wife lays out his clothes every morning.
_Nate is color-blind, so his wife lays out his clothes every morning.
_____________________________________________________________________________
10. We knew there had been a power failure all our digital clocks were blinking 12:00.
_We knew there had been a power failure, for all our digital clocks were
blinking12:00_________________________________________________________________
____________
Task 16. Add a complete, closely related thought to each of the following statements. When
you write the second thought, use a comma plus the joining word shown at the right.
EXAMPLE
I was sick with the flu, but I still had to study for the test.
1. We have the same taste in clothes. But
_We have the same taste in clothes, but we have different tastes in
music.________________________________________________________________________
_____
2. Keisha needed a little break from studying. So
_Keisha needed a little break from studying, so she went downstairs to grab a pizza
slice._________________________________________________________________________
____
3. I hammered two nails into the wall. And
__I hammered two nails into the wall, and hung my favorite
paintings.______________________________________________________________________
_____
4. The house was unusually quiet. For
__The house was unusually quiet, for everybody was at the
beach.________________________________________________________________________
____

5. Harry meant to stick to his diet. But

_Harry meant to stick to his diet, but he couldnt resists his mothers apple
cake._________________________________________________________________________
____
ACTIVITY 6
Task 17. Insert a semicolon where the break occurs between the two complete thoughts in
each of the following sentences.
EXAMPLE
He had hair implants; it looked very natural.
1. I ordered a Grand Slam Breakfast at Dennys the bacon and over-easy eggs were cooked
perfectly.
_I ordered a Grand Slam Breakfast at Dennys; the bacon and over-easy eggs were cooked
perfectly.______________________________________________________________________
______
2. Sabina invited me to her wedding it was held in Maui on a beautiful private beach.
_Sabina invited me to her wedding; it was held in Maui on a beautiful private
beach.________________________________________________________________________
____
3. Professor Williams scowled at the class her facial expression told the story.
_Professor Williams scowled at the class; her facial expression told the
story._________________________________________________________________________
____
4. Remarkably, the crime rates in our neighborhood have decreased auto thefts and burglaries are
on the decline.
_Remarkably, the crime rates in our neighborhood have decreased; auto thefts and burglaries are
on the decline.
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. The Grand Canyon is ancient it is millions of years old.
_The Grand Canyon is ancient; it is millions of years old.
_____________________________________________________________________________

Task 18. For each item, choose a logical transitional word from the box above and write it
in the space provided. In addition, put a semicolon before the transition and a comma after
it.
EXAMPLE
It was raining harder than ever; however, Bobby was determined to go to the amusement park.
HINT
1. A new car is always fun to drive;_however,__ the payments are never fun to make.
2. The fork that fell into our garbage disposal looks like a piece of modern art; _therefore, it is
useless.

3. Auto races no longer use gasoline;_as a result,_ spectators have nothing to fear from exhaust
fumes.
4. We got to the stadium two hours before the game started ;_consequently,_ all the parking
spaces were already taken.
5. Mice use their sensitive whiskers as feelers; therefore, they scurry along close to walls.
Task 19. Punctuate each sentence by using a semicolon and a comma.
EXAMPLE
Our tap water has a funny taste; consequently, we buy bottled water to drink.
HIN
1. Nora lives two blocks from the grocery store nevertheless she always drives there.
_Nora lives two blocks from the grocery store; nevertheless, she always drives there.
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. The little boy ate too much Halloween candy as a result he got a stomachache.
__The little boy ate too much Halloween candy; as a result, he got a stomachache.
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Our dog protects us by barking at strangers however he also barks at our friends.
_Our dog protects us by barking at strangers; however, he also barks at our friends.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. Jeff cut back a few hours on his work schedule otherwise he would have had very little time
for studying.
_Jeff cut back a few hours on his work schedule; otherwise, he would have had very little time
studying.______________________________________________________________________
_______
5. My sister invited her ex-husband over to celebrate the holiday with the children furthermore
she bought a gift for him from the children.
_My sister invited her ex-husband over to celebrate the holiday with the children; furthermore,
she bought a gift for him from the children.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Task 20. Choose a logical dependent word from the preceding box and write it in the space
provided.
EXAMPLE
Until I was six, I thought chocolate milk came from brown cows.
1. Will hasnt had a cigarette __since______________ July 4, 2008.
2. _Unless___youre willing to work hard, dont sign up for Professor Dunns class.
3. The lines at that supermarket are so long _______because___________there are too few
cashiers.
4. ____After__________________reading the scary novel, my sister had nightmares for days.
5. My boss gave me smoked salmon for my birthday _although____________he knows Im a
vegetarian.
Task 21. Rewrite the five sentences that follow (all taken from this chapter) so that one idea
is subordinate to the other. Use one of the dependent words from the box Common
Dependent Words.

EXAMPLE
Auto races no longer use gasoline; spectators have nothing to fear from exhaust fumes.
Since auto races no longer use gasoline, spectators have nothing to fear from exhaust fumes.
1. I want to stop smoking; I dont want to gain weight.
_I want to stop smoking, because I dont want to gain weight.
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. It was too hot indoors to study; I decided to go down to the shopping center for ice cream.
_Since it was too hot indoors to study, I decided to go down the shopping center for ice
cream.________________________________________________________________________
____
3. He had hair implants; it looked very natural.
_Even though he had hair implants; it looked very
natural._______________________________________________________________________
______
4. Professor Williams scowled at the class; her facial expression told the story.
_When professor Williams scowled at the class; her facial expression told the
story._________________________________________________________________________
____
5. This world map was published only three years ago; the names of some countries are already
out of date.
_Although this world map was published only three years ago, the names of some countries are
already out of date.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Task 22. Make up your own short run-ons test as directed.
1. Write a run-on sentence. Then rewrite it, using a period and a capital letter to separate the
thoughts into two sentences.
Run-on _Sheyla decided to participate in the competition she needs money to buy a new
car.__________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
___
Rewrite _Sheyla decided to participate in the competition. She needs money to buy a new
car.__________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
____
2. Write a sentence that has two complete thoughts. Then rewrite it, using a comma and a joining
word to correctly join the complete thoughts.
Two complete thoughts Mark tiptoed slowly into the room he didnt want to wake her
up.___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
____
Rewrite
_Mark tiptoed slowly into the room, he didnt want to wake her
up.___________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
__
3. Write a sentence that has two complete thoughts. Then rewrite it, using a semicolon to
correctly join the complete thoughts.
Two complete thoughts _Tiffany made a pizza for us it was
delicious.______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
________
Rewrite _Tiffany made a pizza for us; it was delicious.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY
REVIEW TEST 2
Task 23. Correct each run-on by using subordination. Choose from among the following
dependent words. After, before, unless, although, even, though, until, as if, when, because,
since, while
EXAMPLE
Tony hated going to a new barber, he was afraid of butchered hair.
Because Tony was afraid of butchered hair, he hated going to a new barber.
1. Mom was frying potatoes, the heat set off the smoke alarm.
__Since mom was frying potatos, the heat set off the smoke
alarm.________________________________________________________________________
___
2. I love animals Im not ready to take on the responsibility of a pet.
_Even though I love animals, Im not ready to take on the responsibility of a
pet.___________________________________________________________________________
_
3. Lani leaves a lecture class, she reviews and clarifies her notes.
__Before Lani leaves a lecture class, she reviews and clarifies her notes.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Matthew jogs, he thinks over his days activities.
__Matthew jogs when he thinks over his days
activities.______________________________________________________________________
______
5. My mother puts apples in the fruit bowl she first washes the wax off them.
__Before my mother puts apples in the fruit bowl, she first washes the wax off
them._________________________________________________________________________
___
6. I began to shake on the examining table the nurse reached out and held my hand.
__Because I began to shake on the examming table, the nurse reached out and held my
hand._________________________________________________________________________
___
7. Some pets are easy to care for, others require patience and lots of hard work.

__Some pets are easy to care for, while others require patience and lots of hard work.
____________________________________________________________________________
8. Molly forgot to turn the oven off her homemade bread looked like burned toast.
_Because Molly forgot to turn the oven off, her homemade bread looked like burned
toast._________________________________________________________________________
___
9. A wheel hit a crack in the sidewalk the skateboard shot out from under Dan.
__When a wheel hit a crack in the sidewalk the skateboard shot out from under
Dan.__________________________________________________________________________
__
10. John Grisham and Stephen King make huge fortunes with their novels most writers barely
make a living.
__John Grisham and Stephen King make huge fortunes with their novels, while most writers
barely make a living.
____________________________________________________________________________
Task 24. Combine the following pairs of simple sentences into compound sentences.
Use a comma and a logical joining word ( and, but, for, so ) to connect each pair.
EXAMPLE
The children wanted to eat pizza.
I picked up fried chicken on the way home.
The children wanted to eat pizza, but I picked up fried chicken on the way home
1. I am majoring in digital media arts.
I hope to find a job doing video-game animation.
_I am majoring in digital media arts, so I hope to find a job doing video game
animation._____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
____
2. My children were spending too much time in front of the TV and computer.
I signed up my entire family for a one-year gym membership.
__My children were spending too much time in front of the TV, so I signed up my entire family
for a one-year gym membership.
______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Nicoles skin was blemished and sun damaged.
She consulted with a plastic surgeon about a chemical face peel.
_Nicoles skin was blemished and sun damaged, so she consulted with a plastic surgeon about a
chemical face peel.
______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4. Riley insists on buying certified-organic fruits and vegetables.
I cannot distinguish organic from conventionally grown produce.
__Riley insists on buying certified-organic fruits and vegetables but I cannot distinguish organic
from conventionally grown produce.

______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5. I was recently promoted to shift manager at work.
I need to drop down to part-time status at school next semester.
_I was recently promoted to shift manager at work and I need to drop down to part-time status at
school next
semester.______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______
ACTIVITY 4
Task 25. Use logical dependent words to combine the following pairs of simple sentences
into complex sentences. Place a comma after a dependent statement when it starts the
sentence.
EXAMPLE
I applied for a low-interest student loan. I spoke to a financial aid counselor about my options.
After I spoke to a financial aid counselor about my options, I applied for a low-interest student
loan.
1 Lydia read the quarterly reports. Her assistant drove them to a regional sales meeting.
__When her assistant drove them to a regional sales meeting, Lydia read the quarterly
reports._______________________________________________________________________
____
2. Keiko laughed hysterically. She heard the punch line to the joke..
_When she heard the punch line to the joke, Keiko laughed
hysterically.____________________________________________________________________
________
3. I wanted to order the chefs seafood special. The kitchen ran out of fresh prawns.
__The kitchen ran out off fresh prawn when I wanted t order chefs
seafood._______________________________________________________________________
_
4. Raymond refuses to drink from a public water fountain. He is afraid that he will catch an
infectious disease.
_Because he is afraid that he will catch an infectious disease, Raymond refuses to drink from a
public water
fountain.______________________________________________________________________
______
5. I want to register for a calculus class. I need to take the math placement exam.
___I want to register for a calculus class, because I need to take the math placement
exam._________________________________________________________________________
_
Task 26. Rewrite the following sentences, using subordination rather than coordination.
Include a comma when a dependent statement starts a sentence.
EXAMPLE
The hair dryer was not working right, so I returned it to the store.
Because the hair dryer was not working right, I returned it to the store.

1. Carlo set the table, and his wife finished cooking dinner.
_When Carlo set the table, his wife finished
cooking.______________________________________________________________________
2. Maggie could have gotten good grades, but she did not study enough.
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. I watered my drooping African violets, and they perked right up.
_When I watered my drooping African violet, they perked right
up.___________________________________________________________________________
4. The little boy kept pushing the down button, but the elevator didnt come any more quickly.
_Although the little boy kept pushing the down button, the elevator didnt come any more
quickly._______________________________________________________________________
_____
5. I never really knew what pain was, and then I had four impacted wisdom teeth pulled at once.
Until I had four impacted wisdom teeth pulled at once, I never really knew what pain
was.____________________________________________________________________
Task 27. Combine the following simple sentences into complex sentences. Omit repeated
words. Use the dependent words who, which, or that. Use commas around the dependent
statement only if it seems to interrupt the flow of thought in the sentence.
EXAMPLES
Clyde picked up a hitchhiker. The hitchhiker was traveling around the world.
Clyde picked up a hitchhiker who was traveling around the world.
Larry is a sleepwalker. Larry is my brother.
Larry, who is my brother, is a sleepwalker.
1. Karen just gave birth to twins. Karen is an old friend of mine.
_Karen, who is an old friend of mine, gave birth to
twins._________________________________________________________________________
____
2. The tea burned the roof of my mouth. The tea was hotter than I expected.
__The tea, which was hotter than I expected, burned the roof of my
mouth.________________________________________________________________________
____
3. I dropped the camera. My sister had just bought the camera.
__The camera,which my sister had just bought, was dropped by
me.___________________________________________________________________________
_
4. Ashaki brought us some enormous oranges. Ashaki is visiting from California.
_Ashaki, who is visiting from California, bought us some enormous
oranges._______________________________________________________________________
_____
5. Liz used a steam cleaner to shampoo her rugs. The rugs were dirtier than she had expected.
__The rugs Liz used a steam cleaner to shampoo, were dirtier than he had
expected.______________________________________________________________________
______ ACTIVITY 8

Task 28. Read through each sentence to get a sense of its overall meaning. Then insert a
logical joining word (and, or, but, for, or so) and a logical dependent word ( because, since,
when, or although ).
1. ___Before_________________you listen to our professors lecture, read the assigned pages in
the textbook, _because______________________the information will be much more relevant.
2. _When_________________I ride the bus to work, I always intend to read the newspaper,
______________I usually end up listening to new songs on my iPod.
3. My daughter told the truth __when___________I asked her about skipping classes,
____and____________she also explained why she hates junior high school.
4.__Becaue______________ I am on a strict budget now, I am trying to resist buying lattes at
Starbucks, ___so____________I brew myself coffee before leaving the house.
5. Daniel wanted to attend the event, _but_______________he had to work a double shift
____for_______________several of his coworkers called in sick.
ACTIVIT