PROBLEMS

The impacts of human activities on hydrological environment by the accelerated

groundwater exploitation. The wells has been constructed for the industrial and
domestic used. The total wells are increasing year by years and that causes the
groundwater level decrease and the river started to dried up. All of the
population and community only based on the water. The volume of precipitation
are become less toward the years and the community started to shortage of
water resources. They do not manage the water supply and drainage system
where it should be taking account to overcome the problem of water scarcity,
lack of sufficient supply system and appropriate handling of wastewater. They
only focused on the developed of the country where is for urbanization and
industrialization. The main fluxes in the groundwater balance are the infiltration
of rainfall and river water as well as evaporation and intensive pumping.
HISTORY
Shijiazhuang was a small village where its population increased from year to the
year. There were four stages to the urban development in Shijiazhuang city
according to the urban expansion.
Small town period
Shijiazhuang was a small town and the main water resources was surface water
and groundwater. At the beginning, only shallow wells were constructed and
there were two pumping which supplied the water for domestic use.
Urban growth period
Several factories were built and urban area expanded. There were constructed a
few wells to supply more water for drinking and another used. The water table
started to fell and the Hutuo River flowed all year around. The water
development still maintained the balance between recharge and discharge of
natural water cycle system.
Urban improvement period
The pumping wells were constructed on a large scale with motor suction pumps
were put into services. The water table started to declined through the slow
expansion of the city, urbanization and industrialization where it relied largely on
groundwater. After the flood, several reservoirs were constructed to mitigate the
flood threat. The water uses for industrial and domestic was largely amount
where the wells are adding more.
Rapid growth of urbanization period
After the urban area has expanded rapidly, the Hutuo River have dried up and
only flowed in big flood when the reservoirs discharge the water from the up
stream.

Table 1 Variations of water resources development and issue in the

Shijiazhuang

Figure 1 Yearly changes of water use in

Shijiazhuang
EFFECTS OF WATER RESOURCES EXPLOITATION ON LOCAL WATER CYLE

Drying and shrinking surface water bodies : the dying of the Hutou River
become more severe and it becomes completely seasonal.
Over exploited and exhausted groundwater : less surface water is
available, large amounts of groundwater are extracted for irrigation.
Water pollution : pollution of surface water and groundwater due to the
large quantities of wastewater that drained into dried river.
Extensive water management and low water used efficiency : due to out of
date water used method and extensive management (less irrigation
schedule)

The annual precipitation was decrease from the year to the year. Rapid urban
and industrial development and extension of irrigated farmland have doubled
the water demand cause by over use of surface water resources and
excessive exploitation of groundwater. The groundwater of this place are
recharged from three source :
1) From direct rainfall infiltration
2) From infiltration of surface water (rivers)
3) Through the inflow from older rocks surrounding

OVERCOME
water resources of Shijiazhuang has over exploitation, improper utilization and
poor management. The ground water table level has fallen greatly due to the
human activities. The recharge area become a discharge area from which much
of the groundwater was used for municipal and industrial use. With the
urbanization of Shijiazhuang, the quantities of wastewater were disposed of from
the city and used as an alternative source of water and fertilizer for agricultural
irrigation. Waste water irrigation practices made an obvious recharge to the local
groundwater. Besides that, the infiltration of rainfall and stream water used to be
of the greatest importance for groundwater recharge. The penetration of water
to depth occurred most readily on areas of outcropping piedmont alluvial fans.
The thin cover of the semi-permeable subseries sediments had no definite
hindering effect of infiltration and suggesting that recharge to the groundwater
may occur along the river banks. The long term water resource exploitation has
changed the water cycle structure in the Shijiazhuang. Tritium values suggest
that the river is the most important recharge line, but little water has recharged
to groundwater since the river dried-up. At the same time, more and more
groundwater is pumped for irrigation and dispersed from the local water system
through evapotranspiration. Therefore, both recharge and discharge conditions
for the groundwater flow system in that area have changed greatly. Efficient
water use plan and water management are needed to mitigate the deteriorating
water resources system. It is a great challenge to maintain a balanced water use
budget in this region.

REFFERENCES
1) http://hydro.sjziam.ac.cn/resources/Effects%20of%20urbanization%20on
%20water%20resources%20development%20and%20its%20problems
%20in%20Shijiazhuang,%20China.pdf
2) http://iahs.info/uploads/dms/14127.38-261-268-29-XIAO.pdf
3) http://www.atlantis-press.com/php/download_paper.php?id=20569.