Iraf-Data Reduction Guide Chris

COMMAND OVER
COMMANDS
An Astronomers data reduction Guide
( IRAF and Linux etc. )
WRITTEN BY
M.CHRISPHIN KARTHICK,
ARIES20062007,
Nainital.
Preface

This guide is good to start for beginner and expert to recall. The most of the topics and
commands may available from anywhere or from internet, but here it has written only which is most
often used in data reduction . Also ,the last page attached with all the software’s which is required
for data reduction for installation purpose and including some important websites which is necessary
for an Astronomer. So at the most which is reducing your time to spend on the internet and getting the
details. For soft copy and important links log on http://aries.ernet.in/page_chrisphin.html. While
Using this guide mean time cross check with the expert if any corrections are there. In this guide if
you have any feedback or queries ,please write to chrisphin@aries.ernet.in or
chrisphink@yahoo.co.in.
Yours
M.Chrisphin Karthick,
Known is a DROP
Unknown is an OCEAN
Last edited :22 November 2007
Contents
1. Linux commands01
2. Summary of preprocessing08
3. IRAF Commands (Before Basic reduction )09
4. Setting observatory16
5. Setting Air mass 17
6. Basic Reduction18
7. Alignment25
8. Cosmic ray reduction through MIDAS29
9. Cosmic ray reduction through IRAF34
10. Aperture Photometry35
11. Spectroscopy reduction48
Wavelength Calibration52
Flux Calibration 55
Some more hints on spectroscopy reduction59
12. LATEX Introduction64
13. Ellipse Fitting67
14. Iraf Installation78
How it's works—80
Appendix
I. General 91
II. Air mass Calculation Program92
III. FEAR FeAr Line List 3000A10,000A by D. Willmarth93
IV. Spectrum Extinction file for IAO (spec_ext.dat)94
V. Extinction Coefficients for ARIES97
VI. Site Characteristics of HCT 99
VII. Extinction and Sky Brightness for HCT 100
VIII. Halpha filter response curve for HCT 101
IX. FeAr wavelength identification1—102
X. FeAr wavelength identification2 103
XI.FeNe wavelength identification104
XII.Standard calibration data for extinction from IRAF105
Command over commands Chrisphin Karthick,ARIES20062007
1Linux commands
From open terminal:
>ls To list out
>mkdir foldernamemaking a directory
>rm f (directory name) removing directory
>rm rf (directory name)for removing subdirectories also
(* always represents for bulk files or folders)
>cp <source> <destination>for copy
>cp –r <source> <destination>whole directory
>mv <source> <destination>for move
>mv <source> <destination>for renaming also
>pwdpresent working directory
>cd <directoryname>changing directory
>cd >coming out to the home.
>cd .. >coming out one step back from the source directory
gzip filefor making .zip
>gunzip filename.gz for unzip
>gunzip *.gzfor unzipping lot of files
>tar xvpf filename.tar for untar
>tar xvf <filename> to extract the tar file
>tar zxvf <filename> To extract the tar and zipped file
>tar cvf filename.tar filename making tar
>zcat <filename.tar.gz> | tar xvf for removing zip and tar in one time the command is
> find . name "filename"For finding one file within the computer
(or)
>lpr P <printerName> <filename> for printing
>lpr <filename>if you don’t want mention particular printer by default printer printing
>lpqto list out the printing materials:
( it will come as file name and with its number)
>lprm <therespectivenumber>to stop the priniting material:
>gthump <photo filename>For viewing photo:
alt+EscTo switch over to another window;
alt+tabTo view and select the alternate window:
ctrl+alt+backspace for logout
>rebootto reboot the computer.
to run latex;
>latex <file name>
1
>dvips <latexoutputfile> o <newfilename.ps>
(OR) >dvips o <.ps> <latexoutputfile.dvi>
>gv < .ps>
>man commandnamefor help on any commands.
> xpdf <file name>to open pdf document:
(OR)
> gv <file name>
> ooffice <filename.ppt>to open ppt:
>ps2pdf <filename.ps> <filename.pdf>To change .ps file to .pdf file
>du s to check disk space in a directory
13026152
>ps afto display all the processes running on the host
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
501 3618 3545 0 11:00 pts/1 00:00:00 ps af
> du kTo report size (in kBytes) of all enclosed directories (recursive)
> du ms *To report size (in kBytes) of all enclosed directories (nonrecursive)
> usersTo list login IDs of users currently logged in to the system
Transwering data's from one computer to another:
>ps –aux | grep <filename>listing out the particular file running on the terminal ID
>ftp <that computer number>
means
>ftp IPaddress OR
>gftp username@IPaddress or generally
>sftp username@IPaddress
then mget* or mput*
or >scp –r username@IPaddress: pathway of file or folder
>yum install softwarenamefor installing anything in new fedora version.
For creating webpage
>mozilla
then from file GO EDIT PAGE then from edit page file GO COMPOSURE PAGE
now start work .
to get the details of memory capacity of all ....
chrisphin > df
Filesystem 1Kblocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
2
/dev/sda8 12096724 8125824 3356416 71% /
/dev/sda6 101086 11153 84714 12% /boot
/dev/sda10 18326876 77888 17318024 1% /data
none 253436 0 253436 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda5 10231392 1241840 8989552 13% /dos
/dev/sda7 25197220 19620160 4297084 83% /home
working from another computer to our computer then...type..
xhost+
>ssh X chrisphin @ 202.141.125.144
chrisphin>ls lrt to know the recent downloaded file.
total 101456
drwxrxrx 2 chrisphin chrisphin 4096 Mar 19 2001 lib
drwxrwxrx 3 chrisphin chrisphin 4096 Nov 4 2005 updatednews
drwxrwxr 7 chrisphin chrisphin 4096 Jul 27 09:52 images
rwrwr 1 chrisphin chrisphin 1937248 Jul 27 09:52 Firefox_wallpaper.png
drwxrwxrx 2 chrisphin chrisphin 4096 Jul 27 12:31 uparm
>clearto clear the terminal
>setupto set up the configuration of computer.
for .fits file getting details from the terminal...type
>more <filename>
cosmic > more csa104b02.fits
SIMPLE = T / Fits standard
BITPIX = 32 / Bits per pixel
NAXIS = 2 / Number of axes
NAXIS1 = 1024 / Axis length
NAXIS2 = 1024 / Axis length
EXTEND = T / File may contain extensions
ORIGIN = 'ESOMIDAS' / FITS file originator
DATE = '20060731T08:43:32' / Date FITS file was generated
IRAFTLM= '10:41:08 (03/08/2006)' / Time of last modification
OBJECT = 'sa104 ' / Name of the object observed
COMMENT NOST 1002.0: Hanisch,R. et al. 2001, Astron. & Astrophys. 376, 559
3
CRPIX1 = 1. / Reference pixel
CRVAL1 = 1. / Coordinate at reference pixel
CDELT1 = 1. / Coord. incr. per pixel (original value)
CTYPE1 = ' ' / Units of coordinate
CRPIX2 = 1. / Reference pixel
CRVAL2 = 1. / Coordinate at reference pixel
CDELT2 = 1. / Coord. incr. per pixel (original value)
CTYPE2 = ' ' / Units of coordinate
BUNIT = ' ' / Units of data values
DATAMAX = 437.2375 / Maximum data value
RA = 12:42:22 / MIDAS desc.: O_POS(1)
DEC = 00:40:00 / MIDAS desc.: O_POS(2)
DATEOBS= '20060503T17:01:25' / MIDAS desc.: O_TIME(1)
TMSTART= 0. / MIDAS desc.: O_TIME(5)
EXPTIME = 260. / MIDAS desc.: O_TIME(7)
EPOCH = 2000
ST = 13.085
UT = 17.02361
AIRMASS = 1.146693
UTMIDDLE= '17:03:35.0'
Notes:
always name the file without space.(if space is ther mv or cp or any command wont work)
ex:
file name: optical telescope.doc (wrong)
file name : opticaltelescope.doc (right)
**If the bookmark has been hidden by sekecting aniother profile to retrive it go to
chrisphin>cd .mozilla/
.mozilla>ls
>cd firefox
>ls
chrisphin default
>cd chrisphin
>ls
>vi bookmark.html
chrisphin>firefox&
>mplayer <filename.avi>To play the .avi format movie.
chrisphin > bc lqFor using terminal as a calculator
1+1
2
:quit
4
writting a program and executing:
>vi <filename>
.................
:wq
Some version problem while transforming tex file (gvim to vi somethinlg like that)
in vi file u may come across the problem of ^M
then
:%s/^M/ /g
>c++ <filename> (for combiling)
>.a/. out
sort all the files w.r.t.to time:
>ls lrt
>vol for volume.
Using as super user
>su
>user name:
>password:

while deleting press shift+delete (by right click)...then it wont go to the recycle bin.(in windows)
For making use of alias command:
>vi .cshrc
alias x "ds9 &; xgterm.fedora & "
alias hedit "/home/chrisphin/bin/./hedit"
alias aries "cd /home/chrisphin/data/ariesasper25oct06fits"
~
~
:wq
>source .cshrc
>rehash .cshrc
>
now execute the respective it will work.
5
example:
[chrisphin@aries25 ~]$ aries
[chrisphin@aries25 ariesasper25oct06fits]$
To know that which shell we are working :
[chrisphin@aries25 ~]$ echo $SHELL
/bin/csh
for changing the shell type
[chrisphin@aries25 ~]$chsh
password:
changing the shell type
>csh
then for making alias commands......
]vi .cshrc or vi .bashrc
depends on the shell........
then inside vi editor type
alias x “xgterm&;ds9&;”
:wq
To configure the computer IP address:
>cd /sbin
>ls ifco*
> ./ifconfig
(Then number and other details will come)
for writing into cd:
go to the root
>su
password
>xcdroast
(but before that confirm that whether it is installed xcdroast in /usr/bin)
6
Installation of real player in linux
download the file
then
> chmod a+x <filename.bin> (making executable by changing the mode)
> ./<filename.bin>
that,s it.
>xmms&For hearing songs linux the command is
(for installing anything like this ...download RPM file and double click it it will ask for root pasword
that is it it will install automatically.(in fedora core 5 version..that also noneed type yum install
<installing file> it will install)
How to write and execute the c programme:
1.make a folder within that...within that make one file...programm file ...write by vi editer.
that file extensions with .c(for c) or .cpp (for c++)...like file.c or file.cpp
>gcc o o_file file.c
or
>c++ file.cpp
For making alias commands:
chrisphin~>vi .bashrc
PS1="\u\w"\> (this command is for setting the prompt)
alias x="xgterm.fedora & ds9&"
alias e="emacs &"
alias rm="rm i"
alias rmr="rmr i"
alias g="gomidas"
:wq
chrisphin~>source .bashrc
For bringing scroll bar into iraf the command is as follow and also
7
midas wavelength calibration files is as attachment see the
attachment below thanks:.....
xgterm sb fn 10*20 &
1.1Printer Configuration for ARIES
adding a printer or printer settings:
go to system settingprinting
printer name:DN2420
networked jet direct
202.141.125.4 port:9100
HP
LASER JET 2420(if not any 2300)
finish.
2.Summary of preprocessing:
1. Converting file into fits format.
2. Setting Observatory*
3. Setting Airmass*
4. Making Master biasBias subtraction
5. Making Master flat and then Normalized flat for respective filter divide it.
i. e.,
{The final image= (raw image – master bias) / normalized flat
(how to normalise a flat...take the mean counts of master flat and divide the master flat by that)}
6. Align it.
7. Trim it.
8. Cosmic rays removal.
9. Cleaned image is ready.
(*In the above mentioned steps where 2 and 3 you can do it later also if needed).
Easy way to handling the file and folder name :
In this book Prefix given to the file as...
object_r1.fits object _filter nth frame.(here example taken as r—filter)
bi_1.fitsbias_nth frame
fl_r1.fitsflat_filter nth frame
mbi.fitsmaster bias
mfl_r.fits—master flat_filter
8
nfl_r.fits normalized flat_filter
bbias substractedbobject_r1.fitsorb_object_r1.fits
nnormalisednobject_r1.fits
aalignedaobject_r1.fits
ccosmic reducedcobject_r1.fits
ssummedsobject_r1.fits
uunit exposureuobject_r1.fits
scscaledscobject_r1.fits
sksky substractedskobject_r1.fits
Spectroscopy:
wobject.fitswavelength calibrated
fobject.fitsflux calibrated
Regarding folder:
1. floder name as yyyy_mm_dd
2. for original data
3. all preprocessing
4. outside the current working.
03IRAF Commands (Before data reduction )
Hint & Summarise:
Before starting reduction....what are things to be noted in mind.
Depends which telescope data you are using..change the
signal to noise ratio.....and gain....value asked
in ....while
1.epar zerocombine—for bias
2.epar flatcombine—for flat
3.epar imcombinefor object at last only(after preprocessing individual frames )
4.
epar display.....it should be fill = yes) scale image to fit display window
otherwise it will be without binning..it will show the bigger image.
While spectro reduction ...better to cut the unwanted portion.....means trimming...other wise unwanted
9
lines will be produced...in corner side of the spectrum.
In spectro....disp command wont work.....only display ...will work.
*********************************************************************************
TO view the full details of one .fits file
>imhead <filename> l+ | page
or)
>imhead <filename> lo+
to bring control bar in the iraf terminal
press
ctrl+right clickin the cursor
>e ........typing like this we can get the earlier commands
to come out or interupt:
ctrl+c
Converting fts file to fits file .
From the terminal
[chrisphin@aries25 22mar07]$ wr2fits <imagename>
Image info: image name
Filter: <filter Name>
where wr2fits is an executable file....which is in the computer.written only for the image name and
filter for ARIES.
[chrisphin@aries25 22mar07]$ wr2fits bi*
Totally are to be processed
Please enter the default parameters :
Image info : bias
Filter : none
1 ) Input file: bi_1.fts
outputfile: bi_1.fits
2) Input file: bi_2.fts
outputfile: bi_2.fits
10
ob1.fits ,ob2.fits....if v you want to make a list then :
> ob *.fits >>jude
> !emacs jude &
cl> show version
NOAO/IRAF V2.12.2EXPORT
cl>show printer
lp
cl> refer photometry
cl> help [az]*
For saving the Graph:
:.snap epsfl
To make a list :
suppose there are frames like.
flr1.fits,flr2.fits...................flr9.fits
you wants to make a list (for bias subtraction..for all at a time...through epar ccdproc..then.)
>ls flr* >list
im> e
disp aobject_r1.fits
frame to be written into (1:4) (2):
z1=1380.411 z2=1612.45
im> display zs zr z1=1500 z2=3000
image to be displayed (tn1156r01.fits):
z1=1500. z2=3000.
im> display zs zr z1=230 z2=900
11
image to be displayed (tn1156r01.fits): ctn1156a01.fits
frame to be written into (1:4) (2): 1
z1=230. Z2=900.
Where z1 be the the sky counts.
And z2 be the object counts.
Simply the range must be in betweeen these values.
For the above command while displaying where the sky count shows the z1=<1500
z2=some thing like 2350 to 2620....so it has given that
z1=1500 z2=3000
while combining the images if you want to see the details on the screen itself, then give
in the place.....
logfile =STDOUT
then you can see the output there itself.
HINT:Always try to make the output file in the form of .imh (means leave automatically it will take
the extension of .imh)then the storage space you will get more .Then convert that into fits format
by the command “wfits”
cc> wfits mbi.imh
FITS filename(s) (mbi):
Image 1: mbi.imh > mbi.fits bias_img Size = 2048 x 2048
pixtype=real bitpix=32 blkfac=fixed scaling=none
3 Header 5826 Data logical (2880 byte) records written
Actually this imh file stores at /iraf/imdirs/chrisphin.So before take into another computer better to
change it into fits format.
About imexam:
>imexam
go to the ds9 image....and placing the cursor on a star.press
afor statitics details
rradial plot
econtour plot
c—coloumn plot
lline plot
12
w—logfile will close.

while displaying the images if it fills the images full of window of ds9(SAO)
then go to the display and change the below shown ( darken region) no to yes.
now display it will be o.k.
cc> epar display
PACKAGE = tv
TASK = display

image = image to be displayed
frame = 1 frame to be written into
(bpmask = BPM) bad pixel mask
(bpdispl= none) bad pixel display (none|overlay|interpolate)
(bpcolor= red) bad pixel colors
(overlay= ) overlay mask
(ocolors= green) overlay colors
(erase = yes) erase frame
(border_= no) erase unfilled area of window
(select_= yes) display frame being loaded
(repeat = no) repeat previous display parameters
(fill = yes) scale image to fit display window
(zscale = yes) display range of greylevels near median
(contras= 0.25) contrast adjustment for zscale algorithm
(zrange = yes) display full image intensity range
(zmask = ) sample mask
(nsample= 1000) maximum number of sample pixels to use
(xcenter= 0.5) display window horizontal center
(ycenter= 0.5) display window vertical center
(xsize = 1.) display window horizontal size
(ysize = 1.) display window vertical size
(xmag = 1.) display window horizontal magnification
(ymag = 1.) display window vertical magnification
(order = 0) spatial interpolator order (0=replicate, 1=linea
(z1 = ) minimum greylevel to be displayed
(z2 = ) maximum greylevel to be displayed
(ztrans = linear) greylevel transformation (linear|log|none|user)
(lutfile= ) file containing user defined look up table
(mode = ql)
13
:wq
For trimming;
PACKAGE = ccdred
TASK = ccdproc
images = @list List of CCD images to correct
(output = T//@list) List of output CCD images
(ccdtype= ) CCD image type to correct
(max_cac= 0) Maximum image caching memory (in Mbytes)
(noproc = no) List processing steps only?
(fixpix = no) Fix bad CCD lines and columns?
(oversca= no) Apply overscan strip correction?
(trim = yes) Trim the image?
(zerocor= no) Apply zero level correction?
(darkcor= no) Apply dark count correction?
(flatcor= no) Apply flat field correction?
(illumco= no) Apply illumination correction?
(fringec= no) Apply fringe correction?
(readcor= no) Convert zero level image to readout correction?
(scancor= no) Convert flat field image to scan correction?
(readaxi= line) Read out axis (column|line)
(fixfile= ) File describing the bad lines and columns
(biassec= ) Overscan strip image section
(trimsec= [25:999,25:999]) Trim data section
(zero = ) Zero level calibration image
(dark = ) Dark count calibration image
(flat = ) Flat field images
(illum = ) Illumination correction images
(fringe = ) Fringe correction images
(minrepl= 1.) Minimum flat field value
(scantyp= shortscan) Scan type (shortscan|longscan)
(nscan = 1) Number of short scan lines
(interac= no) Fit overscan interactively?
(functio= legendre) Fitting function
(order = 1) Number of polynomial terms or spline pieces
(sample = *) Sample points to fit
14
(naverag= 1) Number of sample points to combine
(niterat= 1) Number of rejection iterations
(low_rej= 3.) Low sigma rejection factor
(high_re= 3.) High sigma rejection factor
(grow = 0.) Rejection growing radius
(mode = ql)
if you want to be “ y ' section to be reamain then [x1:x2,*]
then for apeture photometry small correction:
where in midas if you want use as the terminal for all the commands..
then before command type $...ex:
> $ls
For summing the subexposures images (for the same filter)
Ex:
imageu1.fits 15min }
image u2.fits15min }imageu1.fits45min—
imageu3.fits15min }
The task is
>epar imcombine
PACKAGE = immatch
TASK = imcombine
input = image*.fits List of images to combine* represents all the images with
output = fnbhal.fits List of output images
(combine= sum) Type of combine operation
(rdnoise= 4.8) ccdclip: CCD readout noise (electrons)
(gain = 1.22) ccdclip: CCD gain (electrons/DN)
:go
Others are all by default only change the above darkened.
Note: Change the exposure time in imheader for the output
15
04.Setting observatory
cl>noao
no>epar observatory
PACKAGE = noao
TASK = observatory
command = set Command (set|list|images)
obsid = ARIES Observatory to set, list, or image default
images = List of images
(verbose= yes) Verbose output?
(observa= obspars) Observatory identification
(name = ARIES) Observatory name
(longitu= 280.514) Observatory longitude (degrees)
(latitud= 29.36) Observatory latitude (degrees)
(altitud= 1950.) Observatory altitude (meters)
(timezon= 5.5) Observatory time zone
(mode = ql)
override= obspars Observatory identification
:go
Observatory identification (obspars):
Using observatory parameters from observatory task
# Observatory parameters for ARIES
observatory = obspars
timezone = 5.5
altitude = 1950.
latitude = 29.36
longitude = 280.5140000000001
name = ARIES
16
05. Setting Airmass
for hct one prog has written it is /home/chrisphin/bin/airmass1 this will do by itself.
for that
>noao
>astutil
>asthedit
as> asthedit
Images to be operated upon ( wobject.fits):
File of commands (/home/chrisphin/bin/airmas1):
17.76111111111111
2006.19367569143
2453807.2400463
10.37416111111111
1.12053504889221
then check the imheader;
as> imhead wobject.fits lo+
(in the last row it will join)
LONG = 281.0358
LAT = 32.7795
UT = '17:45:40'
EP = 2006.19367569143
JD = 2453807.2400463
ST = '10:22:26.98'
RAP = '12:27:53.73'
DAP = '44:07:42.71'
HA = 2.09076388888889
AIRMASS = 1.12053504889221
before setting airmass confirm that respective observatory has been set.how to set it is given .
as> setairmass
Input images (csa104*.fits): fn*.fits
# Image UT middle effective begin middle end updated
# SETAIRMASS: Observatory parameters for ARIES
# latitude = 29.36
fn4449a1.fits 18:23:41.0 1.1303 1.1281 1.1303 1.1325 yes
fn4449a2.fits 18:31:14.0 1.1439 1.1393 1.1439 1.1487 yes
17
as> epar setairmass
PACKAGE = astutil
TASK = setairmass
images = nobj* Input images
(observa= obspars) Observatory for images
(intype = beginning) Input keyword time stamp
(outtype= effective) Output airmass time stamp
(ra = ra) Right ascension keyword (hours)
(dec = dec) Declination keyword (degrees)
(equinox= epoch) Equinox keyword (years)
(st = st) Local sidereal time keyword (hours)
(ut = ut) Universal time keyword (hours)
(date = dateobs) Observation date keyword
(exposur= exptime) Exposure time keyword (seconds)
(airmass= airmass) Airmass keyword (output)
(utmiddl= utmiddle) Midobservation UT keyword (output)
(scale = 750.) The atmospheric scale height
(show = yes) Print the airmasses and midUT?
:go
06Basic Reduction
from terminal
>xgterm.fedora&
>ds9&
then from xgterm terminal
chrisphin > cl
NOAO PCIRAF Revision 2.12.2EXPORT Sun Jan 25 16:09:03 MST 2004
This is the EXPORT version of PCIRAF V2.12 supporting most PC systems.
Welcome to IRAF. To list the available commands, type ? or ??. To get
detailed information about a command, type `help command'. To run a
command or load a package, type its name. Type `bye' to exit a
package, or `logout' to get out of the CL. Type `news' to find out
what is new in the version of the system you are using. The following
18
commands or packages are currently defined:
dataio. language. obsolete. softools. tables.
dbms. lists. plot. stsdas. utilities.
images. noao. proto. system.
cl> noao
artdata. digiphot. nobsolete. onedspec.
astcat. focas. nproto. rv.
astrometry. imred. observatory surfphot.
astutil. mtlocal. obsutil. twodspec.
no> im
argus. crutil. echelle. iids. kpnocoude. specred.
bias. ctioslit. generic. irred. kpnoslit. vtel.
ccdred. dtoi. hydra. irs. quadred.
im> cc
badpiximage ccdmask flatcombine mkskyflat
ccdgroups ccdproc mkfringecor setinstrument
ccdhedit ccdtest mkillumcor zerocombine
ccdinstrument combine mkillumflat
ccdlist darkcombine mkskycor
cc> ls
then go to the respective file.
In the upcoming task commands consider only about the darken region others are all default
cc>epar zerocombinefor making master bias
PACKAGE = ccdred
TASK = zerocombine

input = b*.fits List of zero level images to combineall bias images by * mark
(output = mbias.fits) Output zero level name
(combine= median) Type of combine operation
(reject = none) Type of rejection
(ccdtype= ) CCD image type to combine
(process= no) Process images before combining?
(delete = no) Delete input images after combining?
(clobber= no) Clobber existing output image?
(scale = none) Image scaling
(statsec= ) Image section for computing statistics
(nlow = 0) minmax: Number of low pixels to reject
(nhigh = 1) minmax: Number of high pixels to reject
19
(nkeep = 1) Minimum to keep (pos) or maximum to reject (neg)
(mclip = yes) Use median in sigma clipping algorithms?
(lsigma = 3.) Lower sigma clipping factor
(hsigma = 3.) Upper sigma clipping factor
(gain = 10) ccdclip: CCD gain (electrons/DN)
(snoise = 0.) ccdclip: Sensitivity noise (fraction)
(pclip = 0.5) pclip: Percentile clipping parameter
(blank = 0.) Value if there are no pixels
(mode = ql)
(if you are giving type of rejection is avgclip then no need of giving ccd parameters???correct it...this.)
cc> imstat mbias*
IMAGE NPIX MEAN STDDEV MIN MAX
mbias.fits 1048576 1.949 0.9981 3. 7.
mbias1.fits 1048576 1.934 0.8802 2. 6.
(above mbias.fits is the combination of median and ccdclip
mbias1.fits is the combination of median and none)
Jul 26 14:13: IMCOMBINE
combine = median, scale = none, zero = none, weight = none
reject = minmax, nlow = 0, nhigh = 1
blank = 0.
Images
bias1.fits
bias2.fits
bias3.fits
bias4.fits
bias5.fits
bias6.fits
Output image = mbias.fits, ncombine = 6
for substracting master bias from all the images use ccdproc command. or if you wants to do it one by one
then use imarith command
>imarith inputimage – mbias.fits outputimage
>ls *.fits >>list
Just to do all at one time make a list and do at one stroke.
cc>epar ccdproc
PACKAGE = ccdred
20
TASK = ccdproc

images = @list List of CCD images to correct
(output = b//@list) List of output CCD images
(ccdtype= ) CCD image type to correct
(max_cac= 0) Maximum image caching memory (in Mbytes)
(noproc = no) List processing steps only?
(fixpix = no) Fix bad CCD lines and columns?
(oversca= no) Apply overscan strip correction?
(trim = no) Trim the image?
(zerocor= yes) Apply zero level correction?
(darkcor= no) Apply dark count correction?
(flatcor= no) Apply flat field correction?
(illumco= no) Apply illumination correction?
(fringec= no) Apply fringe correction?
(readcor= no) Convert zero level image to readout correction?
(scancor= no) Convert flat field image to scan correction?
(readaxi= line) Read out axis (column|line)
(fixfile= ) File describing the bad lines and columns
(biassec= ) Overscan strip image section
(trimsec= ) Trim data section
(zero = mbias.fits) Zero level calibration image
(dark = ) Dark count calibration image
(flat = ) Flat field images
(illum = ) Illumination correction images
(fringe = ) Fringe correction images
(minrepl= 1.) Minimum flat field value
(scantyp= shortscan) Scan type (shortscan|longscan)
(nscan = 1) Number of short scan lines
(interac= no) Fit overscan interactively?
(functio= legendre) Fitting function
(order = 1) Number of polynomial terms or spline pieces
(sample = *) Sample points to fit
(naverag= 1) Number of sample points to combine
(niterat= 1) Number of rejection iterations
(low_rej= 3.) Low sigma rejection factor
(high_re= 3.) High sigma rejection factor
(grow = 0.) Rejection growing radius
(mode = ql)
:go
21
then running as...
sa104b07.fits: Jul 26 14:43 Zero level correction image is mbias.fits
sa104r01.fits: Jul 26 14:43 Zero level correction image is mbias.fits
then the result will come with substracted with the name of b<filename>.fits.
ex: bobject_r1.fits
now the images are all bias substracted...from master bias.fits.
cc> epar flatcombinedo it for same filter images alone in one for flat combine using this
PACKAGE = ccdred
TASK = flatcombine
input = bflat_r* List of flat field images to combinebias subtracted all flat images of one
particular filter
(output = mfl_r.fits) Output flat field root name
(reject = avsigclip) Type of rejection
(ccdtype= ) CCD image type to combine
(process= no) Process images before combining?
(subsets= no) Combine images by subset parameter?
(delete = no) Delete input images after combining?
(clobber= no) Clobber existing output image?
(scale = mode) Image scaling
(statsec= ) Image section for computing statistics
(nlow = 1) minmax: Number of low pixels to reject
(nhigh = 1) minmax: Number of high pixels to reject
(nkeep = 1) Minimum to keep (pos) or maximum to reject (neg)
(mclip = yes) Use median in sigma clipping algorithms?
(lsigma = 3.) Lower sigma clipping factor
(hsigma = 3.) Upper sigma clipping factor
(gain = 10) ccdclip: CCD gain (electrons/DN)
(snoise = 0.) ccdclip: Sensitivity noise (fraction)
(pclip = 0.5) pclip: Percentile clipping parameter
(blank = 1.) Value if there are no pixels
(mode = ql)
;go
Jul 26 14:57: IMCOMBINE
22
combine = median, scale = mode, zero = none, weight = none
reject = avsigclip, mclip = yes, nkeep = 1
lsigma = 3., hsigma = 3.
blank = 1.
Images Exp Mode Scale
bflata1.fits 200.0 2408. 2.217
bflata2.fits 200.0 7314. 0.730
bflata3.fits 70.0 6295. 0.848
Output image = mfla.fits, ncombine = 3
like that do it individually for all the different filters.
For normalisation:
cc> imstat mfl_r.fits
# IMAGE NPIX MEAN STDDEV MIN MAX
mfla.fits 1048576 5411. 173.7 1.957 8428.
cc> imarith mfl_r.fits / 5411. nfl_r.fits
(like that do it for other filter.)
cc> imarith bobject_r1.fits / nfl_r.fits nobject_r1.fits
(like that do it for all with respect to their filter flat)
cc>ls bn* >list2
cc> imarith @list2 / nflr.fits f//@list2
Hint: Repalcing bad pixel
cc>epar imreplace
PACKAGE = imutil
TASK = imreplace
images = bflat_r* Images to be edited
value = 1. Replacement pixel value
(imagina= 0.) Imaginary component for complex
(lower = 0.) Lower limit of replacement window
(upper = INDEF) Upper limit of replacement window
(radius = 0.) Replacement radius
23
(mode = ql)
:go
OR –if you wants to replace particular portion open the image and note down the that particular
coordinates
replacing bad pixel...........
cc> disp test_5430.fits 1
z1=1.380593 z2=1.359507
cc>imreplace test_5430.fits[1051:1055,955:959] 3.5
cc>epar imreplace
PACKAGE = imutil
TASK = imreplace
images = test_5430.fits[1051:1055,955:959] Images to be edited
value = 3.5 Replacement pixel value
(imagina= 0.) Imaginary component for complex
(lower = INDEF) Lower limit of replacement window
(upper = INDEF) Upper limit of replacement window
(radius = 0.) Replacement radius
(mode = ql)
24
07Alignment
first display the respective frame....in ds9.alway stry to choose the red filter frame as are reference
one.
cc> disp nobject_r1.fits
frame to be written into (1:16) (2):1
z1=1.951634 z2=15.75021
to create an file type :
cc> epar imexam
PACKAGE = tv
TASK = imexamine

input = nobject_r1.fits images to be examined
(output = ) output root image name
(ncoutpu= 101) Number of columns in image output
(nloutpu= 101) Number of lines in image output
frame = 1 display frame
image = image name
(logfile= al.co) logfile
(keeplog= yes) log output results
:go
Log file al.co open
Then in image selct some number of stars by placing 'cursor 'in the middle of a star and press 'a' ....
it will give the details of stars in xgterm.
the peak value should be within the range of 100028,000. The 28,000 value is with respect to our
aries.then “q”
cc>emacs al.co
then delete all other parameter except (the darken region) colum and line cordinates.
# [1] nobject_r1.fits hz44
# COL LINE COORDINATES R MAG FLUX SKY PEAK E PA BETA ENCLOSED MOFFAT DIRECT
282.88 393.49 282.88 393.49 9.88 15.82 4713. 5.721 318.2 0.20 88 4.08 3.26 3.27 3.29
286.26 438.66 286.26 438.66 10.73 17.45 1044. 5.796 61.75 0.11 39 6.84 3.04 4.01 3.60
420.94 550.00 420.94 550.00 10.52 12.95 66003. 6.676 4326. 0.26 88 3.00 3.13 3.50 3.50
462.09 658.93 462.09 658.93 10.43 15.96 4136. 5.934 259. 0.03 79 3.00 3.11 3.48 3.48
507.39 741.35 507.39 741.35 11.09 16.68 2137. 6.053 134.1 0.10 57 13.0 3.25 3.57 3.72
601.68 613.98 601.68 613.98 11.82 17.62 898.9 5.984 48.34 0.17 67 12.0 3.56 4.00 3.97
25
then it becomes
282.88 393.49
286.26 438.66
420.94 550.00
462.09 658.93
507.39 741.35
601.68 613.98
then save it and close come out.
then display the another frame which is going to be aligned wrt reference.
cc> display nobject_r2.fits 2
z1=0.9973257 z2=15.23859
cc> tvmark
Default frame number for display (:16) (2):
Input coordinate list (al.co):
cc> imexam
Log file al.co open
then selct the respective stars in order.

then quit from the image
cc> emacs al.co
then the emacs will open like
282.88 393.49
286.26 438.66
420.94 550.00
462.09 658.93
507.39 741.36
601.68 613.98
# [1] nobject_r1.fits hz44
# COL LINE COORDINATES R MAG FLUX SKY PEAK E PA BETA ENCLOSED MOFFAT DIRECT
283.33 396.57 283.33 396.57 10.60 15.85 4571. 5.693 303.9 0.21 87 3.00 3.07 3.53 3.53
286.75 441.81 286.75 441.81 11.76 17.64 881.7 5.672 58.21 0.77 27 10.4 3.22 3.79 3.95
421.38 553.07 421.38 553.07 10.65 12.95 65882. 5.804 4333. 0.26 88 22.4 3.11 3.55 3.56
462.56 662.05 462.56 662.05 11.02 16.02 3906. 5.856 248.3 0.43 79 24.3 3.25 3.65 3.67
507.83 744.34 507.83 744.34 10.76 16.75 1994. 6.031 138.5 0.32 75 12.4 3.10 3.48 3.60
602.13 617.12 602.13 617.12 10.66 17.83 735.4 5.956 52.11 52.6 78 5.65 3.11 3.52 3.54
then delete the unwanted make it like the bottom one.....(by taking only the darkened part shown
above)
26
282.88 393.49 283.33 396.57
286.26 438.66 286.75 441.81
420.94 550.00 421.38 553.07
462.09 658.93 462.56 662.05
507.39 741.36 507.83 744.34
601.68 613.98 602.13 617.12
and save it.
For cut> (ctrl+x) + rk
For paste >(ctrl+x) + ry
cc> epar geomap
PACKAGE = immatch
TASK = geomap

input = al.co The input coordinate files
database= al.co_db The output database file
xmin = 1. Minimum x reference coordinate value
xmax = 1024. Maximum x reference coordinate value
ymin = 1. Minimum y reference coordinate value
ymax = 1024. Maximum y reference coordinate value
(interac= no) Fit transformation interactively ?
:go
Coordinate list: al.co Transform: al.co
Results file: tobject_r2.fits
Coordinate mapping status
X fit ok. Y fit ok.
Xin and Yin fit rms: 0.01747025 0.04828498
Coordinate mapping parameters
Mean Xref and Yref: 426.8733 566.07
Mean Xin and Yin: 427.33 569.16
X and Y shift: 0.4870407 3.221664 (xin yin)
X and Y scale: 0.9999283 0.9994867 (xin / xref yin / yref)
X and Y axis rotation: 359.979 0.000 (degrees degrees)
cc> epar geotran
PACKAGE = immatch
TASK = geotran
27

input = nobject_r2.fits Input data
output = aobject_r2.fits Output data
database= al.co_db Name of GEOMAP database file
transfor= al.co Names of coordinate transforms in database file
Transforming image nobject_r2.fits to image aobject_r2.fits
Using transform al.co in database al.co_db
THAT IS IT HAVE FUN.
PACKAGE = tv
TASK = tvmark
frame = 1 Default frame number for display
coords = al.co Input coordinate list
(logfile= ) Output log file
(autolog= no) Automatically log each marking command
(outimag= ) Output snapped image
(deletio= ) Output coordinate deletions list
(command= ) Image cursor: [x y wcs] key [cmd]
(mark = circle) The mark type
(radii = 0) Radii in image pixels of concentric circles
(lengths= 0) Lengths and width in image pixels of concentric
(font = raster) Default font
(color = 255) Gray level of marks to be drawn
(label = no) Label the marked coordinates
(number = yes) Number the marked coordinates
(nxoffse= 0) X offset in display pixels of number
(nyoffse= 0) Y offset in display pixels of number
(pointsi= 3) Size of mark type point in display pixels
More
after alignment check by displaying all the images into different frames.
then pressing center in the ds9 display.(then only everthing will be according to centre it will
display)
28
08Cosmic ray reduction through MIDAS
Go to the respective file.where the reducing fits files contains.
chrisphin>inmidas
ESOMIDAS version 06FEBpl1.0 on PC/Linux
Midas 015>
Midas 015> set/con daophotonly once at the time of starting
***** DAOPHOT application package version April 1991 enabled *****
commands available:
ALLSTAR/DAOPHOT Do simultaneous multipleprofilefitting
DAOPHOT/DAOPHOT Do stellar photometry in 2dimensional images
DAOMID/DAOPHOT Convert DAOPHOT tables to MIDAS tables
MIDDAO/DAOPHOT Convert MIDAS tables to DAOPHOT tables
Midas 016> indisk/fits aobjectr_1.fits aobject_r1.bdf
no CDELTi nor CDi_j matrix found... STEPi set to 1.0
FITS file: tfbn4449b1.fits converted to: tfbn4449b1.bdf
(Midas 020> help fil/cosmic
FILTER/COSMIC )
Midas 021> daophot
Revised version

W A R N I N G
This version of DAOPHOT can be used for frames with a maximum
size of 4100 * 4100 (= 16810000) pixels. In case your frame is
larger than this value, DAOPHOT will not be able to process it.
In such case, please contact your local MIDAS support person.

READ NOISE (ADU; 1 frame) = 5.00 GAIN (e/ADU; 1 frame) = 10.00
OW GOOD DATUM (in sigmas) = 7.00 HIGH GOOD DATUM (in ADU) = 30000.00
FWHM OF OBJECT = 2.50 THRESHOLD (in sigmas) = 4.00
LS (LOW SHARPNESS CUTOFF) = 0.20 HS (HIGH SHARPNESS CUTOFF) = 1.00
LR (LOW ROUNDNESS CUTOFF) = 1.00 HR (HIGH ROUNDNESS CUTOFF) = 1.00
29
WATCH PROGRESS = 1.00 FITTING RADIUS = 2.00
PSF RADIUS = 15.00 VARIABLE PSF = 0.00
FRACTIONALPIXEL EXPANSION = 0.00 ANALYTIC MODEL PSF = 1.00
EXTRA PSF CLEANING PASSES = 5.00 PERCENT ERROR (in %) = 0.75
PROFILE ERROR (in %) = 5.00
Command: at aobject_r1
ngc 4449
Picture size: 1024 1024
Command:sky
Approximate sky value for this frame = 111.2
Standard deviation of sky brightness = 3.58

Command: exit
(0.53=5.3/10 ie...readout noise in ADU.)
Midas 025> fil/cosmic aobject_r1.bdf cobject_r1.bdf 111.2,10,0.53,4,2
(fil/cosmic aobject_r1.bdf cobject_r1.bdf skyvalue,Gain,Readout Noise/Gain,4,2 )
Beginning of the median filter
we process frame in 2 chunks ...
expanding frame Th, 18 May 2006 14:37:08
working on chunk 1 Th, 18 May 2006 14:37:09
Beginning of the cosmic rays removal
Midas 026> outdisk/fits cobject_r1.bdf cobject_r1.fits
FITS file cfbn4449b1.fits will have 1 extensions
cfbn4449b1.bdf written to FITS file cfbn4449b1.fits

( To check whether mistakenly some stars are deleted are not.This mask.fits give only the removed
part...so from that by plotting Intensity profile (pressing 's'from Ds9)
we can easily find out)
Midas 027> fil/cosmic aobject_r1.bdf cobject_r1.bdf 111.2,10,0.53,4,2 mask.bdf
Beginning of the median filter
we process frame in 2 chunks ...
expanding frame Th, 18 May 2006 14:38:03
30
Beginning of the cosmic rays removal
Midas 028> outdisk/fits mask.bdf mask.fits
FITS file mask.fits will have 1 extensions
mask.bdf written to FITS file mask.fits
Hints:
For getting help
Midas 020> help fil/cosmic FILTER/COSMIC )
While staring for the next one no need to type again
>set/con daophot
Instead directly start from indisk/fits ......................
Problem in midas:
Midas 016> indisk/fits TAfe34_a2.fits TAfe34_a2.bdf
Warning: <COMMENT1> of invalid type not stored
Warning: <COMMENTX> of invalid type not stored
rotlong = 6.283185, rotlat = 0.000000 axes not orthogonal!
FITS file: TAfe34_a2.fits converted to: Tafe34_a2.bdf
Midas 018> help fil/cosmic
FILTER/COSMIC 21NOV1991 PM,MR
Purpose:
Remove cosmic ray events on a single CCD image and replace
them by a local median value.
Syntax:
FILTER/COSMIC inframe outframe sky,gain,ron,[ns,rc] [mask]
inframe = raw input frame
outframe = output frame
sky,gain,ron,ns,rc = sky level (sky), inverse gain factor (e/ADU)
(gain), readoutnoise (in ADU) (ron), threshold for the
detection of cosmic rays (ns), and critical ratio for
discrimination of objects and cosmic rays (rc).
The detection threshold is in units of the theoretical noise
sigma of each pixel; it's default value is 4. The default for
`rc' is 2.
31
mask = name of an optional frame containing the value 1 for cosmic
rays and 0 for all other pixels.
Note:
a) The algorithm works as follows:
1. The input image is filtered in the following way:
FILTER/MEDIAN inframe middumma 1,1,0.0 NA
For LongSlit spectra of extended sources, the algorithm may be
hit return to continue, 'q' + return to quit Midas 018> help fil/cosmic
FILTER/COSMIC 21NOV1991 PM,MR
Purpose:
Remove cosmic ray events on a single CCD image and replace
them by a local median value.
Syntax:
FILTER/COSMIC inframe outframe sky,gain,ron,[ns,rc] [mask]
inframe = raw input frame
outframe = output frame
sky,gain,ron,ns,rc = sky level (sky), inverse gain factor (e/ADU)
(gain), readoutnoise (in ADU) (ron), threshold for the
detection of cosmic rays (ns), and critical ratio for
discrimination of objects and cosmic rays (rc).
The detection threshold is in units of the theoretical noise
sigma of each pixel; it's default value is 4. The default for
`rc' is 2.
mask = name of an optional frame containing the value 1 for cosmic
rays and 0 for all other pixels.
Note:
a) The algorithm works as follows:
1. The input image is filtered in the following way:
FILTER/MEDIAN inframe middumma 1,1,0.0 NA
For LongSlit spectra of extended sources, the algorithm may be
more efficient if the median filter works only along the slit.
2. The input image is compared with the filtered image. All pixels
with an intensity I greater than Im+ns*sigma are suspicious and
may be cosmic rays (Im is the filtered intensity of a pixel and
sigma is given by: sigma**2 = ron**2+I/gain).
32
3. All suspicious pixels are grouped into sets of contiguous points.
In each of these sets, the pixel with the maximum intensity Imax is
selected. If (Imaxsky) is greater than rc*(Iaversky), Iaver being
an average of the intensities of the first eight neighbours of that
pixel, the whole set of points is considered as a cosmic ray event.
4. The intensities of the pixels affected by cosmic rays are
replaced by a median value calculated over the nearest neighbours of
the group to which they belong.
b) In many situations, rc is the most critical parameter and requires
careful finetuning. If it is choosen too small, small sources such
as stars may be affected. If rc is too large, the filter may not
remove weak partical hits superimposed to reasonably well exposed
extended sources.
See also:
FILTER/MEDIAN
Examples:
FILTER/COSMIC ccd ccdclean 150,1,4,4,2.3 cosmask
Apply cosmic filtering to image `ccd.bdf' and store result frame
hit return to continue, 'q' + return to quit as `ccdclean.bdf';
save a 0/1 mask in `cosmask.bdf'.
Midas 019> FILTER/COSMIC 21NOV1991
PM,MR
Enter SKY,G,RON,NS,RC:
33
09Cosmic ray reduction through IRAF
cc> disp aobject_r1.fits
z1=102.8171 z2=133.1152
cc> imexam
Then in Ds 9 image select isolated field and press 'm'
cc> imexam (sky)
# SECTION NPIX MEAN MEDIAN STDDEV MIN MAX
[684:688,774:778] 25 109.7 110. 1.995 106.3 113.8
[112:116,382:386] 25 112.7 112.8 2.597 108.5 117.1
[244:248,210:214] 25 111.5 111.6 2.64 106. 116.7
[276:280,114:118] 25 111.7 111.6 1.704 108.7 115.1
[390:394,72:76] 25 110.4 110.5 2.229 104.2 114.3
[768:772,118:122] 25 110.2 110. 2.837 105.4 118.1
[906:910,148:152] 25 110.4 110.4 3.277 104.8 117.3
[960:964,638:642] 25 109.7 109.1 1.615 107.2 112.3
[908:912,866:870] 25 109.5 109.6 2.201 104.4 113.9
[44:48,832:836] 25 112.5 112.8 1.708 109.1 115.2
cc> crutil
cosmicrays crcombine crfix crmedian
craverage credit crgrow crnebula
cr> epar cosmic
input = aobject_b1.fits List of images in which to detect cosmic rays
output = ctobject_b1.fits List of cosmic ray replaced output images (optio
(crmasks= ) List of bad pixel masks (optional)
(thresho= 11.) Detection threshold above mean
:go
aobject_b1.fits Review parameters for a particular image? (no|yes|NO|YES) (yes): yes
Then the figure will come.
* here the threshold is mean of standard deviation multiply with 5.here it is 2.2*5=11
then the figure will come place the cursor over any particular point and press "s"
then the plot will come.
1.if the plot is so sharp (peak) then it must be cosmic ray.
34
1.if it is blended (following gaussian distribution)....then it is a star.
press "s"
see the plotting
come back by pressing "s"
then delete "d"
for undelete “u”
then for quit “q”
also flux ratio also important.
this is nothing but.....the ratio between the cosmic ray flux and sky flux ....normally this value ....

10Apeture Photometry
first make a coordinate file by selecting 10 or 15 stars....here i have selected first 5standard
stars..then 3 faint stars..and made a file in the name of ' co ' like that.
>epar imexam
(logfile= co) logfile
(keeplog= yes) log output results
:go
log file open
(Now select the stars ...it will be in the file named ' co ' )
>imexam
SA 104MEAN OF MEAN OF
FWHM(Direct)STD DEV
(for the five standard stars)(for the darken region)
(by pressing 'a')(by pressing 'm')
r01 3.4 2.6
like that for each frame find out the value through imexam command.and make a note of it .
cl> noao
artdata. digiphot. mtlocal. observatory surfphot.
astrometry. focas. nobsolete. onedspec. twodspec.
astutil. imred. nproto. rv.
no> digi
apphot. daophot. photcal. ptools.
di> daophot
35
addstar daotest nstar pexamine psf
allstar datapars@ pcalc pfmerge psort
centerpars@ findpars@ pconcat phot pstselect
daoedit fitskypars@ pconvert photpars@ seepsf
daofind group pdump prenumber setimpars
daopars@ grpselect peak pselect substar
da> epar phot
PACKAGE = apphot
TASK = phot
image = cobject_r1.fits The input image(s)
skyfile = The input sky file(s)
(coords = co) The input coordinate files(s) (default: image.coo.?)
(output = default) The output photometry file(s) (default: image.mag.?)
(plotfil= ) The output plots metacode file
(datapar= ) Data dependent parameters
(centerp= ) Centering parameters
(fitskyp= ) Sky fitting parameters
(photpar= ) Photometry parameters
(interac= no) Interactive mode ?
in the above darken region place the cursor and type :e Then for datapar
da> epar phot
PACKAGE = daophot
TASK = datapars

(scale = 1.) Image scale in units per pixel
(fwhmpsf= 3.74) FWHM of the PSF in scale units
(emissio= yes) Features are positive ?
(sigma = 0.0015) Standard deviation of background in countssigma value
(datamin= 0.2375) Minimum good data valuesky5*sigma
(datamax= 28000.) Maximum good data valueSaturation level ...
(noise = poisson) Noise model
(ccdread= ) CCD readout noise image header keyword
36
(gain = ) CCD gain image header keyword
(readnoi= 5.3) CCD readout noise in electrons
(epadu = 10.) Gain in electrons per count
(exposur= ) Exposure time image header keyword
(airmass= ) Airmass image header keyword
(filter = ) Filter image header keyword
(obstime= ) Time of observation image header keyword
(itime = 1.) Exposure time
(xairmas= INDEF) Airmass
:q
PACKAGE = daophot
TASK = centerpars
(calgori= none) Centering algorithm
(cbox = 6.44) Centering box width in scale units2*3.74 ie..2*FWHM
(cthresh= 0.) Centering threshold in sigma above background
(minsnra= 1.) Minimum signaltonoise ratio for centering algo
(cmaxite= 10) Maximum iterations for centering algorithm
(maxshif= 1.) Maximum center shift in scale units
(clean = no) Symmetry clean before centering
(rclean = 1.) Cleaning radius in scale units
(rclip = 2.) Clipping radius in scale units
(kclean = 3.) Ksigma rejection criterion in skysigma
(mkcente= no) Mark the computed center
(mode = ql)
:q

PACKAGE = daophot
TASK = fitskypars
(salgori= mode) Sky fitting algorithmconstantfor knots.default for others.
(annulus= 12.88) Inner radius of sky annulus in scale units—4 to 5times FWHM for stars
(dannulu= 5) Width of sky annulus in scale units5(interm of pixel i think)for stars
(skyvalu= 0.) User sky value
(smaxite= 10) Maximum number of sky fitting iterations
(sloclip= 0.) Lower clipping factor in percent
(shiclip= 0.) Upper clipping factor in percent
37
(snrejec= 50) Maximum number of sky fitting rejection iteratio
(sloreje= 3.) Lower Ksigma rejection limit in sky sigma
(shireje= 3.) Upper Ksigma rejection limit in sky sigma
(khist = 3.) Half width of histogram in sky sigma
(binsize= 0.1) Binsize of histogram in sky sigma
(smooth = no) Boxcar smooth the histogram
(rgrow = 0.) Region growing radius in scale units
(mksky = no) Mark sky annuli on the display
(mode = ql)
What? choose: |median|mode|centroid|gauss|crosscor|ofilter|histplot|radplot|co ESC? for HELP
nstant|file|mean|
then for the knots....it differs...(only for fitskypars)..only this fitskypars nothing else.
PACKAGE = daophot
TASK = fitskypars
(salgori= constant) Sky fitting algorithm
(annulus= 0.) Inner radius of sky annulus in scale unitsfor knots
(dannulu= 0.) Width of sky annulus in scale unitsfor knots
(skyvalu= 0.15) User sky value
(smaxite= 10) Maximum number of sky fitting iterations
(sloclip= 0.) Lower clipping factor in percent
(shiclip= 0.) Upper clipping factor in percent
(snrejec= 50) Maximum number of sky fitting rejection iterations
(sloreje= 3.) Lower Ksigma rejection limit in sky sigma
(shireje= 3.) Upper Ksigma rejection limit in sky sigma
(khist = 3.) Half width of histogram in sky sigma
(binsize= 0.1) Binsize of histogram in sky sigma
(smooth = no) Boxcar smooth the histogram
(rgrow = 0.) Region growing radius in scale units
(mksky = no) Mark sky annuli on the display
(mode = ql)
:q
da> disp zs zr z1=.1 z2=1
38
image to be displayed (nca_sr.fits):
z1=0.1 z2=1.
While doing aperture for knots check from the
1.vector plot(wher vector plot shows the total diameter ..but take only the radius)
2.from the fluxfluctuationn in the flux....sudden rise and fall on the flux.
3.from magnitude error.
PACKAGE = apphot
TASK = photpars
(weighti= constant) Photometric weighting scheme for wphot
(apertur= 10:20:.5) List of aperture radii in scale units(2FWHM:4FWHM:Interval)
(zmag = 25.) Zero point of magnitude scale (start:end:interval)
(mkapert= no) Draw apertures on the display
(mode = ql)
Darken region explains :10—initial(FWHM)...20final radius(4FWHM)..5interval
:q
then from the main....phot pakage
:go
Centering algorithm (centroid) (CR or value): (just type enter for all )
New centering algorithm: centroid
Centering box width in scale units (5.) (CR or value):
New centering box width: 5. scale units 5. pixels
Sky fitting algorithm (centroid) (CR or value):
Sky fitting algorithm: centroid
Inner radius of sky annulus in scale units (20.) (CR or value):
New inner radius of sky annulus: 20. scale units 20. pixels
Width of the sky annulus in scale units (10.) (CR or value):
New width of the sky annulus: 10. scale units 10. pixels
File/list of aperture radii in scale units (10:20:.5) (CR or value):
Aperture radius 1: 10. scale units 10. pixels
Aperture radius 2: 10.5 scale units 10.5 pixels
39
Standard deviation of background in counts (1.3) (CR or value):
New standard deviation of background: 1.3 counts
Minimum good data value (INDEF) (CR or value):
New minimum good data value: INDEF counts
Maximum good data value (28000.) (CR or value):
New maximum good data value: 28000. counts
then it has been created one file as cobject_r1.fits.mag.1 by default.
open and check it for which aperture it has constant value.and take that aperture value
(example:19) put it into the coming ...
>!vi cobject_r1.fits.mag.1
csa104b04.fits 351.540 867.290 1 co 1 \
351.575 867.344 0.035 0.054 0.015 0.019 0 NoError \
40.63198 1.279863 0.4462133 1562 9 0 NoError \
1. INDEF INDEF INDEF \
10.00 21848.62 314.3839 9074.581 15.105 0.012 0 NoError *\
10.50 23208.14 346.9878 9109.336 15.101 0.012 0 NoError *\
11.00 24588.55 380.2554 9138.025 15.098 0.012 0 NoError *\
"
"
17.50 48452.44 962.6317 9338.808 15.074 0.013 0 NoError *\
18.00 50711.02 1017.86 9353.36 15.073 0.013 0 NoError *\
18.50 53070.39 1075.453 9372.596 15.070 0.013 0 NoError *\
19.00 55497.81 1134.713 9392.172 15.068 0.013 0 NoError *\
19.50 57950.38 1194.741 9405.702 15.068 0.013 0 NoError *\
here you can see the the difference in 19th aperture onwards (darken region)become constant. it
means that the star is ending and sky is starting.that is the value we want.
Hint:if the output somewhare gives INDEF and BAD PIXELS..then reduce the DATAMIN value ..
yet..now giving the output it will be fine.

ap> epar phot
40
then place that value in .....photmetry prameters...then execute new file has been created.
(weighti= constant) Photometric weighting scheme for wphot
(apertur= 19) List of aperture radii in scale units
(zmag = 25.) Zero point of magnitude scale
(mkapert= no) Draw apertures on the display
(mode = ql)
:q
:go
After that simply type enter …..enter
Centering algorithm (centroid) (CR or value):
New centering algorithm: centroid
Centering box width in scale units (5.) (CR or value):
New centering box width: 5. scale units 5. pixels
Sky fitting algorithm (centroid) (CR or value):
Sky fitting algorithm: centroid
Inner radius of sky annulus in scale units (20.) (CR or value):
New inner radius of sky annulus: 20. scale units 20. pixels
Width of the sky annulus in scale units (10.) (CR or value):
New width of the sky annulus: 10. scale units 10. pixels
File/list of aperture radii in scale units (19) (CR or value):
Standard deviation of background in counts (1.3) (CR or value):
New standard deviation of background: 1.3 counts
Minimum good data value (INDEF) (CR or value):
New minimum good data value: INDEF counts
Maximum good data value (28000.) (CR or value):
New maximum good data value: 28000. count
new file name as...... cobject_r1.fits.mag.2
Now all the frames with the extension of .mag.2 is last one.collect all the file like this and edit it
make one file like ' mag ' with only needed parameters instead of all.
through the command...
ap>epar txdump
PACKAGE = apphot
TASK = txdump
textfile= *.mag.2 Input apphot/daophot text database(s)
fields = ID,XCENTER,YCENTER,MAG,MERR,IMAGE,RAPERT,FLUX Fields to be extracted
expr = yes Boolean expression for record selection
(headers= no) Print the field headers ?
41
(paramet= yes) Print the parameters if headers is yes ?
(mode = ql) Mode of task
ap> txdump >mag
Input apphot/daophot text database(s) (*.mag.2):
Fields to be extracted (ID,XCENTER,YCENTER,MAG,MERR,IMAGE,AIRMASS):
Boolean expression for record selection (yes):
ap> vi mag
1 351.556 867.093 14.467 0.011 csa104r01.fits 1.1434
2 364.319 688.529 12.815 0.004 csa104r01.fits 1.1434
3 401.578 604.448 13.608 0.007 csa104r01.fits 1.1434
(then the file is look like above mentioned where the last one is AIRMASShere airmass included
after that manually)
Then open the terminal go to that file.
cosmic > emacs mag& (this & symbol allowed to open two emacs windows )
[3] 6794
1 351.529 867.175 14.850 0.015 csa104b02.fits 1.1467
2 364.414 688.483 12.978 0.005 csa104b02.fits 1.1467
3 401.631 604.402 14.223 0.009 csa104b02.fits 1.1467
4 511.751 492.538 15.646 0.025 csa104b02.fits 1.1467
5 263.457 436.599 15.279 0.019 csa104b02.fits 1.1467
6 855.151 553.466 INDEF INDEF csa104b02.fits 1.1467
7 943.576 663.904 11.166 0.002 csa104b02.fits 1.1467
8 612.870 812.539 14.962 0.016 csa104b02.fits 1.1467
9 745.028 914.030 14.606 0.013 csa104b02.fits 1.1467
10 844.448 691.592 15.543 0.024 csa104b02.fits 1.1467
1 351.498 868.058 15.001 0.013 csa104b03.fits 1.5842
2 364.394 689.294 13.147 0.005 csa104b03.fits 1.5842
3 401.589 605.307 14.345 0.009 csa104b03.fits 1.5842
4 511.650 493.542 15.734 0.019 csa104b03.fits 1.5842
""""" """" """"" """""" '''''
cosmic > emacs magb1&
[4] 6795
1 14.850 0.015 csa104b02.fits 1.1467
1 15.001 0.013 csa104b03.fits 1.5842
1 15.068 0.013 csa104b04.fits 1.7020
1 15.217 0.014 csa104b05.fits 1.8460
1 15.410 0.017 csa104b06.fits 2.0781
1 15.478 0.019 csa104b07.fits 2.2980
(like this open two emacs and from the main (mag) take only the one particular star one
42
particular filter all frames(magb1)as shown above.
or the simple command is from the terminal go to the respective file and type ......
cosmic > awk '{if($1==2) print ($1,$4,$5,$6,$7)}' mag
2 12.978 0.005 csa104b02.fits 1.1467
2 13.147 0.005 csa104b03.fits 1.5842
2 13.232 0.005 csa104b04.fits 1.7020
2 13.349 0.005 csa104b05.fits 1.8460
2 13.512 0.006 csa104b06.fits 2.0781
2 13.620 0.006 csa104b07.fits 2.2980
2 12.815 0.004 csa104r01.fits 1.1434
2 12.813 0.004 csa104r02.fits 1.1541
2 12.897 0.004 csa104r03.fits 1.5146
2 12.930 0.004 csa104r04.fits 1.6622
2 13.133 0.005 csa104r05.fits 1.7988
2 13.168 0.005 csa104r06.fits 1.9445
2 13.226 0.005 csa104r07.fits 2.2243
2 12.568 0.004 csa104v01.fits 1.1416
2 12.568 0.004 csa104v02.fits 1.1505
2 13.366 0.005 csa104v03.fits 1.5406
2 12.776 0.004 csa104v04.fits 1.7619
2 12.889 0.004 csa104v05.fits 1.9012
2 12.960 0.004 csa104v06.fits 2.1544
2 13.017 0.005 csa104v07.fits 2.3898
then it will list out the 2nd stars of all the frames and filter.as shown above.then
cosmic > emacs magb2&
[1] 10224
cosmic > emacs magv2&
[2] 10225
[1] Done emacs magb2
cosmic > emacs magr2&
[3] 10226
[2] Done emacs magv2
copy and paste the respective files.into this.
then plotting the graph through the terminal and get the cofficient
This gnuplot type from the terminal where you wants to work
cosmic > gnuplot
G N U P L O T
Version 4.0 patchlevel 0
last modified Thu Apr 15 14:44:22 CEST 2004
System: Linux 2.6.91.667smp
43
Copyright (C) 1986 1993, 1998, 2004
Thomas Williams, Colin Kelley and many others
This is gnuplot version 4.0. Please refer to the documentation
for command syntax changes. The old syntax will be accepted
throughout the 4.0 series, but all save files use the new syntax.
Type `help` to access the online reference manual.
The gnuplot FAQ is available from
http://www.gnuplot.info/faq/
Send comments and requests for help to
<gnuplotinfo@lists.sourceforge.net>
Send bugs, suggestions and mods to
<gnuplotbugs@lists.sourceforge.net>
Terminal type set to 'x11'
After inside the gnuplot if you want to list out the files to see then type
gnuplot>!ls
gnuplot>plot " magv1" u 5:2 plot”datafile”using coloum no in x:y
then the plotted graph will come.using the data magv1 colum no: 5 in x axis and colum no 2 in
yaxis.nothing but in the x axis AIRMASS in yaxis MAGNITUDE
For saving the plot
gnuplot>set term post
gnuplot>set output “filename.ps”
gnuplot>pl “data_filename”
gnuplot> y(x)=m*x+c
gnuplot> fit y(x) "magv1" u 5:2 via m,c
then in the terminal details will come .
Iteration 0
WSSR : 835.669 delta(WSSR)/WSSR : 0
delta(WSSR) : 0 limit for stopping : 1e05
lambda : 1.4634
initial set of free parameter values
m = 1
c = 1
/
44
Iteration 1
WSSR : 37.2229 delta(WSSR)/WSSR : 21.4504
delta(WSSR) : 798.446 limit for stopping : 1e05
lambda : 0.14634
resultant parameter values
m = 4.82373
c = 4.76338
/
Iteration 2
lambda : 0.014634
m = 0.671102
c = 13.3427
/
Iteration 3
lambda : 0.0014634
m = 0.361653
c = 13.9148
/
Iteration 4
WSSR : 0.00507835 delta(WSSR)/WSSR : 1.21954e05
delta(WSSR) : 6.19328e08 limit for stopping : 1e05
lambda : 0.00014634
45
m = 0.361441
c = 13.9152
**/
Iteration 5
WSSR : 0.00507835 delta(WSSR)/WSSR : 6.83184e16
delta(WSSR) : 3.46945e18 limit for stopping : 1e05
lambda : 0.0014634
m = 0.361441
c = 13.9152
After 5 iterations the fit converged.
final sum of squares of residuals : 0.00507835
rel. change during last iteration : 6.83184e16
degrees of freedom (ndf) : 4
rms of residuals (stdfit) = sqrt(WSSR/ndf) : 0.0356313
variance of residuals (reduced chisquare) = WSSR/ndf : 0.00126959
Final set of parameters Asymptotic Standard Error
======================= ==========================
m = 0.361441 +/ 0.03095 (8.563%) (here this is the coefficient)
c = 13.9152 +/ 0.05608 (0.403%)
correlation matrix of the fit parameters:
m c
m 1.000
c 0.966 1.000
gnuplot> replot y(x)
then it will plot the line over the graph.
if the plot is not good ......the percentage of error is too much then put the # mark infront of the star
details.like...below then you can see the percentage of error will be less now.
46
1 14.324 0.011 csa104v01.fits 1.1416
1 14.337 0.011 csa104v02.fits 1.1505
#1 15.183 0.014 csa104v03.fits 1.5406
1 14.508 0.011 csa104v04.fits 1.7619
1 14.637 0.011 csa104v05.fits 1.9012
1 14.728 0.013 csa104v06.fits 2.1544
1 14.752 0.012 csa104v07.fits 2.3898
*******************************************************************************
Fri Aug 4 15:50:26 2006
FIT: data read from "magv1" u 5:2
#datapoints = 6
residuals are weighted equally (unit weight)
function used for fitting: y(x)
fitted parameters initialized with current variable values
Iteration 0
WSSR : 0.07522 delta(WSSR)/WSSR : 0
delta(WSSR) : 0 limit for stopping : 1e05
lambda : 1.4634
initial set of free parameter values
m = 0.26786
c = 14.1777
190,01 After 4 iterations the fit converged.
final sum of squares of residuals : 0.00507835
rel. change during last iteration : 6.80346e09
degrees of freedom (ndf) : 4
rms of residuals (stdfit) = sqrt(WSSR/ndf) : 0.0356313
variance of residuals (reduced chisquare) = WSSR/ndf : 0.00126959
Final set of parameters Asymptotic Standard Error
======================= ==========================
m = 0.361441 +/ 0.03095 (8.563%)
c = 13.9152 +/ 0.05608 (0.403%)
correlation matrix of the fit parameters:
m c
47
m 1.000
c 0.966 1.000
Also it will create an log file to save this information.onitself as fit.log file.
awk '{print($50.36*$7)}' obsmag
11
Spectroscopy reduction

Hints:
1.First do everything with the specred....means u cant do apall with onedspec command.....so enter in to
specred then to onedspec.
2.you cant do everything with specred .because ,while calibrating u have to mention the place (filename
where it is located ..like onestds$spec50cal )it is available only in the onedspec so onedspec is
important....unless we are keeping the file in our own place)
For deleting the .imh file
>imdel <filename.imh>
Requirements:
1.object167 l
2.Standard two(Oke 1990)1340 l
3.comparision(FeAr)
4.flat (Halogen lamp)
5.bias
*Grism with respct to wavelength coverage.
Part1.basic Steps
changing the name into .fits file.
>pc120001
>epar rename
files = pc* list of files to be renamed
newname = fits new file name or field name
(field = extn) field to be modified (all|ldir|root|extn)
(mode = ql)
:go
>imhead pc120047.fits
pc120047.fits[500,3500][ushort]: NGC 4216
cc> e
mv pc120047.fits n42162.fits
cl> noao
artdata. digiphot. nobsolete. onedspec.
astcat. focas. nproto. rv.
48
astrometry. imred. observatory surfphot.
astutil. mtlocal. obsutil. twodspec.
no> im
argus. crutil. echelle. iids. kpnocoude. specred.
bias. ctioslit. generic. irred. kpnoslit. vtel.
ccdred. dtoi. hydra. irs. quadred.
im> cc
badpiximage ccdmask flatcombine mkskyflat
ccdgroups ccdproc mkfringecor setinstrument
ccdhedit ccdtest mkillumcor zerocombine
ccdinstrument combine mkillumflat
ccdlist darkcombine mkskycor

cc> specred
aidpars@ apresize dispcor response skysub
apall apscatter dofibers sapertures skytweak
apdefault@ apsum dopcor sarith slist
apedit aptrace doslit scombine specplot
apfind autoidentify fitprofs scopy specshift
apfit background identify sensfunc splot
apflatten bplot illumination setairmass standard
apmask calibrate msresp1d setjd telluric
apnormalize continuum refspectra sfit
aprecenter deredden reidentify sflip
sp> ls
(go into the respective file)
sp> epar imcombine
PACKAGE = immatch
TASK = imcombine
(the changable parameters are):

input = bias*.fits List of images to combine
output = mbias.fits List of output images
49
(gain = 1.22) ccdclip: CCD gain (electrons/DN)
:go
Jun 13 11:41: IMCOMBINE
blank = 0.
Images Offsets
bias1.fits 0 0
bias2.fits 0 0
bias3.fits 0 0
bias4.fits 0 0
bias5.fits 0 0
bias6.fits 0 0
bias7.fits 0 0
Output image = mbias.fits, ncombine = 7
cc> display mbias.fits
z1=273.2498 z2=299.
sp>imstat mbias.fits[3:480,243:3200] means x,y limitation
mbias.fits[3:480,243:3200] 1413924 349.2 49.55 259. 834.
sp> imarith g19b2b2.fits 349.2 bg19b2b2.fits
(just like do for all images....exept fear)
sp> imstat bhal?.fits
bhal1.fits 1750000 8221. 9342. 349.2 52146.
bhal2.fits 1750000 8226. 9349. 349.2 52172.
bhal3.fits 1750000 8238. 9363. 349.2 52271.
bhal4.fits 1750000 8231. 9356. 349.2 52320.
bhal5.fits 1750000 8247. 9373. 349.2 52336.

50
(then take mean of mean)....here ..the mean is 8233
sp>imarith bhal1fits / 8233 nbhal1.fits
(like that do for all)
sp> epar imcombine
PACKAGE = immatch
TASK = imcombine

input = nbhal*.fits List of images to combine
output = fnbhal.fits List of output images
:go
Jun 14 11:28: IMCOMBINE
blank = 0.
Images
nbhal1.fits
nbhal2.fits
nbhal3.fits
nbhal4.fits
nbhal5.fits
Output image = fnbhal.fits, ncombine = 5
sp> epar response
calibrat= fnbhal.fits Longslit calibration images
normaliz= fnbhal.fits Normalization spectrum images
response= rfnbhal.fits Response function images
(functio= spline3) Fitting function
(order = 3) Order of fitting function
:go
Fit the normalization spectrum for fnbhal.fits interactively (yes):no
sp>imarith bm1061.fits / rfnbhal.fits fbm1061.fits
sp>onedspec
51
Part2.Wavelength Calibartion
sp>epar apall
(better do not give the output name...it will take automatically with extension of .ms.imh)
# EXTRACTION PARAMETERS
(backgro= median) Background to subtractearlier it was fit but for median works fine.
(skybox = 1) Box car smoothing length for sky
(weights= variance) Extraction weights (none|variance)
(pfit = fit2d) Profile fitting type (fit1d|fit2d)
(clean = yes) Detect and replace bad pixels?
(saturat= 63000.) Saturation level
(readnoi= 4.87) Read out noise sigma (photons)
(gain = 1.22) Photon gain (photons/data number)
(lsigma = 4.) Lower rejection threshold
(usigma = 4.) Upper rejection threshold
(nsubaps= 1) Number of subapertures per aperture
(mode = ql)mbias.fits
:go
Recenter apertures for fbm1061? (yes):
Resize apertures for fbm1061? (yes):
Edit apertures for fbm1061? (yes):
(then the graph will appear)
then set the aperture giving lower and upper limit .
By pressing "l" lower limit.
By pressing "u" upper limit.
Then for background subtraction....press "b"
Then "f "
:sample 25:20,20:25 (or).......
in wavelengh calibartion for sky substraction just to mark the limits...instead of typing
:sample.....
type simly by the keys..that
using the s & t
where s—for marking level..
52
where t –for unmarking..
Then...
" f "
change the order to 3 by
:order 3
(now RMS value will be reduced)
" q "
yes,yes,yes,...
Then the fitted curve will appear...delete the points (by "d")which is apart from the line.and try to
reduce reduce the RMS value.
Then for quit..
" q "
write the apertures to database:yes,yes,
...Then the spectrum of object will be shown.
( for a group of images also we can do at one time...one by one...in the input list of images by giving
*.fits)
Do this apall for the standard star also...
on>splot nobject.fits
on>splot nobject_spec.imh
on>apall fear1 out=fear_spec refer=nobject.fits recen trac back interac
(so now fear_spec.imh file has been created)
(here also by group we can create spectra by giving *.fits).
sp>epar identify
images = fear_spec Images containing features to be identified
(section= middle line) Section to apply to two dimensional images
(databas= database) Database in which to record feature data
(coordli= /home/chrisphin/bin/fear.dat) User coordinate list
(functio= legendre) Coordinate function
:go
(then the graph of comparision fear will open)
Then using *commands and comparing the paper ....plot the wavelength on it.minimum should be 12.
*Note:
to extend on x axis shift+x
53
To extend on Y axisshift+y
fo markingm
to come back and do againr
fjfqThen the fitted curve will appear...delete the points (by "d")which is apart from
the line.and try to reduce reduce the RMS value.
ljf (here f=j ..so use f itself)
q
(ffitting, jrisidual plot,l=longitudinal plot, lit will plot remaining wavelengths on its own)
(" i " will delete the all lines which is marked already)then in xgterm....
writing the data structures in database?yes
This identification only one time is enough which can be used for all.Just hedit and add to all this as
reference.
sp> hedit nobject_1_spec.imh field=REFSPEC1 value=fear_spec.imh
hedit fm1061spec.imh field=REFSPEC1 value=fearspec.imh
add fm1061spec.imh,REFSPEC1 = fearspec.imh
update fm1061spec.imh ? (yes):
bm1061_spec.imh updated
sp> epar dispcor
input = nobject1_spec.imh List of input spectra
output = wobject1_spec.imh List of output spectra
(lineari= yes) Linearize (interpolate) spectra?
(databas= database) Dispersion solution database
(ignorea= yes) Ignore apertures?(incase if u have selected different apertures)
:go
TTFbn1569_3.ms.imh: REFSPEC1 = 'TFbcp_2.ms.imh 1.'
Dn1569_3.ms.imh: ap = 1, w1 = 2524.67, w2 = 7955.183, dw = 1.552019, nw = 3500
After dispersion correction make it all subexposures as one using the command “ sarith “ one by one
For atmospheric line correction s type:
better to do this after flux calibration (in case if we are interested in flux calibration also.)
First identify the differnce between actual to the observed atmospheric lines then using
>epar specshift
PACKAGE = specred
54
TASK = specshift
spectra = List of spectra
shift = 0. Shift to add to dispersion coordinates
(apertur= ) List of apertures to shift
(verbose= no) Print verbose information?
(mode = ql)
For doppler corection:
>epar dop
PACKAGE = specred
TASK = dopcor
input = List of input spectra
output = List of output spectra
redshift= Redshift or velocity (Km/s)
(isveloc= no) Is the redshift parameter a velocity?
(add = no) Add to previous dispersion correction?
(dispers= yes) Apply dispersion correction?
(flux = no) Apply flux correction?
(factor = 3.) Flux correction factor (power of 1+z)
(apertur= ) List of apertures to correct
(verbose= no) Print corrections performed?
(mode = ql)
:go
Part3.Flux Calibiration
Before starting the Flux calibartaion....set airmass and set the observatory parameters.
sp> epar standard
Here the input is dispersion corrected standard star.
{ in this... the symbol )_.observatory meant that it will take the information from main}
PACKAGE = onedspec
TASK = standard
55
input = Dstd_2.ms.imh Input image file root name
output = std Output flux file (used by SENSFUNC)
(samesta= yes) Same star in all apertures?
(beam_sw= no) Beam switch spectra?
(apertur= ) Aperture selection list
(bandwid= INDEF) Bandpass widths
(bandsep= INDEF) Bandpass separation
(fnuzero= 3.6800000000000E20) Absolute flux zero point
(extinct= /home/observer/chris/bin/spec_ext.dat) Extinction file
(caldir = onedstds$/spec50cal/) Directory containing calibration data
(observa= )_.observatory) Observatory for data
(interac= yes) Graphic interaction to define new bandpasses
(graphic= stdgraph) Graphics output device
(cursor = ) Graphics cursor input
star_nam= feige34 Star name in calibration list
airmass = Airmass
exptime = Exposure time (seconds)
mag = Magnitude of star
magband = Magnitude type
teff = Effective temperature or spectral type
answer = no (no|yes|NO|YES|NO!|YES!)
(mode = ql)
:go
Dstd_2.ms.imh[*,1,1](1):
Star name in calibration list (g191b2b):
Dstd_2.ms.imh[1]: Edit bandpasses? (no|yes|NO|YES|NO!|YES!) (no):
Now you can see the file std has been created with the details of
[Dstd_2.ms.imh] 1 3401 600.00 3.602 349.000 3749.000 G19B2B
3200.00 4.6598E13 50.000 3417.
3250.00 4.3944E13 50.000 2187.5
3300.00 4.4222E13 50.000 1189.7
3350.00 4.2912E13 50.000 885.67
3400.00 4.0899E13 50.000 786.2
3450.00 3.8639E13 50.000 778.63
3500.00 3.6185E13 50.000 993.41
3550.00 3.5173E13 50.000 512.38
56
3600.00 3.3271E13 50.000 387.07
3650.00 3.1775E13 50.000 152.9
3700.00 3.0357E13 50.000 51.126
hint:
Even after sploting ...if the graph doesnt come press “a” two times.
Then the scale will change to bring the picture.
By typing the below you can get the location where the respective standard star location is...
for getting standard ....observatory is needed also airmass also location of the caldirectory within
IRAF has to be specified..needed..hence for setting these...follow the below...
sp> help onedstd
Standard stars in onedstds$spec50cal/ (3200A 10200A)
bd284211 eg247 feige34 g191b2b hz44
eg139 eg71 feige66 gd140 pg0823546
eg158 feige110 feige67 hilt600 wolf1346
sp> epar sens
PACKAGE = onedspec
TASK = sensfunc
standard= std Input standard star data file (from STANDARD)
sensitiv= sens Output root sensitivity function imagename
(apertur= ) Aperture selection list
(ignorea= yes) Ignore apertures and make one sensitivity function?
(logfile= logfile) Output log for statistics information
(newexti= extinct.dat) Output revised extinction file
57
(observa= )_.observatory) Observatory of data
(functio= spline3) Fitting function
(order = 6) Order of fit
(interac= yes) Determine sensitivity function interactively?
(graphs = sr) Graphs per frame
(marks = plus cross box) Data mark types (marks deleted added)
(colors = 2 1 3 4) Colors (lines marks deleted added)
(cursor = ) Graphics cursor input
(device = stdgraph) Graphics output device
answer = yes (no|yes|NO|YES)
(mode = ql)
:go
Fit aperture 1 interactively? (no|yes|NO|YES) (no|yes|NO|YES) (yes):
Then the graph will open.
Change the order to 9.
:ord 9
then “ r “ replot
“ d “delete the deviated points in the below figure.
“ f “ fit
“ r “ replot
Now you can see RMS value has been reduced.
After finishing “ q “quit
sp> epar cali
Here the input is dispersion corrected object.
PACKAGE = onedspec
TASK = calibrate
input = Dn1569_1.ms.imh Input spectra to calibrate
output = Fn1569_1.ms.imh Output calibrated spectra
(extinct= yes) Apply extinction correction?
(flux = yes) Apply flux calibration?
(observa= )_.observatory) Observatory of observation
58
(ignorea= yes) Ignore aperture numbers in flux calibration?
(sensiti= sens) Image root name for sensitivity spectra
(fnu = no) Create spectra having units of FNU?
airmass = Airmass
exptime = Exposure time (seconds)
(mode = ql)
:go
Fn1569_1.ms.imh: NGC1569
Cn1569_1.imh: NGC1569
Extinction correction applied
Flux calibration applied
The above warning because of trimmming may be..
Then sploting the final wavelength and flux calibrated spectrum will appear.
Some more hints on spectroscopy reduction:
1.Removing unwanted lined by the bad pixel:
After splotting find out the line ...and place the cursor then press the “ x “ on both the end of the ray
then press “ r “ ...then it will be removed.
2.EQW:
For finding the equalent width press “ e “ on both the ends.
3. “ f “ for finding the apertures
where “ d” for delete the apeture....so if any cosmic ray prsent and aperture goes for that ...then pres f
for finding apeture then dlete the another unwanted aperture.
while doing apall if 2 or 3 features wanted to extract at one time then use shift + it will take to another
peak...then extract..
4.While epar identification better to use spline 3....and always order 3 is nice. “ j “ fo residual plot.
After getting spectrum...
There are 4 atmospheric lines....2 are in absorbtion...
whar e the 7605 is visible clearly.....then 6870..
then in epar splot select the band number as 2.then splotting you will get again 2 lines.6300,6364.
59
in the splot graph
by typing k,k two times u can get the value of fwhm....and others.
for saving the graph
:.snap epsfl
To get the list of help commands press
? from graphical window.
then it will give the list in xgterm window like .................
1. INTERACTIVE CURVE FITTING CURSOR OPTIONS
? Print options
a Add point to constrain fit
c Print the coordinates and fit of point nearest the cursor
d Delete data point nearest the cursor
f Fit the data and redraw or overplot
g Redefine graph keys. Any of the following data types may be along
either axis.
x Independent variable y Dependent variable
f Fitted value r Residual (y f)
d Ratio (y / f) n Nonlinear part of y
hl Graph keys. Defaults are h=(x,y), i=(y,x), j=(x,r), k=(x,d), l=(x,n)
o Overplot the next graph
q Exit the interactive curve fitting. Carriage return will also exit.
r Redraw graph
s Set sample range with the cursor
t Initialize the sample range to all points
v Change the weight of the point nearest the cursor
u Undelete the deleted point nearest the cursor
w Set the graph window. For help type 'w' followed by '?'.
x Change the x value of the point nearest the cursor
y Change the y value of the point nearest the cursor
z Delete sample region nearest cursor
I Interrupt task immediately
2. INTERACTIVE CURVE FITTING COLON COMMANDS
The parameters are listed or set with the following commands which may be
abbreviated. To list the value of a parameter type the command alone.
60
:show [file] Show the values of all the parameters
:vshow [file] Show the values of all the parameters verbosely
:xyshow [file] Show the x, y, y fit, and weight data values
:evaluate <value> Print the fit at the specified value
:errors [file] Print the errors of the fit (default STDOUT)
:function [value] Fitting function (chebyshev, legendre, spline3, spline1)
:grow [value] Rejection growing radius
:naverage [value] Sample averaging or medianing window
:order [value] Fitting function order
:low_reject [value] Low rejection threshold
:high_reject [value] High rejection threshold
:niterate [value] Number of rejection iterations
:sample [value] Sample ranges
:markrej [value] Mark rejected points?
Additional commands are available for setting graph formats and manipulating
the graphics. Use the following commands for help.
:/help Print help for graph formatting option
:.help Print help for general graphics options
3. INTERACTIVE CURVE FITTING GRAPH KEYS
The graph keys are h, i, j, k, and l. The graph keys may be redefined to
put any combination of axes types along either graph axis with the 'g' key.
To define a graph key select the desired key to redefine and then specify
the axes types for the horizontal and vertical axes by a pair of comma
separated types from the following:
d Ratio (y / f)
f Fitted values
r Residuals of fit (y f)
n Nonlinear part of data (linear component of fit subtracted)
x Indepedent variable
y Dependent variable (data being fit)
? This display r Redraw the current window
/ Cycle thru short help on stat line s Smooth (boxcar)
a Autoexpand between cursors t Fit continuum(*)
61
b Toggle base plot level to 0.0 u Adjust coordinate scale(*)
c Clear and redraw full spectrum v Velocity scale (toggle)
d Deblend lines using profile models w Window the graph
e Equiv. width, integ flux, center x Connects 2 cursor positions
f Arithmetic functions: log, sqrt... y Plot std star flux from calib file
g Get new image and plot z Expand x range by factor of 2
h Equivalent widths(*) ) Go to next spectrum in image
i Write current image as new image ( Go to previous spectrum in image
j Fudge a point to Ycursor value # Select new line/aperture
k Profile fit to single line(*) % Select new band
l Convert to Flambda $ Toggle wavelength/pixel scale
m Mean, RMS, snr in marked region Subtract deblended fit
n Convert to Fnu , Down slide spectrum
o Toggle overplot of following plot . Up slide spectrum
p Convert to wavelength scale I Interrupt task immediately
q Quit and exit <space> Cursor position and flux
(*) For 'h' key: Measure equivalent widths
a Left side for width at 1/2 flux l Left side for continuum = 1
b Right side for width at 1/2 flux r Right side for continuum = 1
c Both sides for width at 1/2 flux k Both sides for continuum = 1
(*) For 'k' key: Second key may be used to select profile type
g Gaussian, l Lorentzian, v Voigt, all others Gaussiank
(*) For 't' key: Fit the continuum with ICFIT and apply to spectrum
/ = normalize by the continuum fit
= subtract the continuum fit (residuals)
f = replace spectrum by the continuum fit
c = clean spectrum of rejected points
n = do the fitting but leave the spectrum unchanged
q = quit without fitting or modifying spectrum
(*) For 'u' key: Adjust the coordinate scale by marking features
d = apply doppler correction to bring marked feature to specified coord.
l = set linear (in wavelength) coordinates based on two marked features
z = apply zero point shift to bring marked feature to
specified coordinate
The colon commands do not allow abbreviations.
:# <comment> Add comment to log file
62
:dispaxis <val> Change summing parameter for 2D images
:log Enable logging to save_file
:nolog Disable logging to save_file
:nsum <val> Change summing parameter for 2D images
:show Show full output of deblending and equiv. width measurments
:units <value> Change coordinate units (see below)
:label <label> <format> Add label at cursor position
:mabove <label> <format> Add tick mark and label above spectrum
:mbelow <label> <format> Add tick mark and label below spectrum
The label must be quoted if it contains blanks. A label beginning
with % (i.e. %.2f) is treated as a format for the x cursor position.
The optional format is a gtext string (see help on "cursors").
The labels are not remembered between redraws.
:auto [yes|no] Enable/disable autodraw option
:zero [yes|no] Enable/disable zero baseline option
:xydraw [yes|no] Enable/disable xydraw option
:hist [yes|no] Enable/disable histogram line type option
:nosysid [yes|no] Enable/disable system ID option
:wreset [yes|no] Enable/disable window reset for new spectra option
:flip [yes|no] Enable/disable dispersion coordinate flip
:overplot [yes|no] Enable/disable permanent overplot mode
:/help Get help on GTOOLS options
:.help Get help on cursor mode options
63
12.LATEX Introduction

While doing latex to ps do it one folder so the all sub created file will be within the folder itself.
>vi hct_obsp_new.tex
> latex hct_obsp_new.tex
This is TeX, Version 3.14159 (Web2C 7.4.5)

Output written on hct_obsp_new.dvi (5 pages, 10872 bytes).
Transcript written on hct_obsp_new.log.
[chrisphin@aries25 ~/hct_form]$ dvips o hct_obsp_new.ps hct_obsp_new.dvi
This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
' TeX output 2006.11.01:1541' > hct_obsp_new.ps
> gv hct_obsp_new.ps
>ps2pdf hct_obsp_new.ps hct_obsp_new.pdf
>xpdf hct_obsp_new.pdf
for a short cut.......you can open a vi editer and put all the commands which has to be executed and
then execute that file which will do all the work by one stroke.
>vi l
latex hct_obsp_new.tex
dvips o hct_obsp_new.ps hct_obsp_new.dvi
gv hct_obsp_new.ps
:wq
>chmod 777 l
>./l
General format example:
\documentstyle[a4,12pt,psfig]{article}
\textheight 18.0cm
\textwidth 16.0cm
\topmargin 1.0cm
\begin{document}
\begin{center}
{\Large \bf Photometric and Spectrophotometric studies on WolfRayet Galaxies }\\
\vspace{1.0cm}
\bf Chrisphin.K, B.B.Sanwal,D.K.sahu, M.Singh\\\small \bf Aryabhatta Research Institute of
Observational Sciences(ARIES)\\Manora Peak,Nainital. \\
64
\vspace{0.5cm}
{\small
\it email: chrisphin@aries.ernet.in}
\end{center}
\bigskip
\begin{abstract}
\end{abstract}
\end{document}
Latex.....commmand.....
\item ...........for point..s 1,2,3....like that.
if infront of the letter if we put % symbol then it wont come.
\sectionfor subsection
\section*then it wont put any number...like 2.1,2.2,...like that.
Some commmands quite often used by astronomers in Latex:
HeII 4686$ \AA $He II 4686 A°
2k$\times$2k2K x 2K
H$\alpha$ \& H$\alpha$ H
In escape mode...
5dddeleting 5lines.like that any number of lines..
uundo
5yy5 lines copying
ppaste.
for cutting use the same command for deletingdd
redoctrl+r
above all is in escape mode.
Type <return> to proceed, S to scroll future error messages,
R to run without stopping, Q to run quietly,
I to insert something,
H for help, X to quit.
? X
\begin{tabular}{|p{.35in}|p{.9in}|p{1.1in}|p{1.1in}|p{0.6in}|p{0.5in}
|p{0.3in}|}
\hline
Sl.No.&Objects Name& RA (hh mm ss) at J2000.0. & Dec (dd mm ss) at J2000.0.
& $V$/int.$V$ mag & Filter & Min. S/N\\
65
\hline
& & & & & &\\ \hline
& & & & & &\\ \hline
& & & & & &\\ \hline
& & & & & &\\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\newpage
\vskip 2cm
if you want to jump to 30 th line in vi editor..
then type
:30
and all the commnad s is possible to execute from..the same terminal..by typing..
:!latex <filename>
:!dvips o filename.ps filename.dvi
Finding the SFR the expression is:
SFR$_{H\alpha} (M_\odot year^{1})= 7.9 \times 10^{42} L_{H\alpha}$
\hspace*{0.1in} –while beginnning sentence giving space.
for inserting the fgure:
\usepackage{graphicx}
\begin{document}
\label{firstpage}
\begin{figure}
\vbox{
\includegraphics[height=12cm,width=12cm,angle=90]
{/home/chrisphin/spectrum/final_figure/2_n1569.ps}
\includegraphics[height=12cm,width=12cm,angle=90]
{/home/chrisphin/spectrum/final_figure/2_m33.ps}
}
\caption{Nuclear Spectrum of NGC 1569 and NGC Mrk 33 respectively}
\end{figure}
angle if needed only.
66
13.Ellipse Fitting
chrisphin > cl
NOAO PCIRAF Revision 2.12.2EXPORT Sun Jan 25 16:09:03 MST 2004
This is the EXPORT version of PCIRAF V2.12 supporting most PC systems.
Welcome to IRAF. To list the available commands, type ? or ??. To get
detailed information about a command, type `help command'. To run a
command or load a package, type its name. Type `bye' to exit a
package, or `logout' to get out of the CL. Type `news' to find out
what is new in the version of the system you are using. The following
commands or packages are currently defined:
dataio. language. obsolete. softools. tables.
dbms. lists. plot. stsdas. utilities.
images. noao. proto. system.
cl> stsdas

++
| Space Telescope Science Data Analysis System |
| STSDAS Version 3.3, November 11, 2004 |
| |
| Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland |
| Copyright (C) 2003 Association of Universities for |
| Research in Astronomy, Inc.(AURA) |
| See stsdas$copyright.stsdas for terms of use. |
| For help, send email to help@stsci.edu |
| |
++
analysis. describe fitsio. hst_calib. problems toolbox.
contrib. examples graphics. playpen. sobsolete.
st> an
dither. fourier. isophote. restore.
fitting. gasp. nebular. statistics.
an> is
bmodel geompar@ isomap magpar@
controlpar@ isoexam isopall samplepar@
ellipse isoimap isoplot
67
is> epar ellipse
PACKAGE = isophote
TASK = ellipse
input = n4449B.fits input image name cleaned galaxy image
output = b output table name
(dqf = .c1h) data quality file name or extension
(inellip= ) table with input ellipses for nofit mode
(geompar= ) geometric parameters (pset)
(control= ) algorithm control parameters (pset)
(samplep= ) sampling control parameters (pset)
(magpar = ) magnitude scale parameters (pset)
(interac= no) interactive ?
(device = red) graphics output device
(icomman= ) image cursor
(gcomman= ) graphics cursor
(masksz = 5) pixel square mask size (`m' cursor key)
(region = no) region masking mode ?
(memory = yes) memoryintensive (versus diskintensive) ?
(verbose= yes) list summary at STDOUT ?
(mode = al)

(bring the cursor in geompar and press :e
then this will come fill the respective.normally the geompar and control is the important.)
PACKAGE = isophote
TASK = geompar
(x0 = INDEF) initial isophote center X
(y0 = INDEF) initial isophote center Y
(ellip0 = 0.2) initial ellipticity
(pa0 = 20.) initial position angle (degrees)
(sma0 = 10.) initial semimajor axis lenght
(minsma = 0.) minimum semimajor axis lenght
(maxsma = INDEF) maximum semimajor axis lenght
(step = 0.1) sma step between successive ellipses
(linear = no) linear sma step ?
68
(maxrit = INDEF) maximum sma lenght for iterative mode
(recente= yes) allows finding routine to recenter x0y0 ?
(xylearn= yes) updates pset with new x0y0 ?
(physica= yes) physical coordinate system ?
(mode = al)
:q
then press :e by placing the cursor on control
Image Reduction and Analysis Facility
PACKAGE = isophote
TASK = controlpar
(conver = 0.05) convergency criterion (maximum harmonic amplitud
(minit = 10) minimun no. of iterations at each sma
(maxit = 50) maximun no. of iterations at each sma
(hcenter= no) hold center fixed ?
(hellip = no) hold ellipticity fixed ?
(hpa = no) hold position angle fixed ?
(wander = INDEF) maximum wander in successive isophote centers
(maxgerr= 0.5) maximum acceptable gradient relative error
(olthres= 1.) object locator's ksigma threshold
(soft = no) soft stop ?
(mode = al)
:q
PACKAGE = isophote
TASK = samplepar
(integrm= bilinear) area integration mode
(usclip = 3.) sigmaclip criterion for upper deviant points
(lsclip = 3.) sigmaclip criterion for lower deviant points
(nclip = 0) number of sigmaclip iterations
(fflag = 0.5) acceptable fraction of flagged data points
(sdevice= none) graphics device for ploting intensity samples
(tsample= none) tables with intensity samples
(absangl= yes) sample angles refer to image coord. system ?
(harmoni= none) optional harmonic numbers to fit
(mode = al)
69
:q
PACKAGE = isophote
TASK = magpar
(mag0 = 0.) magnitude of reference source
(refer = 1.) intensity of reference source
(zerolev= 0.) intensity of zero (bias) level
(mode = al)
:q
then
:go
Running object locator... Done.
Can not find object. Please, enter initial
guess for starting isophote center:
X0: 485
Y0: 545
#
# Semi Isophote Ellipticity Position Grad. Data Flag Iter. Stop
# major mean Angle rel. code
# axis intensity error
#(pixel) (degree)
#
10.00 852.25(322.98) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) INDEF 56 0 2 4
6.21 775.17(152.67) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 19.53 35 0 1 4
5.64 785.31(142.66) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 3.560 32 0 1 4
5.13 799.19(133.24) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 2.546 29 0 1 4
4.67 814.31(122.95) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 2.284 26 0 1 4
4.24 825.31(112.12) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 3.023 24 0 1 4
3.86 836.47(102.91) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 2.839 22 0 1 4
3.50 845.04( 95.28) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 3.571 20 0 1 4
3.19 852.90( 88.52) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 3.795 18 0 1 4
2.90 855.50( 83.38) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 11.16 17 0 1 4
2.63 863.26( 77.85) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 3.675 15 0 1 4
2.39 865.60( 73.17) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) INDEF 14 0 1 4
2.18 871.25( 68.40) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 4.825 13 0 1 4
1.98 872.41( 64.20) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 3.854 13 0 1 4
1.80 874.40( 59.60) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 12.15 13 0 1 4
70
1.64 876.17( 55.01) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 12.71 13 0 1 4
1.49 877.63( 50.27) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 14.17 13 0 1 4
1.35 879.08( 46.06) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 13.07 13 0 1 4
1.23 880.09( 42.18) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 17.21 13 0 1 4
1.12 880.76( 38.58) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 23.35 13 0 1 4
1.02 881.15( 34.98) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 37.93 13 0 1 4
0.92 881.38( 31.62) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 56.84 13 0 1 4
0.84 881.55( 28.60) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 68.24 13 0 1 4
0.76 881.68( 25.89) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 82.65 13 0 1 4
0.69 881.77( 23.45) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 104.1 13 0 1 4
0.63 881.84( 21.25) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 134.5 13 0 1 4
0.57 881.88( 19.26) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 186.7 13 0 1 4
0.52 881.90( 17.47) 0.200(INDEF) 20.00(INDEF) 287.5 13 0 1 4
0.00 881.45
0.01 CPU seconds.
0.00 minutes elapsed.
>ls
now if you see list b.tab file has been created.to view that file type
>tprint b.tab
>epar isoexam
PACKAGE = isophote
TASK = isoexam
table = b.tab isophote table
(dqf = .c1h) data quality file name or extension
(device = red) graphics output device
(icomman= ) image cursor
(gcomman= ) graphics cursor
(mode = al)
:q
>epar isoimap
PACKAGE = isophote
TASK = isoimap
image = n4449B.fits input image
table = b.tab input table
71
(fulltab= yes) use full range of `SMA' from table ?
(minsma = 1.) minimum semimajor axis
(maxsma = 1.) maximum semimajor axis
(nlevels= 3) number of levels
(color = r) overlay color
(frame = 1) image display frame
(mode = al)
:q
is> epar isomap
PACKAGE = isophote
TASK = isomap
image = n4449B.fits input image
table = b.tab input table
floor = minimum contouring level
ceiling = maximum contouring level
(nlevels= 3) number of levels
(device = stdgraph) graphics device
(mode = al)
:q
>epar isoplot
PACKAGE = isophote
TASK = isoplot
input = b.tab input table
xaxis = RSMA x axis
yaxis = MAG y axis
(device = stdgraph) output graphics device
(mode = al)
:go
(will give the plot for mag vs SMA *1/4)
>epar isopall
input = b.tab input table
xaxis = RSMA x axis
72
(device = stdgraph) output graphics device
(mode = al)
:go
(will give the plot for all)
is>ttools
tt>tprint
tt> ?
gtedit tabkey tcreate tiimage tprint tstat
gtpar@ tabpar tdelete tinfo tproduct ttranspose
imtab taextract tdiffer tintegrate tproject tunits
keypar tainsert tdump titable tquery tupar
keyselect tcalc tedit tjoin tread tximage
keytab tchcol texpand tlcol trebin txtable
parkey tcheck thedit tlinear tscopy
partab tchsize thistogram tmatch tselect
tabim tcopy thselect tmerge tsort
tt> tcalc
Input table: b.tab
Output column name: magb
Arithmetic expression: 2.5*log10(INTENS)
(then in the output table b.tab one more column has fomed with magb)
like that find out for v&r
tt> tproj
Input tables (b): v
Output tables (b1): v1
Column names (sma,magb): sma,magv
this will give the output table with only two colum as sma and magv from original table.
tt> tmerge
list of tables: b1,v1,r1
name of output table: bvr
73
merge or append? (merge|append) (merge):
This will give the output as with the common one (ie..sma)and the individual magnitudes.
tt> tcalc
Input table (r.tab): bvr
Output column name (magr): bv
Arithmetic expression (2.5*log10(INTENS)): magbmagv
then the output is.....
# row SMA magb magv magr bv
# pixel
1 10.00 7.326419 8.350383 8.977684 1.023964
2 11.00 7.388693 8.402966 9.018461 1.014274
3 12.10 7.452424 8.45775 9.061924 1.005327
tt> tcalc
Input table (bvr):
Output column name (bv): vr
Arithmetic expression (magbmagv): magvmagr
tt> tprint bvr
# row SMA magb magv magr bv
# pixel
1 10.00 7.326419 8.350383 8.977684 1.023964
2 11.00 7.388693 8.402966 9.018461 1.014274
vr
#
1 0.6273012
2 0.6154947
for making a model using the table parameters
tt> epar bmodel
74
PACKAGE = isophote
TASK = bmodel
table = b.tab isophote table
output = bm.fits output (model) image
(parent = b.fits) parent image
(fulltab= yes) use full range of `SMA' from table ?
(minsma = 1.) minimum modelling SMA
(maxsma = 1.) maximum modelling SMA
(backgr = 0.) background value
(interp = spline) interpolation algorithm
(highar = no) add higher harmonics ?
(verbose= no) print info ?
(mode = ql)
:go
then the model image will appear.
tt> imarith b.fits bm.fits subb.fits
(substracting from parent image to model image)
# Table bvr.tab Tue 14:13:23 25Jul2006
# row SMA magb magv magr bv vr
# pixel
1 10.00 7.326419 8.350383 8.977684 1.023964 0.6273012
2 11.00 7.388693 8.402966 9.018461 1.014274 0.6154947
3 12.10 7.452424 8.45775 9.061924 1.005327 0.6041737
4 13.31 7.509982 8.501146 9.105608 0.9911642 0.6044617
5 14.64 7.515865 8.498053 9.102729 0.9821873 0.6046762
6 16.11 7.441709 8.417347 9.020638 0.9756379 0.6032915
7 17.72 7.267367 8.255603 8.88203 0.9882355 0.6264277
8 19.49 7.105531 8.133438 8.783742 1.027907 0.6503038
9 21.44 7.025736 8.073084 8.733415 1.047348 0.6603308
10 23.58 6.970555 8.024835 8.691433 1.054279 0.6665983
11 25.94 6.88339 7.956075 8.63653 1.072685 0.6804547
12 28.53 6.819172 7.901899 8.59342 1.082727 0.6915207
13 31.38 6.815528 7.881151 8.569758 1.065623 0.6886077
75
14 34.52 6.778287 7.84915 8.545932 1.070863 0.6967816
15 37.97 6.768456 7.825531 8.517666 1.057076 0.6921344
16 41.77 6.690573 7.758854 8.461597 1.068281 0.7027435
17 45.95 6.576372 7.672137 8.395837 1.095766 0.7236996
18 50.54 6.378003 7.54169 8.303526 1.163687 0.7618356
19 55.60 6.272883 7.465623 8.244529 1.192739 0.7789059
20 61.16 6.192893 7.405949 8.197833 1.213056 0.7918844
21 67.28 6.070224 7.315245 8.131417 1.245021 0.8161726
22 74.00 5.980441 7.250807 8.084737 1.270366 0.83393
23 81.40 6.003924 7.328994 8.150055 1.32507 0.8210607
24 89.54 5.761503 7.09622 7.970737 1.334717 0.8745165
25 98.50 5.668857 7.030812 7.924924 1.361955 0.8941116
26 108.35 5.626123 6.995907 7.896285 1.369784 0.9003778
27 119.18 5.520816 6.929633 7.853443 1.408817 0.92381
28 131.10 5.454289 6.885037 7.822189 1.430748 0.9371519
29 144.21 5.391116 6.846087 7.797658 1.454971 0.9515715
30 158.63 5.330243 6.807044 7.771194 1.476801 0.9641504
31 174.49 5.270195 6.777694 7.752686 1.507499 0.9749918
32 191.94 5.173338 6.724012 7.715868 1.550674 0.9918556
33 211.14 5.134089 6.704271 7.702201 1.570182 0.99793
34 232.25 5.115785 6.693449 7.693737 1.577663 1.000288
# Table b.tab Tue 13:37:45 25Jul2006
# row SMA INTENS INT_ERR PIX_VAR RMS ELLIP ELLIP_ERR PA
# pixel degrees
1 10.00 852. 43.2 457. 323. 0.2000 INDEF 20.00
2 11.00 903. 60.9 678. 480. 0.2000 INDEF 20.00

# row PA_ERR X0 X0_ERR Y0 Y0_ERR GRAD GRAD_ERR GRAD_R_ERR
# degrees pixel pixel pixel pixel
1 INDEF 485.00 INDEF 545.00 INDEF 0.04 INDEF INDEF
2 INDEF 485.00 INDEF 545.00 INDEF 0.032 INDEF INDEF
# row RSMA MAG MAG_LERR MAG_UERR TFLUX_E TFLUX_C TMAG_E
# pixel**1/4
1 1.77828 7.33 0.0564 0.0536 202146. 254556. 13.3
2 1.82116 7.39 0.0759 0.0709 247010. 306532. 13.5
# row TMAG_C NPIX_E NPIX_C A3 A3_ERR B3 B3_ERR A4
76
#
1 13.5 251 317 78.8 93.8 98.5 105. 334.
2 13.7 301 377 303. 343. 349. 369. 623.
# row A4_ERR B4 B4_ERR NDATA NFLAG NITER STOP A_BIG SAREA
# pixel
1 272. 31.2 57.6 56 0 2 4 356. 2.0
2 548. 10.4 227. 62 0 1 4 137. 2.0
# row magb
#
1 7.326419
2 7.388693
is> tprint b1.tab
# Table b1.tab Tue 13:54:28 25Jul2006
# row SMA magb
# pixel
1 10.00 7.326419
2 11.00 7.388693
3 12.10 7.452424
77
14Iraf Installation1
FOR REDHAT FEDORA
Download these three files first.
Create iraf tree.(using root in / )
/iraf
/ \
(AS) /iraf /irafbin
/ \
(IB) bin.redhat noao.bin.redhat (NB)
Put the files in the respective as shown in above figure .gunzip it and untar it,by the command,within
the respective folder.
Simply
rm rf iraf/ irafbin/ x11iraf/ extern/
echo 'making directroy structure'
mkdir iraf
mkdir irafbin
mkdir irafbin/bin.redhat
mkdir irafbin/noao.bin.redhat
mkdir extern
mkdir x11iraf
mkdir extern/stsdas
mkdir extern/stsdas/bin.redhat
mkdir extern/tables
mkdir extern/tables/bin.redhat
mkdir extern/fitsutil
echo 'Unpacking the file system'
cd /iraf/iraf
tar zxf /iraf/redhat.package/as.pcix.gen.gz
cd /iraf/irafbin/bin.redhat
tar zxf /iraf/redhat.package/ib.rhux.x86.gz
cd /iraf/irafbin/noao.bin.redhat
tar zxf /iraf/redhat.package/nb.rhux.x86.gz
cd /iraf/x11iraf
tar zxf /iraf/redhat.package/x11irafv1.3.1bin.redhat.tar.gz
cd /iraf/extern/stsdas
78
tar zxf /iraf/redhat.package/stsdas33.tar.gz
cd /iraf/extern/stsdas/bin.redhat
tar zxf /iraf/redhat.package/stsdas33.bin.rh.tar.gz
cd /iraf/extern/tables
tar zxf /iraf/redhat.package/tables33.tar.gz
cd /iraf/extern/tables/bin.redhat
tar zxf /iraf/redhat.package/tables33.bin.rh.tar.gz
echo 'installing the x11'
cd /iraf/x11iraf
./install
echo 'installing the iraf'
cd /iraf/iraf/unix/hlib
./install
cd /iraf
echo 'please check the /iraf/iraf/unix/hlib/extern.pkg'
Of course then move the downloaded
Xgterm.fedora &ds9 to the /usr/local/bin.
***********************************************************************
Part3
[chrisphin@aries25 ~]$ mkiraf
creating a new uparm directory
Terminal types: xgterm,xterm,gterm,vt640,vt100,etc.
Enter terminal type: xgterm
A new LOGIN.CL file has been created in the current directory.
You may wish to review and edit this file to change the defaults.
and then for externing the package of stsdas go to
>cd /iraf/iraf/unix/hlib
>vi extern.pkg
edit the earlier commands like shown below...
# External (non coresystem) packages. To install a new package, add the
# two statements to define the package root directory and package task,
# then add the package helpdb to the `helpdb' list.
reset noao = iraf$noao/
task noao.pkg = noao$noao.cl
79
reset tables = /iraf/extern/tables/
task tables.pkg = tables$tables.cl
reset stsdas = /iraf/extern/stsdas/
task stsdas.pkg = stsdas$stsdas.cl
reset helpdb = "lib$helpdb.mip\
,noao$lib/helpdb.mip\
,tables$lib/helpdb.mip\
,stsdas$lib/helbdb.mip\
"
keep
That's it.
14.1How it's works
[root@aries25 chrisphin]#mkdir iraf
[root@aries25 chrisphin]#cd iraf
within this put this folder iraf.V2.12a.tgz
[root@aries25 iraf]# gunzip iraf.V2.12a.tgz
[root@aries25 iraf]# ls
iraf.V2.12a.tar
[root@aries25 iraf]# tar xvpf iraf.V2.12a.tar
iraf.install
redhat.package/
redhat.package/as.pcix.gen.gz
redhat.package/tables33.bin.rh.tar.gz
redhat.package/ib.rhux.x86.gz
redhat.package/x11irafv1.3.1bin.redhat.tar.gz
redhat.package/xgterm.fedora
redhat.package/tables33.tar.gz
redhat.package/stsdas33.bin.rh.tar.gz
redhat.package/stsdas33.tar.gz
redhat.package/nb.rhux.x86.gz
[root@aries25 iraf]# ./iraf.install
removing the existing directory structure for iraf
80
making directroy structure
Unpacking the file system
installing the x11
X11IRAF V1.3 Installation
=========================
Binary Installation:

The local commands directory is the place where the commands
such as 'xgterm' and 'ximtool' will be installed. This should
be a directory in a common search path such as /usr/local/bin.
Local commands directory (/usr/local/bin):
Installing new binaries in /usr/local/bin ...[ OK ]
Manual Page Installation:

Man pages are available for each of the X11IRAF tasks, some
tasks will also provide online documentation. Manual pages
may be installed either in the main system directory or in
a local directory as long as that is accessible through a
MANPATH environment variable.
Local man page directory (/usr/share/man/man1):[ OK ]
Application Default Resource Installation:

The appdefaults directory contains the default X resources for
the XGterm task. This is not required for the program to work
but provides for more readable menu entries, fonts, etc.
The directory is normally part of the X11 tree but may be any
directory specified in an XFILESEARCHPATH environment variable.
81
System appdefaults directory (/usr/lib/X11/appdefaults):...[ OK ]
Client Display Library (CDL) Installation:

The CDL is an interface for C/Fortran programs to display images
to XImtool and compatible display servers. This library is not
required in the runtime system for XImtool but can be useful for
developing local applications needing a display capability.
The local lib directory is the place where the CDL library file
will be installed, the local include directory is where the needed
nclude files for the library will be installed.
Would you like to install this library? (yes):
Local lib directory (/usr/local/lib):
Installing CDL libraries in /usr/local/lib ...[ OK ]
Local include directory (/usr/local/include):
Installing include files in /usr/local/include ...[ OK ]
Installation complete.
installing the iraf
IRAF V2.12.1 System Installation
================================
Welcome to the IRAF installation script. This script will first
prompt you for several needed path names. The system will be verified
for proper structure before the actual install begins, all error must
must be corrected before you will be allowed to continue. Recommend
ations for fixing problems will be made but no corrective action will
be taken directly. Once properly installed, you will be allowed to
do some minimal configuration.
82
For each prompt: hit <CR> to accept the default value, 'q' to quit,
or 'help' or '?' to print an explanation of the prompt.
=======================================================================
=
===================== Query for System Settings ======================
=======================================================================
=
New iraf root directory (/iraf/iraf):
Default root image storage directory (/iraf/imdirs):
Local unix commands directory (/usr/local/bin):
=======================================================================
=
===================== Verifying System Settings ======================
=======================================================================
=
Hostname = aries25.upso.ernet.i OS version = Linux 2.6.91.667smp
Architecture = redhat HSI arch = redhat
New iraf root = /iraf/iraf Old iraf root = /iraf/iraf
New imdir = /iraf/imdirs Old imdir = /d0/imdirs
Local bin dir = /usr/local/bin
Checking definition of iraf root directory ... [ OK ]
Checking iraf root and imdir directory ... [ OK ]
Checking iraf directory write permissions ... [ OK ]
Checking for iraf user account ... [ WARN ]
*** No 'iraf' user was found in the /etc/passwd file. The iraf
*** user should be created before installing the system to ensure
*** all files are owned by the iraf user, and the have the proper
*** environment defined for installation and maintanence.
Checking file ownerships ... [ WARN ]
*** (root dir owned by 312, iraf files owned by 312)
83
*** The iraf tree should be owned by the iraf user so it can
*** be updated and maintained properly.
***
*** To fix this, login as root, set the iraf environment, and
*** issue the commands:
***
*** cd /iraf
*** chown R iraf . # change dir owner
*** cd $hbin # go to HSI bin dir
*** chown 0 alloc.e # fix alloc.e ownership
*** chmod 4755 alloc.e # fix permissions
Checking file permissions ... [ OK ]
Checking proper iraf tree structure in /iraf ...
Checking for 'iraf' subdir ... [ OK ]
Checking for 'irafbin' subdir ... [ OK ]
Checking for 'irafbin/bin.redhat' subdir ... [ OK ]
Checking for 'irafbin/noao.bin.redhat' subdir ... [ OK ]
Checking Core system binary directory ... [ OK ]
Checking NOAO package binary directory ... [ OK ]
Checking that local bin directory exists ... [ OK ]
Checking for existing commands directory... [ OK ]
Proceed with installation? (yes):
=======================================================================
=
========================= Begin Installation =========================
=======================================================================
=
Editing Paths

Editing the iraf user .login/.cshrc paths ... [ OK ]
Editing iraf/imdir paths into system files ... [ OK ]
Checking File Permissions

Checking iraf file permissions ... [ OK ]
Creating root imdir at /iraf/imdirs ... [ OK ]
Reset /tmp sticky bit setting ... [ OK ]
84
Setting tape device permissions ... [ OK ]
Checking alloc.e permissions ... [ OK ]
Creating File Links

Checking for /iraf symlink ... [ OK ]
Checking /usr/include directory ... [ OK ]
Creating <iraf.h> symlink ... [ OK ]
Creating iraf command links in local bin dir ... [ OK ]
Marking system update time hlib$utime ... [ OK ]
Creating Graphics Device Files

Creating /dev/imt1 fifo pipes for image display ... [ OK ]
Creating /dev/imt fifo pipes link ... [ OK ]
Checking /usr/local/lib directory ... [ OK ]
Creating /usr/local/lib/imtoolrc link ... [ OK ]
Checking if termcap file contains an XGterm entry ... [ OK ]
Checking graphcap file for XGterm/imtool entries ... [ OK ]
=======================================================================
=
===================== PostInstall Configuration =====================
=======================================================================
=
The system should be fully functional at this point however some
postinstall configuration may be required to make use of all the
features such as networking or tape access. Additional software such
as external packages or display servers will need to be installed
separately. Some minimal configuration can be accomplished now but
you should consult the IRAF Site Manager's Guide for a more complete
discussion of IRAF system management, configuration of printers, etc.
Proceed to postinstall configuration stage? (yes):
IRAF Networking Config

IRAF Networking can be used to access a remote image, tape device,
85
display server, or other network service. It's configuration is not
a requirement for normal IRAF operations and it can be updated at any
time by editing the IRAF dev$hosts file with new entries.
In this stage we will add an entry for the current platform to the
hosts file. In a local network installation this script should be run
on each system to add a networking entry as well as to install other
system files needed by IRAF.
Configure IRAF Networking on this machine? (yes):
Recommended dev$hosts file entry used for this machine:
aries25 aries25.upso.ern : aries25.upso.ernet.in!/iraf/iraf/bin.redhat/irafks.e
Proceed with this entry? (yes):
Creating backup of default dev$hosts file...
Initializing dev$hosts file ...
Host 'aries25.upso.ernet.in' has been added to the network configuration file...
Checking that iraf networking is properly enabled ... [ OK ]

Tapecap Device File Config

By default IRAF will search for a dev$tapecap.<node> file (where
<node> is the system name) when looking for a tape configuration file.
Platforms such as PCIRAF and Sun/IRAF support multiple OS versions
and so the proper template file must be used. This configuration will
allow you to setup a default tapecap for this system, it may be skipped
if this machine has no tape drive attached.
Create a default tapecap file? (yes):
Creating default file 'tapecap.aries25.upso.ern' from tapecap.linux...
In the event a dev$tapecap.<node> file is not found on this
system IRAF will fallback to use just dev$tapecap. In cases where
the node name changes, this installation is shared with another
86
machine or in a local network, or any case where a tapecap.<node>
is not found, the dev$tapecap file will be the default tapecap used
for all IRAF systems.
Do you wish to create a default dev$tapecap link? (yes):
Tapecap symlink 'tapecap' exists and is ok.

Delete Unneeded HSI Binaries

The following bin directories in the iraf$unix directories were
found to be unused on this machine:
( 4768 Kb) /iraf/iraf/unix/bin.freebsd
( 2040 Kb) /iraf/iraf/unix/bin.linux
( 3540 Kb) /iraf/iraf/unix/bin.linuxppc
( 3460 Kb) /iraf/iraf/unix/bin.macosx
( 2480 Kb) /iraf/iraf/unix/bin.sunos
( 2432 Kb) /iraf/iraf/unix/bin.suse
The contents of these directories may be safely deleted to reclaim
about 18 Mb of disk space without affecting the IRAF runtime system.
Do you wish to delete these unused HSI binaries? (yes):
Delete HSI binaries in bin.freebsd ... [ OK ]
Delete HSI binaries in bin.linux ... [ OK ]
Delete HSI binaries in bin.linuxppc ... [ OK ]
Delete HSI binaries in bin.macosx ... [ OK ]
Delete HSI binaries in bin.sunos ... [ OK ]
Delete HSI binaries in bin.suse ... [ OK ]

Strip IRAF System Sources

Source code for all IRAF tasks and interfaces is included with this
installation, but is strictly only required if you plan to develop this
87
code. The sources may be deleted from the system without affecting the
runtime environment (including help pages, compilation of external pack
ages or local task development) allowing you to reclaim 5060Mb of disk
space for the system. Stripping sources is recommended for systems very
short on space, leaving it on the system will allow IRAF site support to
send code fixes and compilation instructions as needed to fix problems
which have no other workaround.
Do you wish to strip the system of sources? (no):
=======================================================================
=
===================== PostInstall Verification ======================
=======================================================================
=
Display Server Availability

Display Servers Found on This Machine:
( Date: 6 10:02 /usr/local/bin/ximtool ) /usr/local/bin/ximtool
( Date: 6 10:02 /usr/local/bin/ximtoolalt ) /usr/local/bin/ximtoolalt
( Date: 8 2004 /usr/local/bin/ds9 ) /usr/local/bin/ds9

Graphics Terminal Availability

Graphics Terminals Found on This Machine:
( Date: 6 10:02 /usr/local/bin/xgterm ) /usr/local/bin/xgterm
( Date: 14 2004 /usr/bin/xterm ) /usr/bin/xterm
=======================================================================
=
Congratulations! IRAF has been successfully installed on this system.
88
=======================================================================
=
To begin using the system simply log in as any user and from the
directory you wish to use as your iraf login directory type:

% mkiraf # create a login.cl file
% cl # start IRAF
The 'iraf' user is already configured with a login.cl file so a simple
'cl' command is sufficient to start the system.
Additional information can be found at the IRAF web site:
http://iraf.noao.edu
Please contact site support with any questions or problems at
iraf@noao.edu
=======================================================================
=
================ Installation Completed With No Errors ===============
=======================================================================
=
please check the /iraf/iraf/unix/hlib/extern.pkg
Thanx chrisphin
[root@aries25 iraf]#exit
[chrisphin@aries25 ~]$ mkiraf
creating a new uparm directory
Terminal types: xgterm,xterm,gterm,vt640,vt100,etc.
Enter terminal type: xgterm
A new LOGIN.CL file has been created in the current directory.
You may wish to review and edit this file to change the defaults.
and then for externing the package of stsdas go to
89
>cd /iraf/iraf/unix/hlib
>vi extern.pkg
edit the earlier commands like shown below...
# External (non coresystem) packages. To install a new package, add the
# two statements to define the package root directory and package task,
# then add the package helpdb to the `helpdb' list.
reset noao = iraf$noao/
task noao.pkg = noao$noao.cl
reset tables = /iraf/extern/tables/
task tables.pkg = tables$tables.cl
reset stsdas = /iraf/extern/stsdas/
task stsdas.pkg = stsdas$stsdas.cl
reset helpdb = "lib$helpdb.mip\
,noao$lib/helpdb.mip\
,tables$lib/helpdb.mip\
,stsdas$lib/helbdb.mip\
"
keep
That's it.
HAVE A FUN.
90
IGeneral
For Aries 40 inch:
Readout Noise: 5.3 e
Gain : 10 e/ADU
Saturation level:28000
For HCT:
Readout noise is : 4.8
Gain is : 1.22
Saturation level : 63000
CALCULATING AIRMASS THROUGH MIDAS:
Midas 016> compute/airmass 13,23,35.2 36,07,59.5 ? 300 79,28,00 29,21,36 2006,5,03 17,20,00
Julian date: 2.453859222222E+06
Local mean sidereal time: 13 : 23 : 44.155
Airmass: 1.00707E+00
Midas 017>
Midas 016> compute/airmass RA DEC S.T EXPOTIME LONG LATI YYYY/M/DD UT
If dont know the ST just type ? in that place
91
II.Airmass Calculation Program
# Define variables.
# observatory = "IAO"
long = 281:02.15
lat = 32:46.77
ut = sexstr ((@'tm_start'+0.1) / 3600.)
# obd = sexstr(@'dateobs')a
# This is for 2k2nov15 (yy:mm:dd)
ep = epoch ('20060312',ut)
jd = julday ('20060312',ut)
st = mst ('20060312',ut, long)
rap = ra_precess (ra, dec, ep, 2000)
dap = dec_precess (ra, dec, ep, 2000)
HA = rap st
airmass = airmass (rap, dap, st, lat)

# print(obd)
print(ut)
print(ep)
print(jd)
print(st)
print(airmass)
# airmass = eairmass (ra, dec, mst, itime, obsdb (observat, "latitude"))
92
III.FEAR FeAr Line List 3000A10,000A by D. Willmarth
# units Angstroms
3443.8762 FeI
3722.5625 FeI
3859.9114 FeI
4033.8093 ArII
4158.5905 ArI
4198.3036 FeI
4348.0640 ArII
4427.3039 FeI
4545.0519 ArII
4657.9012 ArII
4764.8646 ArII
4879.8635 ArII
4965.0795 ArII
5167.4873 FeI
5227.1697 FeI
5269.5366 FeI
5328.0376 FeI
5371.4892 FeI
5606.7330 ArI
5912.0853 ArI
6032.1274 ArI
6114.9234 ArII
6416.3071 ArI
6677.2817 ArI
6752.8335 ArI
6871.2891 ArI
6965.4307 ArI
7067.2181 ArI
7272.9359 ArI
7383.9805 ArI
7635.1060 ArI
93
IV.Spectrum Extinction file for IAO (spec_ext.dat)
3000. 0.709266663
3050. 0.666614115
3100. 0.62731874
3150. 0.591068327
3200. 0.557584167
3250. 0.526616693
3300. 0.497942328
3350. 0.471360266
3400. 0.446689993
3450. 0.423768848
3500. 0.402450085
3550. 0.382601142
3600. 0.364102066
3650. 0.346844196
3700. 0.330728948
3750. 0.315666676
3800. 0.301575929
3850. 0.288382441
3900. 0.27601853
3950. 0.264422387
4000. 0.253537506
4050. 0.24331215
4100. 0.233698964
4150. 0.224654481
4200. 0.21613881
4250. 0.208115265
4300. 0.200550109
4350. 0.193412289
4400. 0.186673149
4450. 0.180306271
4500. 0.174287245
4550. 0.168593511
4600. 0.163204208
4650. 0.158099994
4700. 0.153262973
4750. 0.14867653
4800. 0.144325256
4850. 0.140194833
4900. 0.136271924
4950. 0.13254416
5000. 0.129000008
5050. 0.125628695
5100. 0.122420244
5150. 0.119365282
5200. 0.116455086
5250. 0.113681495
5300. 0.111036889
5350. 0.108514145
5400. 0.106106579
5450. 0.103807941
94
5500. 0.101612359
5550. 0.0995143577
5600. 0.0975087583
5650. 0.0955907404
5700. 0.0937557369
5750. 0.0919994786
5800. 0.0903179497
5850. 0.0887073651
5900. 0.0871641561
5950. 0.0856849775
6000. 0.0842666626
6050. 0.0829062387
6100. 0.0816008821
6150. 0.0803479403
6200. 0.0791449174
6250. 0.0779894367
6300. 0.0768792704
6350. 0.0758122951
6400. 0.0747865066
6450. 0.0738000199
6500. 0.0728510395
6550. 0.0719378665
6600. 0.0710588917
6650. 0.0702125877
6700. 0.0693975165
6750. 0.0686122924
6800. 0.0678556263
6850. 0.0671262667
6900. 0.0664230511
6950. 0.0657448545
7000. 0.0650906265
7050. 0.0644593537
7100. 0.0638500676
7150. 0.0632618666
7200. 0.062693879
7250. 0.0621452704
7300. 0.0616152622
7350. 0.0611030944
7400. 0.0606080554
7450. 0.0601294637
7500. 0.0596666671
7550. 0.05921904
7600. 0.0587859936
7650. 0.0583669618
7700. 0.0579614006
7750. 0.057568796
7800. 0.0571886562
7850. 0.0568205081
7900. 0.0564638972
7950. 0.0561183989
8000. 0.0557835922
8050. 0.0554590896
95
8100. 0.0551445074
8150. 0.0548394881
8200. 0.0545436852
8250. 0.0542567633
8300. 0.0539784022
8350. 0.0537083037
8400. 0.0534461737
8450. 0.0531917289
8500. 0.0529447012
8550. 0.0527048372
8600. 0.0524718799
8650. 0.052245602
8700. 0.0520257652
8750. 0.0518121608
8800. 0.051604569
8850. 0.0514027961
8900. 0.0512066409
8950. 0.0510159172
9000. 0.0508304499
9050. 0.0506500639
9100. 0.0504745916
9150. 0.0503038764
9200. 0.050137762
9250. 0.0499760993
9300. 0.0498187467
9350. 0.0496655703
9400. 0.0495164357
9450. 0.0493712127
9500. 0.0492297821
9550. 0.0490920246
9600. 0.0489578284
9650. 0.0488270782
9700. 0.048699677
9750. 0.0485755131
9800. 0.0484544933
9850. 0.0483365245
9900. 0.0482215099
9950. 0.0481093638
10000. 0.0480000004
10050. 0.0478933342
10100. 0.0477892905
10150. 0.047687795
10200. 0.0475887656
10250. 0.0474921316
10300. 0.0473978296
10350. 0.0473057851
10400. 0.0472159423
10450. 0.0471282303
96
V.Extinction Coefficients for ARIES
The extinction coeff. measured for Dec2, 2005 is given below for each filter.
U 0.458727+/0.010090
B 0.245316+/ 0.010248
V 0.134039+/0.004601
R 0.091876+/0.002154
I 0.050587+/0.002275
The transformation coeff. for the same night is given below. The first colum is the
equation used, second column is the slope, then error in slope, then intercept, error
in intercept.
slope error intercept error
BVbv 0.994553 0.01317 0.346141 0.01704
VvBV 0.0179182086 0.0177878 3.2054812 0.01676718
RIri 1.04770505 0.0323265 0.531954765 0.007405
UBub 0.86043411 0.0232752 1.61161196 0.05531368
VIvi 0.99450880 0.023112 0.5001866 0.016288
VvVI 0.018754551 0.0165158 3.2085557 0.01765941
VRvr 0.947630703 0.030370 0.01078140 0.017623
VRvr 0.934882 0.02597 0.0220804 0.01542
VvVR 0.0364902467 0.0308615 3.2083962 0.016983876
UuUB 0.1290 0.03 5.4014 0.02
The extinction correction u can give like this.
u0=uKu * X
b0=bKb * X
v0=vKv * X
r0=rKr * X
i0=iKi *X
where, ubvri are the observed magnitudes(without any correction)
u0, b0,v0,r0, i0 are th extinction corrected using the above relation
Ku,Kb,Kv,Kr,Ki are the extinctions coeffs. which is given above for
97
each filters. X is the respective airmasses.
then the eqns. for giving transformation coeffs. is given below.
(UB) = a1 * (u0b0)+a2
(BV) = b1 * (b0v0)+b2
(VI) = c1 * (v0i0)+c2
(VR) = d1 * (v0r0)+d2
(RI) = e1 * (r0i0)+e2
Vv0 = f1 * (BV)+f2
Vv0 = g1 * (VR)+g2
......
This way u can make any combination of eqns.
here a1,a2,b1,b2,c1,c2.... etc are the std coeffs. which is given above.
u can directly use those coefficients. and UBVRI are the std magnitude from
the Landolt.
After rearranging the last two eqns, u can get the final std V mag. then from V std mag,
u can get std mag for any other filters.
Location, Nainital is situated at 29 degree 24' north latitude and 79 degree 28' east longitude. Altitude,
1938 Meters or 6360 ft, above sea level.
98
VI.Site Characteristics of HCT
32d46m46s N
Latitude
78d57m51s E
Longitude
4500 meters above msl
Altitude
Low
Seismicity
Median 2.2 m/s (8 kmph) at night
Wind Speed
Prevailing southsoutheasterly
Wind Direction
Low ambient temperature and very low
humidity
< 7 cm
Annual precipitation of rain & snow
< 2 mm between October and April
Precipitable water vapour
~ 260 per year
Number of spectroscopic nights
~ 190 per year
Number of photometric nights
< 1 arcsec
Median seeing
Uniform distribution of useful nights round
the year
(79d E) Canary Islands (20d W); Eastern
Longitudinal advantage Australia(157d E)
Good accessibility round the yer
99
VII.Extinction and Sky Brightness for HCT
Mean Extinction Values (2000 December 2003 January)
0.353 +/ 0.037
U
0.209 +/ 0.029
B
0.121 +/ 0.032
V
0.0823 +/ 0.037
R
0.0497 +/ 0.027
I
Mean night sky brightness (1995 & 2002)
23.64 +/ 0.57
U
22.94 +/ 0.50
B
21.52 +/ 0.21
V
20.20 +/ 0.35
R
18.60 +/ 0.21
I
100
VIII .Halpha filter response curve for HCT
101
IX.FeAr wavelength identification1
102
X.FeAr wavelength identification2
103
XI.FeNe wavelength identification
104
XII.Standard calibration data for extinction from IRAF
The onedstds$ directory contains standard calibration data for extinction and
sensitivity calibration as used in the ONEDSPEC, TWODSPEC, and the various
IMRED packages.
EXTINCTION TABLES
(eg extinction = onedstds$kpnoextinct.dat)
ctioextinct.dat CTIO extinction table for ONEDSPEC (in Angstroms)
The CTIO extinction curve distributed with IRAF comes from the work of
Stone & Baldwin (1983 MN 204, 347) and Baldwin & Stone (1984 MN 206,
241). The first of these papers lists the points from 32008370A while
the second extended the flux calibration from 6056 to 10870A but the
derived extinction curve was not given in the paper. The IRAF table
follows SB83 out to 6436, the redder points presumably come from BS84
with averages used in the overlap region.
More recent CTIO extinction curves are shown as Figures in Hamuy
et al (92, PASP 104, 533 ; 94 PASP 106, 566).
Steve Heathcote, Mon, 19 Jul 1999
kpnoextinct.dat KPNO extinction table for ONEDSPEC (in Angstroms)
MISCELLANEOUS
ctio Directory containing CTIO decker comb positions and
neutral density filter curves (used with NDPREP).
FLUX STANDARD DIRECTORIES
(eg caldir = onedstds$iidscal/)
blackbody Directory for using blackbody flux distributions in
various magnitude bands.
bstdscal Directory of the brighter KPNO IRS standards (i.e. those
with HR numbers) at 29 bandpasses, data from various
sources transformed to the Hayes and Latham system,
105
unpublished.
ctiocal Directory containing fluxes for the southern tertiary
standards as published by Baldwin & Stone, 1984, MNRAS,
206, 241 and Stone and Baldwin, 1983, MNRAS, 204, 347.
ctionewcal Directory containing fluxes at 50A steps in the blue range
33007550A for the tertiary standards of Baldwin and
Stone derived from the revised calibration of Hamuy et
al., 1992, PASP, 104, 533. This directory also contains
the fluxes of the tertiaries in the red (605010000A) at
50A steps as will be published in PASP (Hamuy et al
1994). The combined fluxes are obtained by gray
shifting the blue fluxes to match the red fluxes in the
overlap region of 6500A7500A and averaging the red and
blue fluxes in the overlap. The separate red and blue
fluxes may be selected by following the star name with
"red" or "blue"; i.e. CD 32 blue.
iidscal Directory of the KPNO IIDS standards at 29 bandpasses,
data from various sources transformed to the Hayes and
Latham system, unpublished.
irscal Directory of the KPNO IRS standards at 78 bandpasses,
data from various sources transformed to the Hayes and
Latham system, unpublished (note that in this directory the
brighter standards have no values the `bstdscal' directory
must be used for these standards at this time).
oke1990 Directory of spectrophotometric standards observed for use
with the HST, Table VII, Oke 1990, AJ, 99. 1621 (no
correction was applied). An arbitrary 1A bandpass
is specified for these smoothed and interpolated
flux "points". Users may copy and modify these files
for other bandpasses.
redcal Directory of standard stars with flux data beyond 8370A.
These stars are from the IRS or the IIDS directory but
have data extending as far out into the red as the
literature permits. Data from various sources.
spechayescal The KPNO spectrophotometric standards at the Hayes flux
points, Table IV, Spectrophotometric Standards, Massey
et al., 1988, ApJ 328, p. 315.
spec16cal Directory containing fluxes at 16A steps in the blue
range 33007550A for the secondary standards, published
in Hamuy et al., 1992, PASP, 104, 533. This directory
106
also contains the fluxes of the secondaries in the red
(602010300A) at 16A steps as will be published in PASP
(Hamuy et al 1994). The combined fluxes are obtained by
gray shifting the blue fluxes to match the red fluxes in
the overlap region of 6500A7500A and averaging the blue
and red fluxes in the overlap. The separate red and
blue fluxes may be selected by following the star name
with "red" or "blue"; i.e. HR 1544 blue.
spec50cal The KPNO spectrophotometric standards at 50 A intervals.
The data are from (1) Table V, Spectrophotometric Standards,
Massey et al., 1988, ApJ 328, p. 315 and (2) Table 3, The
Kitt Peak Spectrophotometric Standards: Extension to 1
micron, Massey and Gronwall, 1990, ApJ 358, p. 344.
STANDARD STAR MENUS

Blackbody calibrations in onedstds$blackbody/
U B V R I J H K L Lprime M
Magnitude conversions are available between V, J, H, K, L, Lprime, and M
but for U, B, R, and I the star magnitudes must be in the same bandpass.

Standard stars in onedstds$bstdscal/
hr718 hr3454 hr3982 hr4468 hr4534
hr5191 hr5511 hr7001 hr7596 hr7950
hr8634 hr9087 hd15318 hd74280 hd100889
hd188350 hd198001 hd214923 hd224926

Standard stars in onedstds$ctiocal/
bd25 eg139 feige56 l2415 l93080
bd73632 eg149 feige98 l2511 l97030
bd8 eg158 g16350 l3218 lds235
cd32 eg248 g2631 l3864 lds749
eg11 eg274 g9937 l4364 ltt4099
107
eg21 f15 h600 l4816 ltt8702
eg26 f25 hz2 l6248 ross627
eg31 f56 hz4 l7379 w1346
eg54 f98 hz15 l7987 w485a
eg63 f110 kopf27 l8702 wolf1346
eg76 feige110 l377 l9239 wolf485a
eg79 feige15 l1020 l9491
eg99 feige25 l1788 l74546

Standard stars in onedstds$ctionewcal/:
Combined red and blue 3300A10000A:
cd32 f56 l2415 l4364 l7987
eg21 h600 l3218 l4816 l9239
eg274 l1020 l377 l6248 l9491
f110 l1788 l3864 l7379 l745
Blue 3300A7550A:
cd32blue f56blue l2415blue l4364blue l7987blue
eg21blue h600blue l3218blue l4816blue l9239blue
eg274blue l1020blue l377blue l6248blue l9491blue
f110blue l1788blue l3864blue l7379blue
Red 6050A10000A:
cd32red f56red l2415red l4364red l7987red
eg21red h600red l3218red l4816red l9239red
eg274red l1020red l377red l6248red l9491red
f110red l1788red l3864red l7379red l745red

Standard stars in onedstds$iidscal/
40erib eg50 eg149 g16350 hz4 lds235b
amcvn eg54 eg158 g191b2b hz7 lds749b
bd253941 eg63 eg162 g2610 hz14 lft1655
bd284211 eg67 eg182 g2631 hz15 lp414101
108
bd332642 eg71 eg184 g4718 hz29 ltt13002
bd404032 eg76 eg193 g88 hz43 ltt16294
bd73632 eg77 eg247 g9937 hz44 ltt4099
bd7781 eg79 eg248 gd128 kopff27 ltt8702
bd82015 eg91 feige15 gd140 l13633 ross627
eg11 eg98 feige24 gd190 l140349 ross640
eg20 eg99 feige25 gh7112 l14094 sa29130
eg26 eg102 feige34 grw705824 l151234b sao131065
eg28 eg119 feige56 grw708247 l74546a ton573
eg29 eg129 feige92 grw738031 l8702 wolf1346
eg31 eg139 feige98 he3 l93080 wolf485a
eg33 eg144 feige110 hiltner102 l97030
eg39 eg145 g12627 hiltner600 lb1240
eg42 eg148 g14563 hz2 lb227

Standard stars in onedstds$irscal/
bd082015 eg50 feige34 hd117880 hd60778 hr7001
bd174708 eg71 feige56 hd161817 hd74721 hz44
bd253941 eg139 feige92 hd17520 hd84937 kopff27
bd262606 eg158 feige98 hd192281 hd86986 wolf1346
bd284211 eg247 feige110 hd19445 he3
bd332642 feige15 g191b2b hd217086 hiltner102
bd404032 feige25 hd109995 hd2857 hiltner600

Standard stars in onedstds$oke1990/
bd284211 feige110 feige67 g191b2b g249 gd248 ltt9491 eg71
bd75325 feige34 g13831 g19374 gd108 hz21 eg158 eg247

Standard stars in onedstds$redcal/
40erib eg63 eg139 eg248 gd140 hz44 ltt16294
amcvn eg67 eg144 feige24 gd190 l13633 ltt4099
bd7781 eg76 eg145 g12627 grw705824 l14094 ltt8702
bd73632 eg79 eg148 g14563 grw708247 l151234b ross627
bd174708 eg91 eg149 g16350 grw738031 l74546a ross640
109
bd262606 eg98 eg162 g191b2b hd19445 l93080 sa29130
eg20 eg99 eg182 g2610 hd84937 l97030 sao131065
eg33 eg102 eg184 g2631 he3 lds235b wolf1346
eg50 eg119 eg193 g4718 hz29 lds749b wolf485a
eg54 eg129 eg247 g9937 hz43 lft1655

Standard stars in onedstds$spec16cal/:
Combined red and blue 3300A10300A:
hd15318 hd74280 hd114330 hd188350 hd214923
hd30739 hd100889 hd129956 hd198001 hd224926
hr1544 hr4468 hr5501 hr7596 hr8634
hr3454 hr4963 hr718 hr7950 hr9087
Blue 3300A7550A:
hd15318blue hd74280blue hd114330blue hd188350blue hd214923blue
hd30739blue hd100889blue hd129956blue hd198001blue hd224926blue
hr1544blue hr4468blue hr5501blue hr7596blue hr8634blue
hr3454blue hr4963blue hr718blue hr7950blue hr9087blue
Red 6020A10300A:
hd15318red hd74280red hd114330red hd188350red hd214923red
hd30739red hd100889red hd129956red hd198001red hd224926red
hr1544red hr4468red hr5501red hr7596red hr8634red
hr3454red hr4963red hr718red hr7950red hr9087red

Standard stars in onedstds$spec50cal/ (3200A 8100 A)
bd284211 eg247 feige34 hd192281 pg0205134 pg0934554 wolf1346
cygob2no9 eg42 feige66 hd217086 pg0216032 pg0939262
eg139 eg71 feige67 hilt600 pg0310149 pg1121145
eg158 eg81 g191b2b hz14 pg0823546 pg1545035
eg20 feige110 gd140 hz44 pg0846249 pg1708602
Standard stars in onedstds$spec50cal/ (3200A 10200A)
110
bd284211 eg247 feige34 g191b2b hz44
eg139 eg71 feige66 gd140 pg0823546
eg158 feige110 feige67 hilt600 wolf1346

Standard stars in onedstds$spechayescal/
bd284211 eg139 feige67 hd217086 pg0216032 pg0939262
cygob2no9 eg158 feige110 hiltner600 pg0310149 pg1121145
eg42 eg247 g191b2b hz14 pg0823546 pg1545035
eg71 feige34 gd140 hz44 pg0846249 pg1708602
eg81 feige66 hd192281 pg0205134 pg0934554 wolf1346
111

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