Issue 154 April 2013

Being Curated
SURVEY

Dan Fox invited eight artists and artist groups to reflect on their relationships to
curators
and
curatorial
discourse.
Alongside
responses
from Ed
Atkins,Marc Camille Chaimowicz, Nick Mauss, Tom Nicholson, Paulina
Olowska, Slavs and Tatarsand W.A.G.E., Daniel Buren reassesses his 1972
statement Exhibiting Exhibitions

Daniel Buren, Les cabanes clates imbriques, travail in situ (Exploded Overlapping Cabins, Work in Situ),
2011, installation view at Centre Pompidou-Metz

Dan Fox
Second only, perhaps, to the white-hot temperatures of the art market, the rise of the
curator has been one of the most discussed developments in art over the past 15 years. The
growth of the profession has wrought profound changes on how we think about exhibitions
and what institutions can be. It has helped networks of artists to grow, and has shone a
light on the overlooked and underappreciated. It has also assumed ministerial power in
art-industry war games, and has in Europe and the US, at least taken over from
television production as the sensible option for nice middle-class youngsters wanting a
career in the arts. No other word or phrase from the professional lexicon of contemporary
art has leaked so quickly into widespread popular usage as curating. When its not
celebrities curating your lunchtime sushi box or clothes shops curating your summer
sock collection, curating is the motor of power and discourse in exhibition-making. For the
most part, the conversation about curating has largely been dominated by curators. (The
many who freelance as critics have also altered the nature of such basic staples of art
writing as exhibition reviews. But thats another story.)
This does not strike me as the healthiest situation. (Then again, junior curators at New
Yorks Museum of Modern Art in the 1950s probably thought the same about the
omnipotent critics of their day.) Yes, there are exceptions, and yes, I am generalizing. Of
course, Im not the first to have wondered what the implications of the growth of curatorial
power are for artists. Curators like critics are nothing without art, no matter what the
most meta-inclined of curatorial theorists might argue. In 1972, Daniel Buren published a
short statement titled Exposition dune exposition (Exhibiting Exhibitions) in the
catalogue for Documenta V, in which he complained that: The subject of exhibitions tends
more and more to be not so much the exhibition of works of art, as the exhibition of the
exhibition as a work of art. Burens text (in its 1992 English translation) prefaces this
survey, for which we asked a small selection of artists to respond to the following
questions: how do they feel about their role in the discourses of curating? What do they
think about their work being placed in themed exhibitions or biennials, or in the context of
new exhibition formats and experiments in display? Are they happy to engage in dialogue
with curators when shaping exhibitions, or do they feel instrumentalized, their work put at
the service of someone elses interests? And how do artists who curate and there are
many feel about their position in relation to professional curators?

Reflecting today on his original statement, Buren still argues passionately against the
grandiose excesses of auteur curating and the exhibition of the exhibition as a work of art.
Other responses speak about firm but productive negotiations, or liken their experiences
with curators to finely nuanced social encounters, both parties making discoveries about
the art work and the porousness of their respective roles. Together, these reflections
provide a snapshot of an ever-changing field of relations, one in which, as the saying goes,
Its complicated.
DANIEL BUREN: EXHIBITING EXHIBITIONS

Daniel Buren, Exhibition of an Exhibition, A work in 7 pieces, Work in Situ, exhibition view at Documenta V,
Kassel, 1972, (standing next to a Flag by Jasper Johns)

The subject of exhibitions tends more and more to be not so much the exhibition of works
of art, as the exhibition of the exhibition as a work of art.
Here, it is unmistakably the ( ), headed by ( ),* that
exhibits [expose] (the works) and lays itself open [sexpose] (to the critics). The works
presented are strokes of colours painstakingly selected of the picture that makes up

each section (room) in its totality. There is even an order in these colours, for they are
enclosed and composed in relation to the design of the section (selection) in which they
are displayed/presented. These sections (castrations) themselves strokes of colours
painstakingly selected of the picture that makes up the exhibition in its totality and in
its very principle, only make their appearance under the aegis of the organizer, the
person who re-unifies art by making it all the same in the casket/screen he prepares for
it. It is the organizer who deals with and screens all contradictions.
So it is true that the exhibition weighs in as its own subject, and its own subject as a work
of art.
The exhibition is clearly the enhancing receptacle1 [receptacle valorisant] where art not
only plays out its part but is also engulfed. For if, even yesterday, works were revealed
thanks to the Museum, nowadays they are no more than so much decorative gadgetry
helping the Museum to survive as a picture or tableau, the author of which is none other
than the very organizer of the exhibition. And the artist hurls himself and his work into
this trap, because the artist and his work are powerless, by dint of artistic practice, and
can do no more than let someone else the organizer do the exhibiting. Whence the
exhibition as art tableau, and as the limit of art exhibitions.2
In this way, the limits created by art itself, to act as a bolt-hole, turn against it by
imitating it, and arts refuge, once formed by its limits, turns out to be the justification,
the reality, and the grave.
September 1992
* New edition of a text with the same title published on the occasion of Documenta V in
1972. Always topical, the exhibition and organizer of your choice can be placed in this spot.
1 Postface, Michel Claura, 18 Paris lV 70, Marcel Broodthaers, Michel Claura and Robert
Barry,

International

General,

1970

2 Rahmen in Position Proposition, Museum of Mnchengladbach, 1971

41 years later! After accepting Exhibiting Exhibitions for the Documenta V catalogue in
1972, Harald Szeemann told me that my text was intelligent but having very little to do
with the reality! However, even if he was then correct (which I dont believe, because if I
identified the problem its because it already existed or was just emerging), it sooner or
later became an obvious reality, proving that my analysis was not just a theory stemming
from my imagination. That said, few organizers since Szeemann not least the ones who

consider themselves artists are anywhere near as talented as he was. Szeemann was
absolutely the inventor of this new tendency in the art world; the organizer as the real
artist in the show or, at least, the one above all the other participating artists.
Since that time, in terms of group exhibitions, to my eyes everything has come adrift. Its
almost grotesque to see how exhibitions are increasingly becoming opportunities for an
organizer or a curator or whoever to write an essay which usually has nothing to do with
the artists invited, but concerns only his or her philosophy about art and society, politics or
aesthetics. Exhibitions focus increasingly univocally on who makes the show, and we can
see that the artists chosen to illustrate his/her theory are mainly the same from one
exhibition to the next. So the very same works are, show after show, illustrating extremely
different themes or theories, without any problem. In fact, and this is quite reassuring, no
one cares starting with the artists themselves about the discourse produced by these
exhibition organizers. The only ones who pay attention to and speak about the organizers
are the organizers themselves, or art critics who dont speak about the artists in the
exhibition so much as about the organizer, perhaps dreaming secretly to be an organizer of
exhibitions themselves.
Many artists are content to be invited to take part in a show, without criticizing either
whoever invited them or the farcical situation in which they have become mere objects. On
the one hand, its because their concern is to be invited regardless of the conditions,
making sure that this is primarily important for themselves and not realizing that, little by
little, their works are melting into a vague soup that is becoming more and more
indigestible. I still dream (if I didnt, then I would be completely depressed) of a general
uprising!
Daniel Buren is an artist living in France. Recent exhibitions include Excentrique(s),
work in situ, in Monumenta 2012, Grand Palais, Paris, France (May 2012); and
Electricity Paper Vinyl works in situ, Bortolami Gallery / Petzel Gallery, New York,
USA (January 2013). In September, he will have an exhibition at Instituto Cultural
Cabaas, Guadalajara, Mexico.

MARC CAMILLE CHAIMOWICZ

Marc Camille Chaimowicz, Jean Cocteau, (detail), 200312, installation view as part of A
Bigger Splash: Painting After Performance, Tate Modern Dear Dan,

A time was such when curators preferred the inanimate They were more at ease with
objects, things, art works than they were with people. Artists were just as suspicious

and, more at ease with a drink, were often aggressive. At once both patronising yet over
reverent the curators positioning towards artists has long been one of ambivalence in
their turn artists felt misunderstood were often arrogant or paranoid or both. Small
wonder then, that there was a common mistrust
Performance went some way to redressing this of necessity we were, after all, working
in real time and there was nowhere to hide it may indeed have precipitated a climate
change because some form of dialogue between artists and curators, generally with some
urgency, had now become a necessity. Of course, artists still drank too much, but now as
often than not in the company of the curators and so began the realization that we might
yet, after all, be sharing a common agenda So it is no mere coincidence that this key
word, performance, should now feature in both the titles of two current Tate exhibitions
in which my work is included: A Bigger Splash: Painting after Performance at Tate
Modern, London, and Glam! The Performance of Style, at Tate Liverpool.
Is it not curious that the showing of my more anarchic installationCelebration? Realife
Revisited (19722000), in Liverpool, should have arisen from the more traditional route of
a simple loan request ? My contributions to the Tate Modern show Jean
Cocteau (200312), J&J and After Image (both 2012) were, however, the result of a
protracted yet focused dialogue with the curators which, in turn, shaped my contribution
and procured work thematically specific to the exhibition. So, whilst the axis of the curator
curating work from the artist remained this was nonetheless symptomatic of a new
sensibility which now took one from awkward imbalance to greater parity
You may recall a brief exchange we had recently in London. Well, I am now writing from
Paris where I am preparing for the exhibition we spoke about, to be held at the Muse dArt
moderne de la Ville de Paris/ARC this autumn. I have been invited to be artistic director
for DECORUM and I shall be working principally with the curator Anne Dressen and
architect Christine Ilex on the staging of more than 100 carpets, rugs and tapestries by
modern and contemporary artists
Ranging from the Primitive to the Conceptual, these are to be displayed in a variety
of ways I elaborate as the resultant show will emerge from a uniquely close collaboration
between curator, artist and architect
I shall be dealing with issues once deemed outside of an artists remit as diverse as the
means of display, patternation and the use of wallpapers, the designing of motifs for
Axminster, dcor as back-drop, the mapping of a floor plan and so on. And, given that

much of the work to be shown oscillates between fine and applied arts, between high and
low culture, a degree of slippage will surely mirror emerging shifts of museological
emphasis?
Initially somewhat tentatively, we are now, with greater aplomb, developing a shared
language by which to elaborate on a possible scenography, and it seems that as we move
from the mechanistic to the complicit, so we may be heading towards possible
Baudelairean harmonies
I hope this goes some way to meeting your request, and meanwhile look forward to seeing
you soon,
Amicably yours, Marc Camille
Marc Camille Chaimowicz was born in postwar Paris, France, and lives and works between
London, UK, and Burgundy, France. His installation Celebration? Realife Revisited (1972
2000) is currently included in Glam! The Performance of Style at Tate Liverpool, uk.
Forthcoming exhibitions include En Suspension, curated by the artist, at FRAC des Pays
de la Loire, Carquefou, France (April 2013). In February, Madame Bovary by Gustave
Flaubert, a work by Marc Camille Chaimowicz, was published by Four Corners Books.

ED ATKINS

Ed Atkins, Us Dead Talk Love, 2012, emulsion, Indian ink, photocopy and archival tape on board,
20 panels in 5 suites, 2.41.2 m

My experience, which is conspicuously limited, is that there can be a great element of

collusion in working directly with a good curator: something a little giddy and excited and
very much in secretive, esoteric accord. The chance for lots of thrilled affirming and urgent
exchanges that, publicly, probably manifest as a kind of obscure fraternity an expression
of faith in the work and in the possibilities of the relationship and in the wider contexts
and discourses that it might induct or contribute to.

Curating, it seems to me, might best be understood as a kind of relationship a friendship

that is both committed and somehow capricious enough to be, in any product of the
relation, altruistic. Theres a very real possibility that artists and curators are the same and
the other to one another.
A scene of hospitality maybe warrants analogy here, where the host and guest are
productively confused. Here, I suppose that the curator begins in the role of the host, and
the artist in the role of the guest though I wouldnt say that with any certainty. The
institution or gallery, or wherever the work is housed, is the curator-hosts home. As the
artist-guest, I dont know whether I need to take my shoes off or use coasters under drinks
or whether I can ask for a hard drink or avoid conversations about politics or what. The
curator-host, however, doesnt really know the my (such as it is authoritative) of my work,
which is paradoxically a precondition of their hosting, so its more than likely that the two
roles switch and continue to do so in the process of making the show. In lieu of the third
party: the audience.
So this relationship and its slippages might, in this idealized mode, do something pretty
much occult to the identities of both the curator and me, however temporarily insofar as
they are confused, they are the same and they are so very different to one another as to be
profoundly incoherent.
In working directly with an artist rather than at a remove with simply the work of an
artist the curator, I think, might confront a conspicuously alien aspect of their own
identity and, at least partially, actually be the artist no doubt in all their banality and
anxiety.
For myself, the confusion between a curator and me can be hugely productive. And while
my vanity is certainly well served in the situation, I would say that its as close as I get to
the mysteries of collaboration which is to say, in this context, that it doesnt feel like
collaboration, because theres not really a consistent division.
I should say that Im predominantly thinking of my gallerists when I talk about this kind of
curatorial encounter. Certainly the relative long-termism of that relationship presents a
marked difference to a comparable institutional contact.
Still, there have been several other experiences of wonderful equi-valence, in my brief time
as an artist, that makes me think that, despite any quixotic sensation about the above, its
not actually as rare as a more cynical, antipathetic telling might have you believe. Some of
my very best friends are curators.

Ed Atkins lives in London, UK. Recent solo projects include those at MoMA PS1, New
York, USA, and Chisenhale Gallery, London. In August, he will present a solo exhibition
at the Kunsthalle Zurich, Switzerland.
NICK MAUSS

Nick Mauss, Concern, Crush, Desire, 2011, cotton appliqu on velvet, brass doorknobs and door
stoppers, installation view as part of the 2012 Whitney Biennial, 3.32.4 2.9 m

Nobody likes the curator as functionary or octopus, pushing artists profiles through the
various templates of the art system. But the emergence of this figure cannot have taken
place without the consent of artists, their dealers, apparent critics, collectors, etc. and by
an abdication of responsibility, a loss of glamour, even, on behalf of all these parties
while promoting an illusion of increased sparkle. The question now is how willingly all of
us answer to and over-emphasize the demands of an attention economy.
Or, we could work slowly, deliberately, giving licence to indulgence or dissolution, and
allow things to come together. What if the frame of an exhibition could be a passageway, a
transitional, jarring, erotic space, a left-over velvet applique antechamber in a cosmetics
emporium, a pre-echo that shudders through algorithms of wanting: Marcel Broodthaers >
Sturtevant > Madeleine Vionnet? What are other ways of relating things, of proposing
counter-constellations, of making problematic correlations? These are the questions I
asked myself as I worked very closely and with great pleasure with two curators as an artist
included in a recent biennial, as a way of making my presence porous within the
framework of this particular attention-grab. Something like a presence that also had the
intensity of an absence of self-annihilation. As they opened up the entirety of the
museums collection to me, and as I navigated through the database, it began to call out
different names, to radically affect my paths of search and selection.
I also remember going through the vetting process of one particularly cynical youth
triennial, which was managed entirely via email, in order to allow for the filtering of large
amounts of data points (masses of recommended names and pdf portfolios) to arrive at a
final selection of artists, all under the premise that this was a new and up-to-date way of
generating an exhibition: globally, digitally. By the time I was invited to participate in the
exhibition and to sign off on the image rights to photographs of my own work for purposes
of the institutions publicity, I realized that there was no reason for me to participate in this
show, as all the relationships had become flat, entirely interchangeable. I had never met or
spoken to any of the curators, I had no idea what the show was supposed to be about, or
what it was even interested in being about, and thought it strange that nobody questioned
the complete perversion of the exhibition as a possibility to a fully realized bureaucratic
travesty.
Self-sabotage as aesthetic.
Nick Mauss is an artist who lives in New York, USA.

TOM NICHOLSON

Tom Nicholson, Evening shadows, 201112, installation in the Elder Wing of Art Gallery of South
Australia of 38 painted copies of H.J. Johnstones Evening Shadows (1881), borrowed from citizens
in and around Adelaide, and a stack of 10,000 off-set printed posters, each poster: 6084 cm

I have mostly been fairly privileged in having good experiences of being involved in large
themed exhibitions or biennials. In the best cases, Id say that these shows and
specifically their curatorial conceptualization honours the art work by considering it in
relation to a range of intellectual, political and experimental work, inside and outside art.
The process of exhibition-making, then, functions as part of the making public of those
relations (and the leakage) between the art work and those different kinds of intellectual,
political and experimental work. That is something I both welcome as an artist (in that I
think art should be part of our wider, collective, public discourse) and also feed upon
(those relations in turn flow into my own working and in this way become part of that
ongoing generative process that is critical to any artist).
I would not say that I have ever felt as though my work is instrumentalized. Perhaps this is
naivety on my part but, in a general sense, I have faith in the nature of the encounter with
an art work, in the wildness of that encounter, in the way that the sustained process of
attending to an interesting art work is not exhausted or contained by a single framework.
Possibly it is simply my good fortune, but the conversations and exchanges I have had with
curators in these large-scale shows have been overwhelmingly interesting, usually
generous to the work, and generally in tune with the singularity of the work and the
demands of that singularity.

At the level of the pragmatics of exhibition-making, my conversations with curators around

the physical placement of a work have occasionally been affected by curatorial
preconceptions, in a way that I have felt risks flattening the work. In these cases I have
simply said no, and that has been fine. I generally welcome very frank conversations with
curators, which are both a happy liberation from Anglo-Saxon forms of reserve about
potential disagreement or offence, but also, in the best situations, yield really interesting
insights about the work something that I imagine is the closest that an artist gets to the
position of a writer with an excellent editor. In even the most trusting and intimate
versions of this relationship with a curator, I have never the lost the sense of being able to
simply say no to a suggestion, so there is certainly a limit in that relationship I would
always maintain (and I have, at least in my experiences, always been able to maintain this
limit in a very friendly way).
On the other hand, in the published written responses to themed shows or biennials, I
think there is often a subsuming of the art work to curatorial authorship. I guess this partly
arises from the shorthand involved in the word-length limitations in reviewing. I suspect it
is also because writers are sometimes also curators or, in some wider sense, peers of
curators, and it often feels like the writing addresses curatorial structures or devices rather
than the singularity of art works. On several levels I regard this as a problem, not least in
that it flattens what an art work is or can be, the way that art works unsettle our
taxonomies and preconceptions rather than illustrating them.
As an artist living in a fairly far-flung place (Melbourne), one of the things I most
appreciate about large themed shows or biennials is contact with artists from other places.
The artists I have met through these shows have often become very close friends and
valued peers, and though we may go many years without seeing each other, the exchanges
established by that first occasion of showing together becomes the basis of a very particular
and durable connection. Though the first meeting often occurs in an institutionalized
context (a museum or a biennial) what is striking to me is that these friendships and
exchanges quickly become autonomous. They become part of the conversations, networks,
exchanges, generosity and reciprocity that enable artists to keep working, to keep
generating, and to do so with a kind of (relative or qualified) autonomy that is (and sorry
for the grandiosity of invoking this term) necessary to the strange sovereignty of art works.
Tom Nicholson is an artist who lives and works in Melbourne, Australia. He is a lecturer
in drawing at Monash Art, Design and Architecture. His work was recently part of the

inaugural Qalandiya International, a biennial event held across a number of locations in

Palestine.
PAULINA OLOWSKA

Zofia Stryjeska, installation view, 2008, an exhibition curated by Paulina Olowska for the
Schinkel Pavilion as part of the 5th Berlin Biennale
I like flirting as an artist-curator. With the works I select. With histories and themes. With
artists. With exhibition curators. With whom and with what I flirt stems from necessity, or
is the natural course of things it constitutes a key theme of my art. Art historian Claire
Bishop once described my artistic practice as direct curatorial.
Continuing with flirtation as a metaphor, Id like to talk about the exhibition Olinka, or
Where Movement is Created, held at Museo Tamayo, Mexico City, last year. The show was
inspired by the life and work of two artists, Nahui Olin and Dr. Atl, living outside of the
centre, in the idealistic-Utopian world of a Mexican province. Magnolia de la Garza and
Adam Szymczyk offered the artists they invited the opportunity to co-create the exhibition.
This joint creativity (flirtation) of curators and artists, as well as of artists and artists, took
place on three levels. Firstly, at the level of the creation of new works, or the choice of
existing ones from an artists output. Secondly, juxtaposing these in an open-ended
manner with works selected by the curators from the archive collection. Thirdly, there was
the opportunity to work together on the visual aspect of the show, for instance, through
collective discussion of the most suitable hanging of works in relation to each other. What I
mean to say is that the curators were in a permanent creative dialogue with the artists, and

the exhibition was open form up until the very last moment. The process of developing
the exhibition was dynamic and extremely fascinating. This scenario also made the artists
look at the show in a more synthetic way. They were not focused only on their own work, or
the works in the immediate vicinity of their work.
To me, it doesnt matter whos who if an artist is an artist, if a curator is a curator, if a
curator is an artist, or the other way round this is an old and very constraining narrative.
I opt for a new narrative, one that sees such categories loosely. It is my experience that the
most rewarding practice is one that involves collaboration switching traditionally ascribed
roles in order to navigate exhibition territory seamlessly, and charting the borders that are
reached in the process of development. I hope that this is the future of art and exhibitionmaking.
Paulina Olowska lives in Raba Niznam, near Krakow, Poland. The Method, an
exhibition that she devised, is currently on view at Studio Voltaire, London, UK, and in
June she will have a solo show at Kunsthalle Basel, Switzerland.

SLAVS AND TATARS

Slavs and Tatars, Beyonsense, 2012, installation view as part of Projects 98, Museum of Modern
Art, New York

It cant be oysters and foie-gras every night, can it? Otherwise, we risk coming down with
what the French suffer each new year: acrise de foie (crisis of the liver), only in this case
perhaps the homonym a crise de foi (questioning ones faith) would be more

appropriate. With curators as with lovers, friends or accountants for that matter we
must mix it up a bit. Some nights just call for plain rice and yoghurt.
While the gilded discourse surrounding the role of the curator appears increasingly
sophisticated, if not at times outright esoteric, it also comes at the expense of some brass
tacks. In these oft-amnesiac times, we tend to be in the arrire-garde rather than the
avant-garde. If anything, we seek more rather than less engagement from curators. Is it a
coincidence that the heightened logorrhea in curatorial discourse coincides with an uptick
in the transactional? Instead of entertaining a discussion about the ideas driving an
exhibition how a particular work fits the given proposal or how the context provides a
new understanding of the work, perhaps even steering it to new frontiers we are too
often asked to move immediately to questions of logistics. Transport, budget, schedules,
etc., are the standard fare before even these are cast aside in pursuit of the next pressing
engagement. Is it because such responsibilities strike most as rudimentary, low-hanging
fruit, not worthy of the otherwise noble aspirations of curators, museum staff,
administrators, gallerists and artists alike?
The actual hanging and scenography of an exhibition are as integral, if less seductive, as
the more immaterial discussions about representation, engagement or agency. We find The
Menil Collection staffs debates (not to mention hermeneutic implications) over the height
to hang a picture Jermayne MacAgys famous line that the centre should hit at the tits
as compelling and relevant as our more abstract research, into say linguistic hospitality or
mystical substitution, even if we do not paint nor have any intention to. Nearly four
decades ago, the radicalism of Heiner Friedrichs original dictum for the Dia Art
Foundation one artist, one space, one work forever still holds up against the more
daring ideas put forward today across innumerable periodicals and symposia.
Due perhaps to our own relatively late arrival to art after a decade spent in other fields,
from public-sector strategy to media and graphic design, we do not have any shame in
understanding the stakes involved as artists. We cant help but shake the feeling that we
are all every single one of us, from teacher to trapeze artist, financier to filmmaker in
the service industry. So instead of a puerile pitting of the curator versus the artist or vice
versa, we believe it would be better to ask: Service to whom? To what? For Slavs and
Tatars, the service is to our region, Eurasia; to the public; to each other. But it is also,
crucially, to the integrity of the commission and idea behind a project. Most of our work
exists largely thanks to the commission of the curator and the accompanying
institutions. Given the collective nature of our practice, we look to curators as we do to

academics, gallerists and installation crews among others, as integral partners in an almost
alchemical process, that allows for a series of thoughts to resonate spatially, formally,
intellectually and affectively.
Slavs and Tatars Behind Reason is on view at the Knstlerhaus Stuttgart, Germany,
until 6th May and their Friendship of Nations: Polish Shiite Showbiz opens at
Presentation House, Vancouver, Canada, on 12 April and runs to 26 May.
W.A.G.E.

W.A.G.E., Poster for Consciousness Coffee Klatch, 2009, NY Art Book Fair, MoMA PS1, New York

W.A.G.E. (Working Artists and the General Economy) was founded by a group of artists,
performers and independent curators who were brought together by a common sense of
institutional exploitation. Independent curators along with other cultural producers

provide a workforce within a multi-billion dollar industry from which others profit greatly.
Like artists and performers, independent curators are often not considered as wage labour
or subcontracted labourers, and relegated to fee categories that bear no compensatory
relationship to the work were asked to provide.
Last year, W.A.G.E. was invited by Tirdad Zolghadr to present a workshop with his
graduate students at the Center for Curatorial Studies at Bard College, Annandale-onHudson. Together with the class, we made a list of curatorial responsibilities and duties:
Research and development: seeing exhibitions, archival research, reading, email
correspondence,

studio

visits

and

site

visits.

Conceptualizing an exhibition: proposal writing and commissioning art works, as well as

working with artists to produce them.

Fundraising: maintaining or cultivating donor relations, both socially and through

submitting written proposals.

Legalities:

facilitating

permissions,

loans,

insurance,

contracts

and

visas.

Mounting an exhibition: overseeing exhibition design and architecture with fabricators,

writing and preparing wall texts and labels, organizing public programming, public
relations,

essay

writing

and

catalogue

design

for

publication.

Ongoing administration: oversight, invoicing, designing and maintaining budgets,

arranging shipping and managing labour from installation to de-installation.
If independent curators complete even half of the work on this list, then curatorial fees are
symbolic figures. Since we have accounted for the actual labour being performed the
kind of labour that in any other context would be remunerated unless it were an unpaid
internship we are able to quantify and valuate it in terms of real wages. This should be
done either in relation to other comparable forms of labour, or it could be a wage or fee
calibrated to the cost of living.
The rise of the independent curator has an impact upon artists because it represents
another mouth to feed from exhibition budgets. If artists and curators are pitted against
each other in the battle for compensation, we have been divided; and if curators dont
support artists by writing equitable artist fees into their budgets, we will have been
conquered by a system that inherently denies the value of all cultural labour.

W.A.G.E. is an activist group based in New York, USA, that focuses on regulating the
payment of artist fees by nonprofit art institutions, and establishing a sustainable model
for best practices between cultural producers and the institutions that contract their
labour.
Dan Fox
is senior editor of frieze and is based in New York, USA.

frieze is now accepting letters to the editors for possible publication

at editors@frieze.com.