THE EXISTENCE OF TRANSJOGJA AS MAIN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN

YOGYAKARTA
Wilda Isnaeni (Functionalism)
Dimpu Nababan (Conflict Theory)
Felisitas Diane M (Symbolic Interactionsim)
Wian Ramadiansyah (Communicative Action Theory)
Zainal Abidin Syah Alam S (Rational Choice Theory)
Abstract
Public transportation services are integral to societies. Countries need effective public
transport services for transit users, apparent or latent, who need and value different modes of public
transport. Yogyakarta, before the modes of public transportation Trans Jogja were implied, the
condition and service of public transportation is bad, performance urban bus continued to decline.
after more than 7 years the quality of transjogja doesnt improve, it still in same qualitiy and even
getting worse, but it still exist as main public transportation, this is make us think why transjogja still
exist in yogyakarta and not reimbursed with another public transportation. To analyze the existence
of transjogja as Main Public Transportation in Yogyakarta we use Basic Theoretical Concepts of
Community Development and the Relations with Sustainable Development.
Keywords: Public Transportation, Trans Jogja, Social Theory
INTRODUCTION
Public transportation services are integral to societies. Countries need effective public
transport services for transit users, apparent or latent, who need and value different modes of public
transport. Public transportation is defined as transportation by a conveyance that provides continuing
general or special transportation to the public. (Belwal & Belwal, 2010)
In Yogyakarta, before the modes of public transportation Trans Jogja were implied, the
condition and service of public transportation is bad, performance urban bus continued to decline.
Besides those things, there are some problems from passengers, operator, and regulators. For example
the quality, comfort, and security that is less. Therefore, Department of Transportation Yogyakarta
presents Trans Jogja. The main purposes of this service are to reduce traffic jams and improving
service of public transportation. Therefore after more than 7 years the quality of transjogja doesnt
improve, it still in same qualitiy and even getting worse, but it still exist as main public transportation,
this is make us think why transjogja still exist in yogyakarta and not reimbursed with another public
transportation.
To analyze the existence of transjogja as Main Public Transportation in Yogyakarta we use
Basic Theoretical Concepts of Community Development and the Relations with Sustainable
Development. There are seven theories in the Basic Theoretical Concepts of Community
Development and the Relations with Sustainable Development, but we only use five theories. Five
theories that we use are Functionalism, Symbolic interaction theory, conflict theory, communicative
theory, and rational choice theory.
METHOD
As a researcher we need theories as a guide to see a problem in our society, as we said
before that we use five theories from seven basic theoretical concepts of community development. To
support the theories that we use, we using some method to collect data, method that we use like
observation and literature review. We use Transjogja from UGM to Malioboro to experience the
service of Transjogja and see how public using Transjogja. Before we move to analysis we will
explain about the five theories that we use.

a. Functionalism
Structural functionalism is the theoretical concept concerned with structure. Social systems
have manifest and latent functions. Manifest functions are intentional and recognized. In contrast,
latent functions may be unintentional and unrecognized. (Philips & Pittman, 2009)
The theory structural of functionalism can be used in an explanation on phenomenon there to find
the cause of technology development.(Takada, 2009) Therefore we used the theory of functionalism in
the method of analysis modes of transportation Trans Jogja. On a structural of functionalism, when
viewed from the institutional Trans Jogja management run by The Department of Transportation,
Communication and Information Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Technical Unit Daerah or UPTD Trans
Jogja is contracting agency and PT Jogja Tugu Trans is operator Trans Jogja bus management.
b. Conflict Theory
Realistic Conflict comes from disappointment to the demands of special happens in relationships and
estimates of the potential advantages of the participants, and aimed at the object to be considered a
disappointment. The public demands of management and Trans Jogja bus services to the government
of Yogyakarta. (Coser, 1957)
c. Symbolic interactionism
Interaction symbolic is the relationship between symbols and interaction . The theory of the
interaction symbolic according to blumer resting on three the premise of them are the human being
may perceive himself, have conceptions of himself, communicate with himself, and act toward
himself.(Studies, 2005) For someone, the meaning of something derived from ways others act against
him in relation to something that .The actions they do that give birth to restrictions for others .Blumer
distinguish three types of object .Three types of the object was is a physical object , social object ,
abstract object .In this case , we use object social .Object social is a student and the people in
yogyakarta .
d. Communicative action
Communication was the basic human, communication free control is communication not distorted in
ideological, communication through efforts dialogue. In communication theory of communicative
action, Harbernas explain about four kind of claim which is the truth, claims the accuracy of, claims
honesty, and claim to four that is effective. Who able to communicate in the sense produce claims he
believed to be having competence communicative. (Nurcahyono & Hadi, 2003)
e. Rational Choice Theory
Rational Choice Theory is theory that say a rational man always investigate each alternative and
choose that which would best suit his individual needs. individuals wish to maximize expected
subjective utility, preferring options that are expected to yield greatest individual gains or smallest
individual losses.(Van Vugt, Van Lange, & Meertens, 1996) in our case, we investigate every pro and
con about the existence of Transjogja to be a main public transportation in Yogyakarta.
RESULT AND ANALYSYS
a. Functionalism
Bus procurement Trans Jogja run by the UPTD Trans Jogja while the operator that serving
were PT. Jogja Tugu Trans. Bus management of Trans Jogja based on the cooperation agreement. If
seen from the name of the deal, it appears that in a cooperation agreement was contain buy the terms
of service. Understanding system buy the service in cooperation agreements between this is the buying
system service provided by the Yogyakarta Government to urban transport operator. So indicate that
implementation of cooperation is expected to make management systems city buses formerly based on
deposit system for the better by application of the system buy the service (Widiantoro H, 2014).
The Trans Jogja service has two main purposes to reduce traffic jams and fix transportation
public bus. But service Trans Jogja not fully reach the goal, there are still traffic jams in highways and
also bus service some are still less comfortable, capacity is weak and passengers usually old queue of
the bus shelter. Systems latent is not visible because institutional Trans Jogja has taken the full role in

funds. In the provision of public transport services, Trans Jogja has various obstacles both in terms of
facilities and infrastructure. The institutional of Trans Jogja is expected to give a response and
realization in repairs and improve the quality of service.
b. Conflict Theory
Management of Trans Jogja is under the authority of the Department of Transportation
Government of Yogyakarta Province, in carrying out this program DISHUB DIY cooperate with PT
Jogja Tugu Trans, while the form of cooperation between both of them is the Department of
Transportation in this regard as the main organizer in charge of organizing the system and providing
facilities shelter and its contents, while PT. Jogja Tugu Trans Facilities vehicle and manage the human
resources to both officers in the bus and inside the shelter. Based on field observations made there are
conflicts among the inefficiency of time (due to regular lines that are used all riders cause congestion),
comfort (stop the relatively small capacity), traffic control (vehicle parking haphazardly), the use of
the instrument to the owners of private vehicles. This demand seemed less noticed by the government
as stakeholders.
c. Symbolic Interactionism
Yogyakarta is city of students and city of culture this is what is symbolic for the people of
indonesia and international.One thing that local government do is the provision of trans jogja as
public transportation. Transjogja receive good response by society and students at jogjakarta. Because
the symbol of yogyakarta is city of students and city of culture, many route took tourism place and
schools and university. In addition, many bus stop location in tourism place and education place.
d. Communicative Action
Based from result of observation, by applying the theory communicative action, the majority
of citizens from the local community until touris and student having good response against public
transportation who has been on Yogyakarta, especially public transport transjogja. Transportation
transjogja have good service, starting from the performance and services to their users trans jogja.
Although there are so many facilities in bad condotion like AC, bus seat and even the stopping place
in bad condition.
e. Rational Choice Theory
As said before that before a rational man make a decission, he always investigate every
alternative and make a decisions, so in case of transjogja we found some pro and con to be a decisive
factor to make a decision. In our case, this pro and con will be using as consideration why Transjogja
still be a main public transportation.
Pro: Transjogja as the only public transportation that have the most route and a longer
operation time; give profit to tourism because mostly transjogja route heading to tourism place; low
cost compared to other public transportation.
Con: Transjogja route mostly go to tourism place and education place which make transjogja
only enjoyed by touris and student; bus condition very low quality; inneficient routes make people
travel take much time than using private transportation.
DISCUSSION
From result and analysys we can see that not all people using this bus, mostly student or people who
work near tourism place using this transportation. Because yogyakarta most known as student city or
tourism place it still have regular pasengger from tourist, student, or people who work near tourism
place. Altough it face a lot of problem like traffic jam, bad quality of the bus or narrow road because
on street parking but people still use it, whereas this problem can make the trip using transjogja
become less comfortable. People use this public transportation mostly because there is not much
option regard public transportation, for example bus kopata only have less route than transjogja and
the operational time shorter than transjogja, another option like taxi or ojek very expansive, thats why
people still using transjogja as main public transportation.
CONCLUSIONS

As a conclusions pople still use transjogja as a main public transportation because there are no other
transportation as good as transjogja, the quality or price of transjogja still better than other
transportation. This is why people still use transjogja as main public transportation.
After the research we have several recomendation to transjogja: improvement quality of service from
related parties, improvement of facilities like bus qualities, number of bus, number of route, efficiency
route, add more support facilites like AC, Safety, or special seat to pregnant woman or disabled
people. Another thing that should be improve is infrastructure like road capacity, make special route,
improvement of bus stopping place and move onstreet parking to off street parking. there is several
recomendation that we suggest for improve quality of Transjogja as main public transportation.
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