UCV - INGENIERA CIVL - ESTTICA

Ingeniera Civil

UNIVERSIDAD CSAR VALLEJO

ESCUELA DE INGENIERA CIVIL

CURSO: ESTTICA

SESIN 3 TEORA GENERAL DE FUERZAS

Docente: Eduar J. Rodrguez B.

ejrodriguezb@ucvvirtual.edu.pe

Encontrar el momento de una fuerza con respecto

a un eje especfico.
Definir el momento de un par.
Presentar mtodos para determinar la resultante de
sistemas de fuerzas concurrentes.
Indicar como reducir una carga simple distribuida a
una fuerza resultante.

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Moment of a Force about a Specified Axis

Moment of a Force about a Specified Axis

For moment of a force about a point, the

moment and its axis is always perpendicular
to the plane.
A scalar or vector analysis is used to find the
component of the moment along a specified
axis that passes through the point.

Scalar Analysis
According to the right-hand rule, My is directed
along the positive y axis
For any axis, the moment is

Force will not contribute a moment

if force line of action is parallel or
passes through the axis.

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Moment of a Force about a Specified Axis

Example:
Example: Determine the moment produced by
the force F which tends to rotate the rod about
the AB axis.

Vector Analysis
For magnitude of MA,
MA = MOcos = MOu
ua
where ua = unit vector
In determinant form,

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EXERCISE

Solution:
Unit vector defines the direction of the AB axis
of the rod, where

Determine the moment of the force F about the

OA axis. Express the result as a Cartesian vector.

For simplicity, choose rD

The force is

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EXERCISE

EXERCISE

F4-14. determine the magnitude of the moment

of the force F=(300i-200j+150k)N about the OA
axis. Express the result as a Cartesian vector.

4-55. determine the

moment of the force
F about an axis
extending between
A and C. Express
the result as a
Cartesian vector.

(11.52i+8.64j)lb.ft
(11.52i+8.64j)lb.ft

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Moment of a Couple

EXERCISE
4-56. determine the moment produced by the
force F about segment AB of the pipe assembly.
Express the result as a Cartesian vector.

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Couple
two parallel forces
same magnitude but opposite direction
separated by perpendicular distance d
Resultant force = 0
Tendency to rotate in specified direction
Couple moment = sum of moments of both couple
forces about any arbitrary point

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Moment of a Couple

Moment of a Couple

Scalar Formulation
Magnitude of couple moment
M = Fd
Direction and sense are determined by right hand
rule
M acts perpendicular to plane containing the forces

Equivalent Couples
2 couples are equivalent if they produce the
same moment.
Forces of equal couples lie on the same plane
or plane parallel to one another.

Vector Formulation
For couple moment,
M=rXF
If moments are taken about point A, moment of F
F
is zero about this point
r is crossed with the force to which it is directed
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Moment of a Couple

Example: Determine the couple moment acting

on the pipe. Segment AB is directed 30below
the xy plane.

Resultant Couple Moment

Couple moments are free vectors and may be
applied to any point P and added vectorially.
For resultant moment of two couples at point P,
MR = M1 + M2
For more than 2 moments,
MR = (rr X F)

-130jNm
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Ejercicios
B

Take moment about point O,

M = rA X (-250k
k) + rB X (250k
k)
= (0.8jj) X (-250k
k) + (0.66cos30ii
+ 0.8jj 0.6sin30k
k) X (250k
k)
= {-130jj}N.cm
Take moment about point A
M = rAB X (250k
k)
= (0.6cos30ii 0.6sin30k
k)
X (250k
k)
= {-130jj}N.cm

Determine
la
magnitud y la
direccin
del
momento de par
que acta sobre el
engranaje.

43.9N.m
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Ejercicios

Ejercicios
F4-20 Determine el momento de par resultante que
acta sobre la placa triangular.

FP 4-19. Determine el momento de par resultante

que acta sobre la viga.

B
E

740Nm
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Ingeniera Civil

Ejercicios

Ejercicios

4-87 Determine la magnitud requerida de la fuerza

F, si el momento del par resultante sobre la viga
debe ser igual a cero.

F4-20 Determine el momento de par resultante que

acta sobre el ensamble de tubos.

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Ejercicios

Ejercicios

4.99. Determine la distancia d entre A yB de modo que el

momento de par resultante tenga una magnitud MR=20 N m.

4.101 Determine las magnitudes de los momentos de par M1,

M2 y M3 de modo que el momento de par resultante sea igual
a cero.

342mm
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Simplification of a force and couple system

Simplification of a force and couple

system

An equivalent system is when the external effects are the same

as those caused by the original force and couple moment
system
External effects of a system is the translating and rotating
motion of the body
Or refers to the reactive forces at the supports if the body is
held fixed

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Example: A structural member is subjected to

a couple moment M and forces F1 and F2.
Replace this system with an equivalent
resultant force and couple moment acting at
its base, point O.

Simplification of a force and couple system

Procedure for Analysis
1. Establish the coordinate axes with the
origin located at point O and the axes
having a selected orientation
2. Force Summation
3. Moment Summation

(-166.67i166.67i-650j+300k)Nm
650j+300k)Nm

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Force Summation.

Express the forces and couple moments as

Cartesian vectors.

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Further Simplification of a Force and Couple System

Further Simplification of a Force and Couple System

Coplanar Force System

Lines of action of all the forces lie in the
same plane.
Resultant force of this system also lies in
this plane.

Concurrent Force System

A concurrent force system is where lines of
action of all the forces intersect at a
common point O

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Further Simplification of a Force and Couple System

Further Simplification of a Force and Couple System

Parallel Force System

Consists of forces that are all parallel to the
z axis
Resultant force at point O must also be
parallel to this axis

Reduction to a Wrench
3-D force and couple moment system have an
equivalent resultant force acting at point O.
Resultant couple moment not perpendicular
to one another.

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Example: The fix crane is subjected to three

coplanar forces. Replace this loading by an
equivalent resultant force and specify where
the resultants line of action intersects the
column AB and boom BC.

Force Summation

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Solution
For magnitude of resultant force,

Moment Summation
Summation of moments about point A,

FR = ( FRx )2 + ( FRy )2 = (3.25)2 + ( 2.60)2

= 4.16kN

For direction of resultant force,

FRy
1 2.60

= tan
3.25
FRx

= tan1
= 38.7

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Ejercicios
Moment Summation
Principle of Transmissibility

-470Nm

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Ingeniera Civil

Ejercicios

Ejercicios

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-470Nm

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Ejercicios

Ejercicios

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Ingeniera Civil

Ejercicios

Ejercicios

FR=-180k-80k+50k=(-210k)N
Mro=(1.25i)x(-180k)+(1.25i+0.5j)x(-80k)
+(2.0i+0.5j)x(50k)
=225j+100j-40i-100j+25i
=(-15i+225j)Nm

(15i+225j)Nm
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Ejercicios

Ejercicios

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Ejercicios

Reduction of a Simple Distributed Loading

Large surface area of a body may be subjected to
distributed loadings
Loadings on the surface is defined as pressure
Pressure is measured in Pascal (Pa): 1 Pa = 1N/m2
Uniform Loading Along a Single Axis
Most common type of distributed
loading is uniform along a
single axis.

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Reduction of a Simple Distributed Loading

Reduction of a Simple Distributed Loading

Location of Resultant Force
MR = MO
dF produces a moment of xdF = x w(x) dx
about O
For the entire plate,

Magnitude of Resultant Force

Magnitude of dF is determined from differential area
dA under the loading curve.
For length L,

Magnitude of the resultant force is equal to the total

area A under the loading diagram.

Solving for

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Example: Determine the magnitude and location

of the equivalent resultant force acting on the
shaft.

For the colored differential area element,

For resultant force

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Ejercicios
For location of line of action,

F4.37 Determina la fuerza resultante y

determine el punto donde acta medida desde A

Checking,

40.5kN y 1.25m
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Ejercicios

Ejercicios

FP 4.41 Determine the resultant force and specify

where it acts on the beam measured from A

FP 4.40 Determina la fuerza resultante y

determine el punto donde acta medida desde A

1550lb y 5.03ft

24.75kN y 2.59m
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Ejercicios

Ejercicios
F4.41 Determina la fuerza resultante y
determine el punto donde acta medida desde A

24.75kN y 2.59m
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160N y 3.2m

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Ejercicios

Ejercicios
4-146. La distribucin de la carga de suelo sobre el fondo de
una losa de edificio se muestra en la figura. Reemplace esta
carga por una fuerza resultante equivalente y especifique su
ubicacin, medida desde el punto O.

2.06m
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Ejercicios

Ejercicios

4152. El viento ha depositado arena sobre una plataforma

de manera que la intensidad de la carga puede ser
aproximada por la funcin w = (0.5 ) N/m. Simplifique esta
carga distribuida a una fuerza resultante equivalente y
especifique la magnitud y la ubicacin de la fuerza, medida
desde A.

4153 El concreto hmedo

ejerce una presin distribuida a
lo largo de la pared de la
cimbra. Determine la fuerza
resultante de esta distribucin
y especifique la altura h en que
debe colocarse el puntal de
soporte de modo que est
posicionado sobre la lnea de
accin de la fuerza resultante.
El ancho de la pared es 5m.

1250N y 8m
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Ejercicios
4156. Reemplace la carga por una fuerza equivalente
resultante y un momento de par equivalente actuando
en el punto B.

Informacin tomada del texto de:

HIBBELER, Rusell. Ingeniera Mecnica, Esttica. 12 a ed

576.63lb, 2800lbpie
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