Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Crop seed,
e.g. rape seed,
cereals,
soybean
Protein
Food
Non-food
(lipids / terpens)
Low
Feeding
NO !!!
Energy
efficiency
Industrial
bio-fermentation
High
YES !!!
1. Photosynthesis and
efficiency of plant growth
6H2O + 6CO2
, Nutrients
Light
C6H12O6+ 6O2
Contents
1. Photosynthesis and efficiency of plant growth
2. Bio-productivity of selected crops
3. Energy concentration of plant components
Fragen?
Wie innovativ sind wir? Ersetzen wir nur gngige, sich
verteuernde Energiequellen?
Welche Produkte und Verfahren knnten sich ohne
Subventionen durchsetzen?
Wie lassen sich Agrar-Treibstoffe mit konventionellen
Kraftstoffen vergleichen
Worthy of note
heco = hstem + hc
- In consequence, the
optimal above-ground
morphotype of a plant
is a bushy appearance.
- The same relationship is
in principle valid for
ecosystems.
Ziziphus spina-christi
(Wild jojoba)
(Rhamnaceae)
Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) = c. 10 000 000 MJ/ ha per vegetation period
Energy dilution
Main harvest component
Energy Output:
c. 60 % (66 000 222 000 MJ / ha)
By-product
Energy Output:
c. 40 % (44 000 148 000 MJ / ha)
Hevea brasiliensis
(Euphorbiaceae)
A rain forest tree native to the
Amazon Basin; the main source
of natural rubber. About 90% of all
natural rubber comes from the
latex sap of this species.
Palaquium gutta
(Sapotaceae)
It is a tropical tree native to
southeast Asia and northern
Austalasia.
Parthenium argentatum
(Asteraceae)
Rubber-like Polymers
Euphorbia tirucalli
(Pencil Euphorb)
(Euphorbiaceae)
This crop grows well under
semi-arid conditions even
on marginal soils, and is
widely found in Africa and in
North-East Brazil.
Preliminary trials were
organized in Kenya with this
crop by compressing
biomass into briquette as a
fuel wood for kitchen use in
urban areas. E. tirucalli
combines high drought,
salinity stress tolerance and
low-input requirements
Ricinus communis
(Source Pohlan)
Sugarcane
A success story based on Bio-ethanol, the
wrong bio-fuel for the future
Green cane
Burn 1x
Burn 2x
Component
Lipid
38.9
3.030
0.159
49.4
Lignin
26.4
2.119
0.112
34.6
Protein
-Glycine (AA)
23.0
8.7
1.824
0.096
29.8
0.906
0.048
14.8
1.211
0.064
19.8
Organic acids
-Oxalic acid
-Malic acid
-Pyruvic acid
Other carbohydrates
-Terpens
-Polyglucan
-Glucose
2.9
10.0
13.2
46.9
17.6
15.5
AA = Amino acid
ha r v e st
17 . 2 %
i r r i ga t i on 0 . 2 %
10 . 3 %
c ul t i v a t i on
se e d be d pr e pa r a t i on
4 . 1%
pl a nt i ng
14 . 4 %
3,3%
f e r t i l i z a t i on
50.6%
DIAGNOSTIC ENVIRONNEMENTAL
Durabilit des systmes de production?
EAU :
AIR :
Utilisation
Emissions G.E.S
Pollution
Et autres polluants
PRODUCTION SUCRIERE
Betterave Canne
CULTURE :
34
TRANSFORM.: 174
B/C
42 GJ/ha
0.8
28 GJ/ha
6.3
SOL :
Utilisation
Degradation
EnergieBerechnung
Quelle: Pude
MISCANTHUS
Quelle: Pude
Quelle: Pude
Quelle: Pude
Quelle: Pude
Solarsysteme
mit Holzheizung
RAPS
Quelle: Pude
Quelle: Pude
Quelle: Pude
Total input
MJ/ha
Total output
MJ/ha
Output/
Input
MJ Output/
Labor hour
Pecan (C3)
Texas
4314
2668
0.62
201
Almond (C3)
California
57505
44874
0.78
California;
irrigated
63936
63943
1.00
592
UK
Taiwan,
South
124324
141487
1.14
2830
69761
95809
1.37
31
Apricot (C3)
California;
irrigated
26061
44018
1.69
Soybean (C3)
US, Georgia
15247
28012
1.84
1286
US, Louisiana
40380
73182
2.18
2439
Grapefruit (C3)
US
31628
93348
2.96
510
Sorghum (C4)
US, Texas;
rain-fed
7087
22571
3.18
2482
Rice (C3)
Philippines
11713
39938
3.41
49
Rapeseed (C3)
Germany
22754
93401
4.10
Barley (C3)
Germany
26319
117543
4.47
Corn (C4)
US, Illinois
25669
116726
4.55
14813
Wheat (C3)
Germany
28570
133283
4.66
Banana (C3)
Total input
MJ/ha
Total output
MJ/ha
Output/
Input
MJ Output/
Labor hour
Banana
Australia NSW
81190
52241
0.64
87
Banana
Hawaii
77760
63849
0.82
160
Banana
Taiwan, Central
58477
55143
0.94
22
Banana
Taiwan, South
69761
95809
1.37
31
Sugar beet
US, Minnesota
177486
100883
0.57
3162
Sugar beet
US, California
305159
214742
0.70
5765
Sugar beet
Germany (2 horses)
135626
141905
1.05
163
Sugar beet
UK
124324
141487
1.14
2830
Corn
US, Texas
145164
113733
0.78
4852
Corn
US, California
30209
106756
3.53
3411
Corn
Mexico, oxen
3226
13708
4.25
36
Corn
US, Illinois
25669
116726
4.55
14813
Corn
Mexico, hand
221
28319
128.2
25
Sorghum
11131
10285
0.92
88
Sorghum
46444
72384
1.56
3977
Sorghum
7087
22571
3.18
2482
Sorghum
Sudan, hand
332
12357
37.27
52
350
300
GJ/ha
250
200
By-component
150
Main component
100
50
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W
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W
in arl
e
te
rw y
he
at
Co Co
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rn
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Su ila
ga ge
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W
in
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rr
ap
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Po
ta
to
Protein
Food
Non-food
(lipids / terpens)
Low
Feeding
NO !!!
Energy
efficiency
Industrial
bio-fermentation
High
YES !!!
Specific
energy
MJ/kg air
Heat of
vaporizat
MON
ion
MJ/kg
Fuel
Energy
density
MJ/L
Gasoline
32
14.6
2.9
0.36
8189
Butanol
29.2
11.2
3.2
0.43
78
Ethanol
19.6
9.0
3.0
0.92
96
Methanol
16
6.5
3.1
1.2
104
Source: Wikipedia
Butanol production from biomass could be more efficient (i.e. unit engine motive power
delivered per unit solar energy consumed) than ethanol or methanol routes. Also, the
bacterium producing butanol is able to digest cellulose, not just starch and sugars.
Quelle: Pude
Euphorbia tirucalli
Jatropha