molecules are dispersed in a
random direction
a dilute solution contains more water
molecules than a concentrated solution,
hence it has a higher water potential
occurs when water is drawn out of
the cell and into the extracellular
fluid
the [plant] cell membrane
shrinks away from its cell
wall
matter is made up of small, discrete
molecules/ particles in constant random
motion
water potential is a measure of the
tendency of water to move from one place
to another
the passage of water from a region of higher
water potential through a particular
permeable membrane to a region of lower
water potential
medium surrounding cell has
higher water potential than
cell
more water will enter the cell
than will leave
net result: water will enter --> cell
becomes turgid (plant)/ bursts
(animal)
medium is exactly the same
water potential as the cell
amount of water going in is
the same as the water going
out
net result: no movement -->
cell stays the same size
medium has lower water
potential than cell
more water will leave the cell
than will enter
net result: water will leave -->
cell becomes plasmolysed
Plasmolysis (plant)/ crenated (animal)
spread from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower
concentration
process dispersion continues until
molecules are evenly
distributed
homogeneous state/
equilibrium
Molecules/ Particles the net movement of molecules moving
from a region of higher concentration to a
region of lower concentration to reach
Diffusion equillibrium (the movement is down a
concentration gradient)
substances are moved
without the use of energy
the difference in concentration between two
regions is known as the concentration
gradient
Concentration Gradient the steeper the concentration gradient,
the faster the movement of the
molecules
Movement of Substances in
Living Things
movement of carbon dioxide
during photosynthesis
diffusion of chemical substances important
in keeping living organisms alive and transpiration
growing
Hypotonic Solution movement of oxygen and
carbon dioxide in animals
Osmosis
allows all molecules to pass
Permeable through it
Isotonic Solution only allows certain
molecules to pass through
it
plasma membrane
(surrounding the cell)
small molecules like oxygen,
Partially Permeable water, carbon dioxide,
ammonia, glucose, amino
acids, etc. can pass through
Membranes
Hypertonic Solution
larger molecules like sucrose,
starch, protein, etc. cannot pass
through
separates the internal cell
environment from the external
environment
controls passage of
molecules across
membranes