Past

Perfect Continuous

Form
Como en el presente perfecto continuo, se forma el pasado perfecto continuo con el
verbo auxiliar to have, been y el gerundio.

1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)


SUJETO + HAD + BEEN + GERUNDIO


I had [Id] been studying English for 2 years when I went to London


Lindsay had been working at the store since 2005 when it closed


They were surprised when the airline lost their luggage because they had
[theyd] been traveling for weeks without a problem.


2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)


SUJETO + HAD + NOT + BEEN + GERUNDIO


I had not [hadnt] been studying for long when the teacher said that the exam
was cancelled.



Lindsay had not [hadnt] been working at the store for long when it closed.



They had not [hadnt] been driving but their car appeared broken.


3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)


HAD + SUJETO + BEEN + GERUNDIO?


Had you been studying English for a long time before you went to London?


Had Lindsay been working at the store for a long time when it closed?


Had they been traveling for a long time when the airline lost their luggage?

Uses

1. Usamos el pasado perfecto continuo para acciones en proceso de realizacin en el
pasado antes de otra accin ocurrida. El pasado perfecto continuo se utiliza para la
accin en el proceso y el pasado simple para la accin que interrumpe la accin en
proceso.

Nos referimos a algo que hemos estado haciendo en un perodo de tiempo, por lo
tanto, solemos usar las preposiciones de tiempo for y since.


Id been working for hours when I fell asleep at my desk.



Frank bought a new car. Hed been wanting one since last year.


Wed been disagreeing for days when Elizabeth found a resolution.


2. Se utiliza para demostrar causa y efecto en el pasado.


She was tired because shed been working too much.


They were angry because theyd been waiting for me for hours.


Q1 Of 5
She was excited because she __________________ (plan) her trip to Italy.

Q2 of 5
They __________________ (not/talk) when the phone cut out.

Q3 of 5
_______ you __________________ (research) the problem for long when you found
the solution?

Q4 of 5
Adam and Natalie ________________ (know) each other when they started dating.

Q5 of 5
I needed a change. I _________________ (live) in New York for a long time.

Future Perfect

1. Affirmative Sentences


SUJETO + WILL HAVE + VERBO PRINCIPAL.


The party will have ended by the time you finish work.


Ill have eaten before we meet.


2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)


SUJETO + WILL + NOT + HAVE + VERBO PRINCIPAL.


The party wont have ended by the time you finish work.


I wont have flown before you arrive to the airport.


3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)


WILL + SUJETO + HAVE + VERBO PRINCIPAL.


Will the party have ended before you finish work?


Will you have walked before the marathon?


Uses

1. Se usa el futuro perfecto para acciones que ya se han terminado antes de otra
accin en el futuro.


Ill have finished my studies before I start my new job.


We wont have become fluent in French by the time we leave for France next
month.


2. Utilizamos el futuro perfecto para mostrar que algo va a continuar hasta otra accin
en el futuro.


Karen will have worked for 50 years by the time she retires.


Next week, Ill have lived in Germany for 1 year.

Q1 of 5
I ________________________ (not finish) by the deadline.

Q2 of 5
They ____________________________ (arrive) before we leave.

Q3 of 5
The bus _______________________________ (leave) by the time he arrives.

Q4 of 5
How long ________ you _______________ (be) married when your son is born?

Q5 of 5
Bob ______________________________ (not eat) when he leaves work.

HETEROMETRY OF LOWER LIMBS

The heterometry is a frequent alteration that rebounds in the whole apparatus
locomotive. There is two types of heterometry, the structural and the functional. The
estructural one is due to differences of longitude in some of the bony segments
(femur and/or tibia), and it causes an imbalance of gluteal, pelvic and scapular levels.

The functional one is characterized to be caused by different foot loadings, mainly for
asymetric pronation. This position can look a structural heterometry, although the
cause is not in the different measure of the bony segments.

The treatment that can be carried out from the podologist point of view is different,
because the structural one requires the inclusion of a rise material in the plant
support. The functional one, on the other hand, doesnt require of rise, but it requires
the different correction of the position in each foot.

Lower limbs = extremidades inferiores
Look = aparentar
Rebound = repercutir
Although = aunque
Due = debido, se debe
Carry out = llevar a cabo, realizar
Bony segments = segmentos seos
Rise = alza, elevar
Imbalance = desequilibrio
On the other hand = por otro lado (On
Foot loadings = apoyos podlicos
one hand = por un lado)


STROKE OR CEREBRAL VASCULAR ACCIDENT (CVA)

A stroke is the sudden death of brain cells due to a problem with the blood supply.
When blood flow to the brain is impaired, oxygen and important nutrients can not be
delivered. The result is injury and then death to brain cells resulting in abnormal brain
function. Blood flow to the brain can be disrupted by either a blockage or rupture of
an artery to the brain.

A stroke is also referred to as a Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA). It is called a
Temporary Ischemic Attack (TIA) when the symptoms are temporary (less than 24
hours), and a stroke when the loss of brain function is permanent.

Types of Strokes
There are two major types, embolic or ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic strokes.

Stroke, by common usage, usually refers to the more common embolic or ischemic
stroke. These strokes occur from a blood clot that occurs inside the vessel and
prevents blood flow to brain. Besides the development of atherosclerotic plaque and
high blood pressure, other factors increasing the risk of stroke include smoking,
diabetes, leukemia, aplastic anemia, brain tumors, gout and birth control pills. High
homocysteine levels in the blood can also increase the risk of stroke.

Causes of Strokes
A clot that cuts off blood flow to a part of the brain is the most common cause. Plaque
material or pieces of blood clots that travel to the brain are other common sources.

Overall, the main cause of strokes are related to hardening of the arteries, which
allows fatty deposits to accumulate inside the arteries causing a cascade of injury to
the vessel walls. The slow development of atherosclerosis, which decreases blood
flow to the brain, results in shrinkage of the brain and the development of dementia. A
stroke can also result from bleeding or from a busted blood vessel in the brain as the
result of high blood pressure.

Most CVAs are the result of atherosclerosis, hypertension or a combination of both.

Sudden = repentino (suddenly = de

repente)
Cells = clulas
Blood = sangre
Supply = Suministro
Flow = flujo
Impaired = daado
Deliver = entregar
Injury = lesin
Disrupted = interrumpido
Blockage = obstruccin
rupture = ruptura
embolic or ischemic stroke = ACV
isqumico o emblico
hemorrhagic strokes = ACV
hemorrgicos
blood clot = cogulo de sangre
vessel = vaso

prevent = evitar
Besides = adems
atherosclerotic plaque = placa
aterosclertica
increase = aumentar
homocysteine = homocistena
cuts off = cortar
sources = fuentes
Overall = en conjunto
Hardening = endurecimiento (hard =
duro)
Fatty = grasa
Walls = paredes, muros
atherosclerosis = aterosclerosis
decrease = disminuye
shrinkage = contraccin
busted = roto