Table of Contents

1.

Introductory Chapter....................................................................................... 1

2.

Objective of the Research...............................................................................1

3.

Significance of the Research...........................................................................2

4.

Literature Review............................................................................................ 3

5.

What are the protections the Children Act, 2013 guaranteed.........................6

6.

Theoretical Framework.................................................................................... 8

7.

Problem Statement........................................................................................ 10

8.

Research Question........................................................................................ 10
8.1.

Primary Question.................................................................................... 10

8.2.

Secondary Question................................................................................ 10

9.

Research Hypothesis..................................................................................... 10

10.

Validating the Hypothesis...........................................................................10

11.

Methodology............................................................................................... 12

11.1.

Data Collection..................................................................................... 12

11.2.

Analysis Tools Used.............................................................................. 12

11.3.

Scope and Limitation........................................................................... 13

12.

Sample Profile............................................................................................ 14

13.

Research Findings...................................................................................... 15

13.1.

Gender and abusing............................................................................. 17

13.2.

Gender and abuser..............................................................................18

13.3.

Gender and reporting to parents.........................................................18

13.4.

Gender and abusing frequency............................................................18

13.5.

Income group and abusing..................................................................19

13.6.

Income group and abuser....................................................................19

13.7.

Income group and reporting to parents...............................................20

13.8.

Income group and frequencies of abusing...........................................21

14.

Recommendation....................................................................................... 22

15.

Conclusion.................................................................................................. 23

16.

Appendix.................................................................................................... 24

1. Introductory Chapter
Mahatma Gandhi is reputed to have said a nations greatness is measured by how it treats its
weakest members. In a similar line, a former Vice-President of the united states, Hubert
Humphrey, stated that the moral test of a government is how it treats those who are at the
dawn of life, the children; those who are in the twilight of the life, the aged; and those who
are in the shadows of life, the risk and the needy and the handicapped
The founders of the new nation of Bangladesh certainly shared these sentiments and the
nations Constitution requires that the state provide the basic necessities of life to all. Even
Bangladesh was one of the first countries in the world to pass a Childrens Act to provide the
protection and support of Childrens. But the recent cases of child abuse and death became an
alarming concern for the society and state. The brutal killing and abuse of childrens is not
setting a bad example to the society. Also most of cases are being unreported because of the
social stigma and victimization issues.

2. Objective of the Research

Most of the times the authorities and the families fail to recognize the seriousness of abuse of
children by parents, other family members, teachers, strangers, police and others with a duty
of care. Most abuse goes unreported, but even so, the litany of cases of rape, sexual abuse,
killing, child marriage, molestation, child labour, torture, trafficking and physical
mistreatment of children in the daily press makes harrowing reading. Children are
undoubtedly the most neglected members of society and only just have any voice, even
within the home. As a result, they are constantly becoming easy victims of all types of abuse.
Child abuse plays countless effect on Childs mind and health. Now a days children are not
safe both in home and outside. There are several laws and institutions that are very much
energetic to mark awareness among the people.
Our main objective of this study is to identify the reasons why most of the cases are being
unreported. This study also try to identify the risk of abuse by the hand of close family
members and sometimes by the own family members. Social status plays a vital role behind
any abuse and killing. From numerous reasons poverty is significantly associated with child

abuse. Child abuse may be sexual, physical or emotional in nature. In addition, children are
showing to severe forms of physical and mental violence at home, in the work place, in
institutions and other public places. On the whole, our children are not safe despite efforts
made by government and non-government organizations in ensuring the rights of the
children. This study aims to examine the social factors influenced by which the child killing
is being increased up. Victims family, NGOs, concerned social workers, law enforcement
agencies and reporters plays a vital role in this study as we tried to find out the main reasons
of the increased child killing and abuse incidents through their experiences.

3. Significance of the Research

Children and youth are particularly vulnerable to victimization and the detrimental effects of
these traumatic events. The unique impacts of abuse and neglect must be understood in the
context of the childs age, the form of abuse, the relationship to the perpetrator, and many
other contextual factors. Through studying the developmental and ecological perspectives on
childhood victimization, advocates and service providers will better understand the
differential impacts of trauma on children and have better insight into child victims needs
and, potentially, help to develop supportive systems that can best assist young victims. This
study tried to identify the core reasons of child killing and abuse in recent days. Researcher of
this study hopes to provide some strong recommendations based on this research examination
which will help and influence the policy makers and concerned authority about their steps to
prevent the incidents of abuse and killing.

4. Literature Review
Any global approach to child abuse must take into account the differing standards and
expectations for parenting behaviour in the range of cultures around the world. Culture is a
societys common fund of beliefs and behaviours, and its concepts of how people should
conduct them. In other words, culture helps define the generally accepted principles of childrearing and care of children. Different cultures have different rules about what are acceptable
parenting practices. It appears that there is general agreement across many cultures that child
abuse should not be allowed and virtual unanimity in this respect where very harsh
disciplinary practices and sexual abuse are concerned. The International Society for the
Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect recently compared definitions of abuse from 58
countries and found some commonality in what was considered abusive. In 1999, the WHO
Consultation on Child Abuse Prevention drafted the following definition:
Child abuse or maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical and/or emotional illtreatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other
exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the childs health, survival,
development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power.
Some experts consider as abused those children who have been inadvertently harmed
through the actions of a parent, while others require that harm to the child be intended for the
act to be defined as abusive. Some of the literature on child abuse explicitly includes violence
against children in institutional or school settings. Information on the numbers of children
who die each year as a result of abuse comes primarily from death registries or mortality data.
According to the World Health Organization, there were an estimated 57 000 deaths
attributed to homicide among children under 15 years of age in 2000. Global estimates of
child homicide suggest that infants and very young children are at greatest risk, with rates for
the 04-year-old age group more than double those of 514-year-olds. The risk of fatal abuse
for children varies according to the income level of a country and region of the world. For
children under 5 years of age living in high-income countries, the rate of homicide is 2.2 per
100 000 for boys and 1.8 per 100 000 for girls. In low- to middle-income countries the rates
are 23 times higher 6.1 per 100 000 for boys and 5.1 per 100 000 for girls. The highest
homicide rates for children under 5 years of age are found in the WHO African Region 17.9

per 100 000 for boys and 12.7 per 100 000 for girls. The lowest rates are seen in high-income
countries in the WHO European, Eastern Mediterranean and Western Pacific Regions.1
All forms of child abuse, including sexual abuse, physically and humiliating punishment,
child abandonment, abuse, kidnapping, and trafficking continued to be serious and
widespread problems. Children were vulnerable to child abuse in all settings: home,
community, school, residential institutions, and the workplace. Of the 805 reported incidents
of rape against women and girls, 473 were girls. Of the 473 child victims, 39 were killed after
being raped, 84 were victims of gang rape, and 10 committed suicide as a result of mental
stress after the crime. Local human rights groups reported numerous rapes and rape attempts
against women under the age of 17 during the year. On August 15, a prominent case
developed when Luton Mondol of Jessore allegedly raped a 10th grade female student on her
way home from class. On August 23, the girl committed suicide after the case became public.
On August 25, the girls father filed a criminal complaint against Luton and his father. Luton
fled, and police arrested and jailed his father, although no charges were filed against the
father. Despite advances, including establishing a monitoring agency in the MHA, trafficking
of children and providing care and protection to survivors of trafficking continued to be a
problem. Child labor and abuse at the workplace remained a problem in certain industries,
mostly in the informal sector, and child workers were vulnerable to all forms of abuse at their
informal workplaces. In 2009 the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the Bangladesh
Bureau of Statistics completed a baseline survey on commercial sexual exploitation of
children. According to the survey, of 18,902 child victims of sexual exploitation, 83 percent
were girls, 9 percent were transgender children, and 8 percent were boys. The survey reported
that 40 percent of the girls and 53 percent of the boys were under the age of 16.2
In Bangladesh, 36 percent of the people earn less than one dollar per day. Poverty,
discrimination, and the effects of natural disasters presence grave challenges to children.
According to a statistics of Bangladesh Shishu Adhikar Forum (BSAF) The percentage of
1 Child abuse and neglect by parents and other caregivers, Chapter 3, World report on violence and health,
(2000), World Health Organization.

2 Bangladesh 2012 human rights report,(2012), Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for
2012 United States Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor.

children being killed in the country had increased by 61 percent in 2014 than that of the
previous year. Its not considering good at all for this year. The BSAF reports at least 191
children were killed till this July, 350 in 2014, 218 in 2013 and 209 in 2012. At least 968
children were killed after brutal torture from 2012 to July 2015.The BSAF also noted in this
year, occurrences of murder, kidnap, human trafficking, rape, sexual harassment and violence
against children are also on the rise. Following the recent shocking murders of three children,
NGOs, law enforcers, rights organizations and international organizations have expressed
serious concern over child abuse in Bangladesh. Thirteen-year-old Samiul Alam Rajon was
beaten to death in Sylhet on July 8; twelve-year-old Rakib was tortured to death in Khulna on
August 3, as two men inserted a high-pressure air pump nozzle into his rectum; and 10-yearold Rabiul was beaten to death for stealing fish in Barguna. Besides, the body of a minor
boy, aged around eight to nine years, was found in an abandoned travel bag in front of Dhaka
Medical College Hospital. The boy was beaten to death, said sources at the DMC morgue
after an autopsy. In addition, as a nation our shame is increased by the event of Shahadat
Hossain, a cricketer of Bangladesh national team, and his wife alleged for abuse of their 11
year old domestic helper. A Social research of Bangladesh Mohila Porishad stated that in the
year of 2011, 1239 cases of child abuse were filed where 66% of the victims were aged from
14-18 and 20% were 10-13. 97% victims were students and 77% of the victims were from
lower economic class. Another study of 117 cases reported to breaking the silence recorded
that in Bangladesh 21% of the victims of sexual child abuse was from the close relative
including father. 47% was by friend, neighbour or community figures. 37% was done by the
house tutors.3
A report published on leading news paper Prothom- Alo ,13 th April 2016 proposed that
unstable family, social instability, parents unpleasant conjugal life are the main reasons for
the recent increased rate of child death. Based on research statistics of Bangladesh Shishu
Adhikar Forum (BSAF) and Ain-O-Salish Kendra (ASK) the report suggested that 876 were
killed on last three years and 75 on last three months (152 according to ASK).4
3 Islam.M.S., Child Abuse and the Recent Trends in Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis from Islamic
and Bangladesh Laws, IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 20,
Issue 12, Ver. V (Dec. 2015) PP 58-66 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845.
<www.iosrjournals.org>
4
:
, 13th April, 2016 (online),<
http://www.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/article?page=9>

5. What are the protections the Children Act, 2013

guaranteed
Article 18(4) of the Constitution of Bangladesh encourages to make special provisions in
favor of women and children. Previously the main instrument to entertain the
children/juvenile related issues was Children Act, 1974 and Children Rules, 1976.
Bangladesh is a signatory party to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
(UNCRC)5. To cope up with the international standards there was a severe need to improve
our old laws as the laws was made before the UNCRC. As a result in the year of 2013
Children Act, 20136 was passed. As a developing country we have a very strong progressive
law which reflects the best interest of the child.
Children Act, 2013 has been passed for the purpose of implementing the United Nations
Convention on the Rights of the Child.7 Under Article 1 of the UNCRC, child is defined as
less than 18 years old individuals. Previous 1974 Act defined child as less than 16 years old
persons. In the Children Act, 2013 the age of child has been increased from 16 to 18 years in
Section 4. This Act encourages to a family based alternative care procedure and protection
considering the best interest of the child with evocative child participations. Section 48 of the
Children Act, 2013 defines the process. Juvenile Court in every district has been set up under
Section 16 of the Act where Additional Session Judge / Sessions Judge will entertain the child
related cases exclusively. The trial procedure shall be informal where there should not be any
formal Court room and in the trial legal representatives, police or other stuffs of the Court
must not ware their respective uniforms.8

Helpdesk for child in police stations will be

5 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC or CRC), adopted by the United
Nations General Assembly on 20th November 1989,1577 UNTS 3 (entered into force in 2nd September,
1990).
6 Officially known as Shishu Ain, Act no. XXIV of 2013. Effective from 21 st August 2013.
7 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC or CRC), adopted by the United
Nations General Assembly on 20th November 1989,1577 UNTS 3 (entered into force in 2nd September,
1990).
8 Children Act, 2013. Section 19.

formed where a child affairs police officer will be present. Media have to preserve the
privacy of the juveniles and media cannot publish article, news, photos or any other
information that go against a juvenile who is under trial. Chapter X talks about alternative
care. The concept of restorative justice has been introduced by the new law which provides
for compensation to the child who is a victim of crimes. According to section 38 of the Act,
the court may order any person found guilty of an offence committed against a child victim to
pay compensation to the child on an application by the child or the childs parents or, in their
absence, foster care or the guardian or members of his extended family, Probation Officer or,
the lawyer or public prosecutor in order to restore the child to his or her previous position.
Also, the court may suo motu order such compensation to be paid by the convict. The court
may order the compensation to be paid at once or by instalment through the court, and may
direct that the money be used for the welfare of the child. If any person having custody,
charge or care of any child assaults, abuses, neglects, forsakes, abandons unprotected, uses
for personal service or exposes in an obscene way and thereby causes unnecessary suffering
or injury by which the childs sight or hearing is damaged or injury to any limb or organ or
causing mental derailment, then he will be deemed to have committed an offence under this
Act for which he shall be punishable with imprisonment for up to five years or fine of up to
one lac (one hundred thousand) taka or both (Section-70).

6. Theoretical Framework
Abuse can be in many forms and types. Including physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional
abuse, neglect and others. Physical abuse of a child is defined as those acts of commission by
a caregiver that cause actual physical harm or have the potential for harm. Sexual abuse is
defined as those acts where a caregiver uses a child for sexual gratification. Emotional abuse
includes the failure of a caregiver to provide an appropriate and supportive environment, and
includes acts that have an adverse effect on the emotional health and development of a child.
Such acts include restricting a childs movements, denigration, ridicule, threats and
intimidation, discrimination, rejection and other nonphysical forms of hostile treatment.
Neglect refers to the failure of a parent to provide for the development of the child where
the parent is in a position to do so in one or more of the following areas: health, education,
emotional development, nutrition, shelter and safe living conditions. Neglect is thus
distinguished from circumstances of poverty in that neglect can occur only in cases where
reasonable resources are available to the family or caregiver. Studies from Bangladesh,
Colombia, Italy, Kenya, Sweden, Thailand and the United Kingdom have also found that low
education and a lack of income to meet the familys needs increase the potential of physical
violence towards children, though exceptions to this pattern have been noted elsewhere. In a
study of Palestinian families, lack of money for the childs needs was one of the primary
reasons given by parents for psychologically abusing their children.9
Many child deaths, however, are not routinely investigated and post-mortem examinations are
not carried out, which makes it difficult to establish the precise number of fatalities from
child abuse in any given country. Even in wealthy countries there are problems in properly
recognizing cases of infanticide and measuring their incidence. Significant levels of
misclassification in the cause of death as reported on death certificates have been found, for
example, in several states of the United States of America. Deaths attributed to other causes
for instance, sudden infant death syndrome or accidents have often been shown on
reinvestigation to be homicides. Despite the apparent widespread misclassification, there is
general agreement that fatalities from child abuse are far more frequent than official records
suggest in every country where studies of infant deaths have been undertaken. Among the
9 See above n.1.

fatalities attributed to child abuse, the most common cause of death is injury to the head,
followed by injury to the abdomen. Intentional suffocation has also been extensively reported
as a cause of death. There are very few quantitative research on the issue of child abuse and
death in Bangladesh. As this has become an alarming crime pattern which related to the
sensitive child issues, more extensive and specified research is needed in this matter. On this
regard this study hopes to provide some crucial findings to light up so that in future it can
helps not only to create awareness among the readers but also hopes to influence the policy
makers decision and steps on making different programmes for child abusing issues.

7. Problem Statement
The rate of children being killed in the country had increased by 61 percent in 2014 than that
of the previous year, according to a statistics of Bangladesh Shishu Adhikar Forum (BSAF)
and it's not looking good at all for this year either. In this paper we are going to find out the
reason behind it as well as the solutions to solve this issue.

8. Research Question
8.1.

Primary Question

What are the main causes of child abusing in Bangladesh?

8.2.

Secondary Question

What is to be done to prevent child abusing in Bangladesh?

9. Research Hypothesis
1. Child abuse is rampant in families of lower income group
2. Street children/orphans are more prone to child abuse.
3. Child abuse is predominantly carried out by closer/known person.

10. Validating the Hypothesis

Children are extremely vulnerable, often completely helpless, and are often greatly harmed
by their victimizations. The unique impacts of abuse and neglect must be understood in the
context of the childs age, the form of abuse, the relationship to the perpetrator, and many
other contextual factors. Through studying the developmental and ecological perspectives on
childhood victimization, advocates and service providers will better understand the
differential impacts of trauma on children and have better insight into child victims needs
and, potentially, help to develop supportive systems that can best assist young victims.
Poverty plays a crucial role behind child abuse. Children from lower income groups are more
vulnerable than the higher status. Or the reasons may be that the high social status groups
follow forced silence for the sake of their reputation in society. Children also are harmed
when they are exposed to the interpersonal violence between adults in their lives, both in the
family and the community. Similarly, street children are more open to threat and easy to

exploit. They can be easily trafficked and sexually abused. Poverty here also plays a fatal
role.
Finally, Child abuse is predominantly carried out by closer/known person as its easy and safe
to exploit children comparatively to the adults. A simple threat gravely affects child mind and
this can forced them to silence about the matter of exploitation. Child abuse may be one of
many types of problems facing a family. It is always important to view all the factors
influencing family, especially other types of abuse or neglect that may be occurring in the
family (such as intimate partner violence or elder abuse).

11. Methodology
This study is a mix of exploratory, descriptive and analytical research methods. Secondary
data analysis was used as exploratory research method. Among the descriptive research
methods, structured questionnaire survey was administered in gathering information. The
survey took place on children from different levels considering parents economic stand. To
ensure representativeness, data were collected in different area of Dhaka city. Potential
sampling elements were randomly approached and responses were collected from those
sampling units. Several sampling frames based on sex and income level were used. There
were four different sampling frames based on income level ( Tk 5000- 15000 as low, TK
15001- 60000 as mid and Tk 60000+ as high) of the respondents and two different sampling
frames based on gender. The sample size for survey was 150, which was sufficiently large for
this sort of surveys. One of our key assumption is children are not abused by their parents.
11.1.
Data Collection
11.1.1.
Primary Data

This study has been conducted based on both primary and secondary data. Secondary sources
are reports and journals on child abusing. Reports are taken from newspapers and different
websites. Primary source was survey on children. For the understanding of children at first
the child abusing concept was told to them. The questionnaire was close ended.
11.1.2.

Secondary Data

Journals, newspapers, some websites, statistics of Bangladesh Shishu Adhikar Forum (BSAF)
and Bureau of Statistics reports also have been used as secondary source.
11.2.

Analysis Tools Used

Quantitative analysis was done using statistical and mathematical tools such as Statistical
Package for Social Science (SPSS) and MS Excel. The surveyors were briefed adequately
before conducting the surveys. Quality control of field workers was done to see if the field
procedures were being properly implemented. The filled questionnaires were examined to
make sure all appropriate questions were completed, unsatisfactory or incomplete answers
were not accepted, and the writing was legible.

We ran chi square test for finding out the association between different variables. Our
independent variables are gender and income group. We assumed two tailed test for
significance analysis and our p value is 5% or 0.05. We used pearson chi square test results
for our analysis where assumption is not violated. In other case we used likelihood ratio
values. If the significance value is less than 5% then the association is significant. Otherwise
the variables are independent. In case of association we used Phi and cramers V value to
observe the intensity.
11.3.

Scope and Limitation

The scope of the report is limited to Dhaka metro only. Getting a larger number of
respondents for this sort of survey was rather difficult. Besides all the areas of Dhaka metro
was not equally surveyed. The collected data is fully imaginary.

12. Sample Profile

The sample size is 150. 12% of the sample comes from high income family category while
24% from middle income range category. Low income range family children occupy 39%
sample size. One fourth of the sample is from street children. On the other hand 60% of the
sample is boy and the rest is girl.

Sample :Income Group wise

high
low

mid
street children

25%

12%
24%

39%

Sample: Gender wise

Boy

Girl

40%
60%

13. Research Findings

47% respondents of the survey reported that they face the experience of child abusing at
least once in their lifetime.

Abusing Experience
No

Yes

47%

53%

Among the victims of child abusing 52% are boys and the rest are girls.

Abused Children
Boy

48%

Girl

52%

 Among the victims of child abusing 49% experienced it once. The rest experienced it
more than one time.

Abusing History
Single time

Several times

49%

51%

According to the child abusing history of the victims 42% were abused by relatives and
51% by close or known persons. Only 7% were abused by unknown person.

Abused by
Relatives

Close/ Known Person

Unknown

7%
42%
51%

Only 22% of the child abusing victims reports the incident to their parents, according to
the survey.

Reporting parents
Yes

No

23%

78%

13.1.

Gender and abusing

According to the statistical analysis, there is no significant association between gender and
abusing. In other word, gender and abusing are independent.
Chi-Square Tests
Value

df

Asymptotic

Exact Sig. (2-

Exact Sig. (1-

Significance

sided)

sided)

(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correction

Likelihood Ratio

3.494a

.062

2.898

.089

3.503

.061

Fisher's Exact Test

Linear-by-Linear

.068
3.471

.062

Association
N of Valid Cases

150

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 28.40.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

.044

13.2.

Gender and abuser

According to the statistical analysis, there is no significant association between gender and
abusers. In other word, gender and abusers are independent.
Chi-Square Tests
Value

df

Asymptotic
Significance
(2-sided)

5.594a

.061

Likelihood Ratio

5.753

.056

Linear-by-Linear

5.480

.019

Pearson Chi-Square

Association
N of Valid Cases

71

a. 2 cells (33.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum

expected count is 2.39.

13.3.

Gender and reporting to parents

According to the statistical analysis, there is no significant association between gender and
reporting to parents about abusing. In other word, gender and abusing reporting to parents are
independent.
Chi-Square Tests
Value

df

Asymptotic

Exact Sig. (2-

Exact Sig. (1-

Significance

sided)

sided)

(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correction

Likelihood Ratio

2.291a

.130

1.511

.219

2.343

.126

Fisher's Exact Test

Linear-by-Linear

.162
2.259

.133

Association
N of Valid Cases

71

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 7.66.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

.109

13.4.

Gender and abusing frequency

According to the statistical analysis, there is no significant association between gender and
abusing frequency. In other word, gender and abusing frequency are independent.
Chi-Square Tests
Value

df

Asymptotic

Exact Sig. (2-

Exact Sig. (1-

Significance

sided)

sided)

(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square

.556

.123

.725

.347

.556

.347

Continuity Correction

Likelihood Ratio
Fisher's Exact Test

.638

Linear-by-Linear

.342

.363

.559

Association
N of Valid Cases

71

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 16.76.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

13.5.

Income group and abusing

According to the statistical analysis, there is significant association between income group
and abusing. In other word, gender and abusing are not independent. The intensity of this
association is moderate to strong as phi and cramers v values.
Chi-Square Tests
Value

df

Asymptotic
Significance
(2-sided)

17.433a

.001

Likelihood Ratio

20.413

.000

Linear-by-Linear

10.504

.001

Pearson Chi-Square

Association
N of Valid Cases

150

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum

expected count is 8.52.

Symmetric Measures
Value

Approximate
Significance

Nominal by Nominal

Phi

.341

.001

Cramer's

.341

.001

N of Valid Cases

13.6.

150

Income group and abuser

According to the statistical analysis, there is no significant association between income group
and abuser. In other word, gender and abuser are independent.
Chi-Square Tests
Value

df

Asymptotic
Significance
(2-sided)

5.944a

.430

Likelihood Ratio

6.401

.380

Linear-by-Linear

.642

.423

Pearson Chi-Square

Association
N of Valid Cases

71

a. 6 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum

expected count is .07.

13.7.

Income group and reporting to parents

According to the statistical analysis, there is no significant association between income group
and reporting to parents. In other word, gender and abuser are independent.
Chi-Square Tests
Value

df

Asymptotic
Significance
(2-sided)

3.691a

.297

Likelihood Ratio

3.644

.303

Linear-by-Linear

1.963

.161

Pearson Chi-Square

Association
N of Valid Cases

71

a. 4 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum

expected count is .23.

13.8.

Income group and frequencies of abusing

According to the statistical analysis, there is no significant association between income group
and abusing frequency. In other word, gender and abusing frequency are independent.
Chi-Square Tests
Value

df

Asymptotic
Significance
(2-sided)

1.281a

.734

Likelihood Ratio

1.668

.644

Linear-by-Linear

.645

.422

Pearson Chi-Square

Association
N of Valid Cases

71

a. 2 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum

expected count is .49.

14. Recommendation
The study suggests the following issues to be taken care of:
The study shows relation between income group and abusing. Especially the lower
income group peoples children and street children are more vulnerable. So special care
should be given to these segments.
In most of the cases children do not share or report abusing incidents to their parents. So
parents must be cautious on this issue. There must a good relation and sharing between
parents and children.
Children mostly abused by their relatives or known persons. So children as well as
guardians must put special emphasis on this issue.
Parents must have enough knowledge and concern regarding child abusing issues. They
must know which things are included in child abusing and should be proactive in their
childrens welfare.
Children must know what child abusing is. The knowledge and consciousness in this
issue will help to prevent these incidents.
Strong act and its implementation is crucial. The implementation of act will work as
preventive measure.

15. Conclusion

16. Appendix
SURVEY ON CHILDREN REGARDING CHILD ABUSING
ISSUES

Name__________________________________________________________
Age___________________________________________________________
Location_______________________________________________________
Male

Female

Income group

High

Mid

Abusing incident

No

Yes

Low

Street children

If abusing incident is yes, then

Abusing history

Single time

Abused by

Relatives

Several times
Close/ Known person

Report to parents regarding abusing (if abusing is yes)

Yes

Unknown person
No