PSNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY, DINDIGUL 624 622.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

TUTORIALS
III/VI - ME6603 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
Name

Register No

Degree/Branch

SYLLABUS
UNIT I INTRODUCTION
Historical Background Mathematical Modeling of field problems in
Engineering Governing Equations Discrete and continuous models
Boundary, Initial and Eigen Value problems Weighted Residual Methods
Variational Formulation of Boundary Value Problems RitzTechnique
Basic concepts of the Finite Element Method. 64
UNIT II ONE-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS
One Dimensional Second Order Equations Discretization Element
types- Linear and Higher order Elements Derivation of Shape functions
and Stiffness matrices and force vectors- Assembly of Matrices - Solution
of problems from solid mechanics and heat transfer. Longitudinal vibration
frequencies and mode shapes. Fourth Order Beam Equation Transverse
deflections and Natural frequencies of beams.
UNIT III TWO DIMENSIONAL SCALAR VARIABLE PROBLEMS
Second Order 2D Equations involving Scalar Variable Functions
Variational formulation Finite Element formulation Triangular elements
Shape functions and element matrices and vectors. Application to Field
Problems - Thermal problems Torsion of Non circular shafts
Quadrilateral elements Higher Order Elements.
UNIT IV TWO DIMENSIONAL VECTOR VARIABLE PROBLEMS
Equations of elasticity Plane stress, plane strain and axisymmetric
problems Body forces and temperature effects Stress calculations Plate and shell elements.
UNIT V ISOPARAMETRIC FORMULATION
Natural co-ordinate systems Isoparametric elements Shape functions
for iso parametric elements One and two dimensions Serendipity
elements Numerical integration and application to plane stress problems

- Matrix solution techniques Solutions Techniques to Dynamic problems

Introduction to Analysis Software.

INDEX
S.NO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

DATE

TUTORIAL NUMBER

MARK

SIGNATUR

Subject
Name

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Subject
Code

ME6603

Year

III Year Mechanical Engg. (A, B & C

Section)

Semester

VI

Faculty
Name

Mr.S.Balu

Tutorial
No.

Part A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Briefly explain the variational approach

Briefly explain the weighted residual method
What is meant by node or joint?
What are h and p versions of Finite Element method?
Define total potential energy.

Part B
1. Explain in detail Direct stiffness method and potential energy
method.
W (N/m)
2. Find the maximum deflection and bending moment for a simply
supported beam subjected load as shown in fig.1 using Raleigh Ritz
method.
L

3. Determine the displacement at the load applied node of the spring

system as shown in figure.

4. List and briefly describe the general steps of the Finite element
method.

Subject
Name

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Subject
Code

Year

III Year Mechanical Engg. (A, B & C

Section)

Semester

VI

Faculty
Name

Mr.S.Balu

Tutorial
No.

ME6603

Part A
1. Why is variational formulation referred to as weak formulation? What
are the advantages of the weak form?
2. Distinguish between 1D bar element and 1D beam element.
3. State the principle of minimum potential energy.
4. What are the factors considered in the discretization process?
5. What is meant by discretization in FEM?
Part B
1. Explain preprocessing and post processing in FEM.
2. Solve the following differential equation of a physical phenomenon
using Galerkin method.
d2y
500 x 2 0, 0 x 1,
2
dx

Trialfunct ion, y a1 ( x x 4 ),
Boundary conditions are y (0) 0
y (1) 0
3. solve the differential equation for a physical problem expressed as
following equation with boundary conditions as y(0) = 0 and y(10) =
0 using (i) point collocation method (ii) sub domain collocation
method (iii) least squares method and (iv) Galarkins method.
d2 y
+ 100=0, 0 x 10
dx 2
4. Discuss Rayleigh-Ritz and Galarkin methods of formations by taking
an example.

Subject
Name

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Subject
Code

Year

III Year Mechanical Engg. (A, B & C

Section)

Semester

VI

Faculty
Name

Mr.S.Balu

Tutorial
No.

ME6603

Part A
1. What are the properties of shape functions?
2. Draw the shape function of a two noded line element with one
degrees of freedom at each node.
3. Define a local co-ordinate system.
4. Write down the expression of stiffness matrix for one dimensional
bar element .
5. Define shape function.
Part B
1. Derive the displacement function U and shape function N for one
dimensional Linear bar element based on Global co-ordinate
approach.
2. Derive the Stiffness Matrix for one dimensional linear bar element.
3. For a stepped bar loaded as shown in Fig.2, determine (a) nodal displacements (b)
support reactions and (c) element stresses.

Fig.2
Assume: E = 20 x 10 N / cm2
4. The tapered bar of uniform thickness t = 10 mm as shown in Fig-3 has Youngs
6

modulus E = 2 x 105MN/m2 and mass density 7890 kg/m3. In addition to its selfweight, the bar is subjected to a point load P = 1KN at its mid point.
i. Model the plate with two finite elements.
ii. Write the element stiffness matrices and element force vectors.
iii. Using the elimination approach, solve for the global displacement vectors

Fig. 3

Subject
Name

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Subject
Code

ME6603

Year

III Year Mechanical Engg. (A, B & C

Section)

Semester

VI

Faculty
Name

Mr.S.Balu

Tutorial
No.

Part A
1. Write the expression of shape function N and displacement for one
dimensional bar element.
2. Write down the expression of stiffness matrix for a truss element.
3. What are the differences between boundary value problem and
initial value problem.
4. How do you calculate the size of the global stiffness matrix?
5. State the principles of virtual work.
Part B
1. The structure shown in fig.4 is
subjected

to

an

increase

in

temperature of 80oC. Determine

the displacements, stress and
support reactions. Assume the
following data.

Fig. 4
2. For the two bar truss shown in fig. 5 determine the displacements of
node 1 and the stress in element 1-3.
3. Consider a four bar truss as shown in fig. 6. It is given that E = 2 x
105 N/mm2 and Ae = 625 mm2 for all elements.

Fig. 6

Subject
Name

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Subject
Code

Year

III Year Mechanical Engg. (A, B & C

Section)

Semester

VI

Faculty
Name

Mr.S.Balu

Tutorial
No.

ME6603

Part A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What
What
What
Write
Write

is CST element?
is LST element?
is QST element?
a displacement function equation for CST element.
a strain-displacement matrix for CST element.

Part B
1. Derive the shape function for the CST element.
2. Derive the strain displacement matrix [B]and stress strain
relationship matrix for two dimensional CST elements.
3. For the CST element coordinate are (100,100), (400,100) and
(200,400), assemble strain displacement matrix. Take t=20mm
and E=2 x 105 N/mm2.
4. Calculate the stiffness matrix for the CST element coordinate are
(10,7.5),(15,5) and (15,10). The co-ordinate are given in units of
mm. Assume plane stress conditions. Take E = 2.1 x 10 5 N/mm2,
=0.25, t=10mm.
5. Calculate the element stress and the principle angle for the CST
element

co-ordinates

(10,7.5),(15,5)

and

(15,10).

The

nodal

displacements are: u1= 2 mm, v1 =1 mm, u2=0.5mm, v2=0 mm,

u3=3 mm, v3=1. Take E = 2.1 x 105 N/mm2, =0.25, t=10mm.

Subject
Name

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Subject
Code

Year

III Year Mechanical Engg. (A, B & C

Section)

Semester

VI

Faculty
Name

Mr.S.Balu

Tutorial
No.

ME6603

Part A
1. What is meant by plane stress analysis?
2. Define plane strain analysis.
3. Write down the stiffness matrix equation for one dimensional heat
conduction element.
4. Write down the stiffness matrix equation for two dimensional CST
element.
5. Write down the expression for the shape functions for a CST
element.
Part B
1. Calculate the element stiffness matrix and the temperature force
vector for the plane stress element co-ordinates are (0,0),(2,0) and
(1,3). The element experiences a 20oC increases in temperature.
Assume coefficient of thermal expansion is 6 x 10 -6/oC. Take E = 2 x
105 N/mm2, =0.25, t=10mm.
2. Derive the temperature function (T) and shape function (N) for one
dimensional heat conduction element.
3. Derive the stiffness matrix for one dimensional heat conduction
element.
4. Derive the finite element equations for a one dimensional heat
conduction problem.
5. A steel rod of diameter d=2 cm, length L=5cm and thermal
conductivity k=50 W/m0C is exposed at one end to a constant
temperature of 320oC. The other end is in ambient air of
temperature 20oC with a convection coefficient of h=100 W/m 2-C.
Determine the temperature at the midpoint of the rod.

Subject
Name

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Subject
Code

Year

III Year Mechanical Engg. (A, B & C

Section)

Semester

VI

Faculty
Name

Mr.S.Balu

Tutorial
No.

ME6603

Part A
1. What is axisymmetric element?
2. What are the conditions for a problem to be axisymmetric?
3. Write down the displacement equation for an axisymmetric
triangular element.
4. Write down the shape functions for an axisymmetric triangular
element.
5. Give the strain-displacement matrix equation for an axisymmetric
triangular element.
Part B
1. Derive the shape function for axisymmetric element.
2. Derive the strain -displacement matrix [B] for axisymmetric
element.
3. Derive the stress-strain relationship matrix [D] for axisymmetric
element.
4. The nodal co-ordinates for an axisymmetric element are r 1=10mm,
z1=10mm, r2=30mm, z2=10mm, r3=30mm,z3=40mm. evaluate [B]
matrix for that element.

Subject
Name

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Subject
Code

Year

III Year Mechanical Engg. (A, B & C

Section)

Semester

VI

Faculty
Name

Mr.S.Balu

Tutorial
No.

ME6603

Part B
1. The axisymmetric element co-ordinates are (0,0),(50,0) and (50,50).
Determine the stiffness matrix. Take E=200 GPa and v=0.25. the coordinates are in mm.
2. The axisymmetric elements co-ordinates are (0,0), (60,0) and
(30,50). Determine the element stresses. Take E=2.1x105 N/mm2
and v=0.25. The co-ordinates are in mm. the nodal displacements
are: u1=0.05 mm, u2=0.02 mm, u3=0mm, w1=0.03 mm, w2=0.02
mm, w3 = 0mm.
3. Calculate the element stiffness matrix and the thermal force vector
for the axisymmetric triangular elements co-ordinates are (6,7),(8,7)
and (9,10). The co-ordinates are in mm. The element experiences
a 15oC increase in temperature. Take
N/mm2, v=0.25.

=10x10-6/oC, E=2x105

Subject
Name

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Subject
Code

Year

III Year Mechanical Engg. (A, B & C

Section)

Semester

VI

Faculty
Name

Mr.S.Balu

Tutorial
No.

ME6603

Part A
1. What is purpose of Isoparametric elements?
2. Write down the functions for 4 noded rectangular element using
natural co-ordinate system.
3. Write the Jacobina matrix for four noded quadrilateral element.
4. Define super parametric element.
5. Define the sub parametric element.
Part B
1. Derive the shape function for noded rectangular parent element by
using natural co-ordinate system and co-ordinate transformation.
2. Derive the element stiffness matrix equation for 4 nod3ed
isoperimetric quadrilateral element.
3. For the isoparametric four noded quadrilateral element co-ordinates
are (1,1),(5,1),(6,6) and (1,4). Determine the Cartesian co-ordinates
of point P which has local co-ordinates =0.5 and =0.5

Subject
Name

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Subject
Code

Year

III Year Mechanical Engg. (A, B & C

Section)

Semester

VI

Faculty
Name

Mr.S.Balu

Tutorial
No.

10

ME6603

Part B
1. Evaluate [J] at =0.5 and =0.5 for the linear quadrilateral element
as shown in fig.7

Fig. 7
2. Establish the strain-displacement matrix for linear quadrilateral
element co-ordinates are (1,1), (5,2), (4,5) and (2,4) at Gauss point r
= 0.57735 and s = -0.57735 .
1

3. Evaluate the integral by using Gaussian quadrature

x2 dx
1

4. Evaluate the integral I =

cos x2 dx
1

by applying 3 point Gaussion

quadrature and compare exact solution.